 | The University of Virginia record February, 1908 |  |
III. PART III.
SCHOOLS AND DEPARTMENTS
OF THE UNIVERSITY:
THE LIBRARY.
THE ACADEMIC SCHOOLS.
| EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D. C. L., LL. D., | President |
| JAMES MORRIS PAGE, M. A., Ph. D., | Dean |
| THOMAS FITZHUGH, M. A., | Professor of Latin |
| MILTON WYLIE HUMPHREYS, M. A., Ph. D., LL. D., | Professor of Greek |
| JAMES ALBERT HARRISON, L. H. D., LL. D., | Professor of Teutonic Languages |
| RICHARD HENRY WILSON, M. A., Ph. D., | Professor of Romanic Languages |
| WILLIAM HOLDING ECHOLS, B. S., C. E., | Professor of Mathematics |
| JAMES MORRIS PAGE, M. A., Ph. D., | Professor of Mathematics |
| WILLIAM MYNN THORNTON, LL. D., | Professor of Applied Mathematics |
| ORMOND STONE, M. A., | Professor of Practical Astronomy |
| FRANCIS HENRY SMITH, M. A., LL. D., | Emeritus Professor of Natural Philosophy |
| JOHN WILLIAM MALLET, Ph. D., M. D., LL. D., F. R. S., | Professor of Chemistry |
| ROBERT MONTGOMERY BIRD, B. A., B. S., Ph. D., | Collegiate Professor of Chemistry |
| FRANCIS PERRY DUNNINGTON, B. S., C. E., | Professor of Analytical Chemistry |
| ALBERT HENRY TUTTLE, M. S., | Professor of Biology |
| WILLIAM MORRIS FONTAINE, M. A., | Professor of Natural History and Geology |
| THOMAS LEONARD WATSON, M. S., Ph. D., | Professor of Economic Geology |
| RICHARD HEATH DABNEY, M. A., Ph. D., | Professor of History |
| THOMAS WALKER PAGE, Ph. D., LL. D., | Professor of Economics |
| CHARLES WILLIAM KENT, M. A., Ph. D., | Professor of English Literature |
| NOAH KNOWLES DAVIS, M. A., Ph. D., LL. D., | Emeritus Professor of Moral Philosophy |
| ALBERT LEFEVRE, Ph. D., LL. D., | Professor of Philosophy |
| BRUCE RYBURN PAYNE, M. A., Ph. D., | Professor of Secondary Education and Psychology |
| WILLIAM HARRY HECK, M. A., | Professor of Education |
| WILLIAM MENTZELL FORREST, A. B., | Associate Professor of Biblical History and Literature |
| WILLIAM HARRISON FAULKNER, M. A., Ph. D., | Adjunct Professor of Teutonic Languages |
| EDWIN PRESTON DARGAN, Ph. D., | Adjunct Professor of Romanic Languages |
| LLEWELLYN GRIFFITH HOXTON, M. A., B. S., | Adjunct Professor of Physics |
| ALBERT STUART BOLLING, M. A., | Instructor in Latin |
| WELDON THOMAS MYERS, A. B., | Instructor in Latin |
| JAMES SUGARS McLEMORE, B. A., | Instructor in Latin |
| HERBER MICHAEL HAYS, | Instructor in Greek |
| JOHN JENNINGS LUCK, M. A., | Instructor in Mathematics |
| WILLIAM BEVERLEY STONE, M. A., Ph. D., | Instructor in Mathematics |
| JAMES NEWTON MICHIE, B. A., | Instructor in Mathematics |
| CHARLES WATSON GIVENS, A. B., | Instructor in Mathematics |
| HARRY CLO, M. S., | Instructor in Physics |
| WILLIAM WILSON STANLEY BUTLER, B. A., | Instructor in Physics |
| THOMAS DWIGHT SLOAN, B. A., | Instructor in Chemistry |
| WILLIAM ALLISON KEPNER, M. A., | Instructor in Biology |
| JOHN WALTER WAYLAND, M. A., Ph. D., | Instructor in History |
| JOHN CLARENCE HIPP, B. A., | Instructor in Economics |
| LEONIDAS RUTLEDGE WHIPPLE, B. A., | Instructor in Journalism |
| CHARLES WAKEFIELD PAUL, | Instructor in Public Speaking |
| MALCOLM HARTWELL ARNOLD, M. A., | Instructor in English Literature |
| WALTER LARABEE LEIGHTON, A. M., | Instructor in English Literature |
| FREDERICK ARTHUR HODGE, A. B., | Instructor in Philosophy |
| CHARLES POLLARD OLIVIER, B. A., | Assistant in Astronomy |
| STANLEY REEVES, A. B., | Assistant in Physics |
| JOHN WINFREE WEST, M. E., | Assistant in Physics |
| CHARLES METCALF BYRNES, B. S., M. D., | Assistant in Chemistry |
| BERNARD HEWETT KYLE, B. S., | Assistant in Chemistry |
| TURNER MOREHEAD HARRIS, A. B., | Assistant in Chemistry |
| COLIN MACKENZIE MACKALL, | Assistant in Chemistry |
| STAPLETON DABNEY GOOCH, | Assistant in Chemistry |
| JOEL HILL WATKINS, | Assistant in Economic Geology |
| THOMAS TOWLES, | Assistant in English Literature |
| WILLIAM OSCAR RYBURN, A. B., | Assistant in English Literature |
| RICHARD PARDEE WILLIAMS, JR., | Assistant in Philosophy |
| MALCOLM HARTWELL ARNOLD, A. B., A. M., | Licentiate in Latin |
| EDWIN NORTON MOORE, | Licentiate in German |
The Academic Schools comprise the Schools of Languages,
Mathematics, Sciences, History, Literature, Economics, Philosophy, Education,
and Biblical Literature. In the undergraduate courses of these
Schools is comprised the work of the College with the degree of Bachelor
of Arts; in the graduate courses is comprised the work of the Department
of Graduate Studies, with the degrees of Graduate in a School, Master of
Arts, and Doctor of Philosophy. The professors and instructors in the
Academic Schools compose the Academic Faculty, which deals with questions
concerning the work both of the College and of the Department of
Graduate Studies.
A full statement of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts
will be found under the head of the College; of the requirements for the
other academic degrees, under the Department of Graduate Studies. In the
detailed account of the courses and equipment of the Academic Schools,
given in the following pages, the order of the courses in the particular
School, and the relation of each course to the academic degrees of the
University, is indicated as follows:
The numeral placed after each course indicates the order of the course
in the particular School; the letter placed after the numeral indicates the
value of the course as a part of the work required for an academic degree,
viz.:
A: the first-year course in a School, in which more than one year's
work is required, if the School in question is elected as one of the subjects
for the B. A. degree.
B: a course that has full value for the B. A. degree, either as a
group elective or as an elective-at-large.
C: a course of full value, either as an elective-at-large for the B. A.
degree, for the M. A. degree, or as a secondary minor for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy.
D: all graduate courses having full value for the degree of Doctor
of Philosophy, either as primary minor or major courses for that degree.
Courses without any letter following have value only as electives-at-large
for the B. A. degree.
The Academic Schools are here arranged according to the grouping
of subjects for the B. A. degree.
SCHOOL OF LATIN.
Professor Fitz-Hugh.
Mr. Bolling.
Mr. Myers.
Mr. McLemore.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The four
blocks prescribed on page 73 for admission to Latin 1A.
Preparation.—The Latin work of the University finds its logical
place in the public school system as the continuation of the Latin work of
the High School. It presupposes accordingly four years of competent
instruction in Latin, involving the Roman pronunciation, habitual observance
of quantity and accent, regular drill in grammar and prose composition
through all preparatory years, elementary Reader (Viri Romae),
Nepos (Roman Lives), Cæsar's Gallic War, Cicero's easier Orations, Ovid's
Metamorphoses, and Vergil's Aeneid. If the preparation of the student
justifies it, he will be admitted to advanced standing, with due credit for
all work done elsewhere by him.
Attention is further called to the importance of beginning Greek for
all who wish to reap the full cultural benefit of the University courses in
Latin. The study of at least one Romanic language also is very desirable.
The Greek illumines incomparably all parts of Latin study, which bears in
turn a like relation to the Romanic.
General Statement.—The first three years of University Latin
are devoted to the broad cultural study of the language, literature, and life
of the Romans. In the course of the instruction the effort is made to
exhibit, as far as possible, the relation of Roman civilization to the Greek,
on the one hand, and to Romanic and modern on the other, and thus to
emphasize the unity and continuity of all human culture. The great desirability
of a knowledge of Greek and of at least one Romanic language is
therefore specially commended to the student of Latin.
The work is organized in all years as follows:
I. In Language: Systematic study of Latin Grammar, with oral
and written exercises in prose composition. One hour a
week.II. In Literature: Reading of authors in culture-historical series.
Two hours a week.III. In Life: Systematic study of Roman culture-history in English,
hand in hand with the study of the Latin authors.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1A: The Higher Entrance Examination in Latin prerequisite.
I. In Language: General grammar (Hale-Buck), with oral and
written exercises (Moulton-Collar, Mather-Wheeler).
II. In Literature: Historical, Sallust's Jugurthine War and Conspiracy
of Catiline—epic, Vergil's Aeneid (Books VII-XII), and Ovid's
Metamorphoses (Books XIII-XIV), with study of the hexameter—philosophic,
Cicero's Friendship and Old Age, and his Tusculan Disputations
and Dream of Scipio.
III. In Life: The geography, history and private life of the Romans
(Tozer's Classical Geography and Kiepert's Atlas Antiquus, Botsford's
Story of Rome, Johnston's Private Life of the Romans).
Course 2B: Course 1A or its equivalent prerequisite.—Either Course
2B or Course 3B may be offered as the elective from Group I, and the
other may be offered as an elective-at-large.
I. In Language: General grammar (Gildersleeve-Lodge), with oral
and written exercises (Gildersleeve-Lodge, Nutting, Bennett).
II. In Literature: Historical and biographic, Livy's Early History
of Rome (Books I-II), and Tacitus' Agricola—lyric and didactic, Catullus'
Odes and Vergil's Georgics, with study of the meters of lyric and didactic
verse—philosophic, Cicero's De Officiis and Seneca's Moral Essays.
III. In Life: The public life, religion, and mythology of the Romans
(Gow's Companion to School Classics, Fairbank's Mythology of Greece
and Rome.)
Course 3B: Course 1A or its equivalent prerequisite.—Either Course
2B or Course 3B may be offered as the elective from Group I, and the
other may be offered as an elective-at-large.
I. In Language: General grammar (Gildersleeve-Lodge), with oral
and written exercises (Gildersleeve-Lodge, Nutting, Bennett).
II. In Literature: Historical and descriptive, Livy's Hannibalic
War, and Tacitus' Germania—lyric and idyllic, Horace's Odes, and Vergil's
Bucolics, with study of the meters of lyric and idyllic verse—critical and
didactic, Cicero's De Claris Oratoribus and Quintilian's Training of the
Orator.
III. In Life: The artistic life of the Romans (Tarbell's History of
Greek Art, Goodyear's Roman Art).
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 4C: Course 2B or Course 3B or the equivalent of either
prerequisite.
I. In Language: Higher Syntax of the Cases (Gildersleeve-Lodge,
Peters), with oral and written exercises (Bennett, Moore, Nettleship).
II. In Literature: Epistolary and historical, Cicero's Letters, and
Tacitus' Annals—dramatic and satiric, Plautus' Captivi, Terence's Andria,
and Horace's Satires and Epistles, with study of the meters of scenic and
Orators.
III. In Life: The history of Roman Literature (MacKail's Latin
Literature, and Laing's Masterpieces of Latin Literature).
Course 5C: Course 2B or Course 3B or the equivalent of either
prerequisite.—Given in alternate years with Course 4C, and furnishing a
second M. A. elective in Latin.
I. In Language: Higher Syntax of the Moods (Gildersleeve-Lodge,
Peters), with oral and written exercises (Bennett, Moore, Nettleship).
II. In Literature: Historical and epistolary, Tacitus' Histories, and
Pliny's Letters—dramatic and satiric, Plautus' Mostellaria, Terence's
Phormio, and Juvenal's Satires, with study of the meters of scenic and
satiric verse—philosophic, Lucretius' De Rerum Natura, and Cicero's De
Natura Deorum.
III. In Life: The history of Roman philosophy (Mayor's History of
Ancient Philosophy from Thales to Cicero, and Pater's Marius the Epicurean.)
For Graduates Only.
Course 6D: Cource 4C or Course 5C, or the equivalent of either, prerequisite.—This
course is intended for those who desire to specialize in classical
philology, and especially for those who choose Latin as their major
elective for the degree of Doctor of Philisophy. Roman civilization is the link
between the Hellenic and the Romanic, and hence Latin philology, which
is the science of Roman civilization, has vital points of contact with Greek
philology on the one hand and with Romanic on the other. If the candidate's
main subject be Latin, a respectable familiarity with Greek is required,
since the language, literature, and higher culture of the Romans
are saturated with Greek influence. If the candidate's main subject be
Romanic, the Greek requirement is waived as far as practically possible,
and he is guided into the history of the Roman folk speech, the common
source of the Romanic tongues, and into acquaintance with the authors
who illustrate it in literature.
Plan of Work.—It is the aim of this course, as far as the teaching
force and the resources of the School permit, to prepare the candidate
to investigate independently the sources of our knowledge of the language,
monuments (literary and objective) and life of the Romans.
The following is therefore an outline of the course:
I. In Language: Elements of comparative grammar (Giles, supplemented
by Hirt and Sommer on Sounds and Inflections and by
Brugmann and Schmalz on Syntax)—introduction to Latin historical
grammar (Lindsay, supplemented by Landgraf)—systematic grammar
with Cicero's De Oratore—reading of epigraphic and literary
monuments illustrating the history of the Latin language.
II. In the Literary and Objective Monuments of the Romans:
Reading of authors in groups systematically planned to illustrate the
literary life of the Romans—history and interpretation of texts—elements
of palæography (Johnson, supplemented by Thompson), epigraphy
(Lindsay, supplemented by Egbert and Cagnat), numismatics
(Gnecchi, supplemented by Hill), topography and remains (Platner,
Mau, Strack, Furtwaengler).
III. In Roman Life: Constructive study of Roman culture-history—reading
of authors illustrating the development of Roman
civilization—study of modern authorities in Roman culture-history
(Philippson, Nissen, Mommsen, Marquardt-Mommsen, Preller-Jordan,
Springer-Michaelis and Winter, Schanz, Windelband).
Aids.—For the sake of first-hand access to important modern
authorities in Latin philology, the candidate is urged to acquire a
good reading knowledge of German, French, and Italian. Such a
mastery of German and French is imperative.
SCHOOL OF GREEK.
Professor Humphreys.
Mr. Hays.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination.
This school comprises the following courses:
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1A: A course for beginners. Text-books: Benner and
Smyth's Beginner's Greek Book; Xenophon's Anabasis. Young men who
have the opportunity are urged to prepare themselves for the next course
(2A) or Course 3B before coming to the University.
Course 2A: Course 1A prerequisite or the Entrance Examination in
Greek (or its equivalent).—A course of easy Attic Prose. Xenophon's
Memorabilia and Hellenica, Lysias, Goodwin's Grammar, Elementary
Exercises.
Course 3B: Course 2A (or its equivalent) prerequisite.—A course of
Attic Prose and the Drama, Herodotus and Homer, Syntax, Exercises,
Literature, History, Meters, etc. The class will begin with Plato's Apology
and Crito.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 4C: Course 3B prerequisite.—A more advanced course, including
portions of Demosthenes, Thucydides, Æschylus, Sophocles, Aristophanes,
Lyric Poetc; also Meters, Syntax, and Exercises.
For Graduates Only.
Courses 5D and 6D: Course 4C prerequisite.—Designed for those
who wish to devote themselves to classical scholarship, and especially for
those who choose Greek as their major elective for the degree of Doctor
of Philosophy. For admission to these courses, proficiency in Courses 2A
and 3B, or equivalent preparation is required. The course 4C may be taken
as the first year Ph. D. course. At present the additional work consists of
four special courses, each comprising three hours per week during a half
session. The lectures will be employed chiefly in directing the private study
of the students.
The four special courses offered at present are as follows:
I. A course of selected readings extending over the whole field
of Greek literature in the order of historical development. This course
is intended as a general survey.
II. A course in Attic Prose, especially the orators, directed
partly to questions of grammar, and partly to the artistic form and
style.
III. A study of the Attic drama, including the special study in
class of the Œdipus Tyrannus of Sophocles and the Frogs of Aristophanes.
IV. A study of the Greek poets, with special reference to music,
rhythm, meter, and structure. The ancient doctrine of meter and
rhythm will be carefully examined, and portions of the Lyric poets,
including Pindar, read in class.
For all the classes of this School private reading is prescribed,
and the examinations will be partly upon this and the work done in
class, and partly upon passages selected from the Greek authors at
will.
Text-Books.—Goodwin's Greek Grammar; Goodwin's Moods and Tenses; Veitch's
Verbs; Liddell and Scott's Lexicon (intermediate, and in Course 4C and above,
unabridged edition); Morey's History of Greece; Fowler's Greek Literature. Any
editions of Greek authors may be used, except when particular ones are specially
prescribed; but students should always have at hand Teubner's texts for reference,
and for use on examinations. At present Rhythm and Meters and some other subjects
are taught wholly or partly by lecture.
SCHOOL OF TEUTONIC LANGUAGES.
Professor Harrison.
Adj. Prof. Faulkner.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: In English;
the General Entrance Examination, and, in addition, Course 1A in
English Literature or its equivalent: in German; the General Entrance
Examination.
The subjects taught in this School are: the history, grammar,
and etymology of the English language (including Old and Middle
English), and English literature from its beginning to the time of
Shakespeare; the German language and literature (including Gothic,
Old and Middle High German).
I. English.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1B: Course 1A in English Literature prerequisite.—Course 1B
in English is designed to lay a broad foundation for the intelligent study
of the language on both the historical (philological) and the literary side.
The opportunity is seized from the beginning to interest the student in the
history and etymology of current English words and phrases, to point him
by a general course of Anglo-Saxon (Old English) and Middle English to
the gradual evolution of Modern English as we have it now, and to furnish
him with ample material for the prosecution of further study and research.
A carefully graded series of texts and text-books will lead the student
from the language of Alfred through Chaucer and the Elizabethans to the
English of Victoria. Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 12-1, Cabell Hall:
Professor Harrison, Adjunct Professor Faulkner.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 2C: Course 1B prerequisite.—This course is a more specialized
form of Course 1B on the same general lines; a knowledge of Anglo-Saxon
is essential to its profitable prosecution. The historical study of the
language is pursued in greater detail; the student's attention is concentrated
on the history and origins of English; lectures on the Poetry and Life of
the Anglo-Saxons are given; Fourteenth Century English receives detailed
attention, and selected works of the Elizabethan period will be examined
and studied critically.
The effort will constantly be made to make these courses in the English
Language run parallel on the linguistic side with the courses in
English Literature, so that the two may profitably be taken together.
Adjunct Professor Faulkner.
For Graduates Only.
Course 3D, Course 4D: Course 2C prerequisite.—Courses 3D and
4D are open to students who desire to specialize in the subject of English,
and especially to those who select English as their major subject, or as the
primary minor subject for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. A general
statement only of their character can be given. English Literature of the
Old, Middle, and New English periods to the time of Shakespeare will be
exhaustively studied; English Philology, the foundations of which will
be laid in a thorough knowledge of Gothic, Old and Middle English, Old
and Middle High German, and Old French phonology and grammar, will
receive thorough treatment; general phonetics will be carefully studied;
and the principles of comparative grammar and syntax will be duly
explained.
The completion of either of these two courses will satisfy the requirements
for English as the primary minor for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy; the completion of both courses and the preparation of a
satisfactory dissertation will fulfil the requirements for English as the
major subject for the same degree.
In each course three hours a week (hours by appointment) is given
to lectures. In addition, the student is required to prepare, at stated
intervals, written seminary-papers, showing original research, and to attend
such other lectures and courses, in this or any other Academic School of
the University, as the Academic Faculty, on recommendation of the professor,
may deem necessary. Courses 3D and 4D were not given in
1907-1908.
The professor's large and choice collection of Anglo-Saxon, English,
German, and French philological works is open to the students in Courses
3D and 4D.
II. German.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1A: In this course the students begin with elementary grammar,
reading, and composition. About six hundred pages of German prose
are translated, and thirty pages of German in the form of weekly exercises
are written. One hour a week is given to conversation. Tuesday, Thursday,
Saturday, 1—2, Cabell Hall: Adjunct Professor Faulkner.
Course 2B: Course 1A (or its equivalent) prerequisite.—Course 2B
in German is designed to give the student a general knowledge and understanding
The grammar is studied, so far as it is necessary to acquire the ability to
read German rapidly, without translation, and to discuss, either in speech
or writing, the ordinary topics of every-day life and thought; written
translation of English into German, in the form of weekly exercises,
familiarize the student with grammatical analysis; daily dictation exercises
and daily discussion in German of various topics in connection with the
subject of the lecture, train the student's ear and tongue to familiarity with
spoken German; and appropriate texts in prose and poetry make him
acquainted with the history and literature of Modern Germany. Parallel
reading is required. Two sections: Monday, Wednesday, Friday, I, 10—11;
II, 1—2, Cabell Hall: Adjunct Professor Faulkner.
Course 3: Scientific German: Course 1A prerequisite.—Students
taking this course will, during the first term of the session, take the work
of Course 2B, outlined above. During the second and third terms Course
3 will continue the grammar, exercise, and dictation work with Course
2B, but will devote the two other hours per week to the reading and discussion
of various scientific monographs in German. Course 3 will not
be given unless there are twelve or more applicants for the work of the
course. Hours by appointment. Adjunct Professor Faulkner.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 4C: Course 2B prerequisite.—This course is a more specialized
continuation of Course 2B in German, on the same general lines. The
historical study of German is taken up; the masterpieces of German literature
are systematically studied in critical annotated texts; exercises continue
throughout the year; and the literature and life of Germany are
studied in some detail. Parallel reading is required, and one hour a week
is given to conversation. Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, 10—11; Professor
Harrison.
For Graduates Only.
Course 5D: Course 4C prerequisite.—German Literature since 1730,
critically studied according to periods. Intensive study of individual
authors and schools. Three hours a week (by appointment). The work
of this course is conducted entirely in German. Adjunct Professor
Faulkner.
Course 6D: Course 4C prerequisite.—Gothic, Old High German,
Middle High German. Three hours a week. Professor Harrison.
The completion of either Course 5D or Course 6D will satisfy
the requirements for German as the primary minor for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy; the completion of both courses, and the preparation
German as the major subject for the same degree.
In each of these courses three hours a week is given to lectures.
In addition the student is required to prepare, at stated intervals,
written seminary-papers showing original research, and to attend
such other lectures and courses, in this or any other Academic School
of the University, as the Academic Faculty, on recommendation of
the professor, may deem necessary. Courses 5D and 6D were not
given in 1907-1908.
Conversation Clubs.—An opportunity for practice in German conversation
is given to students who desire it in the conversation clubs
connected with the work of the school. These clubs are open to all
students of German in the University, and meet, under the direction
of the adjunct professor, one hour a week each. Attendance is voluntary,
and membership in each club is limited to twelve.
SCHOOL OF ROMANIC LANGUAGES.
Professor Wilson.
Adj. Prof. Dargan.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination.
French, Old French, Spanish, and Italian are taught in the School.
There are three courses in French, two courses in Spanish, one course
in Italian, and one course in Old French.
The requirements for the B. A. elective in group II, as restricted
to Romanic Languages, may be satisfied by a student completing the
two French courses or by his completing the two Spanish courses,
according as he shall choose. Either French or Italian may be
offered for the M. A. degree. The course in Old French is technical
and is intended to complement the doctorate work done at this University
in English and German Literature.
