 | University of Virginia catalogue |  |
Medical Department.
| JOHN W. MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., F. R. S., | Professor of Chemistry. |
| W. G. CHRISTIAN, M. D., | Professor of Anatomy and Surgery. |
| A. H. BUCKMASTER, M. D., | Acting Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Practice. |
| PAUL B. BARRINGER, M. D., | Professor of Physiology and Materia Medica. |
| ALBERT H. TUTTLE, M. S., | Professor of Biology. |
| JOHN STAIGE DAVIS, M. A., M. D., | Adjunct Professor of Pathology and Hygiene. |
| HALSTEAD S. HEDGES, M. A., M. D., | Demonstrator of Anatomy. |
| ARLIE C. JONES, M. D., | Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy. |
| WILLIAM E. McCONVILLE, M. D., | Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy. |
| HUGH T. NELSON, M. D., | Instructor in Clinical Surgery. |
| WILLIAM J. MARTIN, M. A., M. D., | Instructor in Chemistry. |
| WILLIAM W. LUCK, M. D., | Demonstrator of Medical Biology and Pathology. |
| LOUIS S. GREENE, | Assistant Demonstrator of Pathology. |
| I. CARRINGTON HARRISON, | Assistant Demonstrator of Pathology. |
| CLAUDE H. LAVINDER, | Assistant Demonstrator of Medical Biology. |
| WALLER S. LEATHERS, | Assistant Demonstrator of Medical Biology. |
| JOSEPH D. OSBORNE, | Assistant Demonstrator of Medical Biology. |
| LYMAN SKEEN, Jr., | Assistant Demonstrator of Medical Biology. |
General Course of Studies in the Medical Department.—The session
of the Medical Department continues through the full nine months of the
University session. The studies included in the Medical course are as follows:
Chemistry, Anatomy, Histology, Bacteriology, Physiology, Materia
Medica, Hygiene, Pathology, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Practice
of Medicine, and Medical Jurisprudence.
These studies are arranged for a two years' course, and are pursued in the
following order:
During the first session (of nine months): Anatomy, Histology, Chemistry,
Physiology and Bacteriology.
During the second session (of nine months): Materia Medica, Practice of
Medicine, Hygiene, Pathology, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
Medical Jurisprudence.
Relations of the Student in the Second Year.—Students who pass a
satisfactory examination on the subjects studied during the first session are
not required to attend the lectures or stand the written examinations on these
subjects the second year; but if a student fails to pass a satisfactory examination
at the regular time on one or more of the subjects included in the
first year's course, he will be permitted to take such subject or subjects over
during the second year, without the payment of any additional fee, and if
second session, he will be permitted to graduate at the close of that session.
Requisites for Graduation.—No student is permitted to graduate from
the University of Virginia with the degree of Doctor of Medicine till he
shall have attended the regular course of not less than two years in this institution,
and passed a satisfactory examination on all the subjects included
in the Medical course, unless he shall have attended one course of lectures
of seven months, or two courses of less than seven months each, in some
other reputable medical school, in which case he may apply for graduation
at the end of his first session in this institution; but in order to obtain the
degree he must pass a satisfactory examination at this University on all the
subjects heretofore mentioned as included in the Medical course.
Certificates of Attendance.—No student will receive a certificate as a
member of the Medical Department of the University unless he has attended
the whole regular course of the first or the second year.
Methods of Instruction.—The instruction is given by systematic lectures
and daily oral examinations, with associated practical work in Anatomy,
Histology, Bacteriology, and Pathology. The daily oral examinations on
the subject of the previous lectures are of great value in stimulating the
student to regular and systematic habits of study, and furnishing the Professor
an opportunity of discovering and removing difficulties met with by
the student.
The Graduating Examinations are in writing and of a rigorous character.
Two sets of these are held each year—one near the close of the session,
after completion of the lecture courses; the other at the beginning of
the next session. To the latter are admitted—
(a) Students of the previous session who from illness or other cause approved by the
Faculty were unable to present themselves for examination. These may be examined
on any part of the course, and shall not be required to matriculate
anew.
(b) Students who passed examinations in two of the primary studies (Chemistry, Biology,
Anatomy, Physiology) at the close of the previous session, and attained
on the other two such a standard (but little lower than graduation) as the
Faculty may approve.
(c) Students who present certificates of attendance on one seven months' course or its
equivalent at some other reputable medical school.
Students falling under classes (b) and (c), after matriculating and passing the Fall
examinations on the primary studies, may proceed to graduation in the work
of the second year, without attending lectures or passing further examination
in the primary studies except the general oral examination.
