University of Virginia Library

MILLER SCHOOL OF BIOLOGY.

Professor Tuttle.

Mr. Kepner.

Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination.

The work of this school is designed to meet the wants of students
who desire such knowledge of the principles of Biology and of the methods
of biological research as should properly form part of a liberal education,
or who desire such training as will fit them for independent work as
students or as teachers in that department of knowledge, or for other
professional work therein; and of those who seek such acquaintance with
the facts and laws of Biology as will prepare them for entrance upon the

study of Medicine, or for an intelligent study of the relations of the
biological sciences to the art of Agriculture as described in another portion
of this catalogue (p. 222).

Each student who enters upon the work of either of the courses
described below is required to provide himself with a section razor, a
good pocket magnifier, a small case of dissecting instruments, and a notebook
of approved pattern. All other necessary apparatus, reagents, etc.,
are furnished by the laboratory. There is a laboratory fee for materials
consumed in connection with the work of each of the courses.

Primarily for Undergraduates.

Course 1B: General Biology.—This course is intended to serve (as
far as the work of a single course may) as an introduction to all of the
biological sciences, including those fundamental to the profession of
Medicine. Its pursuit is intended to make the student familiar with the
laboratory method of study, and at the same time to impart to him some
direct knowledge of the most readily discernible facts of structure and
laws of function in living things, as seen in a series of representative
plants and animals. In it he is made acquainted with the use of the microscope,
with the simpler and more frequently used processes of biological
technic, and with the principles of physiological experimentation; and with
these aids is taught to observe, to record the results of his observations,
and to draw conclusions therefrom. Through it he is led to discern the
fundamental activities and the corresponding essentials of organization
characteristic of all living beings, as distinguished from inanimate objects;
as well as the important differences which distinguish plants from animals.
By it he is thus prepared for the intelligent (and in some measure for the
independent) study of either of the great divisions of the organic world;
for the consideration of the important economic relations of living organisms,
both plant and animal; or for the detailed and specific study of the
structure and functions of the human body.

This course is offered yearly; it, or an accepted equivalent course
successfully pursued elsewhere, is required for admission to the Department
of Medicine, or to the pursuit of the courses which follow. The
work of the course consists of three lectures and three laboratory exercises
a week.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Course 2C: Botany and Plant Morphology: Course 1B prerequisite.
—The course in structural and systematic Botany is largely devoted to the
study of the anatomy and histology of representatives of the principal
divisions of the vegetable kingdom, and to their comparative morphology,
beginning with the lowest and passing to the highest plants; as far as possible,

representative life-histories are also studied and discussed. The
concluding portion of the course is devoted to the specific study of the
classification and distribution of the higher plants; and of the local flora,
particularly in its ecological relations.

Course 3C: Invertebrate Zoölogy and Morphology: Course 1B
prerequisite.—In this course a study is made of a series of forms representative
of the principal groups of the invertebrate division of the animal
kingdom, their anatomy, histology, and, as far as practicable, their embryology
being studied. The practical work of the laboratory is supplemented
by lectures upon the organization and life-history of the forms examined,
and that of allied forms, and upon their relations as thereby indicated.
One or more of the leading groups is discussed and studied somewhat in
detail in such a manner as to illustrate the principles and the meaning of
zoölogical classification as based upon structure and development.

Course 4C: Vertebrate Zoölogy and Morphology: Courses 1B and
3C prerequisite.—The work of the course begins with a study of the elements
of Vertebrate Embryology: this is followed by the detailed comparative
study of the structure and development of one or more systems
of organs as existing in the vertebrates and in those forms which may be
regarded as phylogenetically most nearly related to the vertebrate stock.
The work of the laboratory is accompanied by illustrative lectures, and by
a discussion of the classification of the vertebrates and their distribution
both in space and in time.

The work of each of the three courses just described will consist of
two laboratory exercises per week, with the accompanying lectures; and
a third lecture period, at a convenient hour, when the three classes will
meet in one body: this weekly period will be devoted to the discussion of
questions common to all three lines of study.

The completion of the work thus outlined will satisfy the requirements
for students who offer either of these courses as an elective at large for the
degree of Bachelor of Arts. Students who offer either of these courses
as an elective for the degree of Master of Arts will be required to perform
independently (upon subjects individually assigned) additional work in
amount about equal to a third laboratory period per week.

Course 2C will be given yearly: Courses 3C and 4C are offered yearly,
but either may be withdrawn at the beginning of the session if not elected
by at least four students.

For Graduates Only.

Course 5D: Cytology and Comparative Histology: Course 1B
prerequisite: Course 2C, 3C or 4C must also be taken as a preceding
course.—This course begins with a study of the phenomena of cell organization

and cell life in both plants and animals: this is followed by a comparative
study of the elements of structure and their embryological development
in the lower and the higher animals, or in a similar series of
plant forms; the work of each student is individually assigned in great
measure. It includes practice in the more advanced methods of technic,
and a critical discussion of the microscope and its intelligent use, as
means to the ends in view. It is accompanied by the consideration of the
fundamental laws of General Biology as founded upon cytological study.