French.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1A: Beginners may take this course. Elementary grammar
is reviewed; the irregular verb is considered at length; intermediary texts
are read; stress is laid upon pronunciation; exercises in dictation and in
composition occupy one-third of the time throughout the year. Books,
first term: Fraser and Squair's Grammar; L'Evasion du Duc de Beaufort.
Adjunct Professor Dargan.
Course 2B: Course 1A prerequisite, or its equivalent.—The novel,
drama, and lyric of the Nineteenth Century are touched upon; the subjunctive
mood is studied; oral exercises are used; the history of French
Literature is examined. Books, first term: Gasc's Dictionary; Fraser and
Squair's Grammar; Saintsbury's History of French Literature; Dumas'
Monte-Cristo; Gautier's Jettatura. Professor Wilson.
Course 3C: Course 1A and 2B prerequisite.—Forty lectures are devoted
to the interpretation of Modern French prose; twenty lectures to
defining the tendencies of Modern French fiction; and forty lectures to
an appreciation of France's place in civilization. Books, first term: Nodier,
Contes; Hugo, Notre-Dame de Paris; Sand, Indiana; Pellissier, Le
mouvement littéraire du XIXe Siécle; Foncin, Le Pays de France. Professor
Wilson, Adjunct Professor Dargan.
Spanish.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1A: This is a beginner's course, offered to those students
who desire to undertake the study of the language, either from a cultural
or a practical standpoint. A survey of the main feature of the grammar,
composition, and the reading of modern texts constitute the course. Dictation
and other oral exercises will further the student's knowledge of colloquial
Spanish. Text-books, first term: Hill's and Ford's Grammar;
Carrión and Vital Aza, Zaragüeta. Adjunct Professor Dargan.
Course 2B: Course 1A (or its equivalent) prerequisite.—The lyric,
drama, and novel of modern Spain are read and discussed. The grammar
in use will be completed, and the verb will be made the subject of special
study. Composition and dictation will occupy one-third of the time. The
conversational method will be employed, as far as practicable. The history
of Spanish Literature will be studied. Text-books, first term: Hill's and
Ford's Grammar; Appleton's Dictionary; Taboada, Cuentos Alegres;
Pereda, Pedro Sánchez. Adjunct Professor Dargan.
Italian.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 3C: French 1A and 2B or Spanish 1A and 2B prerequisite.—
One course is offered, for which no previous knowledge of Italian is required.
Students are advanced rapidly through an elementary grammar,
and then through a series of graded texts to the point where Modern
Italian is read with ease. Several of the more important monuments of
the Nineteenth Century are read and discussed, after which the attention
of Italian Literature is studied, and also that of the Renaissance. Textbooks,
first term: Grandgent's Grammar; Edgren's Dictionary; Amicis,
Alberto; Barrili, Una Notte Bizzarra. Professor Wilson.
Old French.
For Graduates Only.
Course 4D: This course is intended to complement the doctorate
work done at this University in English and German Literature and at the
same time constitute a basis of advanced instruction for men aspiring to
Romance scholarship. The course is open to students who have completed
the French, Spanish, and Italian courses at this University, or the
equivalent elsewhere.
Lectures and class-work incident to the course are conducted in
French. Important monuments of Old French are translated into the
modern idiom, and the syntax and literary tendencies of different periods
are contrasted. Professor Wilson.
SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS.
Professor Echols.
Professor Page.
Dr. Stone.
Mr. Luck.
Mr. Michie.
Mr. Givens.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The four
blocks set in Mathematics at the General Entrance Examinations.
In this School as at present organized there are eight courses.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1A: Admission to the School prerequisite. This class meets
three times a week, and devotes about three months to each of the three
subjects—Geometry, Trigonometry, and Algebra.
In Geometry the work begins with the solution of numerous
original exercises in Plane Geometry, and proceeds through Solid
Geometry with constant drill in original exercises.
In Trigonometry, a complete course in Plane and Spherical Trigonometry
is pursued with constant drill in the solution of problems, and
exercises in the use of logarithms.
In Algebra, the work begins with the Progressions and proceeds
with the study of the Binomial Formula, Convergence and Divergence
of Series, with special study of the Binomial, Exponential, and Logarithmic
for the Theory of Equations with which the course is closed.
In addition to the regular examinations held during the session, there
will be held a special examination on the work of Course 1A on the first
day of each session, to which any student registered in the School of Mathematics
will be admitted. To a student successfully passing this examination
will be given a certificate of proficiency in the work required in Course
1A. Professor Page.
Text-Books.—Venable, Legendre's Geometry, with Exercises; Loney, Trigonometry,
Part I; Murray, Spherical Trigonometry; Charles Smith, Treatise on Algebra.
Course 2B: Course 1A prerequisite.—The class devotes three months
to Analytical Geometry and six months to the Differential and Integral
Calculus.
In Analytical Geometry, the Cartesian method of representing a function
by points, lines, and surfaces is considered, and a special study of the
conic sections is made. In three dimensions, as far as the time permits,
the straight line, the plane and the conicoids are introduced and discussed.
In the Calculus a careful study of the functions of one variable is
made, and is followed by the study of functions of two and three variables
as far as the time allows.
In this class both the educational and the practical value of the topics
considered, as well as their importance with regard to all further work in
mathematics, are clearly brought to view. Constant drill at the board and
frequent examination and repetition of principles are insisted on. Professor
Echols.
Text-Books.—Charles Smith, Conic Sections; Notes on Analytical Geometry of
Three Dimensions; Echols, Differential and Integral Calculus.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 3C: Course 2B prerequisite.—This course begins with the
study of Analytical Geometry of Three Dimensions. The Differential and
Integral Calculus is taken up, at the point left off in Course 2B, and is
systematically studied along broad lines. A course of parallel reading on
the History of Mathematics is assigned and an examination held in this
subject. The course closes with the study of Ordinary Differential Equations.
Professor Echols.
For Graduates Only.
Text-Books.—Charles Smith, Solid Geometry; Echols, Differential and Integral
Calculus; Williamson, Differential Calculus; Williamson, Integral Calculus; Murray,
Differential Equations; Cajori, History of Mathematics.
The candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, who chooses
Mathematics for his major subject, is required to complete the work of
the five following courses, as well as that of Course 3C, and to present a
dissertation which shall be acceptable to the Faculty.
Course 4D: A Course in Geometry: Course 3C prerequisite.—An
advanced course in analytic geometry, in homogeneous, tangential and
radial coördinates, with applications to kinematics and the theory of
homogeneous displacement. A study is made of the foundations on which
Geometry is based after the methods of Hilbert, Lobatschewsky, Riemann,
etc. Professor Echols.
Course 5D: A Course in Differential Geometry: Course 3C prerequisite.—In
this the year will be devoted to a course in the Applications of
the Differential and Integral Calculus to Geometry, with special reference
to the theory of the General Space Curve, the Surface, and the Surface
Curve. Professor Page.
Course 6D: A Course in the Theory of Continuous Groups:
Course 3C prerequisite.—In this will be presented an outline of the General
Theory of Continuous Groups of point and contact transformations. Numerous
application to Geometry and Differential Equations will be adduced.
Professor Page.
Course 7D: A Course in Differential Equations: Course 3C prerequisite.—In
this there will be presented a course in Ordinary and Partial
Differential Equations. In the discussion of the Ordinary Differential
Equation particular attention is paid to the theory of integration of such
equations as admit of a known Transformation Group, and the classic
methods of integration are compared with those which flow from the
Theory of Continuous Groups. A similar method is adopted in the study
of the Linear Partial Differential Equation of the First Order. As far as the
time admits, the theories of integration of the Complete System, as well as
those of the General Partial Differential Equation of the First and Second
Orders, will be discussed. Professor Page.
[Not more than two of the Courses 5D, 6D, 7D, are offered in one
session.]
Course 8D: A Course in the Theory of Functions: Course 3C
prerequisite.—In this class is offered to advanced students a course in
Mathematical Analysis. The treatment of the subject is arranged under
three heads, as follows:
The design of the numbers of analysis and the laws of the operations
to which they are subject are studied after the methods of Dedekind and
Tannery, Cantor and Weierstrass, as introductory to the study of functions.
The study of the Theory of Functions of a Real Variable, including
series, products, and continued fractions.
The General Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable is studied
after the methods of Cauchy, Riemann, and Weierstrass.
A special study is made of the series of Taylor and of Fourier. Professor
Echols.
The work in Courses 4D, 5D, 6D, 7D and 8D is carried on by means
of lectures, notes, and the systematic reading of the standard authors in
texts and in journals.
SCHOOL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS.
Professor Thornton.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination, and Course 1A in the School of Mathematics
or its equivalent constitute the minimum of training needed
for entrance on the work below.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1B: General Mechanics: Mathematics 1A prerequisite.—
This course, which comprises the work in Mechanics for the B. A. elective,
is of a fundamental character. Elementary mathematical methods are
employed, but no student is prepared to begin it who has not acquired a
sound working knowledge of Algebra, Geometry, and Plane Trigonometry,
with the rudiments of Analytical Geometry: Course 2B in Pure Mathematics
must also be taken parallel with this course, unless the student
already possesses a fair knowledge of the Infinitesimal Calculus. The work
is distributed over the three terms of the session, as follows:
First Term—General Introduction to Mechanics.
Second Term—Statics, graphical and analytical.
Third Term—Elementary Hydrostatics.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 2C: Analytical Mechanics: Mathematics 2B and Course
1B prerequisite.—This course embraces the work in Mechanics for the
M. A. elective. The distribution of the work over the three terms of the
session is as follows:
First Term—Dynamics of a Particle.
Second Term—Statics, and Plane Kinematics.
Third Term—Dynamics of a Rigid Body.
For Graduates Only.
Course 3D: Mixed Mathematics: Mathematics 3C and Course 2C
prerequisite.—This course represents graduate work for the Ph. D. degree.
equivalent preparation will be admitted to it. The course in Analytical
Mechanics is a necessary preliminary. The work is distributed as follows,
and is given mainly by lectures:
A. Theory of Attraction and the Potential.
B. General Principles of Theoretical Dynamics.
C. Dynamics of Material Systems.
D. Theory of Elasticity.
E. Hydrodynamics.
F. Higher Geodesy.
The six courses are intended to cover two years of graduate work.
SCHOOL OF PRACTICAL ASTRONOMY.
Professor Stone.
Mr. Olivier.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination, and Course 1A in the School of Mathematics
or its equivalent.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1B: General Astronomy: Mathematics 1A prerequisite.—
The primary aim of this course is to give such a knowledge of the facts,
principles, and methods of Astronomy as every well-educated person should
possess.
The instruction is given by oral examinations, by lectures, and by the
assignment of problems. The mental discipline of the student is kept
constantly in view, and an earnest effort is made to create a habit of clear
and logical thinking.
Text-Book.—Young's General Astronomy.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 2C: Celestial Mechanics: Course 1B and Mathematics 2B
(or its equivalent) prerequisite.—The principal subjects considered are
rectilinear motion, central forces, potential, problems of two, three and n
bodies, perturbations, determination of a preliminary orbit.
Course 3C: Practical Astronomy: Course 1B and Mathematics 2B
(or its equivalent) prerequisite.—Spherical Astronomy and theory of
astronomical instruments, with practical exercises in making and reducing
astronomical observations.
For Graduates Only.
Course 4D: Celestial Mechanics: Course 2C prerequisite.—Problem
of three bodies, and theory of perturbations.
Course 5D: Lunar Theory: Course 2C prerequisite.
Course 6D: Recent Advances in Celestial Mechanics: Course 4D
prerequisite.—Researches of Hill, Newcomb, Guldin, Poincaré, and others.
Course 7D: Advanced Spherical Astronomy: Course 3C prerequisite.—Determination
of the positions of the fixed stars, preparation of
star catalogues, statistical study of the structure of the sidereal universe.
For information in regard to Fellowships in Astronomy application
should be made to the Professor in charge of the School.
The Astronomical Observatory is situated upon an elevation known
as Mount Jefferson, which furnishes an unobstructed horizon. The principal
building is a rotunda forty-five feet in diameter, and contains the
great Clark refractor of twenty-six inches aperture. The building and
instrument are the gift of Leander J. McCormick, Esq., of Chicago. The
computing rooms are adjoining, and contain clock, chronograph, etc., and
a working library. In a smaller building are a three-inch Fauth transit
and a four-inch Kahler equatorial.
A temporary Students' Observatory has been recently erected in the
rear of Dawson's Row, and is intended more especially for the use of
students in Course 1B.
SCHOOL OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
Adj. Prof. Hoxton.
Mr. Clo.
Mr. Butler.
Mr. Reeves.
Mr. West.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: See p. 78.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1B: Experimental Physics.—This course is intended to
include Elementary Mechanics, Sound, Light, Heat, Electricity and Magnetism.
Instruction is given by lectures and text-books, with illustrative
experiments and numerical problems. The student is expected to spend
from five to six hours a week in the laboratory, performing simple quantitative
experiments, of which written reports are to be submitted.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 2C: Electricity and Magnetism: Course 1B and Mathematics
2B prerequisite.—The elements of the mathematical theory are
developed, making free use of the methods of the calculus, beginning,
however, with fundamental principles the subject. Laboratory work more
advanced than that in Course 1B will be required, occupying the student
from four to six hours a week, and aiming at the more exact measurement
of the chief physical quantities here dealt with.
Course 3C: Optics: Course 1B and Mathematics 2B prerequisite.—
The same general remarks apply to this as to Course 2C.
The Rouss Physical Laboratory.
This building is now completed and occupied. The equipment is such
as to offer unusual facilities in several directions for both elementary and
advanced practical work. The working rooms are remarkable for stability,
light, and uniformity of temperature. Electricity, gas, and water, as well
as steam heat, are supplied to each of them. The structure was specially
designed to meet the requirements of Practical Physics, and is convenient
within, while it is sightly without.
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY.
Professor Mallet.
Mr. Sloan.
Dr. Byrnes.
Mr. Kyle.
Professor Bird.
Mr. Harris.
Mr. Mackall.
Mr. Gooch.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination.
In this School the following courses are offered:
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1B: General Chemistry.—Three terms, Lectures Monday,
Wednesday and Friday, 11 to 12. Laboratory six hours a week (see
schedule of studies for hours the different sections meet.) The fundamental
principles and phenomena of inorganic, organic and physical
chemistry are discussed, and the foundation of qualitative analysis are
taken up at appropriate places throughout the course. No previous
study of chemistry is demanded. Professor Bird.
Text-Books.—Remsen's College Chemistry, and Alexander Smith's General Chemistry.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 2C: Industrial Chemistry.—Professor Mallet. This course
is concerned with the applications of chemistry to the purposes of human
life. It examines in detail the chemical principles and processes specially
involved in the more important arts and manufactures.
Text-Books.—F. H. Thorp's Outlines of Industrial Chemistry; Huntington &
McMillan's Metals, their Properties and Treatment. Recommended for reference:
Richardson and Watt's Chemical Technology; T. E. Thorpe's Dictionary of Applied
Chemistry; Girardin's Leçons de Chimie Elémentaire appliquée aux Arts Industriels;
W. E. Roberts-Austen's Introduction to the Study of Metallurgy; Sadtler's HandBook
of Industrial Organic Chemistry, etc.
The collections of the University in illustration of the processes and
products of Industrial Chemistry have been procured at much expense
extensive and good; among the best on this side of the Atlantic.
In both courses there are one or more reviews each week of the
subjects under discussion, involving questions put by, as well as to, the
students; and exercises in writing are given out to afford practice in the
calculations which are needed by the chemist.
Course 3C: Organic Chemistry: Laboratory course. Professor
Bird. Three terms; six hours a week. The principal reactions and properties
of the different classes of compounds of carbon are studied experimentally
and the more important compounds are prepared. Two terms
of this course are taken by medical students during their first year.
Course 1B or its equivalent is a prerequisite.
Text-Book.—Remsen's Organic Chemistry.
For Graduates Only.
For admission to a Ph. D. course in the School of Chemistry 3C and
4D, the previous completion of Course 1 and Course 2C in Analytical
Chemistry, will be required; but this part of the requirement may be
waived, provided satisfactory evidence be furnished that the student has
already made equivalent attainment elsewhere.
Laboratory work will be applied to subjects involving original investigation.
It is desirable that the student shall, himself, as far as possible,
select subjects for investigation, but when he cannot do so, suitable questions
will be presented to him, and he will be encouraged to work them out
for himself, with only such aid and guidance as may prove to be indispensable.
Advanced reading may also be prescribed, especially in the
shape of the literature of particular topics, to be looked up from various
sources and condensed by the student.
Course 4D: Theoretical and Organic Chemistry.—Professor Mallet.
In this course a more advanced study is made of general chemical
theory and a detailed discussion of the compounds of carbon.
Text-Books.—Syllabus of the Professor's Lectures; Bernthsen's Organic Chemistry,
translated by G. McGowan. Recommended for reference: Roscoe and Schorlemmer's
Elements of Chemistry; Lothar Meyer's Outlines of Theoretical Chemistry
(English translation); Watt's Dictionary of Chemistry; Ernst von Meyer's History
of Chemistry.
Course 5D: Advanced Inorganic Chemistry: Laboratory course.
Professor Bird. Three terms; nine hours a week. The classes of inorganic
compounds and their principal reactions are studied experimentally,
especially those upon which Analytical Chemistry is based. This is followed
by the preparation of a number of inorganic compounds. Course
1B or its equivalent is a prerequisite.
Text-Book.—Volhard and Zimmermann's Manual, Renouf's translation.
SCHOOL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY.
Professor Dunnington.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination. The regular work of this School, constituting
a complete course in Practical Chemistry, is divided into
two courses, as follows:
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1: This course consists of three lessons a week throughout
the session, after each of which the students spend three or four hours
in practical experiments in the Laboratory. A course in Chemical manipulation
is first given, then Blowpipe Analysis, Fire Assaying of Ores of
Lead, Gold, and Silver, and a systematic course in Inorganic Qualitative
Analysis, followed by practice in analysis of salts, alloys, and ores, determination
of minerals and the examination of potable water, coal, limestone,
clay, and so on, together with some simpler quantitative determinations.
Weekly written exercises are required.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 2C: The work of the second course is also given in three
lessons a week throughout the session, each being followed by four hours
or more of practical laboratory work. This course is primarily one in
Quantitative Analysis. After some training in manipulation and gravimetric
estimations, the class pursues volumetric estimations and a full
course in Quantitative Analysis of minerals, ores, coal, soil, iron and steel,
technical products, and so on. Weekly written exercises are required. As
the student advances in the course he is encouraged to undertake original
research and assist in its prosecution; and in determining his fitness for
graduation, work of this kind is considered as having much weight.
The Laboratory is open to students six days in the week, during all
the working hours of the day.
Students may register either for the first course, or for both courses at
the same time; candidates for the M. A. elective are required to complete
both courses. Those who accomplish this are prepared for work as
Analytical Chemists, Assayers, Druggists, or Teachers of Chemistry.
Among the works recommended to laboratory students are: Fresenius's Qualitative
and Quantitative Analysis, A. I. Cohn; Olsen's Quantitative Chemical Analysis;
Venable's Qualitative Analysis (3d ed.); Greville William's Hand-Book of Chemical
Manipulation; Woehler's Examples for Practice in Chemical Analysis; Foye's HandBook
of Mineralogy.
A course of lectures in Agricultural Chemistry is given in this
School (see p. 222).
For Graduates Only.
The graduate course is designed for those seeking the degree of Ph.
D., and also for such students as desire to increase the range of their
experience as analysts, and to cultivate their powers of original investigation.
It is required of those who enter this course that they shall have previously
completed Courses 1 and 2C, in this School, and Courses 1B, 2C,
3C, and 4D in that of General Chemistry, or that they shall have previously
made equivalent attainments elsewhere.
Laboratory work will be conducted daily, and suggestions and due
assistance will be given in its prosecution.
While the work is adapted to the special aims or tastes of each student,
it will in all cases comprise some practice in the more elaborate
processes of analysis, ultimate and proximate organic analysis, some study
in analytical methods and some original problems, also the reading and
the summarizing of extracts from current journals, and, for all who are
seeking the degree of Ph. D., a dissertation embodying the results of some
original research.
The Chemical Laboratory is a building planned and erected for
the purpose. It is warmed throughout by hot water, completely fitted with
the most approved appliances, and stocked with apparatus, models, materials,
and specimens. The commodious lecture-room, with work and storeroom
attached, is provided with every convenience for exhibiting a complete
series of experiments illustrating the lectures on General Chemistry.
The Analytical Laboratory will accommodate forty working students, and
is furnished with work-tables, gas, water, and all proper laboratory fixtures;
smaller rooms are devoted to weighing, evaporations, assaying,
etc., and all requisite apparatus, chemicals, minerals, materials for analysis,
etc., are kept constantly supplied by home purchases and importation.
MILLER SCHOOL OF BIOLOGY.
Professor Tuttle.
Mr. Kepner.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination.
The work of this school is designed to meet the wants of students
who desire such knowledge of the principles of Biology and of the methods
of biological research as should properly form part of a liberal education,
or who desire such training as will fit them for independent work as
students or as teachers in that department of knowledge, or for other
professional work therein; and of those who seek such acquaintance with
the facts and laws of Biology as will prepare them for entrance upon the
biological sciences to the art of Agriculture as described in another portion
of this catalogue (p. 222).
Each student who enters upon the work of either of the courses
described below is required to provide himself with a section razor, a
good pocket magnifier, a small case of dissecting instruments, and a notebook
of approved pattern. All other necessary apparatus, reagents, etc.,
are furnished by the laboratory. There is a laboratory fee for materials
consumed in connection with the work of each of the courses.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1B: General Biology.—This course is intended to serve (as
far as the work of a single course may) as an introduction to all of the
biological sciences, including those fundamental to the profession of
Medicine. Its pursuit is intended to make the student familiar with the
laboratory method of study, and at the same time to impart to him some
direct knowledge of the most readily discernible facts of structure and
laws of function in living things, as seen in a series of representative
plants and animals. In it he is made acquainted with the use of the microscope,
with the simpler and more frequently used processes of biological
technic, and with the principles of physiological experimentation; and with
these aids is taught to observe, to record the results of his observations,
and to draw conclusions therefrom. Through it he is led to discern the
fundamental activities and the corresponding essentials of organization
characteristic of all living beings, as distinguished from inanimate objects;
as well as the important differences which distinguish plants from animals.
By it he is thus prepared for the intelligent (and in some measure for the
independent) study of either of the great divisions of the organic world;
for the consideration of the important economic relations of living organisms,
both plant and animal; or for the detailed and specific study of the
structure and functions of the human body.
This course is offered yearly; it, or an accepted equivalent course
successfully pursued elsewhere, is required for admission to the Department
of Medicine, or to the pursuit of the courses which follow. The
work of the course consists of three lectures and three laboratory exercises
a week.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 2C: Botany and Plant Morphology: Course 1B prerequisite.
—The course in structural and systematic Botany is largely devoted to the
study of the anatomy and histology of representatives of the principal
divisions of the vegetable kingdom, and to their comparative morphology,
beginning with the lowest and passing to the highest plants; as far as possible,
concluding portion of the course is devoted to the specific study of the
classification and distribution of the higher plants; and of the local flora,
particularly in its ecological relations.
Course 3C: Invertebrate Zoölogy and Morphology: Course 1B
prerequisite.—In this course a study is made of a series of forms representative
of the principal groups of the invertebrate division of the animal
kingdom, their anatomy, histology, and, as far as practicable, their embryology
being studied. The practical work of the laboratory is supplemented
by lectures upon the organization and life-history of the forms examined,
and that of allied forms, and upon their relations as thereby indicated.
One or more of the leading groups is discussed and studied somewhat in
detail in such a manner as to illustrate the principles and the meaning of
zoölogical classification as based upon structure and development.
