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democracy in America

  
[title page]
  
De Tocqueville's Preface To The Second Part

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FIRST BOOK: INFLUENCE OF DEMOCRACY ON THE PROGRESS OF OPINION IN THE UNITED STATES
 1. 
Chapter I: Philosophical Method Among the Americans
 2. 
Chapter II: Of The Principal Source Of Belief Among Democratic Nations
 3. 
Chapter III: Why The Americans Display More Readiness And More Taste For General Ideas Than Their Forefathers, The English
 4. 
Chapter IV: Why The Americans Have Never Been So Eager As The French For General Ideas In Political Matters
 5. 
Chapter V: Of The Manner In Which Religion In The United States Avails Itself Of Democratic Tendencies
 6. 
Chapter VI: Of The Progress Of Roman Catholicism In The United States
 7. 
Chapter VII: Of The Cause Of A Leaning To Pantheism Amongst Democratic Nations
 8. 
Chapter VIII: The Principle Of Equality Suggests To The Americans The Idea Of The Indefinite Perfectibility Of Man
 9. 
Chapter IX: The Example Of The Americans Does Not Prove That A Democratic People Can Have No Aptitude And No Taste For Science, Literature, Or Art
 10. 
Chapter X: Why The Americans Are More Addicted To Practical Than To Theoretical Science
 11. 
Chapter XI: Of The Spirit In Which The Americans Cultivate The Arts
 12. 
Chapter XII: Why The Americans Raise Some Monuments So Insignificant, And Others So Important
 13. 
Chapter XIII: Literary Characteristics Of Democratic Ages
 14. 
Chapter XIV: The Trade Of Literature
 15. 
Chapter XV: The Study Of Greek And Latin Literature Peculiarly Useful In Democratic Communities
 16. 
Chapter XVI: The Effect Of Democracy On Language
 17. 
Chapter XVII: Of Some Of The Sources Of Poetry Amongst Democratic Nations
 18. 
Chapter XVIII: Of The Inflated Style Of American Writers And Orators
 19. 
Chapter XIX: Some Observations On The Drama Amongst Democratic Nations
 20. 
Chapter XX: Characteristics Of Historians In Democratic Ages
 21. 
Chapter XXI: Of Parliamentary Eloquence In The United States
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SECOND BOOK: INFLUENCE OF DEMOCRACY ON THE FEELINGS OF AMERICANS
 1. 
Chapter I: Why Democratic Nations Show A More Ardent And Enduring Love Of Equality Than Of Liberty
 2. 
Chapter II: Of Individualism In Democratic Countries
 3. 
Chapter III: Individualism Stronger At The Close Of A Democratic Revolution Than At Other Periods
 4. 
Chapter IV: That The Americans Combat The Effects Of Individualism By Free Institutions
 5. 
Chapter V: Of The Use Which The Americans Make Of Public Associations In Civil Life
 6. 
Chapter VI: Of The Relation Between Public Associations And Newspapers
 7. 
Chapter VII: Connection Of Civil And Political Associations
 8. 
Chapter VIII: The Americans Combat Individualism By The Principle Of Interest Rightly Understood
 9. 
Chapter IX: That The Americans Apply The Principle Of Interest Rightly Understood To Religious Matters
 10. 
Chapter X: Of The Taste For Physical Well-Being In America
 11. 
Chapter XI: Peculiar Effects Of The Love Of Physical Gratifications In Democratic Ages
 12. 
Chapter XII: Causes Of Fanatical Enthusiasm In Some Americans
 13. 
Chapter XIII: Causes Of The Restless Spirit Of Americans In The Midst Of Their Prosperity
 14. 
Chapter XIV: Taste For Physical Gratifications United In America To Love Of Freedom And Attention To Public Affairs
 15. 
Chapter XV: That Religious Belief Sometimes Turns The Thoughts Of The Americans To Immaterial Pleasures
 16. 
Chapter XVI: That Excessive Care Of Worldly Welfare May Impair That Welfare
 17. 
Chapter XVII: That In Times Marked By Equality Of Conditions And Sceptical Opinions, It Is Important To Remove To A Distance The Objects Of Human Actions
 18. 
Chapter XVIII: That Amongst The Americans All Honest Callings Are Honorable
 19. 
Chapter XIX: That Almost All The Americans Follow Industrial Callings
 20. 
Chapter XX: That Aristocracy May Be Engendered By Manufactures
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THIRD BOOK: INFLUENCE OF DEMOCRACY ON MANNERS, PROPERLY SO CALLED
 1. 
Chapter I: That Manners Are Softened As Social Conditions Become More Equal
 2. 
Chapter II: That Democracy Renders The Habitual Intercourse Of The Americans Simple And Easy
 3. 
Chapter III: Why The Americans Show So Little Sensitiveness In Their Own Country, And Are So Sensitive In Europe
 4. 
Chapter IV: Consequences Of The Three Preceding Chapters
 5. 
Chapter V: How Democracy Affects the Relation Of Masters And Servants
 6. 
Chapter VI: That Democratic Institutions And Manners Tend To Raise Rents And Shorten The Terms Of Leases
 7. 
Chapter VII: Influence Of Democracy On Wages
 8. 
Chapter VIII: Influence Of Democracy On Kindred
 9. 
Chapter IX: Education Of Young Women In The United States
 10. 
Chapter X: The Young Woman In The Character Of A Wife
 11. 
Chapter XI: That The Equality Of Conditions Contributes To The Maintenance Of Good Morals In America
 12. 
Chapter XII: How The Americans Understand The Equality Of The Sexes
 13. 
Chapter XIII: That The Principle Of Equality Naturally Divides The Americans Into A Number Of Small Private Circles
 14. 
Chapter XIV: Some Reflections On American Manners
 15. 
Chapter XV: Of The Gravity Of The Americans, And Why It Does Not Prevent Them From Often Committing Inconsiderate Actions
 16. 
Chapter XVI: Why The National Vanity Of The Americans Is More Restless And Captious Than That Of The English
 17. 
Chapter XVII: That The Aspect Of Society In The United States Is At Once Excited And Monotonous
 18. 
Chapter XVIII: Of Honor In The United States And In Democratic Communities
 19. 
Chapter XIX: Why So Many Ambitious Men And So Little Lofty Ambition Are To Be Found In The United States
 20. 
Chapter XX: The Trade Of Place-Hunting In Certain Democratic Countries
 21. 
Chapter XXI: Why Great Revolutions Will Become More Rare
 22. 
Chapter XXII: Why Democratic Nations Are Naturally Desirous Of Peace, And Democratic Armies Of War
 23. 
Chapter XXIII: Which Is The Most Warlike And Most Revolutionary Class In Democratic Armies?
 24. 
Chapter XXIV: Causes Which Render Democratic Armies Weaker Than Other Armies At The Outset Of A Campaign, And More Formidable In Protracted Warfare
 25. 
Chapter XXV: Of Discipline In Democratic Armies
 26. 
Chapter XXVI: Some Considerations On War In Democratic Communities
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BOOK FOUR: INFLUENCE OF DEMOCRATIC OPINIONS AND SENTIMENTS ON POLITICAL SOCIETY
 1. 
Chapter I: That Equality Naturally Gives Men A Taste For Free Institutions
 2. 
Chapter II: That The Notions Of Democratic Nations On Government Are Naturally Favorable To The Concentration Of Power
 3. 
Chapter III: That The Sentiments Of Democratic Nations Accord With Their Opinions In Leading Them To Concentrate Political Power
 4. 
Chapter IV: Of Certain Peculiar And Accidental Causes Which Either Lead A People To Complete Centralization Of Government, Or Which Divert Them From It
 5. 
Chapter V: That Amongst The European Nations Of Our Time The Power Of Governments Is Increasing, Although The Persons Who Govern Are Less Stable
 6. 
Chapter VI: What Sort Of Despotism Democratic Nations Have To Fear
 7. 
Chapter VII: Continuation Of The Preceding Chapters
 8. 
Chapter VIII: General Survey Of The Subject