No special examination will be given in the Medical Department except
under extraordinary circumstances.
A General Oral Examinatlon is held each year prior to graduation (at
the close of the session) on all the different branches on which the student
has passed during either that session or some preceding one. This is intended
to test the permanent acquisition of such general knowledge as every practitioner
of medicine should possess.
Clinical Instruction.—The Piedmont Hospital, in the adjoining city of
Charlottesville, is utilized as far as its capacity will permit, and during the
past year the second-course students have had the opportunity of seeing a
number of operations there. The University Dispensary is in successful
operation, and during the past year twenty-three hundred new patients have
been treated. Clinics are held four times a week, to which second-course
students only are admitted. In recognition of the impossibility of giving
practical instuction by the ordinary clinical lectures, the class is divided into
sections, so that each student may have the opportunity of examining patients
for himself under the guidance of the teacher.
Messrs. Jesse Ramsburg, C. B. Williams, J. A. Williams, R. S. Blakeman and J. W.
Booth have acted as student-assistants at the Dispensary during 1894-'95.
ANATOMY.
Professor Christian.
Descriptive Anatomy.—The instruction is given by didactic lectures,
combined with the course of Practical Anatomy as taught in the Dissecting
Hall. The endeavor throughout is to render the teaching as completely
practical as possible; no statement is made that is not illustrated by its exhibition,
either on the actual dissection or on the preparation of a dissection,
the effort being to convey knowledge in the so-called natural method—that
is, by mental imagery formed by repeated observations of nature. This is
accomplished by exhibiting to the student and requiring him to handle the
dissected parts and preparations made therefrom. The equipment of the
School for his purpose is most ample.
Practical Anatomy.—For this course dissecting material, obtained under
the permissive law of the State, is abundantly supplied without cost to the
student. Attendance in the dissecting-room is compulsory, a strict record
being kept in the case of each student. Besides the ordinary oral and written
examinations, each student is required to stand eight practical examinations—one
upon osteology, four upon different parts of the muscular system,
one on the viscera, one on the ligaments, and one on the vessels and nerves.
These examinations are oral and private, each student being questioned
alone. They consist in the identification of the truths of anatomy on the
acquaintance with the gross structure of the human body.
Regional Anatomy.—This subject is taught to second-course students by
the same practical methods as are described above.
HISTOLOGY.
Professor Tuttle.
Normal Histology is taught by lectures, accompanied by practical work
in the laboratory, which is amply equipped for the purpose. The class is
divided into working sections of thirty-six, that number of desks being provided
with microscopes, accessory apparatus, and all necessary reagents. The
primary object of the course is to make the student practically familiar with
the normal appearance and characteristics of the structural elements of the
body, their groupings into tissues, and the disposition and relations of the
latter as making up the various organs of the body. As a means to this
end, students are carefully trained in the use of the microscope, and, as much
as practicable, in histological technique. The accuracy and readiness of the
knowledge acquired is tested for each student by individual practical examination,
in which he is required to name and describe at sight preparations
of tissues and sections of organs submitted to him; the usual written examination
must also be passed.
Text-Books Recommended.—Klein's, Piersol's, or Shaefer's Histology; the Professor's
Syllabus.
Embryology.—Optional attendance (without additional charge) upon the
course in Comparative Embryology is granted to medical students. The laboratory
is provided with a valuable set of preparations illustrating the embryology
of the lower vertebrates, and a collection of human embryos of
various stages from which anatomical and histological preparations are made.
Text-Books.—Shaefer's, Haddon's, or Minot's Embryology.
CHEMISTRY.
Professor Mallet.
In this course the students are taught Chemical Physics and the general
principles of Chemistry, and are carried through a course of Descriptive
Chemistry, inorganic and organic; their attention is directed, whenever an
occasion presents itself, to the application of chemical principles to Physiology,
the Practice of Medicine, Therapeutics, Toxicology, and Sanitary Science.
Text-Books.—Fownes's Chemistry; Syllabus of the Professor's lectures. For Reference.—Charles's
Physiological and Pathological Chemistry; Wormley's Micro-Chemistry
of Poisons.
PHYSIOLOGY.
Professor Barringer.
In Physiology the entire work of the class is designed with especial reference
to its practical bearings on the subsequent study of Pathology and Therapeutics.
The lectures on human Embryology are not given until the students
are well advanced in Anatomy, and able to appreciate their bearings. In
the elucidation of these subjects, the large collection of plates belonging to the
department is supplemented by original preparations and models.
Text-Book.—The Professor's Syllabus. For Reference.—Landois's Physiology; Foster's
Physiology.
BACTERIOLOGY.
Professor Tuttle.