Course 4C: Vertebrate Zoölogy and Morphology: Courses 1B and
3C prerequisite.—The work of the course begins with a study of the elements
of Vertebrate Embryology: this is followed by the detailed comparative
study of the structure and development of one or more systems
of organs as existing in the vertebrates and in those forms which may be
regarded as phylogenetically most nearly related to the vertebrate stock.
The work of the laboratory is accompanied by illustrative lectures, and by
a discussion of the classification of the vertebrates and their distribution
both in space and in time.
The work of each of the three courses just described will consist of
two laboratory exercises per week, with the accompanying lectures; and
a third lecture period, at a convenient hour, when the three classes will
meet in one body: this weekly period will be devoted to the discussion of
questions common to all three lines of study.
The completion of the work thus outlined will satisfy the requirements
for students who offer either of these courses as an elective at large for the
degree of Bachelor of Arts. Students who offer either of these courses
as an elective for the degree of Master of Arts will be required to perform
independently (upon subjects individually assigned) additional work in
amount about equal to a third laboratory period per week.
Course 2C will be given yearly: Courses 3C and 4C are offered yearly,
but either may be withdrawn at the beginning of the session if not elected
by at least four students.
For Graduates Only.
Course 5D: Cytology and Comparative Histology: Course 1B
prerequisite: Course 2C, 3C or 4C must also be taken as a preceding
course.—This course begins with a study of the phenomena of cell organization
study of the elements of structure and their embryological development
in the lower and the higher animals, or in a similar series of
plant forms; the work of each student is individually assigned in great
measure. It includes practice in the more advanced methods of technic,
and a critical discussion of the microscope and its intelligent use, as
means to the ends in view. It is accompanied by the consideration of the
fundamental laws of General Biology as founded upon cytological study.
CORCORAN SCHOOL OF NATURAL HISTORY AND GEOLOGY.
Professor Fontaine.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination. In this School two subjects are taught,
Geology and Descriptive Mineralogy. There are two courses, as
follows:
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1B: Three lectures a week will be given throughout the
session. The design of the course is to enable the student to obtain
such a knowledge of the science of Geology as should be possessed
by a well-educated man. As full an exposition of the fundamental
principles will be given as the time will allow.
Text-Books.—Le Conte's Elements of Geology, and Notes of the Professor's
lectures.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 2C: Course 1B prerequisite.—This course consists of two
divisions, one in Mineralogy, the other in Geology.
Mineralogy.—The course in Mineralogy closes in February.
Three lectures a week are given in it. In this course attention is
paid to crystallography, and especially to the physical properties of
minerals. In Descriptive Mineralogy the relations, geological occurrence,
and history of the individual species are made prominent.
Text-Books.—Dana's Manual of Mineralogy and Petrology. The instruction
will be in part by lectures.
Geology.—This division of the course begins after the completion
of Mineralogy in February. The more general and complicated
problems in all the branches of Geology will be dealt with in this
course. As thorough a treatment as possible will be given of Stratigraphy,
Lithology, and Paleontology. More stress will be laid on the
The aim will be to give such a knowledge of the subject as may be
useful to the student in bread-winning pursuits, or may serve as a
basis for the more specialized course required for the attainment
of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
Text-Book.—Chamberlin and Salisbury's Geology in part. For reference: Geikie's
Text-Book of Geology. The instruction will be in part by lectures.
For Graduates Only.
The advanced course in this School is intended to give the student
as large a stock of useful information as possible, to teach him
methods of investigation, and to train him in habits of observation.
Original research will be insisted on, and opportunity will be given
for the student to concentrate his efforts in some line of special study.
Topics for study will be taken from both of the subjects taught
in this School. The abundant material in the Lewis Brooks Museum,
mentioned below, gives unusual facilities for the pursuit of graduate
work.
Course 3D: Descriptive Mineralogy.—The course of Mineralogy
is so selected as to give the student a good knowledge of as wide a
range of the principles as possible, and at the same time to cause
him to acquire a practical knowledge of the various mineral species.
In the practical study, the more common minerals, and those of more
importance from an economic and geologic point of view, will have
preference. A practical knowledge of the crystal forms and of the
characteristic groupings and massive forms of minerals, will be required.
Special attention will be paid to the relations of minerals,
their association in nature, and their geological occurrence. The
student will be trained to determine minerals, as far as possible, by
their obvious characteristics, without the help of tests, and practical
examinations will be held, from time to time, to test his skill. One
or more theses will be required.
Dana's Text-Book of Mineralogy, and Weisbach's Mineral Tables will be used;
and topics from various authors will be assigned for study in special cases.
Course 4D: Geology.—In Geology the aim will be to fit the student
for independent and original research. He will study as thoroughly
as possible the broader problems of the science, involving
the knowledge of stratigraphical principles. Special attention will be
given to imparting a practical knowledge of the various rocks, and of
the animal and plant fossils of the different eras, with the view of
using them in determining unknown formations. Stress will be laid
upon field work, and the methods of determining and describing the
geology of new regions. To impart such knowledge, the student will
his results. Topics involving a knowledge of the literature and
growth of opinion in relation to particular questions may be assigned
to form the subject of theses.
Chamberlin and Salisbury's Geology will be used as a text-book, and selected
books of other authors will be used when necessary.
The Lewis Brooks Museum contains collections illustrating the
main subdivisions of Natural History. Each of the collections is arranged
so as to exemplify the principles of the science, and at the
same time offers a large variety of subjects for advanced study. In
Geology the specimens show all the different kinds of rocks, classified
according to mineral character and the formation in which they
occur; the collection of fossils, plaster casts, maps, etc., is exceptionally
fine, and fully illustrates Historical Geology. In Mineralogy the
principles of the science are made plain by well-chosen suits of specimens,
models of crystals, etc. The general collection of minerals
contains all the important minerals, and many of the rarer ones, in
good specimens. Zoölogy is well illustrated by a fine and large
collection of mounted skeletons, stuffed animals, dried specimens,
plaster casts, etc. In Botany the collections contain charts, papiermaché
models of flowers and fruits, sections of wood, etc.: the bulk
of the collection is in the form of an herbarium, selected from the
most important and interesting botanical regions of the world. In
addition to the above, a beginning has been made of a collection to
illustrate the geology and mineralogy of the State of Virginia, and
this will be increased as rapidly as possible.
These large and carefully selected collections of geological and
mineralogical objects afford unsurpassed facilities for the full illustration
of the principles taught. As free access to these collections
is allowed the student, he can find in their study an opportunity,
rarely obtained, for gaining a practical acquaintance with natural
objects acquired from various parts of the world, and chosen for
their typical character. These collections are especially useful to
students pursuing advanced work in Geology and Mineralogy.
WILLIAM BARTON ROGERS SCHOOL OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGY.
Professor Watson.
Mr. Watkins.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination, and the equivalent of one year's work
each in General Chemistry and General Physics.
There are four courses in this School as organized at present.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1B: General Geology.—A course of three (3) lectures per
week and nine (9) additional hours per week for laboratory and
field work, and private study, throughout the year. The divisions of
Dynamical, Structural, and Physiographical Geology are covered in
considerable detail. Special emphasis is given the common rock-forming
minerals and rocks, building stones and ores.
For Graduates and Undergraduates.
Course 2C: General Economic Geology.—Course 1B (or its equivalent)
prerequisite.—This course is designed to give a general but comprehensive
account of the origin, nature, distribution and uses of the metallic
and non-metallic products, with especial reference to those of the United
States. Lectures, collateral reading, laboratory and field work to the
amount of twelve (12) hours per week throughout the year.
For Graduates Only.
Course 3D: Advanced Economic Geology.—Lectures, laboratory
and field work, reading, reports and theses. Primarily for graduates.
Open to those students who have had Course 2C or its equivalent.
This course is designed to supplement Course 2C by giving advanced
students an opportunity to follow out more thoroughly special topics
in mining geology. The course will necessarily vary with the needs
of the individual student.
Course 4D: Economic Geology of the Southern Appalachians.—
Designed primarily for graduates. Open to those students who have
had Course 2C or its equivalent. In this course the mining geology
of the region, especially that of Virginia, is covered in considerable
detail. Excursions to various parts of the region will be taken and
individual reports required. Original investigation of an assigned
area, based upon field work, is required of each student.
CORCORAN SCHOOL OF HISTORY.
Professor Dabney.
Dr. Wayland.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination, and an examination for classification in
History, covering the history of Greece and Rome, the history of
Mediaeval and Modern Europe, English history, and American history
and government. The examination for classification may be waived if
the applicant (a) is twenty years of age at the beginning of the academic
other subjects at this University; or (c) can convince the Professor
either by a certificate from a reputable school or college, or otherwise,
that his historical knowledge and mental discipline are adequate. The
following courses are offered:
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1B: General History.—In this course great stress is laid
upon the unity and continuity of History, although special attention
is given to those events and periods that have markedly determined
the course of historical evolution.
Text-Books.—Dow's Atlas of European History; Capes' Age of the Antonines;
Thatcher's and Schwill's Europe in the Middle Age; Thatcher's and McNeal's Source
Book for Mediæval History; Myers's The Modern Age; Seebohm's Era of the Protestant
Revolution; Gardiner's Thirty Years' War; Longman's Frederick the Great and
the Seven Years' War; Dabney's Causes of the French Revolution; Morris's French
Revolution and First Empire.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 2C: English and American History: Course 1B prerequisite.—In
this higher course the principles taught in the course preceding
will be applied to a more special field; and, in order that the students may
be encouraged to exercise independent thought and judgment, they will be
required to write essays or make reports on particular topics.
Text-Books.—Oman's History of England; Lee's Source Book of English History;
Gardiner's Atlas of English History; Lky's American Revolution (edited by Woodburn);
Walker's Making of the Nation; Burgess's Middle Period; Powell's Nullification
and Secession in the United States; Dodge's Bird's-Eye View of our Civil War;
Curry's Southern States of the American Union; Hart's Epoch Maps Illustrating
American History.
For Graduates Only.
Course 3D: Courses 1B and 2C prerequisite, or their equivalent.—
Intellectual, Moral, Religious, and Social Development of Europe.—The
course will begin with a study of the principles of historical method based
upon the "Introduction to the Study of History" by Langlois and Seignobos;
and these principles will then be applied to the critical examination
of a number of works by such authors as Buckle, Lecky, Draper, Guizot,
Andrew D. White, Bryce, and others. Required, together with Courses
1B and 2C, of students selecting History as primary minor subject for
the Ph. D. degree. Offered for 1908-'09.
Course 4D: Courses 1B and 2C prerequisite, or their equivalent.—
History of the Reconstruction of the Southern States. Required, together
subject for the Ph. D. degree, or, together with Courses 1B and 2C,
of those selecting it as primary minor. Not offered in 1908-'09.
SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS.
Professor Page (Thomas Walker).
Mr. Hipp.
Students are advised not to take the work in Economics before
their second year in college.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1B: The Principles of Economics.—A survey of the principles
of economics in the first and second terms is followed in the
third term by a study of the bearing of these principles upon present
American conditions. Instruction will be given by lectures, assigned
readings, reports, and discussions.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 2C: The Growth of American Industry and Commerce.
—This course attempts to show how American experience illustrates
economic principles, and how American social and political development
has been influenced by economic conditions. The work is mainly
topical, and the topics receiving chief emphasis vary from year to year.
For Graduates Only.
Course 3D: A Course of Research.—In this course competent
students are guided in the intensive and methodical investigation of
selected topics and the results are presented for discussion.
LINDEN KENT MEMORIAL
SCHOOL OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.
Professor Kent.
Mr. Whipple.
Mr. Arnold.
Mr. Leighton.
Mr. Towles.
Mr. Ryburn.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The examination
for admission to Course 1A requires a knowledge of the principles
of English grammar, elementary rhetoric and composition; the
history of English and American literature, and specimens of literature
critically studied under the guidance of a competent instructor. The presentation
exempt the candidate from examination.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1A: The Entrance Examination (or its equivalent) prerequisite.—This
course is designed to meet the needs of students preparing
directly for professional studies and of others whose training is inadequate
for Course 2B.
I. Composition and Rhetoric, with special reference to the structure
of sentences and paragraphs, composition of letters, business papers, etc.,
and practice in the forms of discourse. Text-books: To be announced.
II. History of American Literature. This course is based upon the
text-book, but the text will be amplified and explained by comment and
discussion. Text-book: Abernethy's American Literature; Assigned Readings.
Or History of English Literature. Text-book: Halleck's History
of English Literature; Assigned Reading.
III. The Study of Poetry. This course is restricted to a study of
common verse forms, with practical exhibition of their uses. Textbooks:
To be announced.
Frequent exercises on the black-board and in writing will be required,
and parallel reading to the amount of three hundred pages each term will
be assigned.
Course 2B: Course 1A (or its equivalent) prerequisite.
I. Review of Rhetoric; and Nineteenth Century Prose. Text-books:
To be assigned.
II. Shakespeare: A brief study of his Life and Times, with special
study of four plays. Text-books: Jenks, In the Days of Shakespeare;
King John; Twelfth Night; Othello; and The Tempest (Arden Series).
III. American Prose and Poetry.
IV. English Poetry, with review and practice of poetic forms. Textbooks:
Gayley and Young's Principles and Progress of English Poetry;
and Professor's Notes on Poetics.
V. General Review of English Literature. Text-book: Moody and
Lovett's English Literature.
About twelve hundred pages of parallel reading will be assigned during
the session. There will be about twenty written exercises, and three
required essays on literary topics.
Course 3B: Course 1A (or its equivalent) prerequisite.—Either
Course 2B or Course 3B may be offered as the elective from Group
III, and the other may be offered as an elective at large.
I. Literary Style. This covers Diction, Sentence, and Paragraph,
with a general discussion of the art of composition. Text-books: Genung's
Working Principles of Rhetoric.
II. Description, with specimens of descriptive writing in prose and
poetry. Text-books: Genung's Rhetoric, with Selected Specimens.
III. Narration, with special study of the Short Story and the History
of Fiction. Text-books: Genung's Rhetoric; Specimens of American
Short Story.
IV. Exposition, with special study of literary criticism. Genung's
Rhetoric, Winchester's Literary Criticism.
V. Argumentation, with special study of Debate. Genung's Rhetoric,
Baker's Principles of Argumentation (1904).
VI. Oratory and Forms of Spoken Discourse. Genung's Rhetoric,
Robinson's Forensic Oratory.
VII. Poetry, with discussion of Versification, Types of Poetry,
Chronological Use of Certain Forms, etc. Text-books: Professor's Notes:
and Page's Nineteenth Century Poetry.
About nine hundred pages of parallel reading will be assigned for the
session, and about thirty written exercises. Three essays, one each term,
will be required.
Course 4: Course 1A (or its equivalent) prerequisite.—This course
may be offered as an elective at large.
Journalism.
Theory and Practice of Journalism. This course aims to give the
student such instruction and practice in journalism as can be given outside
of a newspaper office. Emphasis will be laid on the practical work of
writing. The work will be conducted by the study of texts: class discussions;
and daily practice in writing, either within or without the class
room. The course will cover the general news story; types of journalistic
work; the organization of a paper; the historical and social aspects of
journalism; and the analysis of standard dailies. The text-books will be
assigned.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 5C: Course 2B or 3B (or the equivalent) prerequisite.—
This equivalent means that the student must have completed in some
recognized college, and with a grade of not less than 75 per cent., a course
in advanced Rhetoric, Poetics, History of English and American Literature,
and a reasonably wide course in reading. In this course there are
occasional lectures, but in general the class exercises will consist of conferences
and discussions. Independent investigation will be insisted upon,
with reports, either written or oral, from time to time. Much outside
reading is necessary. Besides these written exercises and reports, three
essays are required, one each term, which must show original research
or selected with the Professor's approval. Subjects to be studied in this
course for 1907-1908 are:
I. Shakespeare.
II. The Romantic Movements of the Eighteenth Century.
III. The Nineteenth Century Prose in America.
For Graduates Only.
A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy may select English
Literature for his secondary minor, his primary minor, or his major
subject. For 1907-1908 the courses are as follows:
Course 6D: or secondary minor: This is the same as Course 5C
with such supplementary work, both in reading or writing, as may be
required.
Course 7D: or primary minor: The candidates, who must have
completed satisfactorily Course 6D, will pursue the following courses:
1. Colonial Literature in America; 2. Browning and his Poetry; 3. The
Drama in England since 1740; or any three of the following courses
the Professor may deem advisable, with such supplementary reading
and writing as may be prescribed:
History of Lyric Poetry.
British Essayists from Bacon to Burke.
British Essayists of the Nineteenth Century.
Literary Tendencies in the Nineteenth Century.
Victorian Poetry.
American Poets and Poetry.
Shakespeare as a Dramatic Artist.
Milton and his Times.
Tennyson and the Nineteenth Century.
Myths and Traditions in English Poetry.
Dr. Johnson and his Times.
Course 8D: or major: The candidate who has completed satisfactorily
the work mapped out for the secondary minor, and the primary
minor, will select, with the Professor's approval, a subject for his dissertation,
and will then proceed to the careful investigation of his subject, and
the preparation of his thesis. Collateral reading will be prescribed and
required. A written record of all the reading done throughout these three
years will be preserved, and, with the examination and thesis, will constitute
the test of the whole Ph. D. course.
Course in Public Speaking.—The course in public speaking
offered by Mr. Charles Wakefield Paul, Instructor in Public Speaking,
organizes a new course and modifies an existing course in the School
for several intercollegiate contests.
The course deals with the theory and practice of Public Speaking.
Its aim is to prepare the student to express his thoughts and
feelings clearly and effectively before an audience. No attempt is
made to give the more elaborate discipline necessary for the public
reader and impersonator. In order that emphasis may fall upon improvement
in form, speeches from the great orators are used as material
for drill work. At each lesson, every member in the section is
called in turn before the class to render his lines and receive suggestions
for further progress. The theory is not set forth by lectures,
but by comments upon the efforts of the individual student and upon
the end sought by the author of the oration under interpretation.
The regular English course in Argumentation, if time permit,
will be supplemented by practical experience in debating before the
class and will deal not only with logical structure and effective tactics
but also with manner of delivery.
From the Literary Societies, by the sifting process of preliminary
trials, candidates for three oratorical and three debating contests are
chosen. The successful men will then be eligible to individual instruction
in daily rehearsals until the final competition takes place.
CORCORAN SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY.
Professor Lefevre.
Professor Payne.
Mr. Hodge.
Mr. Williams.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination or its equivalent. Students are advised
not to undertake the work of this School before their second session
in the College.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1B: Deductive and Inductive Logic; Theory of Knowledge.—M.
W. F., 1-2. Rotunda, S. E. During the first and second
terms, the class will be engaged with a study of the science of logic.
The lectures will deal in an introductory manner with the general
character of the thinking process, its laws of development, and the
methods by which thought actually proceeds to solve the problems
presented to it. Special attention will be directed to the analysis of
logical arguments and to the detection of fallacies in reasoning. The
third term will be devoted to a study and critical exposition of different
Theories of Knowledge. Professor Lefevre.
Text-Books.—Creighton's Introductory Logic; other books to be announced.
Course 2B: Ethics.—M. W. F., 11-12. Rotunda, S. E. The aim
of this course is (1) to trace in broad outline the history of actual moral
times; and (2) to bring out the distinctive features of moral action and to
secure an insight into the leading principles underlying it. Some of the
more important systems of ethics will be studied for the purpose of gaining
an appreciation of the general development and different types of
theories of morality. The entire course will be directed with a view to
aiding the student in reaching a constructive result. Professor Lefevre.
Text-Books.—James Seth's Study of Ethical Principles; other books to be
announced.
Course 3B: General Psychology.—Hours to be arranged. Rotunda,
S. E. This course is intended to give a general survey of the main
problems, principles and method of Psychology either as a part of a
liberal education or as preparation for professional study in Education,
Medicine, or Law. The following topics will be treated: Structure and
function of the Nervous System, Sensation, Perception, Attention, Mental
Imagery, Memory, Volition, Reasoning, Association of Ideas, Movement
and Action, Emotions, etc. These topics will be treated from the physiological,
experimental, dynamic, and descriptive points of view. Reading of
texts, lectures, discussions, and Reports. Professor Payne.
Text-Books.—Thorndike's Elements of Psychology; Witmer's Analytical Psychology;
McDougal's Physiological Psychology. Parallel texts to be announced.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 4C: The History of Philosophy: Course 1B, or 2B, or 3B prerequisite.
M. W. F., 10-11. Rotunda, S. E. This course is intended primarily
for those who wish to know something of the history of thought
and the influence which philosophical ideas have exerted in the development
of civilization. The lectures will give a general account of philosophical
speculation from its beginnings among the Greeks to the present time.
The endeavor will be made to present the various philosophical systems in
their relation to the science and general civilization of the ages to which
they belong, and to estimate their social and political significance. A
large part of the year will be devoted to the theories and problems of
modern times. Reading of texts and commentaries, lectures, discussions,
and essays. Professor Lefevre.
Course 5C: Social Psychology.—(Open to students who have
taken Courses 1B, 2B, and 3B, or their equivalents.) Hours to be arranged.
Rotunda, S. E. In this course, general psychological principles
will be applied to the study of the social relations of the self, and the
influences which determine feeling and action in the individual as a member
of the group, e. g. the sentiments of religious, political, and social crowds.
The attempt is made to approach social facts from the mental side. The
study of social consciousness, as involved in the genesis and growth of
religion; the psychology of adolescence; and the evolution of social consciousness
will engage the attention in this course. Professor Payne.
Reading of texts, lectures, discussions, and reports.
Text-Books.—To be announced.
Primarily for Graduates.
Course 6D.—(Open to students who have taken or are taking
Course 4C.) Empiricism and Rationalism. The empirical movement as
represented by Locke, Hume, and Mill, and the rationalistic movement as
represented especially by Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz, will be studied
with reference to their distinctive methods. Reading of texts and commentaries,
lectures, discussions, and essays. Professor Lefevre.
For Graduates Only.
Course 7D.—(Open to students who have taken or are taking
Course 4C.) The Critical Philosophy of Kant. The greater part of the
year will be devoted to the careful study of the Critique of Pure Reason
and the Critique of Practical Reason. Collateral reading of standard
commentaries and of selected recent literature on the subject will be
required. Special attention will be given to Kant's relation to previous
philosophical systems, to the development of his own philosophy, and to the
interrelation of his three Critiques. Reading of texts, lectures, discussions,
and reports. Professor Lefevre.
Further advanced work in Philosophy will be arranged in accordance
with the needs of individual students.
[Course 6D and 7D will be given in alternate years.]
CURRY MEMORIAL SCHOOL OF EDUCATION.
Professor Heck.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination or its equivalent. Students who have not
had the equivalent of the first year's work of the College are advised
not to undertake the work of the School.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1B: Development of Educational Ideals.—Studied as
phases of social evolution. Special attention is given to the systems of
education in Greece and Rome; in Europe during the Middle Ages, the
Renaissance, and the Reformation; in modern Germany, France, England,
and America. These systems are analysed as revealing epochal and national
to, and interpretation of, these systems. Histories and original sources
are used as texts, supplemented by parallel reading. Tues, Thur., Sat.,
12 to 1: Alumni Hall, East Range.
Course 2: Sociological Phases of Education.—A study of society
in its relation to individual development. Attention is given to the
evolution of family life, the increasing value of childhood, the educational
demands of political, industrial, and religious systems, the growth of
ethical ideals and scientific knowledge. A special study is made of social
control and of individual opportunity in their influence upon development.
Texts and parallel reading. Hours to be arranged: Alumni Hall, East
Range.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 3C: Principles of Education.—A summary of present
educational theory and practice. After an introductory consideration of
the method and material of educational study, the aim of education is
defined and illustrated at length. Theories of organic evolution are outlined
and discussed in their influence upon theories of education. The
second and third terms are devoted to a study of school hygiene, educational
psychology, curricula, and general method. The texts are supplemented
by parallel reading. Mon., Wed., Fri., 10 to 11: Alumni Hall,
East Range.