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APPENDIX
 A. 
Appendix A
 B. 
Appendix B
 C. 
Appendix C
 D. 
Appendix D
 E. 
Appendix E
 F. 
Appendix F
 G. 
Appendix G
 H. 
Appendix H
 I. 
Appendix I
 K. 
Appendix K
 L. 
Appendix L
 M. 
Appendix M
 N. 
Appendix N
 O. 
Appendix O
 P. 
Appendix P
 Q. 
Appendix Q
 R. 
Appendix R
 S. 
Appendix S
 T. 
Appendix T
 U. 
Appendix U
 V. 
Appendix V
 W. 
Appendix W
 X. 
Appendix X
 Y. 
Appendix Y
 Z. 
Appendix Z
  
[notes]
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Constitution Of The United States Of America
  
[subsection]
 1. 
Article I
 2. 
Article II
 3. 
Article III
 4. 
Article IV
 5. 
Article V
 6. 
Article VI
 7. 
Article VII
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Bill Of Rights
  
[section]
 1. 
Article I
 2. 
Article II
 3. 
Article III
 4. 
Article IV
 5. 
Article V
 6. 
Article VI
 7. 
Article VII
 8. 
Article VIII
 9. 
Article IX
 10. 
Article X
 11. 
Article XI
 12. 
Article XII
 13. 
Article XIII
 14. 
Article XIV
 15. 
Article XV
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Z. Appendix Z

It cannot be absolutely or generally affirmed that the greatest danger of the present age is license or tyranny, anarchy or despotism. Both are equally to be feared; and the one may as easily proceed as the other from the selfsame cause, namely, that "general apathy," which is the consequence of what I have termed "individualism": it is because this apathy exists, that the executive government, having mustered a few troops, is able to commit acts of oppression one day, and the next day a party, which has mustered some thirty men in its ranks, can also commit acts of oppression. Neither one nor the other can found anything to last; and the causes which enable them to succeed easily, prevent them from succeeding long: they rise because nothing opposes them, and they sink because nothing supports them. The proper object therefore of our most strenuous resistance, is far less either anarchy or despotism than the apathy which may almost indifferently beget either the one or the other.

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