Bacteriology is taught by lectures and practical work in the laboratory.
It is the object of the course to give the students a clear idea of the biology
of the bacteria; their affinities as plants, their structure, and their physiology
being considered as the basis for the further discussion of their economic relations,
their action as causes of disease, and the methods resorted to for
their manipulation. The various processes of bacteriological technique are
fully illustrated and demonstrated in the laboratory. The work of the students
comprises special practice in those processes which are of peculiar value
to the practitioner as a means of diagnosis.
Text-Books Recommended.—Abbott's Principles of Bacteriology; Fraenkel's Bacteriology;
the Professor's Introduction to the Bacteria; Sternberg's or Crookshank's
Manual of Bacteriology.
MATERIA MEDICA.
Professor Barringer.
In Materia Medica and Therapeutics particular stress is laid upon the
physiological action and rational therapeutical application of drugs. The
physical properties of drugs are taught by requiring the students to learn
them from specimens, a complete collection being provided, which contains
specimens both of all the crude drugs and of all their preparations which
have been dealt with in the lectures.
Text-Book.—White's Materica Medica and Therapeutics. For Reference.—Brunton's
Pharmacology, Wood's Materia Medica.
PRACTICE OF MEDICINE.
Professor Buckmaster.
The Theory and Practice of Medicine is taught in a systematic course
of one hundred and fifty didactic lectures, which are supplemented by clinical
Dispensary, and the student is required to become familiar with the normal
organs. The additions to our knowledge made by the bacteriologist, when
of use in diagnosis or in treatment, receive particular attention.
Text-Books.—An abstract of a course of lectures by William C. Dabney (Anderson
Bros., University of Virginia); a Hand-Book of Physical Diagnosis, &c., by R. C. M.
Page (J. H. Vail & Co., New York); The Principles and Practice of Medicine, by
William Osler (D. Appleton & Co., New York); a Treatise on Mental and Nervous
Diseases, by Landon Carter Gray (Lea Bros. & Co., Philadelphia).
HYGIENE.
Adjunct Professor Davis.
In this course the chemical and bacterial contamination of food, water,
air and soil first engages the attention of the student. With this preparation
he takes up the natural history of contagious and infectious diseases,
their modes of propagation and methods of prevention. Instruction is also
given in the proper location and construction of habitations, hospitals, schoolhouses,
etc., with especial reference to modern methods of heating, ventilating
and draining. Notice is taken of the special relations involved in
Military and Naval Hygiene.
Text-Book.—Rohé's Text-Book of Hygiene.
PATHOLOGY.
Adjunct Professor Davis.
The principles of General and Surgical Pathology are discussed in lectures
and illustrated in the laboratory, where ample facilities are provided to
enable each student to make permanent preparations for himself. Instruction
is also given in the method of conducting a post mortem examination, in
which the object of preserving for future investigation such parts, as may
demand it, is kept particularly in view. This involves pathological technique,
which is accordingly taught. Students are individually required to recognize,
by the aid of the microscope, the nature of tumors, and to make examinations
of urine, in addition to the regular written examination, covering
the entire work of the session.
Text-Books.—Senn's Principles of Surgery; Delafield and Prudden's Pathological
Anatomy and Histology.
SURGERY.
Professor Christian.
In Operative Surgery the first aim is to ground the student thoroughly
in the principles and technique of modern aseptic surgical procedure. All
amputations and ligations, the application of splints, bandages and apparatus
for different fractures, are shown upon the cadaver. To insure a practical
knowledge of the subject, each student will be required to perform operations
upon the cadaver as a part of his examination for graduation.
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY.
Professor Buckmaster.
In Obstetrics instruction is given by lectures, and the mechanical principles
involved in the study are explained by the use of suitable preparations
and models. The systematic use of the manikin with the fœtus has made it
possible for the student to obtain a knowledge of obstetric manipulations
which he can acquire in no other way. Routine work with the manikin
is obligatory.
Text-Book.—Outlines of Obstetrics, by Charles Jewett (W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia).
For Reference.—The Science and Art of Midwifery, by W. T. Lusk (D. Appleton
& Co., New York).
In Gynecology instruction is given by lectures and recitations, and the
plastic operations necessary to repair injuries of the pelvic structures are shown
during the course. Practical training in the details of gynecological treatment
is given at the Dispensary.
Text-Book.—The Professor's Syllabus. For Reference.—Principles and Practice of
Gynecology, by T. A. Emmet (Lea Bros. & Co., Philadelphia); Treatise on the Diseases
of Women, by A. J. C. Skene (D. Appleton & Co., New York).
MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE.