Course 4C: School Administration.—A seminar study of national,
state, and city school systems; public finance and education; school buildings
and equipment; the supervision and employment of teachers; the relations
between school, home, and society. The educational systems and
policies of the Southern States are considered in detail. Texts are read
rapidly, the main emphasis being put upon parallel reading and original
investigation. Hours to be arranged: Alumni Hall, East Range.
THE JOHN B. CARY MEMORIAL SCHOOL OF BIBLICAL
HISTORY AND LITERATURE.
Associate Professor Forrest.
The instruction in this department is planned to furnish students that
general acquaintance with the history and literature of the Bible which
should constitute a part of every liberal education. The course will be
accepted as an elective at large for the B. A. degree.
Course 1: Old Testament History.—Special attention will be devoted
to Hebrew origins, and the history of the Hebrew people will be
sketched through its stages of nomadic life, early settlement, monarchy,
dissolution of the state, exile, and restoration. The American Revised
lectures. Students will be required to do parallel reading, and to prepare
frequent written exercises or reports on subjects assigned.
Course 2: History and Literature of the English Bible.—The
history of the original documents from which our Bible has been derived
will be traced. This will be followed by a more detailed study of the
history of the various English Versions that have culminated in our present
Authorized and Revised Versions. The literature of the Bible will then be
examined in the light of modern literary canons, comparison being instituted
between the various forms of Biblical literature and recognized
masterpieces from general literature. Text-books and lectures.
But one of these courses will be offered in any one session. Course 2
will be given in the session of 1908-9.
The class will meet in the Bible Study Room at Madison Hall, three
hours a week throughout the session.
THE COLLEGE.
EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D. C. L. LL. D.,
President
JAMES MORRIS PAGE, M. A., Ph D.,
Dean
Required for Entrance upon the Work of the Department.—For
entrance to the College the candidate must either present satisfactory
certificates, or pass the entrance examinations described in detail, pp. 70-80.
The four "blocks" which the candidate may select at will (pp. 77-78), must
be so chosen as to absolve in full the requirements for entrance upon the
courses for which he desires to be registered.
These are the minimum requirements for admission to the College;
and any candidate for admission who has received a preparation more
ample than is thus represented will be admitted to advanced standing on
satisfactory evidence of his attainments, in accordance with the conditions
stated on p. 83.
Every first-year student, who desires to be registered as a candidate,
in due course, for the B. A. degree, is required (unless admitted to advanced
standing) to take English Literature 1A, Mathematics 1A, Latin
1A (or some other foreign language), and a Natural Science (or Greek,
if the student wishes to take both Latin and Greek). All other students
are required to undertake the work of three courses, each consisting of
three or more lectures or exercises a week throughout the year; and only
three, unless otherwise authorized by the Faculty. Hence the time necessary
for the attainment of the Degree of Bachelor of Arts by a student
with the minimum preparation above indicated is four years.
All undergraduate students are regarded as members of the College.
Full opportunity has in the past been, and will in the future be, given to
any student to carry out any definite plan of work which he may have in
view on coming to the University, or which may have been prescribed for
him by those under whose direction he is completing his education. Every
student is, however, expected to come to the University for a definite purpose:
and when no well considered plan, as above indicated, has been
outlined in advance, and the end in view is that for which the great
majority of students enter college, namely, the attainment of a liberal
education, the student in question will be expected to enter upon the regular
work of the College, which leads to the bachelor's degree.
BACHELOR OF ARTS.
The requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts of the University
of Virginia are such as to permit of the large measure of
freedom of election on the part of the individual student which has
characterized the work of the University from the beginning: such
restriction only being placed upon this liberty as is necessary to insure
at the same time the thoroughness and the breadth of culture
for which this degree stands. In order to secure to the recipient of
this degree in due measure an acquaintance with the methods of study
and of thought characteristic of each of the leading departments of
knowledge, as well as with their subject matter, as far as possible,
his choice of work leading thereto is subject to the following conditions.
The candidate for this degree is required to choose ten B. A.
electives from the groups given below (save in the cases presently to
be mentioned): these electives consist in some cases of a single course,
in others of two or more courses. The choice of electives is subject
to the following restrictions: two electives (one of which must be
either Latin or Greek) must be chosen from the first of the five
groups, one from the second group, two from the third, one from
the fourth, and one from the fifth. The other three electives are to
be taken at large from the courses indicated as open to such election
in the brief summary which immediately follows the statement of the
groups, or from the graduate courses open to candidates for the
Master's degree. But in every case at least two of the electives-at-large
must be chosen from a single group, to be known as the candidate's
major group. Each elective-at-large consists of a single course.
Students who complete the work of the B. A. electives in both
Latin and Greek, are required to choose but seven other electives
(or two electives-at-large). Students who have completed seven or
more B. A. electives, satisfying the requirements of the group system,
may offer in lieu of the three electives-at-large the work of the first
year in the Department of Law or of Medicine, or three technical
courses in the Department of Engineering. Candidates who enter
with advanced standing from other colleges must be regularly registered
in the College for at least one session, and must complete at
least three B. A. electives here, to be admitted to the privilege last
stated.
Every candidate for the B. A. degree must (unless admitted to
advanced standing) complete the work in English Literature 1A and
Mathematics 1A.
Any student in good standing who satisfies the requirements
above stated, under the prescribed conditions, is entitled to the degree
of Bachelor of Arts of the University of Virginia.
The groups from which the candidate for the B. A. degree must
choose his B. A. electives, in accordance with the regulations detailed in
the preceding paragraphs, are as follows: (The courses included in each
elective are indicated.)
I. LANGUAGES.
Latin: Latin 1A, and Latin 2B or 3B.
Greek: Greek 2A and Greek 3B.
French: French 2B.
German: German 2B.
Spanish: Spanish 2B.
English Language: English Language 1B.
II. MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES.
Mathematics: Mathematics 2B.
Mechanics: Mechanics 1B.
Astronomy: Astronomy 1B.
III. NATURAL SCIENCES.
Chemistry: Chemistry 1B.
Physics: Physics 1B.
Biology: Biology 1B.
Geology: Geology 1B; or
Economic Geology: Economic Geology 1B.
IV. HISTORY, ENGLISH LITERATURE and ECONOMICS.
History: History 1B.
Economics: Economics 1B.
English Literature: English Literature 2B or 3B.
V. PHILOSOPHICAL SCIENCES.
Philosophy: Philosophy 1B (Logic).
Philosophy: Philosophy 2B (Ethics).
Philosophy: Philosophy 3B (Psychology).
Education: Education 1B.
COURSES IN THE ACADEMIC SCHOOLS WHICH ARE OPEN
TO COLLEGE STUDENTS AS ELECTIVES FOR
THE FIRST DEGREE IN ARTS.
A brief summary is here presented of the courses open to election
by candidates for the baccalaureate degree under the preceding group
system and as electives at large: in addition candidates may offer as
electives at large any of the graduate courses open to candidates for
the degree of Master of Arts, a summary of which, with a schedule
of lecture and examination hours is given on page 154: provided
that in each case the undergraduate course or courses prerequisite
for the subject in question have been completed. A description of
each of these courses will be found in the statements of the Academic
Schools upon pages 105-143. Where a course is stated to be prerequisite
the former if, in the judgment of the professor concerned, the circumstances
justify such a privilege.
Latin.
1A. Grammar and Prose: Sallust, Ovid, Vergil, Cicero: The Geography,
History and Private Life of the Romans. Entrance upon conditions
stated on p. 73. Required (or its equivalent), if Latin is chosen as
an elective from group I. In two sections: I, Mon., Wed., Fri., 12
to 1; II, Tues, Thur., Sat., 12 to 1: Cabell Hall. Prof. Fitzhugh
and Mr. McLemore.
2B. Grammar and Prose: Livy, Tacitus, Catullus, Vergil, Cicero, Seneca:
The Public Life, Religion and Mythology of the Romans. Course
1A (or its equivalent) prerequisite. This or the following course
required if Latin is chosen as one of the electives from group I.
May be offered as an elective at large if Latin 1A and 3B, or if
Greek 1A, 2A, and 3B are chosen as one of the electives from group
I, Mon., Wed., Fri., 10 to 11: Cabell Hall. Prof. Fitzhugh and Mr.
Myers.
3B. Grammar and Prose: Livy, Tacitus, Vergil, Horace, Cicero, Quintilian:
The Art of the Romans. Course 1A (or its equivalent)
prerequisite. This or the preceding course required if Latin is chosen
as one of the electives from group I. May be offered as an elective at
large if Latin 1A and 2B, or if Greek 1A, 2A, and 3B are chosen as
one of the electives from group I. Tues., Thur., Sat., 10 to 11:
Cabell Hall. Prof. Fitzhugh, Mr. Bolling, and Mr. Myers.
Greek.
1A. Course for Beginners. Grammar and Composition: Xenophon's
Anabasis, four books. Required if Greek is chosen as one of the
electives from group I, unless the Entrance Examination in Greek
has been passed. Mon., Wed., Fri., 9 to 10: Cabell Hall. Mr. Hays.
2A. Grammar and Composition: Attic Prose; Xenophon's Memorabilia
and Hellenica, Lysias. The Entrance Examination in Greek or
Course 1A prerequisite. Required if Greek is chosen as one of the
electives from group I. Tues., Thur., Sat., 10 to 11: Cabell Hall.
Prof. Humphreys.
3B. Grammar and Composition: Attic and Ionic Prose and Drama, and
Epic Poetry: Plato, Demosthenes, Euripides, Herodotus, Homer;
History and Literature, Meters, etc. Course 2A prerequisite. Required
if Greek is chosen as one of the electives from group I. May
be offered as an elective at large if Latin 1A, 2B, or 3B, are chosen as
one of the electives from group I. Tues., Thur., Sat., 11 to 12:
Cabell Hall. Prof. Humphreys.
German.
1A. Course for Beginners. Grammar and Prose Composition: Translation
of Prose Fiction (Novellen) and Lyric Poetry. Required if
German is chosen as one of the electives from group I, unless the
Entrance Examination in German has been passed. Tues., Thur,
Sat., 1 to 2: Cabell Hall. Adj. Prof. Faulkner.
2B. Grammar and Prose Composition: Modern German Prose and
Poetry: History of German literature. Course 1A prerequisite, or
its equivalent. Required if German is chosen as one of the electives
from group I. May be offered as an elective at large if any two other
courses are chosen as the electives from group I. Two sections:
Mon., Wed., Fri., I, 10 to 11; II, 1 to 2: Cabell Hall. Adj. Prof.
Faulkner.
3. Scientific German. Corresponds with Course 2B, save in the texts
read; and may be substituted therefor as an elective at large from
group I in German. Hours by appointment: Cabell Hall. Adj. Prof.
Faulkner.
English Language.
1B. Anglo-Saxon Prose and Poetry: Chaucer, Spenser: History of
English Language and Literature from its beginning to the time of
Shakespeare. Course 1A in English Literature (or its equivalent)
prerequisite. Required if English Language is chosen as one of the
electives from group I. May be offered as an elective at large if any
two other courses are chosen as the electives from group I. Mon.,
Wed., Fri., 12 to 1: Cabell Hall. Prof. Harrison, Adj. Prof.
Faulkner.
French.
1A. Grammar and Prose Composition: translation of Modern French.
Required if French is chosen as one of the electives from group I.
Mon., Wed., Fri., 9 to 10: Rotunda, S. W. Adj. Prof. Dargan.
2B. Grammar and Prose Composition: Modern French Literature; Nineteenth
Century novel, drama, and lyric: History of French Literature.
Course 1A prerequisite, or its equivalent. Required if French
is chosen as one of the electives from group I. May be offered as
an elective at large if any two other courses are chosen as the electives
from group I. Tues., Thur., Sat., 9 to 10: Rotunda, S. W.
Professor Wilson.
Spanish.
1A. Course for Beginners. Grammar and Prose Composition: translation
of Modern Spanish. Required if Spanish is chosen as one of the
Adj. Prof. Dargan.
2B. Grammar and Prose Composition: Modern Spanish Literature;
Nineteenth Century novel, drama, and lyric; History of Spanish
Literature. Course 1A prerequisite, or its equivalent. Required if
Spanish is chosen as the elective from group I. May be offered as an
elective at large if any two other courses are chosen as the electives
from group I. Mon., Wed., Fri., 1 to 2: Rotunda, S. W. Adj. Prof.
Dargan.
Mathematics.
1A. Solid Geometry: Trigonometry: Algebra. The four blocks set in
Mathematics at the General Entrance Examination, prerequisite. Required
if either Mathematics, Astronomy, or Mechanics is chosen as
the elective from group II. In three sections: I, Mon., Wed., Fri.,
9 to 10; II, Tues, Thur., Sat., 9 to 10; III, Tues., Thur., Sat., 10 to
11: Cabell Hall. Prof. Page.
2B. Analytical Geometry: Differential and Integral Calculus. Course
1A prerequisite. Required if Mathematics is chosen as the elective
from group II. May be offered as an elective at large if any other
course is chosen as the elective from group II. In two sections: I,
Mon., Wed., Fri., 11 to 12; II, Tues., Thur., Sat., 11 to 12: Cabell
Hall. Prof. Echols.
Mechanics.
1B. General Mechanics. Mathematics 1A prerequisite. Required if Mechanics
is chosen as the elective from group II. May be offered as
an elective at large if any other course is chosen as the elective from
group II. Tues., Thur., Sat., 10 to 11: Mechanical Laboratory. Prof.
Thornton.
Astronomy.
1B. General Astronomy. Mathematics 1A prerequisite. Required if
Astronomy is chosen as the elective from group II. May be offered
as an elective at large if any other course is chosen as the elective
from group II. Mon., Wed., Fri., 12 to 1: Cabell Hall. Prof. Stone.
Physics.
1B. Experimental Physics. Elementary Mechanics; Heat; Electricity;
Sound; and Light. Required if Physics is chosen as the elective from
group III. May be offered as an elective at large if any other two
Sat., 11 to 12; laboratory work in two sections on Mon., Wed., and
Fri., Section I, 9 to 11, Section II, 12 to 2: Rouss Laboratory. Prof.
Smith, Adj. Prof. Hoxton, and Mr. Butler.
Chemistry.
1B. General Chemistry. Required if Chemistry is chosen as the elective
from group III. May be offered as an elective at large if any other
two courses are chosen as the electives from group III. Mon., Wed.,
Fri., 11 to 12: Chemical Laboratory, West Range. Prof. Bird.
Analytical Chemistry.
1. Chemical Manipulations: Blowpipe Analysis: Assaying: Qualitative
Analysis. Chemistry 1B prerequisite. May be offered as an
elective at large. Tues., Thur., Sat., 10 to 11; laboratory hours by
appointment: Chemical Laboratory. Prof. Dunnington.
Biology.
1B. General Biology: Structure and Life-history of representative plants
and animals. Required if Biology is chosen as an elective from group
III. May be offered as an elective at large. Tues., Thur., Sat., 12
to 1: Laboratory work in three sections: I, Mon., Fri., 9 to 11;
II, Tues., Thur., 9 to 11; III, Wed., Sat., 9 to 11: Cabell Hall. Prof.
Tuttle and Mr. Kepner.
2. Botany and Plant Morphology: Course 1B prerequisite. May be
offered as an elective at large. Tues., Thur., 9 to 10. Laboratory
work Mon., Wed., Fri., 11 to 1. Weekly seminar by appointment:
Cabell Hall. Prof. Tuttle.
3. Invertebrate Zoölogy and Morphology: Course 1B prerequisite. May
be offered as an elective at large. Mon., Wed., 12 to 1. Laboratory
work Tues., Thur., Sat., 11 to 1. Weekly seminar by appointment:
Cabell Hall. Mr. Kepner.
4. Vertebrate Zoölogy and Morphology: Course 1B prerequisite. May
be offered as an elective at large. Hours by appointment: Cabell
Hall. Prof. Tuttle and Mr. Kepner.
Geology.
1B. Principles of Geology. Required if Geology is chosen as the elective
from group III. May be offered as an elective at large if any other
two courses are chosen as the electives from group III. Mon., Wed.,
Fri., 9 to 10: Brooks Museum. Prof. Fontaine.
Economic Geology.
1B. General Geology. Required if Economic Geology is chosen as the
elective from group III. May be offered as an elective at large if any
other two courses are chosen as the electives from group III. Mon.,
Tues., Wed., 12 to 1: Brooks Museum. Prof. Watson.
History.
1B. General History. Entrance upon conditions stated upon page 133.
Required if History is chosen as the elective from group IV. May
be offered as an elective at large if any other course is chosen as the
elective from group IV. Mon., Wed., Fri., 9 to 10: Cabell Hall.
Prof. Dabney.
Economics.
1B. Principles of Economics. Required if Economics is chosen as the
elective from group IV. May be offered as an elective at large if
any other course is chosen as an elective from group IV. Tues.,
Thur., Sat., 9 to 10: Cabell Hall. Prof. Page (T. W.).
English Literature.
1A. Composition and Rhetoric: History of English or American Literature:
Study of Poetry: and selected Prose. Required (or its equivalent)
if English Literature is chosen as the elective from group IV.
In two sections: I, Mon., Wed., Fri., 10 to 11; II, Mon., Wed., Fri.,
11 to 12: Cabell Hall. Mr. Arnold, Mr. Leighton.
2B. Rhetoric: Shakespeare; American Prose and Poetry; English
Poetry: and the History of English Literature. Course 1A prerequisite.
This or the following course required if English Literature
is chosen as the elective from group IV. May be offered as an elective
at large if any other course is chosen as the elective from group
IV. Tues., Thur., Sat., 9 to 10: Cabell Hall. Prof. Kent.
3B. Style; Description; Narration; Exposition; Argumentation; Oratory;
Poetics. Course 1A prerequisite. This or the preceding course
required if English Literature is chosen as the elective from group
IV. May be offered as an elective at large if any other course is
chosen as the elective from group IV. Tues., Thur., Sat., 11 to 12:
Cabell Hall. Prof. Kent.
Philosophy.
1B. Deductive and Inductive Logic; Theory of Knowledge. Required if
Logic is chosen as the elective from group V. May be offered as an
group V. Mon., Wed., Fri., 1 to 2: Rotunda, S. E. Prof. Lefevre.
2B. Ethics. Required if Ethics is chosen as the elective from group V.
May be offered as an elective at large if any other course is chosen
as the elective from group V. Mon., Wed., Fri., 11 to 12: Rotunda,
S. E. Prof. Lefevre.
3B. General Psychology. Required if Psychology is chosen as the elective
from group V. May be offered as an elective at large if any
other course is chosen as the elective from group V. Hours to be
arranged: Rotunda, S. E. Prof. Payne.
Education.
1B. Development of Educational Ideals. Required if Education is chosen
as the elective from group V. May be offered as an elective at large
if any other course is chosen as the elective from group V. Tues.,
Thur., Sat., 12 to 1: Alumni Hall, East Range. Prof. Heck.
2. Sociological Phases of Education. May be offered as an elective at
large. Hours to be arranged: Alumni Hall, East Range. Prof.
Heck.
Biblical History and Literature.
1. Old Testament History. May be offered as an elective at large.
Tues., Thur., Sat., 12 to 1: Madison Hall. Associate Prof. Forrest.
2. History and Literature of the English Bible. May be offered as an
elective at large. Given alternate years with Course 1. Tues., Thur.,
Sat., 12 to 1, but time of either course offered may be changed to
suit the convenience of those electing it. Madison Hall. Associate
Prof. Forrest.
EXAMINATIONS.
I. Intermediate Examinations.—In all the undergraduate courses
examinations are held at fixed periods in December and March: the
dates of these intermediate examinations are given in the schedule
of lectures and examinations upon the following page. All lectures
in the College courses are suspended during the periods in which
these examinations are held. The examinations begin in each case
at 9 a. m., and are limited to six hours.
II. Final Examinations.—In addition to the intermediate examinations,
final examinations are held for all college classes during
the fortnight immediately before the final week, lectures closing
on the Saturday preceding. The dates of these examinations are
9 a. m., and are limited to eight hours.
III. Fall Examinations.—The regulations concerning Fall Examinations
in the College courses, granted for partially successful
work, are as follows:
A student of the College who attains in any course a grade below
75 per cent, but not below 65 per cent, may, upon the written
recommendation of the professor in charge, be admitted by the Faculty
at their final meeting in June to re-examination upon that course
during the Registration week of the following September.
The fee for each re-examination shall be five dollars ($5) payable
to the Bursar of the University, and this fee shall be in no case
returnable. The Dean of the College will at once notify each student
admitted to re-examination, and the fee for the same shall be paid
to the Bursar on or before the 15th of July. Should the student fail to
deposit this fee with the Bursar in due time, or fail to attend upon
the examination, the permit for re-examination is void.
A student, who fails to sustain himself either in the original examination
or in the re-examination upon any course elected, shall
upon readmission be required to attend lectures a second time upon
that course and pass the regular examinations thereon, unless excused
by a special vote of the Faculty.
An official schedule of the September examinations shall be prepared
and issued by the Dean to all candidates registered for such
examinations, not later than August 1st.
The Dean shall furnish to the members of the Academic Faculty
concerned, not later than September 1, a list of the candidates entitled
to re-examination,—together with the official schedule of the
examinations.
The Fall examinations in the College shall be held (for 1908) between
the 7th and the 12th of September, inclusive.
Postponement of these examinations is permitted only under
such conditions as apply to the regular examinations, p. 67.
For the regulations concerning special examinations granted for
sickness or a like cause, see p. 88.
EXPENSES.
The necessary expenses at the University for a Virginia student
in the College may be estimated at from $160 a year upward, according
to the mode of living; for students from other States this minimum
should be increased by a sum ranging from $90 to $130 for
University and tuition fees. A fuller statement of expenses, including
the conditions under which Virginia or other students are entitled to
free tuition, will be found on pages 91-95.
SCHEDULE OF LECTURES.
1908-1909.
