BIBLIOGRAPHY
For a detailed categorization and bibliography of models
in biology, see
W. R. Stahl, “The Role of Models in Theo-
retical Biology,” Progress in Theoretical Biology,
1 (1967),
165-218. See also M. W. Beckner, The Biological Way of
Thought (Berkeley, 1968),
Ch. III; R. B. Braithewaite, Sci-
entific Explanation (Cambridge, 1953), Chs.
III, V; J. Cairns,
G. S. Stent, and J. D. Watson, Phage and the Origins of
Molecular Biology (Cold Spring
Harbor, 1966); H. Freuden-
thal, ed.,
The Concept and the Role of the Model in Mathe-
matics and Natural and Social
Sciences (Dordrecht, 1961),
1-37, 163-94; R. MacArthur and R.
Levins, “The Limiting
Similarity, Convergence and Divergence
of Coexisting Spe-
cies,” The American Naturalist,
101 (1967), 377-85; A.
Rosenblueth and N. Wiener,
“The Role of Models in Sci-
ence,” Philosophy of Science,
12 (1943), 317-20; J. D.
Watson, The Double Helix (New York, 1968); K. E. F. Watt,
Ecology and Resource Management (New York, 1968).
R. C. LEWONTIN
[See also
Biological Homologies; Evolutionism;
Genetic Continuity; Man-Machine; Recapitulation.]