Acting Professor Buckmaster.
In this course the student is instructed in the principles of the science, and
taught how to apply these principles when he is summoned as a witness in a
court of law.
Text-Book.—Reese's Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology.
EXPENSES.
The necessary expenses of a student in the regular course of the Medical
Department for the session of nine months are estimated as below, both for
the lowest rate of living and for a more liberal expenditure:
| Tuition (including fee for laboratory materials), | $120 | $120 |
| Matriculation, | 30 | 30 |
| Infirmary fee, | 7 | 7 |
| Contingent deposit, | 10 | 10 |
| Dormitory rent, | 15 | 30 |
| Servant's attendance, | 9 | 9 |
| Furniture for dormitory, | 9 | 19 |
| Fuel and lights, | 12 | 24 |
| Washing, | 14 | 14 |
| Board, | 99 | 162 |
| Total necessary expenses, | $325 | $425 |
| Payable on entrance, | 225 | 265 |
Books, stationery and dissecting instruments for the entire course cost about $45. The
cost of the degree, if taken, is $15.
Separate fees are charged when students who are not candidates for a degree
pursue an elective instead of the regular course.
A laboratory course in Practical Pharmacy, under Professor Dunnington,
is also open to medical students, who are charged $5 to cover the cost of
laboratory materials, tuition being free.
Note.—During the session of 1894-'95 the lectures on Obstetrics were
given by Thomas R. Evans, M. D.; and lectures on legal aspects of Medical
Jurisprudence by Professor W. Minor Lile.
SCHEME OF MEDICAL LECTURES AND EXAMINATIONS.
| FIRST HALF-SESSION. | FIRST-COURSE STUDENTS. | SECOND-COURSE STUDENTS. | ||||||||||
| 9-10 10-11 | 11-12:30 | 12:30-1:30 | 1:30-2:30 | 3:30-5 | 9-10 | 10-11 | 11-12:30 | 12:30-1:30 | 1:30-2:30 | 3:30-5 | ||
| Mon | Histol. Lab. A. | Chem. | Anat. | Dissec. | Obst. and Gyn. |
Path. | Path. Lab. A. | Mat. Med. | Clinic. | |||
| Tues | Histol. Lab. B. | Histol. | Anat. | Dissec. | Obst. and Gyn. |
Path. Lab. B. | Mat. Med. | Clinic. | ||||
| Wed | Histol. Lab. C. | Dissec. | Chem. | Obst. and Gyn. |
Path. Lab. C. | Mat. Med. | Clinic. | |||||
| Thurs | Histol. Lab. A. | Anat. | Dissec. | Obst. and Gyn. |
Path. | Path. Lab. A. | Mat. Med. | Clinic. | ||||
| Fri | Histol. Lab. B. | Chem. | Anat. | Dissec. | Obst. and Gyn. |
Path. Lab. B. | Mat. Med. | Clinic. | ||||
| Sat | Histol. Lab. C. | Histol. | Anat. | Dissec. | Obst. and Gyn. |
Path. Lab. C. | Mat. Med. | Clinic. | ||||
| SECOND HALF-SESSION. | Mon | Bact. Lab. A. | Chem. | Physiol. | Dissec. | Pract. | Path. | Path. Lab. A. | Surg. | Clinic. | ||
| Tues | Bact. Lab. B. | Bact. | Physiol. | Dissec. | Pract. | Path. Lab. B. | Surg. | Clinic. | ||||
| Wed | Bact. Lab. C. | Dissec. | Chem. | Pract. | Path. Lab. C. | Clinic. | ||||||
| Thurs | Bact. Lab. A. | Physiol. | Dissec. | Pract. | Path. | Path. Lab. A. | Surg. | Clinic. | ||||
| Fri | Bact. Lab. B. | Chem. | Physiol. | Dissec. | Pract. | Path. Lab. B. | Surg. | Clinic. | ||||
| Sat | Bact. Lab. C. | Bact. | Physiol. | Dissec. | Pract. | Path. Lab. C. | Surg. | Clinic. | ||||
| Examinations. | Jan. 29. | Feb. 15. | Apr. 23. | May 16. | May 28. | June 1. | Nov. 9. | Nov. 30. | Dec. 21. | Feb. 29. | May 2. | May 23. | June 3. | June 6. |
| Chem. | Histol. | Anat. | Physiol. | Chem. | Bact. | Hyg. | Obst. | Mat. Med | Gyn. | Pract. | Path. | Surg. | Med. Jur. |
Note.—The Medical Faculty reserve the right to alter the scheme of lectures and examinations when they deem it advisable to do so.
| University of Virginia catalogue | |