With Dates of the Examinations.
| Hours. | Mon. Wed. Fri. | Tues. Thurs. Sat. | Hours. |
| 9 to 9:55 |
Greek 1A; French 1A; | Economics 1B; | 9 to 9:55 |
| History 1B; Geology 1B; | French 2B; Literature 2B; | ||
| Mathematics 1A (Section I); | Mathematics 1A (Section II); | ||
| Biology 1B (Lab. Section I) (Mon., Fri.); |
Biology 1B (Lab. Section II); (Tues., Thurs.); |
||
| Biology 1B (Lab. Section III) (Wed.); |
Biology 1B (Lab. Section III) (Sat.); |
||
| Physics 1B (Lab. Section I). | Biology 2C (Tues., Thurs.) | ||
| Monday, Dec. 14 | Monday, Dec. 21 | ||
| Thursday, March 18 | Thursday, March 25 | ||
| Tuesday, June 1 | Tuesday, June 8 | ||
| 10 to 10:55 |
Latin 2B; | Latin 3B; | 10 to 10:55 |
| Literature 1A (Section I); | Mathematics 1A (Section III); | ||
| German 2B (Section I); | Analytical Chemistry 1B; | ||
| Biology 1B (Lab. Section I) (Mon., Fri.); |
Greek 2A; Mechanics 1B; | ||
| Biology 1B (Lab. Section III) (Wed.); |
Biology 1B (Lab. Section II) (Tues., Thurs.); |
||
| Physics 1B (Lab. Section I). | Biology 1B (Lab. Section III) (Sat.) |
||
| Saturday, Dec. 12 | Thursday, Dec. 17 | ||
| Wednesday, March 17 | Monday, March 22 | ||
| Thursday, June 10 | Friday, June 4 | ||
| 11 to 11:55 |
Spanish 1A; | Greek 3B; | 11 to 11:55 |
| General Chemistry 1B; | Physics 1B; | ||
| Philosophy 2B (Ethics); | Literature 3B; | ||
| Literature 1A (Section II); | Mathematics 2B (Section II); | ||
| Mathematics 2B (Section I); | Biology 3C (Lab. Section). | ||
| Biology 2C (Lab. Section). | |||
| Wednesday, Dec. 23 | Friday, Dec. 18 | ||
| Saturday, March 27 | Tuesday, March 23 | ||
| Monday, May 31 | Saturday, June 5 | ||
| 12 to 12:55 |
Latin 1A (Section I); | Latin 1A (Section II); | 12 to 12:55 |
| Astronomy 1B; | Education 1B; | ||
| Econ. Geology 1B (Mon., Wed.); |
Econ. Geology 1B (Tues.); | ||
| English Language 1B; | Gen. Chemistry 1B (Lab. Section II); |
||
| Gen. Chemistry 1B (Lab. Section I); |
Biology 1B; | ||
| Biology 2C (Lab. Section); | Biology 3C (Lab. Section). | ||
| Biology 3C (Mon., Wed.); | |||
| Physics 1B (Lab. Section II). | |||
| Saturday, Dec. 19 | Tuesday, Dec. 15 | ||
| Wednesday, March 24 | Friday, March 19 | ||
| Monday, June 7 | Wednesday, June 2 | ||
| 1 to 1:55 |
Philosophy 1B (Logic); | German 1A. | 1 to 1:55 |
| German 2B (Section II); | |||
| Spanish 2B; | |||
| Physics 1B (Lab. Section II). | |||
| Tuesday, Dec. 22 | Wednesday, Dec. 16 | ||
| Friday, March 26 | Saturday, March 20 | ||
| Wednesday, June 9 | Thursday, June 3 | ||
| 3:30 to 5 |
Gen. Chemistry 1B (Lab. Section III). |
Gen. Chemistry 1B (Lab. Section IV). |
3:30 to 5 |
| Saturday, Dec. 19 | |||
| Wednesday, March 24 | |||
| Monday, June 7 |
THE DEPARTMENT OF GRADUATE STUDIES.
| EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D. C. L., LL. D., | President. |
| RICHARD HEATH DABNEY, M. A., Ph. D., | Dean. |
Required for Entrance upon the Work of the Department.—The
possession of a baccalaureate degree from a recognized institution of
collegiate rank: or, in the case of a graduate of an institution of such
rank that does not confer a baccalaureate degree, presentation of a
certificate of graduation in a course of study accepted by the Academic
Faculty as fully equivalent to that ordinarily required for the
degree in question. A candidate entering the University under these
conditions will be registered as a Graduate Student if he is pursuing
one or more graduate courses: he may, however, be permitted, or, if he
is a candidate for a degree who enters from another college, be required
to take in addition such strictly undergraduate courses as may
be desirable or necessary for his purpose.
Graduates in Schools.
Any student who successfully completes all the courses offered in
any Academic School is entitled to a diploma of graduation in that
School: but a student thus pursuing graduate studies will not be
registered as a member of this Department unless he has satisfied
the conditions above stated.
Masters of Arts.
The degree of Master of Arts of the University of Virginia will
be conferred upon a Bachelor of Arts of this University who has
completed the work in four fully organized graduate courses chosen
by himself and approved by the Academic Faculty; each of which
courses must be one in which the professor regularly meets the class
not less than three hours a week. The four courses must be chosen
from at least three distinct subjects distributed among three different
Academic Schools, except by special order of the Academic Faculty;
and at least three of the courses must be cognate. Students who
take such graduate courses in some subjects before receiving the
B. A. degree will not be granted the M. A. degree unless they take
at least two of their graduate courses in the academic year when
the latter degree is conferred.
A brief summary of the C courses open to candidates for the
Master's degree is given upon a following page, together with a
schedule of the hours of lectures and examinations: a description of
each is given in its proper connection in that portion of the catalogue
which treats of the work of the independent Academic Schools.
The courses indicated are also, in many cases, included among
the advanced courses that may be offered as electives at large for
the degree of Bachelor of Arts: credit can, of course, be obtained for
any such course in but one of these capacities by the same candidate;
work done for the lower degree being in no case counted again as
part of the work required for the attainment of the higher degree.
Students holding baccalaureate degrees from other chartered institutions
of learning and desiring admission to candidacy for the
degree of Master of Arts should write immediately to the Registrar
of the University and ask for a blank form of application, to be filled
out (partly by the applicant, and partly by the President of the institution
from which the applicant has received a degree) and promptly
returned to the Registrar. When the Committee on Academic Degrees
has duly considered the application and reported to the Academic
Faculty, the latter will decide whether the application will be
accepted; and, if so, the applicant will then be informed what work
he will have to do in order to obtain the M. A. degree.
In general, the Faculty will require that, unless the baccalaureate
degree of the candidate conforms with reasonable closeness to the
B. A. degree of the University in the character of its requirements,
the candidate must take such undergraduate courses here as will
supplement his deficiencies. In particular, the Faculty will require
the candidate to take not only the four graduate courses mentioned
above, but also the undergraduate courses in the same subjects, unless
convinced by the report of the Committee on Academic Degrees that
the candidate's work done elsewhere in one or more of these subjects
has been fully equal in quality and quantity to the undergraduate
work required in such subject or subjects at the University of Virginia.
Nor can the candidate be excused from doing the undergraduate
work in any one of these four subjects without the consent
of the professor of that subject.
Doctors of Philosophy.
The degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Virginia
will be conferred upon a Bachelor of Arts of this University, or (under
the regulations mentioned below) upon the holder of a baccalaureate
degree from some other chartered institution of learning
who possesses a reading knowledge of French and German, and who
completes the prescribed graduate work in three cognate subjects,
by the Academic Faculty; this graduate work to be pursued for at
least three years in the major subject, for at least two years in the
primary minor, and for at least one year in the secondary minor
subject. It is also provided that any student taking the second or
third year of graduate work in a subject may be required by the
professor, with the approval of the Academic Faculty, to attend such
lectures or courses in any of the Academic Schools as the professor
may deem necessary.
The "reading knowledge" of French and German mentioned
above is intended to enable the candidate to pursue his chosen subjects
through the medium of books and periodicals in the French and
German languages. His ability to do this must be tested at the beginning
of the first year of his candidacy by examinations on these
languages in the presence of a committee consisting of the professor
of the candidate's major subject and the professors of French and
German. In case of failure on either or both of the examinations, he
will be required to enter the appropriate class or classes in one or
both of the languages, and will not be regarded as a regular candidate
for the doctorate until he has fulfilled the requirements in French
and German. It is provided, however, that any student who has
already passed on the regular B. A. course in either or both of the
languages at this University shall be considered as having the requisite
knowledge of either or both of them, as the case may be.
Graduate work done in other universities may be accepted in
lieu of resident work done here, provided sufficient evidence is furnished
by examination, written or oral, or both, that such work
has been of a grade similar to that required here, and has been satisfactorily
performed, and provided also that, while it shall be possible
for a candidate to get credit in this way for the whole of his
secondary minor subject, every candidate must take here at least one
advanced course in his primary minor, and at least one year's work
in his major subject.
It is also provided that a candidate who is a professor, in charge
of the subject selected by him as major, in a chartered college or university,
may be allowed by the Academic Faculty to spend only two
years in resident work at this University. The graduate work of the
last year of candidacy shall in all cases be done at this University,
unless the Academic Faculty shall for special reasons direct otherwise.
Upon the completion of the approved courses, the candidate
shall submit to the Academic Faculty a Dissertation exhibiting independent
research in some branch of his major subject. The Dissertation
must be submitted not later than April 15 of the year in which
the candidate applies for the degree. Moreover, the copy presented
on paper of prescribed quality and size; shall be bound; and shall
have certain prescribed phrases on the cover and title page. If accepted
as satisfactory by the Faculty, this copy shall immediately
become the property of the University. If approved, the Dissertation
must be printed at the candidate's expense before the degree is conferred,
and one hundred copies deposited in the Library of the University;
or, if this be impracticable on account of lack of time, the
candidate must deposit with the Bursar a sum of money sufficient
to have a hundred copies of the Dissertation printed.
The instruction open to candidates for the Doctor's degree in
each of the Academic Schools is described in a preceding portion of
the catalogue. No graduate course can be counted for the Doctor's
degree unless the professor regularly meets the class not less than
three hours a week.
The conditions on which students holding baccalaureate degrees
from other chartered institutions of learning are admitted to candidacy
for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy are as follows.
Each applicant should write to the Registrar of the University
and ask for a blank form of application to be filled out (partly by
the applicant, and partly by the President of the institution from
which the applicant has received a degree) and promptly returned to
the Registrar. When the application has been duly considered by
the Committee on Academic Degrees and by the Academic Faculty,
the applicant will be informed as to the work which he, if accepted
as a candidate, will have to do in order to secure the Doctor's degree.
The general rule will be that unless his baccalaureate degree
conforms with reasonable closeness to the B. A. degree of this University
in the nature of its requirements, he must take such undergraduate
courses here as will supplement his deficiencies. In particular,
he will be required to take not only the graduate work in his
three chosen subjects, but the undergraduate courses as well, unless
the Faculty is convinced that his work done elsewhere in one or
more of these subjects has been fully equal in quality and quantity
to the undergraduate work required in such subject or subjects at
this University. Moreover, the individual professor of any of these
three subjects may require the candidate to take his undergraduate
course, should he regard him as insufficiently grounded in the fundamental
facts or principles of the subject.
EXPENSES.
The necessary expenses at the University for a Virginia student
in the Department of Graduate Studies may be estimated at from
$160 a year upward, according to the mode of living; for students
from $90 to $130 for tuition fees. A fuller statement of expenses,
including the conditions under which Virginia or other students are
entitled to free tuition, will be found on pp. 91-95.
Applicants for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy who are
granted the privilege of non-residence during a portion of their
candidacy, under conditions above stated, are required to matriculate
and to pay the annual University fee of $40 if not Virginians, and
$10 if Virginians, during such period of non-residence.
COURSES IN THE ACADEMIC SCHOOLS WHICH ARE OPEN
TO COLLEGE STUDENTS AS ELECTIVES FOR
THE SECOND DEGREE IN ARTS.
A brief summary is here presented of the courses open to election
by candidates for the Master's degree. A description of each of these
courses will be found in the statements of the Academic Schools upon
preceding pages (105-143). Where an undergraduate course is stated
to be prerequisite to a graduate course, the latter may be taken
parallel with the former if, in the judgment of the professor concerned,
the circumstances justify such a privilege.
Latin.
4C. Higher Syntax of the Cases and Advanced Prose: Cicero, Tacitus,
Plautus, Terence, Horace: History of Roman Literature. Course
2B or Course 3B (or the equivalent of either) prerequisite. Mon.,
Wed., Fri., 11 to 12: Cabell Hall. Prof. Fitzhugh and Mr. Bolling.
5C. (Given alternately with 4C.) Higher Syntax of the Moods and
Advanced Prose: Tacitus, Pliny, Plautus, Terence, Juvenal, Lucretius,
Cicero: History of Roman Philosophy. Course 2B or Course
3B (or the equivalent of either) prerequisite. Mon., Wed., Fri., 11 to
12: Cabell Hall. Prof. Fitzhugh and Mr. Bolling.
Greek.
4C. Advanced Grammar and Composition: Advanced Prose, Lyric
Poetry, and Drama: Demosthenes; Thucydides, Æschylus, Sophocles,
Aristophanes. Meters. Course 3B prerequisite. Mon., Wed.,
Fri., 12 to 1: Cabell Hall. Prof. Humphreys.
German.
4C. Modern Poetry, Goethe: The Modern German Novel: Middle High
German Poetry: German Drama: Historical German Grammar:
Thur., Sat., 10 to 11: Cabell Hall. Prof. Harrison.
English Language.
2C. Advanced Anglo-Saxon and Middle English: Chaucer, Spenser, Beowulf:
History and Etymology of English: History of Early English
Literature. Course 1B prerequisite. Tues., Thur., Sat., 12 to 1:
Cabell Hall. Prof. Harrison, Adj. Prof. Faulkner.
French.
3C. Modern French Prose: tendencies of French fiction; France's place
in Civilization. Courses 1A and 2B prerequisite. Tues., Thur., Sat.,
11 to 12: Rotunda, S. W. Prof. Wilson.
Italian.
3C. Italian Grammar: Nineteenth Century Literature: Dante; Petrarch;
Boccaccio: History of Latin Literature and of the Renaissance.
French 1A and 2B, or Spanish 1A and 2B, prerequisite. Tues.,
Thur., Sat., 12 to 1: Rotunda, S. W. Prof. Wilson.
4D. Old French: French 1A and 2B, Spanish 1A and 2B, and Italian 3C
prerequisite. Lectures conducted in French. Hours by appointment.
Prof. Wilson.
Mathematics.
3C. Solid Analytical Geometry: Advanced Differential and Integral Calculus:
Ordinary Differential Equations: History of Mathematics.
Course 2B prerequisite. Mon., Wed., Fri., 12 to 1: Cabell Hall.
Prof. Echols.
Astronomy.
2C. Celestial Mechanics. Mathematics 2B (or its equivalent) and Course
1B prerequisite. Tues., Thur., Sat., 12 to 1: Cabell Hall. Prof.
Stone.
3C. Practical Astronomy. Mathematics 2B (or its equivalent) and Course
1B prerequisite. Hours will be announced: McCormick Observatory.
Prof. Stone.
Mechanics.
2C. Analytical Mechanics. Mathematics 2B and Course 1B prerequisite.
Mon., Wed., Fri., 12 to 1: Mechanical Laboratory. Prof. Thornton.
Physics.
2C. Electricity and Magnetism. Course 1B and Mathematics 2B prerequisite.
Mon., Wed., Fri., 10 to 11. Laboratory hours by appointment:
Rouss Physical Laboratory. Adj. Prof. Hoxton.
3C. Optics. Course 1B and Mathematics 2B prerequisite. Hours by appointment:
Rouss Physical Laboratory. Adj. Prof. Hoxton.
Chemistry.
2C. Industrial Chemistry. Course 1B (or equivalent knowledge) prerequisite.
Mon., Wed., Fri., 3 to 4.30: Chemical Laboratory. Prof.
Mallet.
3C. Organic Chemistry. Course 1B prerequisite. Tues. and Thur., 3 to
6: Chemical Laboratory, West Range. Prof. Bird.
Analytical Chemistry.
2C. Quantitative Analysis, Volumetric and Gravimetric. Course 1 prerequisite.
Mon., Wed., Fri., 10 to 11; laboratory hours by appointment:
Chemical Laboratory. Prof. Dunnington.
Biology.
2C. Botany and Plant Morphology. Course 1B prerequisite. Tues.,
Thur., 9 to 10. Laboratory work Mon., Wed., Fri., 11 to 1. Weekly
seminar by appointment. In addition to the work represented by the
hours indicated, subjects for independent study will from time to
time be assigned to each student individually. Cabell Hall. Prof.
Tuttle.
3C. Invertebrate Zoölogy and Morphology. Course 1B prerequisite.
Mon., Wed., 12 to 1. Laboratory work Tues., Thur., Sat., 11 to 1.
Weekly seminar by appointment. In addition to the work represented
by the hours indicated, subjects for independent study will
from time to time be assigned each student individually. Cabell
Hall. Mr. Kepner.
5D. Cytology and Comparative Histology. Courses 1B and 2C (or 3C)
prerequisite. Lectures and seminars Mon., Wed., Fri., 9 to 10.
Laboratory hours by appointment. Cabell Hall. Prof. Tuttle and
Mr. Kepner.
Geology.
2C. Advanced Geology and Mineralogy. Course 1B prerequisite. Tues.,
Thur., Sat., 9 to 10: Brooks Museum. Prof. Fontaine.
Economic Geology.
2C. General Economic Geology. Course 1B (or equivalent) prerequisite.
Hours by appointment. Brooks Museum. Prof. Watson.
History.
2C. English and American History. Course 1B prerequisite. Mon., Wed.,
Fri., 11 to 12: Cabell Hall. Prof. Dabney.
Economics.
2C. Growth of American Industry and Commerce. Course 1B prerequisite.
Tues., Thur., Sat., 10 to 11: Cabell Hall. Prof. Pa
(T. W.).
English Literature.
5C. Shakespeare; the Romantic Movement of the Eighteenth Century;
Nineteenth Century Prose in America. Course 2B or 3B (or the
equivalent of either) prerequisite. Tues., Thur., Sat., 1 to 2: Cabell
Hall. Prof. Kent.
Philosophy.
4C. History of Philosophy. Courses 1B, 2B, or 3B prerequisite. Mon.,
Wed., and Fri. 10 to 11. Rotunda, S. E. Prof. Lefevre.
5C. Social Psychology. Courses 1B, 2B, or 3B (or their equivalents) prerequisite.
Hours to be arranged: Rotunda, S. E. Prof. Payne.
Education.
3C. Principles of Education. Course 1B or 2, or Philosophy 2B or 3B,
prerequisite. Mon., Wed., Fri., 10 to 11: Alumni Hall, East Range.
Prof. Heck.
SCHEDULE OF LECTURES.
1908-1909.
With Dates of the Examinations.
| Hours | Mon. Wed. Fri. | Tues. Thurs. Sat. | Hours |
| 9 to 9:55 |
Biology 5D. | Geology 2C; | 9 to 9:55 |
| Biology 2C. | |||
| Monday, Dec. 14 | Monday, Dec. 21 | ||
| Thursday, March 18 | Thursday, March 25 | ||
| Tuesday, June 1 | Tuesday, June 8 | ||
| 10 to 10:55 |
Education 3C; | Economics 2C; | 10 to 10:55 |
| Physics 2C; | German 4C. | ||
| Analytical Chemistry 2C. | |||
| Philosophy 4C | |||
| Saturday, Dec. 12 | Thursday, Dec. 17 | ||
| Wednesday, March 17 | Monday, March 22 | ||
| Thursday, June 10 | Friday, June 4 | ||
| 11 to 11:55 |
Latin 4C or Latin 5C; | French 3C; | 11 to 11:55 |
| History 2C; | Biology 3C (Lab. Section). | ||
| Biology 2C (Lab. Section); | |||
| Chemistry 4D. | |||
| Wednesday, Dec. 23 | Friday, Dec. 18 | ||
| Saturday, March 27 | Tuesday, March 23 | ||
| Monday, May 31 | Saturday, June 5 | ||
| 12 to 12:55 |
Mathematics 3C; | Astronomy 2C; | 12 to 12:55 |
| Mechanics 2C; | Italian 3C; | ||
| Greek 4C; | English Language 2C; | ||
| Biology 2C (Lab. Section). | Biology 3C (Lab. Section). | ||
| Saturday, Dec. 19 | Tuesday, Dec. 15 | ||
| Wednesday, March 24 | Friday, March 19 | ||
| Monday, June 7 | Wednesday, June 2 | ||
| 1 to 1:55 |
Literature 4C. | 1 to 1:55 |
|
| Tuesday, Dec. 22 | Wednesday, Dec. 16 | ||
| Friday, March 26 | Saturday, March 20 | ||
| Wednesday, June 9 | Thursday, June 3 | ||
| 3:30 to 5 |
Chemistry 2C. | Chemistry 3C. | 3:30 to 5 |
| Saturday, Dec. 19 | Tuesday, Dec. 22 | ||
| Wednesday, March 24 | Friday, March 26 | ||
| Monday, June 7 | Wednesday, June 9 |
DEPARTMENT OF LAW.
| EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D. C. L., LL. D., | President. |
| WILLIAM MINOR LILE, LL. D.,[3] | Dean. |
| CHARLES ALFRED GRAVES, M. A., LL. D., | Professor of the Law of Contracts, Torts, and Civil Procedure. |
| WILLIAM MINOR LILE, LL. D., | Professor of the Law of Persons, Mercantile Law, Corporations, and Equity. |
| RALEIGH COLSTON MINOR, M. A., LL. B.,[4] | Professor of the Law of Real Property, and Public Law. |
| ARMISTEAD MASON DOBIE, M. A., LL. B., | Adjunct Professor of the Law of Persons, Mercantile Law, Corporations, and Equity.[5] |
| CASSIUS MONCURE CHICHESTER, B. A., LL. B., | Instructor in Law. |
| ALEXANDER STUART ROBERTSON, B. A., LL. B., | Instructor in Law. |
DEPARTMENT OF LAW.
Among the original schools contemplated in Mr. Jefferson's plan for the
organization of the University of Virginia was "Law: Municipal and
Foreign; Embracing the General Principles, Theory, and Practice of
Jurisprudence, together with the Theory and Principles of Constitutional
Government." Accordingly the School of Law was established in 1826,
and has been in continous operation since, even during the four years of
the civil war. The aim of the Department of Law has always been to maintain
a high standard as a requirement for graduation—the degree being
conferred only upon such students as are thorough masters of the prescribed
course of study. This policy has been rigorously enforced, and its
of the law school are accustomed to attain at the bar or in public life. The
course of instruction has been extended from time to time to conform to
changing conditions and to meet the increasing needs of the profession.
It is confidently believed that the enlarged course now offered will enable
those who complete it more surely to maintain that rank at the bar which
the University has always expected of her sons.
Formerly it was possible for the law student to begin and complete his
professional studies in the office of some friendly member of the bar—
Blackstone's Commentaries and the Code of his State forming the main
portion of his curriculum. Then the authorities were few, the leading
principles alone were settled, and their application was comparatively
simple. In more recent times, so widened is the scope of the law, so complex
its principles, so nice and yet so important its distinctions, so numerous
and conflicting the authorities, that it is scarcely practicable for even the
most diligent student to master the subject, in its multiform phases, without
the systematic instruction of skilled teachers. Furthermore, the increased
and increasing scope and rigor of the examinations for admission
to the bar in the several States call for a more extensive course of study
than was afforded in former days by the law school, and a wider and more
intimate knowledge of legal principles than can generally be acquired by
private study.
These considerations have led to a general conviction among the
leaders of professional thought throughout the country that no student
should essay the practice of the law who has not spent at least two years in
close and attentive study in a law school. Indeed, the decided tendency
is toward requiring even a longer period of study, as essential either to
graduation or to admission to the bar.
Required for Entrance upon the Work of the Department.—The
General Entrance Examination, or admission to the University by
certificate or diploma, as stated in a preceding portion of this catalogue,
pp. 70-85. For exemption from this rule in the case of Special
Students not candidates for the degree in Law, see p. 84. All candidates
for the degree must have attained the age of eighteen before
entering the Law School.
Course of Study.—The course is planned with a view to acquaint
the student familiarly and practically with the principles of his profession.
Care is taken to teach him to think for himself, and to rely
upon reason and principle, rather than upon memory; it being considered
better that the student follow principle to its legitimate conclusion,
though this be at variance with the decisions of the courts,
than that he should arrive at a faultless result by the exercise of
memory or by accident.
The instruction is as thorough as possible, and is given partly through
text-books and partly through lectures (on some subjects with the addition
daily quiz has long been a marked and, as experience has proved, a most
valuable feature of the system of instruction. As cross-examination exposes
error and develops truth, so the daily quiz enables the instructor to
discover and rectify misconceptions of legal principles on the part of the
student.
The course occupies two years, and it is not permissible to apply for
graduation in less time. Indeed, since future professional success depends
upon complete mastery of elementary principles, it is not advisable for the
student to devote less time to preparation for practice, even though he be
not a candidate for graduation. It is a maxim sanctioned by long and wide
experience that "he who is not a good lawyer when he comes to the bar, will
seldom be a good one afterwards." In order to acquire such thorough knowledge
of the elements of the law, thought as well as reading is requisite; and,
for the purpose of thought, there must be time to digest as well as industry
to acquire. One cannot gorge himself with legal principles and digest
them afterwards; the process of assimilation, if it is to proceed healthfully
and beneficially, must accompany the reception of knowledge.
Arrangement of Classes.—The course of instruction in the Department
of Law comprises twelve separate classes. Six of these
classes constitute the first year's studies, and six the studies of the
second year.
In the work of each year, there are nine lectures a week. The lectures
occupy an hour and a half each, so that each year's course demands thirteen
and a half hours of class-work each week, besides the work of the
Moot and Practice courts.
The following table exhibits an outline of the course:
1. The Law of Persons; Personal Property (including
Sales); Wills of Personalty, and Administration.2. The Law of Contracts.
3. The Law of Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
4. Mercantile Law: Negotiable Paper; Partnership; Insurance.
5. Torts, Bailments, and Carriers.
6. Theory of Government; Constitutional Law; International
Law.
[6] First Year
7. Equity Jurisprudence and Procedure; Bankruptcy.
8. Pleading and Practice in Civil Cases.
9. The Law of Real Property.
10. The Law of Corporations.
11. The Law of Evidence.
12. Conflict of Laws.
Second Year
The first year Law Course may be substituted for certain electives in the
College by candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts.
FIRST YEAR COURSE.
1. Law of Persons; Personal Property; Wills and
Administration.
Professor Lile.
Adj. Prof. Dobie (1907-'08).
The preliminary lectures in this class are devoted to the nature,
sources and evidences of the law; the absolute and relative rights of persons,
and their constitutional guaranties; citizenship and naturalization;
and subordinate magistrates. This is followed by a thorough drill in the
subjects of principal and agent; husband and wife, including their common
law property rights, with the modern statutory modifications; parent and
child; and guardian and ward. Later, the study of the law of personal
property (including the law of sales) is pursued in its various phases,
followed by that of wills, of personalty and administration. Under the
latter classification are included the execution of wills; the qualification of
personal representatives and the settlement of their accounts; the law of
legacies and of distribution; and the complete administration of estates.—
September 14 to February 27—Three times a week.
Text-Books.—Long's Domestic Relations; Mechem's Principles of Agency; Rood
on Wills; R. M. Benjamin's Principles of Sales (2d ed.); The Professor's Printed
Notes.
2. The Law of Contracts.
Professor Graves.
In this class, coming appropriately at the beginning of the Junior year,
an effort is made to give a thorough, though elementary, course in the
fundamentals of contract law—the formation, operation, and discharge of
contracts—with a full discussion of the doctrine of consideration, the requirements
of the Statute of Frauds, and the consequences of the various
kinds of illegality, whether at common law or by statute. The important
subject of Quasi-Contract also receives adequate attention. The textbook
on Contracts (Clark, following the analysis of Anson) is accompanied
by a volume of Illustrative Cases, and is supplemented by the Professor's
Printed Notes, explaining obscurities in the text, and calling attention to
the recent cases in Virginia and elsewhere.—September 14 to December 23
—Three times a week.
Text-Books.—Clark on Contracts (2d ed.); Hopkins's Cases on Contracts; The
Professor's Printed Notes.
3. The Law of Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
Professor Minor.
In the study of this subject the student is made familiar with the
general principles enforced by the courts in the administration of criminal
justice. He is instructed as to the nature and elements of the more important
crimes, both common law and statutory. Attention is given rather
to the acquisition of a thorough knowledge of the leading principles than
to the less important details, which, with a knowledge of the former, may
readily be acquired. The course of instruction further embraces a study
of the forms of procedure, the nature, organization and duties of the
courts, and of grand and petit juries; arrests and bail; indictments, presentments,
informations, and the various defenses, by way of demurrer,
plea, or otherwise; together with the ordinary incidents of a criminal trial,
such as challenges of jurors, motions for a new trial, bills of exceptions,
motions in arrest of judgment, and writs of error.
The last lectures of this course are devoted to the practical work of
drawing indictments, pleas in abatement and other criminal pleading, and
the making of motions for new trial, in arrest of judgment, etc.—September
14 to January 20—Three times a week.
Text-Books.—Clark's Criminal Law; Beale's Criminal Pleading and Practice;
The Professor's Notes.
4. Mercantile Law.
Professor Lile.
Adj. Prof. Dobie (1907-'08).
Under this head are grouped the subjects of Negotiable Instruments,
Insurance, and Partnership. The instruction is made as practical as
possible, by frequent use of the various mercantile instruments, as exhibits,
in the course of the lectures. In the study of the law of negotiable paper,
constant reference is made to the Negotiable Instruments Law, recently
enacted in many States, including Virginia, and likely to be adopted
throughout the country. In addition to the study of the general principles
of the law of insurance, attention is devoted to particular clauses most
usual in life, marine, and accident policies, and the New York Standard
fire policy is studied, clause by clause, in the light of judicial construction.—February
27 to end of session—Three times a week.
Text-Books.—Bigelow on Bills, Notes, and Cheques (Student's Series—2d ed.);
Vance on Insurance; Mechem on Partnership; The Negotiable Instruments Law;
The Professor's Notes.
5. Torts, Bailments, and Carriers.
Professor Graves.
The Law of Torts (or Non-Contract Law) is first taken up, and after
a full discussion of the General Principles underlying the subject, the
given to Personal Injuries by Negligence, Employers' Liability Acts (State
and Federal), and statutes concerning Death by Wrongful Act, Neglect,
or Default. In connection with the text-book, a volume of cases is used,
which serve to illustrate and impress the abstract principles by concrete
examples.
On the completion of Torts, the subject of bailments is entered upon,
and after an outline of the doctrines concerning the several kinds of
Bailees (including Innkeepers), the Law of Carriers (of goods and passengers)
is begun, and is considered with the fulness and thoroughness
due to this important topic. The recent legislation of Congress as to
carriers engaged in Inter-State Commerce is carefully considered.— From
January 3 to end of the session—Three times a week.
Text-Books.—Cooley on Torts (Lewis's Students' Ed., 1907); Chase's Cases on
Torts (ad ed.); Hutchinson on Carriers (2d ed.); The Professor's Notes.
6. Theory of Government; Constitutional Law;
International Law.
Professor Minor.
The first lectures of this course are devoted to the Theory and Practice
of Government. It is traced from its generally accepted origin—the
family—through its various stages to the modern forms, and effort is
made by reasoning and comparison to point out the benefits of good
government, the dangers of the bad.
This is followed by Constitutional Law, in the study of which close
attention is given to the judicial interpretation of the Federal Constitution,
and to the great constitutional principles prevailing throughout the
Union. As occasion demands, attention is called to the policy of various
acts of legislation, and the student is warned against such as tend to exceed
the limits of safe and constitutional restrictions. The checks and balances
of the constitution are pointed out, and by comparing it with other constitutions,
notably that of England, its weak as well as strong points are
developed. Especial attention is given to such important subjects as ex
post facto laws, laws impairing the obligation of contracts, due process of
law, trial by jury, the power of taxation and of eminent domain, the police
power, interstate commerce, etc.
In the lectures upon Public International Law are considered the
various rules which regulate the intercourse of one nation with another—
such as the principles governing the origin, recognition, and equality of
States; their rights in time of peace, and the means whereby they peaceably
procure the enjoyment of those rights; the laws of war, and the
neutral and belligerent States.—January 20 to May 7—Three times a week.
Text-Books.—Cooley's Principles of Constitutional Law (3d ed.); Davis' International
Law (2d ed.); The Professor's Notes.
SECOND YEAR COURSE.
7. Equity Jurisprudence and Procedure; Bankruptcy.
Professor Lile.
Adj. Prof. Dobie (1907-'08).
After consideration of the origin and rise of the chancery jurisdiction,
the student is led carefully through the usual subjects of equitable cognizance,
and thence into the methods of procedure, as recognized in the
High Court of Chancery in England, and as modified by statute or by rules
of court in America. The contrast between legal and equitable principles
and procedure is constantly adverted to, and the student is incited to the
appreciation and cultivation of the fine sense of moral right underlying the
doctrines of technical equity. The procedure in the Federal courts of
chancery and in the Chancery courts of Virginia (where the distinction
between legal and equitable procedure is still maintained) is made the
basis of instruction. Practical work is required in draughting the various
forms and pleadings, from the subpœna to the final decree.
In the law of Bankruptcy, sufficient instruction is given to afford to
the student a fair working knowledge of general principles, and effort is
made to secure as great familiarity as possible with the specific provisions
of the National Bankruptcy Act of 1898, and the prescribed rules of procedure
thereunder.—September 14 to February 1—Three times a week.
Text-Books.—Merwin's Equity; Text-books on Equity Practice and Bankruptcy
(to be announced); The Professor's Notes.
8. Pleading and Practice.
Professor Graves.
In this class the subjects are Pleading and Practice at common law,
and under the Virginia Statutes; and Federal Jurisprudence and Procedure.
These are all confined to civil cases at law; criminal procedure and
equity jurisdiction and procedure being taught elsewhere in the course.
An outline of the instruction in this class may be given as follows:
(1) The principles and rules of pleading at common law—an intimate
acquaintance with the common law rules and principles being insisted
upon as essential to a proper knowledge of pleading under any system.
(2) The organization and jurisdiction of the Virginia courts, and
the proceedings in a law suit from beginning to end, including appellate
proceedings; and the law of attachments, executions, homestead exemptions,
etc.
(3) The organization and jurisdiction of the Federal courts; removal
of causes from State to Federal courts; the conformity or non-conformity
of the procedure at law in the Federal courts with that in the courts of
the State wherein they are held; and appellate proceedings in the Federal
courts.—September 14 to March 8—Three times a week.
Text-Books.—Andrews's Stephen on Pleading; Hughes's Jurisdiction and Procedure
of the United States Courts; The Professor's Printed Notes on Pleading, and
Printed Questions; Burks's Printed Notes on Pleading.
9. The Law of Real Property.
Professor Minor.
The instruction in this class covers a detailed and careful study of the
subject of Real Property Law, in all its branches. The nature and several
kinds of real estate, and the various interests therein, with the principles
appertaining to each, curtesy and dower, the relations of landlord and
tenant, co-tenancies, the feudal tenures and principles, uses and trusts, the
far-reaching effects of the Statute of Uses, the conditions, covenants, and
other qualifications attached to conveyances of land, are reviewed at
length. The historical connection between ancient and modern doctrines of
conveyancing, with the statutory changes, are carefully traced. Remainders,
reversions, and executory limitations, and the principles governing
their creation, validity, and effect, together with the sources of title to
lands, whether by descent or by the manifold forms of purchase, and the
principles controlling each, the subjects of conveyances, contracts to convey,
wills of lands, adverse possession, the registry of instruments of
title, and the principles regulating the acquisition and validity of tax-titles,
are investigated in detail.
Throughout this course, emphasis is placed on common law principles,
and effort is made to give the student a clear comprehension of these, by
tracing them to their feudal or other sources, and by following them into
the modern forms they have assumed under the guiding hand of courts and
legislatures.
Several lectures are devoted to the practical drafting of deeds, contracts,
and wills, as these subjects are presented.—September 14 to March
25—Three times a week.
Text-Books.—To be announced.
10. The Law of Corporations.
Professor Lile.
Adj. Prof. Dobie (1907-'08).
In view of the modern development of the law of corporations, both
in extent and importance, increasing attention is devoted to this branch of
the curriculum. Among other subjects of lesser import, the lectures
the formation and enforcement of subscriptions for shares; corporate
duties, powers, and liabilities; the relations between the corporation
and the State, between the corporate body and its shareholders, officers,
agents, and creditors, and the reciprocal relations of these with one
another; the consolidation, dissolution, and winding up of corporations;
and the appointment, duties, and powers of receivers. The principles
applicable to municipal corporations, whether in their public or their
proprietary characters, are fully elucidated; the subjects of municipal taxation,
municipal bonds, franchises, rights and liabilities in connection with
streets, as affecting the municipality, the public generally, and the abutting
proprietors, are dealt with in detail.—February 1 to end of session—Three
times a week.
Text-Books.—Marshall on Corporations; Clephane on Business Corporations—
their Organization and Management; The Professor's Printed Notes on Private Corporations;
The Professor's Printed Notes on Municipal Corporations.
11. The Law of Evidence.
Professor Graves.
The principles of this subject are sought to be elucidated by the aid of
the latest and most philosophical expositions of evidence, notably those of
the late Professor James B. Thayer, of Harvard University, to whose
work, "A Preliminary Treatise on Evidence at the Common Law," constant
reference is made. The text-book used—Volume I of Greenleaf—is
edited by Professor Wigmore, and in it have been incorporated the results
of the historical research and scientific analysis of Professor Thayer and
others.
But while great attention is paid to the rationale of the law of evidence,
as indispensable to a mastery of its principles, the practical character
of the rules of evidence is not overlooked, and an earnest effort is made,
by careful consideration of the statutes and decisions, and the use of a
Volume of Illustrations, to give the student such a working knowledge of
the subject as will enable him to apply its principles in the course of
judicial investigations.—From March 8 to end of session—Three times a
week.
Text-Books.—Greenleaf on Evidence (16th ed., by Wigmore); Hughes's Illustrations
of Evidence; The Professor's Printed Questions.
12. The Conflict of Laws.
Professor Minor.
As the facilities of commerce and intercourse between the various
States and countries of the world increase, this subject becomes of graver
hands of text-writers and law-schools.
The course includes a discussion of the nature and various kinds of
domicil; the law governing status, and the conveyance of personal property
abroad; the validity, construction, and effect of foreign wills, successions,
and administrations; foreign marriages and divorces; transactions relating
to real estate; the execution, interpretation, and validity of foreign
contracts; the law governing the effect of foreign judgments in rem or in
personam; the recovery of damages for foreign torts; the situs of crimes;
the application of the lex fori; and the modes of pleading and proving
foreign laws.—March 25 to end of session—Three times a week.
Text-Book.—Minor on Conflict of Laws; The Professor's Notes.
MOOT COURT.
A Moot Court is organized by the students in the First Year's course
for the discussion of legal questions. Its meetings begin at the opening and
continue to the end of the session, with such interruptions only as are
incident to the proximity of the examinations. Attendance is voluntary,
as presence during the debates is intended to be a privilege and not a
burden. But every candidate for the degree is required to argue at least
one case in the Moot Court, and to hand in a carefully prepared brief of
his argument, with a digest of the authorities relied on. The questions are
chosen by the Law Faculty, one of whom presides over the discussions.
Interest and life are added to the proceedings by the open debate held
after the argument, the presiding judge acting as interlocutor, and leading
into the debate those whom diffidence prompts to silence.
The following gentlemen served as officers of the Moot Court during
the session of 1907-1908:
Oscar L. Shewmake, Newport News, Va.
Charles T. Jesse, Bowling Green, Va.
Associate Judges
John Nash, Portsmouth, Va.
Roy H. Pickford, Streets, Va.
Clerks
PRACTICE COURT.
The object of the Practice Court is to afford to the student practical
facility in the procedure which he will be called on to apply at the bar,
and to familiarize him with the whole proceedings in actions at law, and
suits in equity.
The Practice Court is presided over by members of the Law Faculty,
and is organized October 1, two weeks after the beginning of the session.
assigned work are obligatory on all candidates for graduation in Pleading
and Practice at Law, and in Equity Jurisprudence and Procedure.[7]
In Pleading and Practice at Law the Final Session of the Practice
Court (at which motions are made in open court) is treated, as to attendance,
as a part of the regular examination held in December.
Practice Court Hour.—In Pleading and Practice at Law, the hour will be on
Thursday, from 1 to 2 p. m., the term of the court continuing from October 1 to
December 23. In Equity Procedure, the hour will be on Thursday, from 10 to 11
a. m., the term of the court continuing from January 3 to March 15. The right is
reserved to change the Practice Court Day from Thursday to Saturday, if found
necessary. The Final Session of the Practice Court in Pleading and Practice at
Law will be held on the day preceding the last scheduled lecture in that subject
previous to the Christmas Suspension.
PRIZES.
Edward Thompson Company Prize.—This prize for the best thesis on
a subject assigned by the Law Faculty is awarded annually in a competition
open to members of the second year class, who are candidates for
graduation. It is donated by the Edward Thompson Company, of Northport,
N. Y., and consists of a set of the second edition of the American and
English Encyclopedia of Law (32 volumes), of the estimated value of $240.
The Edward Thompson Company Prize for the session of 1906-'07 was
awarded to Samuel Mayner Wallace, of Midway, Ky. The subject for the
thesis was: "Contracts by Common Carriers Limiting the Amount of
Their Liability for the Loss of Goods by Negligence."
LIBRARY—LEGAL BIBLIOGRAPHY.
The Law Library is accommodated by its own library rooms, separate
from the general University library. The rooms are heated by steam and
lighted by electricity, and are located with special reference to the convenience
of the law students. A librarian is in attendance during working
hours.
The library contains complete sets of the decisions of Alabama, Arizona,
Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho,
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota,
Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North
Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, United States Supreme
Court, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. It contains
the National Reporter System, complete; the American Decisions;
American Reports; American State Reports; Law Reports Annotated; a
in the form of general digests (including the Century) and Encyclopedias,
besides a large collection of text-books.
While the student is not encouraged too early to venture for himself
into either cases or text-books, save for the purpose of verifying or clearing
up some proposition of the lecture, or for the preparation of opinions
or briefs, he is incited to familiarize himself not only with the leading
cases to which his attention is called, but especially with the bibliography
of the law and the use of the books. To the latter subject, in addition to
the instruction incidentally given, several lectures are specially devoted.
The student is taught that books are the working tools of the lawyer, and
that facility in handling them, in the office and in the court room, is an
indispensable professional acquirement. He is instructed how to consult
authorities and run down cases; to distinguish doctrine from dicta; to
analyze, criticise, and compare cases; to distinguish imperative authority
from that which is persuasive only; to prepare briefs; and, generally, so
to accustom himself to law books and their use as to enable him to investigate,
with intelligence and skill, any question that may come within the
scope of his duty at the bar.
EXAMINATIONS AND DEGREES.
The degree of Bachelor of Laws (LL. B.) is conferred upon such
students as have attended two full sessions of nine months each (for
provision as to late entrance see page 176) of the law school, and who
manifest an intimate acquaintance with all the subjects embraced in the
course, evidenced by successfully passing all written examinations, and
who have satisfactorily performed the work of the Moot and Practice
courts and other assigned work.
Any one of the classes of the first or second year may be completed
separately. Upon the satisfactory completion of any class, a certificate is
issued to the student, followed by the diploma of graduation when (and
not until) all the examinations have been successfully passed.
Candidates for the degree, who in any session have less than one full
year's course to complete, may be required to take such additional work,
and to stand such additional examinations as shall be prescribed.
Fall Examinations.—The privilege of standing Fall examinations
is granted to candidates for graduation who have fallen slightly below
the required standard, and who have not more than two classes
to complete.
These Fall examinations for the session of 1908-1909 will begin
September 15, 1908, and will continue from day to day until completed,
in the following order: (1) Equity Jurisprudence and Procedure;
(2) Pleading and Practice; (3) Conflict of Laws; (4) Corporations;
(5) Evidence; (6) Real Property.
Admission to Advanced Standing.—No credit is given for attendance
at another law school, nor for time spent in private reading. The candidate
for graduation must spend both the Junior and Senior year in residence
here.
Preliminary Education.[8]
—Students, and their parents or guardians,
are warned that the Law is peculiarly an intellectual profession,
and demands for its successful prosecution, whether at the Law
School or in the broader fields of professional life, a well-trained
mind. If it be true that untrained intellects, in rare instances, under
diligent and persistent effort, develop after entrance upon practice,
such exceptional cases but serve to illustrate the rule, that out of a
given number of young men entering upon the study of the Law,
those with sound preliminary training will have incomparably the
advantage, while those without it will be seriously handicapped, and
are likely never to rise above mediocrity in their profession.
The experience of the Law Faculty—nay, of all law teachers—is,
that the standing and progress of law students are, in large measure,
in the ratio of their academic preparation. Young gentlemen are
therefore advised not to begin their legal studies until they have
completed an academic course approximating that ordinarily required
for the degree of Bachelor of Arts.
Special Students.—Students who can attend but a single session
are advised to take special courses, which the arrangement of the
classes readily permits. Over-zealousness, by which an ambitious
student is beguiled into the assumption of more work than he can
thoroughly master in a single year, leads to cramming and inaccuracy,
and often to complete failure. With this admonition, the special
student is free to select his own work. The following course is
suggested for students who propose to attend for a single session
only:
First year classes 1, 3, and 4 (see pp. 167-8); second year classes, 8,
9, and 11; or, if the student has already had some legal training,
numbers 7 and 10 of the second year may be added. The first course
suggested would require 15 hours, and the second 19½ hours, of class-work
a week.
Late Entrance.—Registration commences Thursday, September
10, and the work of the Law School begins promptly September 14,
and continues until the middle of June. Students are advised that late
entrance is a serious hindrance to progress. The student who enters
late must begin his work at the point to which the work has advanced
at the time of his entrance, and credit for a full year's attendance
cannot be given in case of entrance after November 1.
As regards conditions of admission in case of late entrance, reference
is made to the General Entrance Requirements, as stated on a
preceding page.
EXPENSES.
The necessary expenses at the University of a student in the Department
of Law may be estimated at from $330 upwards, according
to the mode of living, for each session. A fuller statement regarding
expenses may be found on preceding pages of this catalogue.
SCHEDULE OF LECTURES AND EXAMINATIONS.
1908-1909.
Law Department.
(Subject to change as circumstances may require.)
| Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday | |
| 9.30 to 11 | Prof. Graves | Prof. Graves | Prof. Graves | Prof. Graves | Prof. Graves | Prof. Graves |
| 2d year course | 1st year course | 2d year course | 1st year course | 2d year course | 1st year course | |
| 11 to 12.30[9] | Prof. Minor | Prof. Minor | Prof. Minor | Prof. Minor | Prof. Minor | Prof. Minor |
| 1st year course | 2d year course | 1st year course | 2d year course | 1st year course | 2d year course | |
| 12.30 to 2 | Prof. Lile | Prof. Lile | Prof. Lile | Prof. Lile | Prof. Lile | Prof. Lile |
| 2d year course | 1st year course | 2d year course | 1st year course | 2d year course | 1st year course |
Examinations, 1908-'09
| Persons (I) | November 24 |
| Contracts | December 23 |
| Criminal Law and Procedure | January 20 |
| Persons (II) | February 27 |
| Constitutional and International Law | May 7 |
| Mercantile Law | May 22 |
| Torts and Carriers | June 2 |
| Real Property (I) | November 19 |
| Pleading and Practice (I) | December 16 |
| Practice Court, Motion Session | December 22 |
| Equity and Bankruptcy | February 1 |
| Pleading and Practice (II) | March 8 |
| Real Property (II) | March 25 |
| Conflict of Laws | May 15 |
| Evidence | May 27 |
| Corporations | June 5 |
For several months after Christmas, Professor Minor will substitute one lecture to the first year class at three o'clock in the
afternoon in place of one of his morning lectures. For practice court hour, see page 174, note.
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE.
| EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D. C. L., LL. D., | President. |
| RICHARD HENRY WHITEHEAD, A. B., M. D., | Dean. |
| JOHN WILLIAM MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., F. R. S., | Professor of Chemistry |
| JOHN STAIGE DAVIS, M. A., M. D., | Professor of Practice of Medicine and Pediatrics |
| WILLIAM ALEXANDER LAMBETH, M. D., Ph. D., | Professor of Hygiene |
| RICHARD HENRY WHITEHEAD, A. B., M. D., | Professor of Anatomy |
| CHARLES HENRY BUNTING, B. S., M. D., | Professor of Pathology and Pathologist to the University Hospital |
| WILLIAM DOUGLAS MACON, M. D., | Professor of Obstetrics |
| THEODORE HOUGH, Ph. D., | Professor of Physiology |
| STEPHEN HURT WATTS, M. A., M. D., | Professor of Surgery and Gynecology |
| ROBERT MONTGOMERY BIRD, Ph. D., | Professor of Chemistry |
| HALSTEAD SHIPMAN HEDGES, M. A., M. D., | Professor of Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat |
| ———, | Professor of Pharmacology and Materia Medica |
| JAMES CARROLL FLIPPIN, M. D., | Adjunct Professor of Clinical Medicine and University Physician |
| CHARLES METCALFE BYRNES, B. S., M. D., | Adjunct Professor of Anatomy |
| HARVEY BRINTON STONE, A. B., M. D., | Adjunct Professor of Surgery and Gynecology |
| HARVEY ERNEST JORDAN, M. A., Ph. D., | Adjunct Professor of Anatomy |
| EDWARD MAY MAGRUDER, M. D., | Clinical Instructor in Physical Diagnosis |
| JOHN ALDINE NORFORD, M. D., | Instructor in Anatomy |
| HUGH THOMAS NELSON, M. D., | Clinical Instructor in Genito-Urinary Surgery |
| ROBERT FRENCH COMPTON, M. D., | Clinical Instructor in Diseases of the Ear, Nose, and Throat |
| MONTE LEWIS REA, M. D., | Clinical Instructor in Pediatrics |
| WADE HAMPTON BROWN, B. S., M. D., | Instructor in Pathology |
| RICHARD WINGFIELD GARNETT, M. D., | Clinical Instructor in Dermatology |
| WILLIAM HALL GOODWIN, B. A., | Assistant in Surgery |
| JOHN PIERPONT FLETCHER, | Assistant in Surgery |
| ERNEST ALEXANDER PURDUM, | Assistant in Physiology |
| JOHN BACHMAN SETZLER, A. B., | Assistant in Physiology |
| ALGERNON STUBBLEFIELD VAIDEN, | Assistant in Physiology |
| HENRY GRANT LIND, M. D., | Senior Interne in the Hospital |
| HERBERT GRASTY DICKIE, M. D., | Junior Interne in the Hospital |
| REGINALD BUCHANAN HENRY, M. D., | Junior Interne in the Hospital |
| ERNEST WINFIELD SCOTT, M. D., | Resident Dispensary Physician |
| JULIUS SHEPPARD MOORE, B. A., | Dispensary Pharmacist |
Requirements for Admission to the Medical Department.—Applicants
for admission to the work of the first year of the Course in
Medicine are required to present the diploma of a recognized institution
of collegiate rank; or a certificate of good standing in such an
institution; or the diploma of a recognized public or private high
school having at least a three years' course; or acceptable certificates
which represent work equivalent in amount and character to
such a high school course; and, in addition, to present satisfactory
evidence of the completion of college courses in physics, chemistry,
and biology equivalent to but not necessarily identical with those at
this institution. In consideration of educational acquirements in
other subjects, a student may be conditioned on physics or biology
(but not on both), this condition to be removed before entering on
the work of the second year. The requirement in biology may be
waived in the case of graduates of approved colleges and universities.
Applicants unable to satisfy these requirements by acceptable
certificates, in part or in whole, may remove their deficiencies by
satisfactory examinations.
Further information concerning the character of these requirements
and forms for certificates may be obtained by addressing the
Dean of the University, or Mr. Howard Winston, Registrar, at the
University.
Announcement of Change in Entrance Requirements beginning
with 1910.—From and after June 1, 1910, the minimum amount of
preparation necessary for admission to the Medical Department will
and, in addition, the completion of college courses in Inorganic
Chemistry, Physics, Biology and one Language, preferably German.
The work of each of the four years of the course in Medicine
continues through the nine months of the University session. Studies
included are arranged as follows:
During the first session: Chemistry; Normal Histology and Embryology;
Anatomy and Anatomy of Nervous System; Physiological
Chemistry.
During the second session: Physiology; Bacteriology; Pathology;
Anatomy; Pharmacology and Physical Diagnosis.
During the third session: Obstetrics; Materia Medica; Practice
of Medicine; Surgery; Gynecology; Clinical Diagnosis; Clinics.
During the fourth session: Neurology; Pediatrics; Therapeutics;
Hygiene; Surgery; Dermatology; Gynecology; Medical Jurisprudence;
Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat; Clinics.
An examination of this system will show that the work of the
first year is given to those sciences which are fundamental to the
entire work of the remaining part of the course; that of the second
year includes the study of those sciences, more distinctively medical,
which are based upon the work of the previous year, while they in
turn underlie the more strictly professional subjects of study; these
latter are begun in the second year, while the third and fourth years
are devoted wholly to them. The work of the first year is accompanied
by extensive practical work in the laboratory; the same is true
of the work of the second year, while in the third, and especially
the fourth year, the time of the student is devoted largely to practical
clinical instruction. The facilities afforded by the University for such
work will be more fully described in the statements which follow
concerning the different subjects included in the course.
Relations of the Student in the Second and Succeeding Years.—
For the purposes of this Department the attainment of a grade of
eighty per cent. upon a subject is regarded as satisfactory, and students
who obtain such grades are excused from further attendance
upon the subjects in question. Students who attain a grade less than
eighty per cent. but as much as seventy per cent. on one or more
subjects are entitled to admission to the Fall Examinations of the
following session as explained in a subsequent paragraph, when deficiencies
may be removed by satisfactory examinations. Those who
receive a grade of less than seventy per cent. on one or more subjects
are regarded as having failed thereon, and are required to take such
subject or subjects over during the succeeding year, without, however,
the payment of any additional fee. In general a student who
all the exercises of the course, and will not be excused from any
exercise thereof because of schedule conflicts with more advanced
work.
No student will be admitted to any subject of the second or
the third year if more than one-third of the work of the preceding
year remains unfinished. If at the beginning of the year his deficiencies
have not been made up by the satisfactory completion of courses
at some school approved by the instructors in charge at this University,
he may continue as a student in the Department of Medicine
only by repeating the entire work of the year in which he has
failed. In the interpretation of this rule the values of the subjects
of the first and second years are estimated by points as follows:
Anatomy 1, 16 points; Anatomy 2, 5 points; Chemistry 4, 7 points;
Organic Laboratory, 8 points; Histology, 14 points; Embryology, 6
points; Physiological Chemistry, 8 points. Anatomy 3, 16 points;
Physiology 2, 20 points; Bacteriology, 8 points; Pathology, 20 points.
Students will not be allowed to undertake the work of the third
or fourth year until they have completed that of the first year, save
by special consent of the Medical Faculty based in each case upon a
careful examination of the student's real interest.
A student may not be examined upon the entire course in any
subject more than three times. Failure upon the third trial involves
withdrawal from the Department of Medicine.
Advanced Standing.—Students are admitted to advanced standing
in the second and third years under the following conditions:
1. Satisfaction of the requirements for entrance into this Department.
2. The presentation of a certificate from an accredited school of
medicine showing that the applicant has completed work equivalent
to that maintained by this Department with a grade of at least eighty
per cent. in each subject for which credit is sought. Applicants complying
with these conditions will be admitted to advanced standing
without examination. Applicants who have not completed all of the
work of the year or years preceding that to which they seek admission
are admitted to the Fall Examinations under the conditions
stated in the first paragraph of the preceding section. The right is
reserved in every case to obtain satisfactory evidence of the genuineness
of a certificate by correspondence with the proper authority of
the school from which the applicant comes.
No credit can be allowed for time not spent in a regular school
of medicine; except that applicants holding the degree of A. B. or
B. S. from a reputable college or university will be admitted to the
of the first-year medical course.
A student who is already a graduate of a reputable school of
medicine may be received as a student in this Department for the
fourth year.
Certificates of Attendance.—Students who attend the whole regular
course of one or more of the four years are entitled to certificates
of attendance.
Requirements for Graduation.—The degree of Doctor of Medicine
is conferred by the University of Virginia upon candidates who have
complied with the entrance requirements of this Department; attended
a regular medical course of four years of at least eight months
each, the last two of which must have been at this institution; and
passed satisfactory examinations upon all of the subjects included in
the medical course.
Examinations.—These are in writing, accompanied in most subjects
by individual practical examinations. The regular examinations
are held at stated periods during the session. In addition, examinations
are held each year during the week immediately preceding the
beginning of lectures. To the latter are admitted:
1. Students of the previous session, who from illness or other
equivalent cause approved by the faculty, were unable to present
themselves for examination in any particular subject at the regular
time.
2. Students who at the regular examination of the preceding
year have attained a grade less than eighty per cent. but as much as
seventy per cent. on one or more subjects, as explained in a preceding
paragraph.
3. Certain applicants for advanced standing, as explained in the
paragraph under that heading.
The Fall Examinations for 1908-09 begin September seventh, and
close September twelfth. Application for admission to them should
be made in writing to Dr. R. H. Whitehead, Dean of the Department
of Medicine, not later than September first.
A General Oral Examination for Graduation is held at the close
of the sess on on all the different branches on which the candidate for
the degree of Medicine has passed during either that session or some
preceding one. This is intended to test the permanent acquisition
of such general knowledge as every practitioner of medicine should
possess.
Expenses.—The tuition fees are $110 for the first year, $100 for
the second year, $80 for the third year, and $60 for the fourth year.
fee (which entiles the student to the use of the library, the gymnasium,
to medical attention, etc.), an average of about $200 for living
expenses, and $20 for books.
CHEMISTRY.
Professor Mallet.
Professor Bird.
Chemistry 4, three hours weekly for the first two terms. Lectures
and recitations. In this course theoretical and organic chemistry are
taught, with incidental reference to the bearing of the facts brought forward
upon physiology, the practice of medicine, therapeutics, and sanitation.
Professor Mallet.
Organic Laboratory: Laboratory course.—Six hours weekly for
the first two terms. The principles of the different classes of compounds
of carbon are studied experimentally and the more important compounds
are prepared. A grade of 70 per cent. on this course is required for admission
to Physiological Chemistry (Physiology 1). Professor Bird.
ANATOMY.
Professor Whitehead.
Adjunct Professor Byrnes.
Adjunct Professor Jordan.
Dr. Norford.
The course in this subject extends through the entire first year and
the first six months of the second year. It is divided, for the sake of
convenience, as follows:
Anatomy I.—This begins with a systematic study of the bones,
on the completion of which a "part" (either the head and neck, upper
extremity and thorax, or lower extremity and abdomen) is assigned to
each student for dissection and study. Emphasis is placed upon the benefit
to be derived by the student who obtains his knowledge at first hand and
by his own personal efforts. While practical dissection and the consideration
of topographical relations make up the essential features of the course,
there are occasional lectures and frequent recitations, followed by a final
written examination in March. The satisfactory performance of the
laboratory work is essential to a passing grade. Dr. Whitehead.
Anatomy II.—In this course, given during the last ten weeks of
the first year, the central nervous system is studied in some detail. The
study begins with the spinal cord, its membranes, circulation, and gross
anatomy. One complete spinal cord is given to each two students. This
is followed by the microscopic study of sections from the more important
spinal segments.
The brain is then studied in a similar manner. In the gross study
one entire brain is furnished to each two students, supplemented by transverse
and sagittal sections. The microscopic sections consist of a transverse
series extending from the pyramidal decussation to the head of the
caudate nucelus, so arranged that each student will have at least twenty-five
sections in series, thus affording sufficient continuity of structure.
Great emphasis is attached to laboratory work, and the actual knowledge
of the specimens studied. This is supplemented by recitations, lantern
demonstrations, and occasional lectures. Dr. Byrnes.
Anatomy III.—This course is a continuation of Anatomy I, and
consists of the systematic dissection and study, by essentially the same
methods, of the parts not studied during the first year. From October 1st
through the second term of the second year. Dr.Byrnes.
Histology.—This course extends through the fall and winter
terms. Laboratory work, upon which special stress is laid, occupies nine
hours weekly, and is accompanied by a systematic course of lectures, study
of a text-book, and frequent recitations. The student's record in the course
will depend upon his recitations, laboratory drawing books, and final
examination, both written and practical. The course aims to acquaint the
student primarily with the microscopic structure of cells, tissues and
organs. Cytogenesis and histogenesis are briefly considered in the case
of many tissues studied; and the relation of the whole subject of histology
to pathology is never lost sight of. The student is also given opportunity
to acquaint himself with the principles and practice of histological technique.
The laboratory is excellently equipped with microscopes, paraffin
baths, microtomes, and various accessories essential to the most favorable
presentation of this course. Dr. Jordan and Dr. Norford.
Embryology.—This course is given in the spring term. The laboratory
work includes six hours a week, and is accompanied by lectures,
recitations and study of models and text-books. It strives to give the
student a knowledge of developmental processes, in the light of which he
may the better understand the more abstruse normal conditions of adult
anatomy, as well as many anomalies and variations, neoplasms and malformations.
The close correlation of obstetrics is recognized, and a correct
knowledge of the fetus and its membranes is taught from the embryological
approach. The course is made as practical as possible for the
student and practitioner of medicine. It begins with a consideration of
maturation phenomena, fertilization, segmentation, and the development
of the germ-layers. This study is made chiefly upon the ova and early
stages of an invertebrate, followed by a comparison in an amphibian. The
chick is used for the primary relations of the systems to one another; and
this is followed by the study of pig embryos, where each system is taken
up separately and the organology and histogenesis of its parts are studied.
studied in their variations among the amniota. Dr. Jordan and Dr.
Norford.
PHYSIOLOGY.
Professor Hough.
Mr. Purdum.
Mr. Setzler.
Mr. Vaiden.
The course of study in this subject begins with the spring term of the
first year and continues throughout the second year. It is divided as
follows:
Physiology 1: Physiological Chemistry.—Given in the spring
term of the first year. The fundamentals of physiological chemistry;
especially the chemical structure, properties, and reactions of the more
important compounds with which the student must deal in his subsequent
studies of physiology. Instruction is given by lectures, recitations, and
extensive laboratory work, for which ample facilities are provided. Practical
laboratory tests during the course, as well as a written examination
at the end, are required.
A grade of 70 per cent. on this course is required for admission to
Physiology 2. Open only to students who have attained a grade of 70 per
cent. in Professor Bird's course in Organic Chemistry.
Physiology 2.—Four hours weekly of lectures, recitations and
demonstrations throughout the second year; six hours weekly of
laboratory work throughout the first two terms. The physiology of muscle
and nerve; blood and lymph; the circulation; respiration; secretion;
digestion and nutrition; excretion; the sense organs, and the central nervous
system. The applications of physiology to personal hygiene are discussed
in conferences.
The satisfactory completion of the laboratory work is as necessary to
a clear record as the passing of final examinations. Open only to students
who have obtained a grade of 70 per cent. in Histology and Physiological
Chemistry.
BACTERIOLOGY.
Professor Bunting.
Dr. Brown.
Bacteriology is taught as a laboratory subject during the fall
term of the second year. In it the students are acquainted with the
methods of the modern bacteriological laboratory, through their actual
employment, and acquire a working knowledge of the more important
pathogenic organisms. The laboratory is well equipped with the apparatus
necessary for such a course.
The practical laboratory work is supplemented by lectures and recitations
on the general biology of bacteria, on their relation to infection and
disease, and on immunity.
PATHOLOGY.
Professor Bunting.
Dr. Brown.
The course in Pathology is a direct continuation of the course in
Bacteriology, instruction being given in it from the Christmas recess until
the close of the year. Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Histology
are taught in the laboratory by the study of gross and miscroscopic specimens
following a descriptive lecture, and with personal demonstrations by
the instructing staff. The principles of General Pathology which cannot
be fully treated in the laboratory are considered in lectures and recitations
throughout the course.
The conduct of autopsies and the recording of results are taught in
the post mortem service at the University Hospital.
Open only to students who have obtained a grade of 80 per cent. in
Histology.
OBSTETRICS.
Professor Macon.
This subject is presented to the student by lectures, with frequent oral
examinations, by a series of manikin demonstrations, by work with the
living subject in the wards of the Hospital, and by attendance on patients
in the out-patient obstetric service connected with the Dispensary.
The manikin course forms an important part of the work not only for
teaching presentation, position and posture, but also the mechanism of
normal and abnormal labor, and application of forceps. The class is
divided into sections of five each, and a knowledge of the manikin work
will form a part of the examination for graduation in this department.
After a section has finished the manikin course, it is taken into the
wards of the Hospital, where the methods of examination, particularly
abdominal palpation, are practised on the living subject. Each section is
required to fill up a carefully prepared form, so that all the details of the
case of the patient before labor is made familiar to the student.
The number of out-patient cases is increasing year by year and is
becoming an important part of the teaching. The clinical assistant in
obstetrics is prepared at any time to accompany a student to the home of a
patient, and is provided with the necessary armamentarium for conducting
a case. The large negro population in the neighborhood of Charlottesville
affords a class of patients which presents all the difficulties to clean work
for one who is trying to educate an "aseptic center." If asepsis can be
secured in a hovel it can be preserved in a palace. The student is thus
taught how to manage cases by himself and at the same time avoids falling
into the slovenly habits he is sure to form without proper guidance.
PHARMACOGNOSY.
Professor Lambeth.
The Department is provided with a good collection of drugs, both
crude and prepared, with which the students are made familiar as dealt
with in the lectures. Exercises in prescription-writing are given weekly
for several months, these exercises being required both in the ordinary
English or apothecary system and the French or metric system. The
course is in part a laboratory course, students working in sections which
vary in size according to the work in hand. The practical experience given
is intended to acquaint the student as thorough with the
physical and chemical properties of the materials used in the treatment of
disease, to which he will find it much easier to add the physiological action,
than if he had approached the subject first from the medical side.
SURGERY AND GYNECOLOGY.
Professor Watts.
Adjunct Professor Stone.
THIRD YEAR.
The course in Surgery begins in the third year and continues
through the fourth year. In the third year the class room work consists
of lectures and recitations, as arranged in the schedule, in which the
Principles and Practice of Surgery, Surgical Diseases, Surgical Diagnosis,
etc., are thoroughly discussed. This also includes the surgical specialties,
Orthopedics, Genito-urinary Surgery, etc.
The laboratory work in the third year consists of a course in Surgical
Pathology and another in Operative Surgery. The first deals with the
gross and microscopic diagnosis of the more important surgical lesions.
The operative work is done upon cadavers and the lower animals. In the
case of the latter the operations, performed with all the technical care
exercised in human surgery, teach anesthetization, the handling of
living tissues, and the various operative procedures.
The Dispensary course in the third year gives opportunities for diagnosis
and treatment of clinical cases under close personal supervision.
Experience in dressings, bandaging, anesthesia, and minor surgery is
afforded. Surgical appliances and technique are demonstrated to the
students, divided into small groups.
FOURTH YEAR.
In the fourth year the instruction is carried on by clinics and bed-side
demonstrations in the hospital. In the wards the students are assigned
cases, whose histories they must take, make complete physical and clinical
examinations, urine analyses, blood examinations, etc. In the ward rounds
the diagnosis, operative and other treatment, post operative care of the
cases, complications, prognosis, etc., are discussed in detail. A large
variety of cases is available, and the close contact of the students with
their cases and with the routine of hospital management offer many of
the opportunities that an internship affords.
In the operating rooms the students, in small groups, take part in the
operations, thus acquiring familiarity with technique, anesthetization, etc.
Those of the class who are not assisting, witness the operations, whose
important features are demonstrated to them.
The course in Gynecology follows closely the outlines already
described for surgery. In the third year the general principles of gynecology
are taken up in lectures and recitations. In addition, the dispensary
affords practice in palpation, diagnosis and treatment.
In the fourth year the students have the same general work as in
surgery, consisting of the examination and recording of cases in the
public wards, attendance on ward rounds, at which the cases are discussed,
and observation and assistance in the operating rooms.
PRACTICE OF MEDICINE.
Professor Davis.
Adjunct Professor Flippin.
Dr. Magruder.
The Theory and Practice of Medicine is taught in a systematic
course of lectures, which are supplemented by clinical teaching at the
Dispensary and Hospital, during the third and fourth years.
Nervous Diseases and Insanity are taken up in the fourth year,
and in connection with them instruction in electro-therapeutics is given.
The graduating class is divided into two sections, each of which
devotes itself for half the year to the medical service in the wards of the
hospital. Full histories are taken of every case, thorough examinations
made, and management indicated by the students of each division under
daily instruction.
The same plan is pursued with the students of the third year at the
Dispensary three times a week.
A practical examination in diagnosis and treatment is required of each
student at the end of the fourth year.
PEDIATRICS.
Professor Davis.
Dr. Rhea.
This course of lectures is intended to point out in a brief way how
disease is modified by childhood and to indicate how the difficulties of
diagnosis and treatment due to an early age may be best encountered. The
student is taught how to prepare food for infants. Instruction in the
practical details of the subject will be given as far as possible by work
at the Dispensary and in the wards of the Hospital.
MATERIA MEDICA.
Professor Lambeth.
This course embraces not only the most important drugs of the last
revision of the U. S. Pharmacopœia, but also such members of the newer
materia medica as bid fair to become official. In addition to the physiological
action of the drugs, stress is laid upon the chemistry of all active
principles that may influence their administration or combination.
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS.
Adjunct Professor Flippin.
The purpose of this course is to familiarize the student with modern
laboratory methods as applied to the diagnosis of disease. The systematic
examination of blood, sputum, vomitus, urine, fæces, exudates, transudates
and milk is first practiced; after which, specimens from selected cases
in the wards of the Hospital are studied with reference to the application
of information thus obtained to the recognition of specific
diseases.
THERAPEUTICS.
Adjunct Professor Flippin.
The subject of Therapeutics is taken up among the studies of the
fourth year. The range of the work embraces both general and special
therapeutics, whether rational or empirical, but a constant effort will be
made throughout to trace those general underlying principles, the existence
of which alone enables this subject to be called a science. The
method pursued will be that of taking up in order the perversions of the
various organs and functions rather than the specific forms of disease.
DERMATOLOGY.
Professor Davis.
Dr. Garnett.
A brief course of lectures is given on this subject embodying a consideration
of the commoner diseases met with in medical practice. At the
Dispensary two clinics a week throughout the year are devoted to the
diseases of the skin. The senior class is divided into sections for the
work in this branch. After a brief review of the anatomic and histologic
structure and of the physiology of the skin, the diseases most commonly
met with are discussed.
The clinical material available at the University Dispensary will be
utilized to the best advantage to give the students a practical working
knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of affections of the skin.
DISEASES OF THE EYE, EAR, NOSE AND THROAT.
Professor Hedges.
Dr. Compton.
In these subjects two lectures a week for the first half of the year
will be given the fourth year class. The aim of the course will be to train
the general practitioner in the diagnosis and treatment of such conditions
as are met in daily practice,—that he may not refer to a perhaps distant
"specialist" cases which should be treated at home and that he may refer
intelligently and promptly such cases as do need the attention of a specially
trained worker.
Clinics in the Dispensary will be held twice weekly throughout the
session. Here students will be taught individually the uses of the ophthalmoscope,
head-mirror, etc., and methods of diagnosis and treatment.
Cases in the University Hospital will be demonstrated to small sections
of the class at a time.
HYGIENE.
Professor Lambeth.
The course begins with an historical sketch of the development of
preventive medicine, including short biographical sketches of the pioneers
of Hygiene. With this introduction the story of the natural history of
contagious and infectious diseases, modes of propagation and methods of
prevention engage the attention of the student. With this preparation, the
chemical and bacteriological contamination of food, water, air, and soil is
made an important study. Instruction is also begun in the proper location
and construction of habitations, hospitals, schoolhouses, etc., with especial
Notice is taken of the special relations involved in military and naval
hygiene.
MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE AND TOXICOLOGY.
Professor Mallet.
In this course the general relations of medicine to law are discussed,
and the duties and rights of the medical expert as a witness, with a study
of the poisons most commonly needing attention in their chemical and
physiological aspects. The other special branches of legal medicine and
surgery are taken charge of by the other professors of the Medical Department,
to whose chairs the several subjects are naturally most cognate.
THE DISPENSARY.
Dr. Davis.
Dr. Magruder.
Dr. Hedges.
Dr. Flippin.
Dr. Stone.
Dr. Rea.
Dr. Nelson.
Dr. Garnett.
Dr. Compton.
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS.
| Director of Dispensary, | Dr. Stone. |
| Resident Physician, | Dr. Scott. |
| Resident Pharmacist, | Mr. Moore. |
| Head Nurse, | Miss Isla Bragg. |
The Dispensary has been renovated and newly equipped, so that it
now affords the necessary facilities for conducting useful and scientific
clinics. In the past about fifteen hundred cases have been treated annually,
and this number should now increase. The students are divided into
small sections, and are required to examine, record, treat, and follow each
case that comes to the clinic. The work is done under the close personal
supervision of the various instructors, and gives experience in handling
patients which can only be obtained from actual practice. The work is
divided as follows:
| General Medicine, | Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 3 to 5 P. M. |
| General Surgery and Gynecology, | |
| Genito-Urinary, | Tuesday and Thursday, 3 to 5 P. M. |
| Pediatrics; Dermatology; | |
| Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat, | Tuesday and Saturday, 3 to 5 P. M. |
THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HOSPITAL.
This Hospital is the property of the University, and is under the
exclusive control of its Medical Faculty. It was designed and is administered
as a teaching hospital, being so arranged that free use can be made
privacy of other patients.
The buildings are arranged upon the pavilion system, consisting of a
central structure, four stories in height, devoted to the purposes of administration,
and two wings. The administration building contains, on the
main floor, reception and consultation rooms; an amphitheater and private
operating rooms, with sterilizing and anesthetizing rooms attached, and an
X-ray room. The upper floors furnish accommodation for the nurses of
the training schools, while the basement contains the heating plant, laundry,
kitchen, etc. From this building corridors in three stories lead out to
the wards. These wards, having a capacity of about eighteen beds each,
are beautifully lighted, have direct indirect hot-water radiators, and forced
ventilation. Opening from each ward on the east is a large protected
porch, of great value to convalescents. The south wing has been in use
for several years; the new north wing, completed in 1907, gives the Hospital
a capacity of about 120 beds. The equipment throughout is new,
and conforms in all respects to the best usage of the day.
During the past year the number of patients has steadily increased,
and the range of influence of the Hospital has been greatly widened,
patients being received from all parts of the State.
Attention is particularly called to the fact that this hospital, with
its associated dispensary, constitutes a valuable adjunct to the teaching
facilities of the Medical School. The variety of cases presented, and more
especially the opportunities offered for a thorough study of the individual
case, afford unusually satisfactory conditions for clinical instruction.
HOSPITAL STAFF.
Hospital Board: Drs. Whitehead, Davis, Watts, Hedges, Macon,
Bunting, Flippin, Stone.
Visiting Staff: The visiting staff consists of the Hospital Board
and the Clinical Instructors in the Dispensary.
Director of Hospital: Dr. Watts.
House Surgeon: Dr. Lind.
Assistant House Surgeons: Drs. Henry and Looney.
Superintendent of Nurses: Miss Florence Besley.
Head Nurse: Miss Isla Bragg.
Dietician: Miss Grace Besley.
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HOSPITAL
TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSES.
This School was established in 1901, and its first class was graduated
in June, 1903. Its aim is to give young women, desirous of acquiring the
art of nursing, the same care and thorough training in their calling which
is now afforded young men studying the science of medicine. Instruction
in the primary branches of medicine is given to pupil nurses by the
professors in the Medical Department of the University of Virginia, while
the clinical instructors at the University Hospital give lectures upon their
respective courses. Three years is the required time for graduation, and
all candidates must enter prepared to go through the full course of
instruction and hospital training.
Candidates for the school should apply in their own handwriting to
the Superintendent of Nurses, University Hospital, Charlottesville, Va.
These applications must be accompanied by certificates of good character,
good health, and sufficient education to profit by the instruction offered.
No candidate under twenty-one years of age, or over thirty-five, will be
received.
Pupil Nurses: Misses Elizabeth Baker, Caroline Bragg, Evelyn
Mackreth, Georgia Nottingham, Caroline Watson, Myrtle Smith, Willie
Morrow, Fannie Fry. There are seven probationers in the Fall Class.
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HOSPITAL NURSES' EXCHANGE.
Misses Virginia Bailey, Grace Herndon, Mary Jones, Alice Leathers,
Robinette Tompkins, Ada Wilton, Emma Wood, Lyla Brockenbrough,
Mary Fletcher.
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING.
| EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D. C. L., LL. D., | President. |
| WILLIAM MYNN THORNTON, LL. D., | Dean. |
| FRANCIS HENRY SMITH, M. A., LL. D., | Emeritus Professor of Natural Philosophy. |
| WILLIAM MORRIS FONTAINE, M. A., | Professor of Geology and Mineralogy. |
| WILLIAM MYNN THORNTON, LL. D., | Professor of Applied Mathematics. |
| FRANCIS PERRY DUNNINGTON, B. S., C. E., | Professor of Analytical Chemistry. |
| JOHN WILLIAM MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., F. R. S., | Professor of General and Industrial Chemistry. |
| WILLIAM HOLDING ECHOLS, B. S., C. E., | Professor of Pure Mathematics. |
| JAMES MORRIS PAGE, M. A., Ph. D., | Professor of Pure Mathematics. |
| ROBERT MONTGOMERY BIRD, Ph. D., | Professor of Inorganic Chemistry. |
| THOMAS LEONARD WATSON, Ph. D., | Professor of Economic Geology. |
| LEWIS LITTLEPAGE HOLLADAY, B. S., | Adjunct Professor of Electrical Engineering. |
| CHARLES MILLAR McKERGOW, M. S., | Adjunct Professor of Mechanical Engineering. |
| JOHN LLOYD NEWCOMB, A. B., C. E., | Adjunct Professor of Civil Engineering. |
| LLEWELLYN GRIFFITH HOXTON, M. A., | Adjunct Professor of Physics. |
| JOHN WINFREE WEST, M. E., | Instructor in Drawing. |
| WALTER JONES LAIRD, | Instructor in Shop-Work. |
| G. F. RADCLIFFE JACKSON, | Assistant in Shop-Work. |
| JOHN MORIN GALLALEE, | Assistant in Shop-Work. |
| JOHN JENNINGS LUCK, M. A., | Instructor in Mathematics. |
| WILLIAM BEVERLEY STONE, M. A., Ph. D., | Instructor in Mathematics. |
| JAMES NEWTON MICHIE, B. A., | Instructor in Mathematics. |
| CHARLES WATSON GIVENS, B. A., | Instructor in Mathematics. |
| HARRY CLO, M. S., | Instructor in Physics. |
| WILSON STANLEY BUTLER, B. A., | Instructor in Physics. |
| STANLEY REEVES, B. A., | Assistant in Physics. |
| CHARLES METCALFE BYRNES, B. S., M. D., | Assistant in Chemistry. |
| STAPLETON DABNEY GOOCH, | Assistant in Chemistry. |
| TURNER MOREHEAD HARRIS, A. B., | Assistant in Chemistry. |
| BERNARD HEWETT KYLE, B. S., | Assistant in Chemistry. |
| COLIN MACKENZIE MACKALL, | Assistant in Chemistry. |
METHODS OF INSTRUCTION.
The Department of Engineering is conducted by a Faculty of
twenty-nine professors and other instructors. It furnishes complete
four-year courses leading to degrees in each of the four great divisions
of Engineering—Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, and Mining. Their
common basis is the axiom that clear understanding and firm grasp
of scientific principles furnish the only sure foundation for the labors
of the modern scientific engineer. Their aim is to secure:
First, thorough drill in Pure and Applied Mathematics, without
which no engineer can justly pretend to a sound knowledge of his
profession.
Second, broad, accurate and thorough training in those Pure and
Applied Sciences, of which rational engineering is simply the concrete
expression.
Third, adequate knowledge of the Special Elective Topics, which
constitute the subject matter of each great division of Engineering
Science.
The methods of instruction employed to effect this aim are thorough,
rational, and modern. The courses are given by the joint use
of text-books and lectures. They are made objective by parallel practical
courses in the drafting room, the shop, the laboratory and the
field. They are enforced by daily oral examinations, by frequent
written reviews, by copious exercises in drafting and computation,
and by abundant illustration from experiments and specimens. At
the end of each term the student's mastery of the course is tested
by a rigid written examination, and his fitness for graduation is
judged by the combined result of term work and examination grades.
an intelligent mastery of scientific method and with this aim in view
certain departures have been made from the more ordinary routine
processes of engineering education.
The Drafting Exercises are not separated from and independent
of the theoretical studies, designed to give merely a technical mastery
of the draftman's tools. They run parallel with the lecture course,
and are used to illustrate and enforce its lessons. Each problem assigned
is made, if possible, an exercise not only in drawing but in
design, and serves to cultivate power of analysis as well as manual
skill.
The Laboratory Exercises begin with the beginning of the Student's
work and continue to the end. Like the drafting exercises they
run parallel with the lecture course, or are the objective prelude to it.
As far as is possible each student verifies for himself by actual tests
and measurements the fundamental laws of engineering science.
The Field-work is planned to secure in every candidate for a degree
in Civil Engineering or in Mining Engineering thorough understanding
of the standard field instruments and rapidity and precision
in their use. It occupies the afternoon hours of both the Fall and
Spring terms of the first two years. Students of Civil Engineering
have also extended courses in railway surveying and location as part
of their elective work. Students of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
are given a shorter course, occupying the afternoon hours
of the Spring Term of the first year.
The Shop-work is planned for engineers rather than for artisans.
It aims to secure in every candidate for a degree in Mechanical or
Electrical Engineering intelligent ideas as to the action of hand tools,
the construction and uses of machine tools, and the characteristic
properties of constructive materials. In executing the required exercises
the student acquires not only a certain manual dexterity but
sound conceptions of the meaning and necessity of precision in workmanship.
It is deemed unwise, however, to divert the energy and
interest of the student from the higher problems of his calling in
the vain hope of making him a skilled mechanic.
COURSES OF STUDY.
The following condensed summary gives by title the various
courses of study offered in the Engineering Department, arranged in
an orderly curriculum of four years. Those courses, for which no
special note is given, must be taken by all candidates for degrees.
The special elective courses are in each case followed by a note,
showing the degree for which they are required. The name of the
Arabic numbers are for lectures on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday;
Roman for lectures on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday.
The courses are so ordered that the specified entrance requirements are
adequate for the work of the First Year. Each succeeding year presupposes
the completion of the work for all the foregoing years. Students
are advised to adhere strictly to the regular programmes. The arrangements
specified in them have been carefully planned and are the best.
Haphazard election is discouraged and in extreme cases will be prohibited.
No student will be registered for a course unless in the opinion both
of the Dean and of the professor his preliminary training has fitted him
for the successful pursuit of that course.
Students are especially advised against the attempt to crowd too
many studies into their scheme of work, and are warned that admission
to advanced courses will be granted only to those who have
adequate mathematical and scientific training to profit by them. Men
overloaded with work, too great in volume or in difficulty for their
powers, suffer inevitable discouragement and incur almost certain
failure.
SCHEDULE OF LECTURE AND LABORATORY HOURS.
1908-1909.
| Hour | Mon. Wed. Fri. | Tues. Thurs. Sat. | Hour |
| 9 | Applied Mathematics 4 | Applied Mathematics 3 | 9 |
| Mathematics 1 | |||
| 10 | Applied Mathematics 1 | Applied Mathematics 2 | 10 |
| Physics 2 | Analytical Chemistry 1 | ||
| Chemistry 1 | |||
| 11 | Mathematics 2 | Physics 1 | 11 |
| Electrical Engineering 1 | Electrical Engineering 2 | ||
| Civil Engineering 1 | Civil Engineering 2 | ||
| 12 | Economic Geology 1 | Mechanical Engineering 1 | 12 |
| Drawing 1 | Drawing 2 | ||
| Mechanical Laboratory 2 | Chemical Laboratory 1 | ||
| 1 | Economic Geology 2 | Mechanical Engineering 2 | 1 |
| Drawing 1 | Mining Engineering | ||
| Mechanical Laboratory 2 | Drawing 2 | ||
| Chemical Laboratory 1 | |||
| 3—5.30 | Chemistry 2: lectures 3—4.30; Mon. Wed. Fri. | 3—5.30 | |
| Mechanical Laboratory (material and machine tests). | |||
| Shop Work (Fall and Winter) Field Work (Fall and Spring). | |||
FIRST YEAR COURSE.
The work of this course is designed for students who have satisfied
the standard entrance requirements in Algebra and Geometry.
Only students who have accomplished this amount of preparatory
work will be admitted to it.
Pure Mathematics 1. [Page, IX.]
The Fall Term is given to a vigorous review of Solid Geometry,
the Winter Term to Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, the Spring
Term to Higher Algebra (Series, Determinants, Theory of Equations,
and the Solution of Numerical Equations of the higher degrees).
Numerous original exercises are set for solution. The class is subdivided
into sections, so that every student receives constant and
vigorous drill. Those who show defective preparation in the daily
orals and monthly written tests are required to take extra review
lessons with the instructors. The ordinary High School course in
Solid Geometry is not an equivalent for the work of the Fall Term in
this class. Students who venture to omit this often fail in Descriptive
Geometry.
Applied Mathematics 1. [Thornton, 10.]
In this class the topics studied are Surveying, Mechanical Drawing,
Descriptive Geometry, and Shades and Shadows and Perspective.
In the Fall Term Mechanical Drawing and the construction, use and
adjustment of the Level, the Transit, and the Compass are taught.
In the Winter Term the time is given to Descriptive Geometry and
the Theory of Computations of Surveying. In the Spring Term the
work is on Shades and Shadows and Perspective, and on the more
advanced topics of Stadia Surveying, Mine Surveying, City Surveying,
and engineering methods for the determination of Latitude,
Azimuth and Time. One lecture a week throughout the year is given
to the Surveying.
Chemistry 1. [Bird, X.]
In this class the topics studied are the fundamental principles
and the significant phenomena of Inorganic, Organic, and Physical
Chemistry. The foundations of qualitative analysis are taught at
appropriate places throughout the course. No previous study of
chemistry is demanded; but for students who have received preliminary
instruction in a chemical laboratory, exercises of a somewhat
more advanced type are assigned. The engineering students
reference to engineering problems.
Drawing 1. [West, 12—2.]
In this course the student executes each week under the personal
supervision of the instructor a plate 15 by 20 inches, the entire
course consisting of thirty such plates. The work is first completely
finished in pencil. It is then submitted to the instructor, who notes
all errors whether of principle or technique, and returns the plate
to the student for correction. After the plate has been corrected
by the student and approved by the instructor, it is carefully finished
in ink by the student and handed in for grading. The Fall Term
is given to Mechanical Drawing, the Winter Term to Topographical
Drawing, and the Spring Term to Shades and Shadows and Perspective
Drawing.
Shop-Work 1. Required for M. E. and E. E. [Instructors; Afternoon
Hours.]
The Fall Term is given to Wood-work, the Winter Term to
Pattern-making. The class is divided into sections, each containing
not over sixteen men. These are carefully drilled by competent instructors
in the use of hand tools, the accurate execution of the
standard joints used in construction, the use of the lathe, and the
operation of the simpler machine-tools for wood-working. The principles
of moulding are then taught, and the analysis of patterns and
core boxes is carefully given. The student is then required to execute
for himself a number of simple examples of typical patterns. In the
Spring Term the class is broken up into squads of five men and each
squad is carefully drilled in the use and adjustments of the most
important field instruments and in Plane Surveying. Special attention
is given to such exercises as are of peculiar interest and value
to Mechanical and Electrical Engineers.
Field-Work 1. Required for C. E. and E. M. [Instructors; Afternoon
Hours.]
The class is divided into squads of five men and each squad is
placed in charge of a competent instructor. Careful individual drill
is then given first in the setting up of the instruments, next in the
use of the instruments for measurement of lengths, elevations, angles
and azimuths. All the fundamental problems of Field Engineering
are thus solved on the ground and the men are carefully taught the
best methods of executing the surveys, keeping the notes, and reducing
in Leveling, Traversing, and Land Surveying. In the Spring Term
they are taught the Location of Simple Curves, Slope-staking for
Earthworks, and Topographical Surveying. In the Winter Term the
time is given to instruction in Computation, in Platting surveys and
profiles, and in the use of the Planimeter and of the Pantograph.
At the end of each term a careful practical examination is given to
every student on the adjustments and uses of the instruments employed
in his work.
SECOND YEAR COURSE.
The necessary preparation for the successful pursuit of this
course is the completion of the First Year Course, or its equivalent,
and for students with only this amount of training the diligent study
of Mathematics 2 is essential to progress in the other classes.
Pure Mathematics 2. [Echols, 11.]
The Fall Term is given to the Analytical Geometry of the point,
the straight line, the circle, and the conic sections. During the Winter
Term the study of the Differential Calculus is taken up with its
applications to the geometry of the plane curves. In the Spring Term
the Integral Calculus and its geometrical applications are studied.
The methods of instruction are the same as in Mathematics 1.
Numerous original exercises are set for solution and the progress
of the student is constantly tested by oral examinations and by written
reviews.
Applied Mathematics 2. [Thornton. X.]
The studies of this class furnish an introduction to Theoretical
and Applied Mechanics. The Fall Term is given to a course in
General Mechanics, in which the fundamental doctrines of motion,
force, and energy are developed and applied to the study of the
simpler problems in the Statics and Dynamics of material particles
and rigid bodies. In the Winter Term the general method of Graphical
Statics is developed and applied to the study of the strength of materials
and to the analysis of engineering structures. In the Spring
Term a course is given in Hydrostatics in which the fundamental
propositions concerning the equilibrium and pressure of fluids are
carefully developed and applied to a series of important problems.
The elementary principles of Hydraulics are also taught.
Physics 1. [Hoxton, XI.]
The Fall Term is devoted to the study of Experimental Mechanics
and Sound. In the Winter Term the topics followed are Light and
Heat. The Spring Term is given to an elementary course in Elec-
planned laboratory course of six hours per week, in which the
student is taught the methods and routine of physical measurements
and learns to verify for himself the great laws of experimental
physics.
Drawing 2. [West, XII-II.]
The Fall Term in this course is given to Machine Drawing, the
Winter Term to Graphical Statics, and the Spring Term to Structural
Drawing and Design. The student executes each week under the
direction of the instructor a plate 15 by 20 inches, the subjects being
as far as possible so chosen as to illustrate and enforce the associated
lecture courses. The entire course comprises thirty plates.
Shop-Work 2. Required for M. E. and E. E. [Instructors; Afternoon
Hours.]
The Fall Term is given to the Machine Shop, the Winter Term
to the Foundry. The preliminary exercises with hand tools for chipping,
filing, and scraping are followed by careful instruction as to
the construction of the engine lathe and practice in its use. The
other machine tools of fundamental importance are then studied in
the same way and practical exercises are given on the shaper, planer,
drill press, milling machine, and grinding machine. In the Foundry
the methods of tempering the sand, making moulds of green sand
and of loam, and moulding and baking cores are then taught. Finally,
each squad is practised in the management of the cupola and in taking
off a heat.
Field-Work 2. Required for C. E. and E. M. [Instructors; Afternoon
Hours.]
The methods of instruction are the same as these described in
detail under Field-work 1. The exercises of the Fall Term include
advanced problems in Curve Location, Stadia Surveying, and the
Location of the True Meridian. In the Spring Term the squads are
taught how to take observations for Latitude, Azimuth, and Time
with the Complete Transit and with the Solar Transit, and are
practised in the routine of Base Measurements and Triangulation, and
in Barometric Leveling. The course terminates with a thorough
practical examination on the adjustments and uses of the field instruments
of the engineer.
Mechanical Laboratory 1. [McKergow and Instructors; Afternoon
Hours.]
The class is divided into squads so small that each man receives
the personal care of an instructor. The work of the Fall Term consists
in a careful study of the standard methods for testing Hydraulic
Cements. In the Winter Term a similar course is given in Timber
Tests, with both small specimens and full sized beams. In the Spring
Term the principal Metals used in Construction are taken up and
tested for strength, elasticity and other important properties.
THIRD YEAR COURSE.
Only students who have a good working knowledge of the
Calculus and of Mechanics are admitted to the studies of this year,
and for these the work of Applied Mathematics 3 is an essential to
success in the technical engineering courses.
Applied Mathematics 3. [Thornton, IX.]
The studies of this class constitute a more advanced course in
Applied Mechanics. The Fall Term is given to Strength of Materials,
the Winter Term to the Stability of Structures and the Spring Term
to Hydraulics and Hydraulic Motors. Associated with the lecture
courses are abundant practical exercises in computation and in laboratory
measurements and stream gaugings.
Economic Geology 1. [Watson, 12.] Required for C. E. and E. M.
The studies of this class constitute a course in General Geology
designed to meet the especial needs of the Engineering student. The
divisions of Dynamical, Structural, and Physiographical Geology are
covered in considerable detail. Special emphasis is given to the instruction
on the common rock-forming minerals and rocks, building
stones and ores. Three lectures are given each week, with nine
additional hours for laboratory and field work and private study.
To gain the full benefit of this course some preliminary knowledge
of Physical Geography is essential. Students of Civil and Mining
Engineering are advised to devote the Summer Vacation of the Second
Year to a thorough review of this important topic.
Physics 2. [Hoxton, 10.] Required for E. E.
This course is a more advanced study of Electricity and Magnetism.
It is based on the lessons of Physics 1, and requires also such
Fall Term is devoted to the theory and practice of Electrical Measurements,
the Winter Term gives a conspectus of the Mathematical
Theory of Electricity, and in the Spring Term the work is upon
Magnetic Induction and its measurement and applications. The laboratory
course runs parallel with the lecture course and is so arranged
as to give a good working knowledge of the theoretical problems
met in the practice of the Electrical Engineer.
Civil Engineering 1. [Newcomb, 11.] Required for C. E.
The Fall Term is given to Railway Engineering. The methods
of the reconnaissance, preliminary survey, office location, and field
location are developed in the lectures and illustrated in the field, a
complete series of maps, profiles, plans, and estimates being worked
out from the actual surveys. This is followed by a minute study of
the construction, maintenance, and operation of a modern railway.
In the Winter Term the standard types of Steel and Timber Bridges
are analyzed; the rules and formulae for design are developed and
applied; and each student makes a complete design for a bridge with
all the necessary computations and drawings. In the Spring Term
the topics studied are Public Roads, City Streets, and Street Railways.
The most improved methods of construction are discussed
and the students are drilled in the laboratory on the best tests for
road-building materials.
Mechanical Engineering 1. [McKergow, XII.] Required for M. E.
In the Fall Term the dynamical and thermodynamical problems
of the Steam Engine are studied and the results are applied to the
detailed design of a projected engine. The Winter Term is devoted
to Machine Design; the fundamental principles of the kinematics of
machines are established and on these is based a careful study of the
design and construction of toothed gearing, pulley gearing, shafting,
geared machine parts, and the fastenings for the same. In the Spring
Term the topic is Steam Boilers. All standard types are studied in
detail and the problems of the operation and management of boiler
plants are discussed. Parallel work is required in the drafting room,
the laboratories, and the shops.
Electrical Engineering 1. [Holladay, 11.] Required for E. E. and
M. E.
The work of the Fall Term includes the fundamental principles
of Electrical Engineering and their application to the theory of
Winter Term is devoted to the design and operation of Direct Current
Generators and Motors; the student at the same time determines
in the laboratory the characteristics and constants of such machines.
The Spring Term is used for a preliminary survey of the principles
of Alternating Currents and their chief technical applications, with
laboratory studies of Alternating Current apparatus and machines.
Analytical Chemistry 1. [Dunnington, X.] Required for E. M.
A course in Chemical Manipulation is first given. The class then
takes up in order Blowpipe Analysis, the Fire Assaying of Ores of
Lead and Gold and Silver, and a systematic study of Inorganic Qualitative
Analysis. This is followed by practice in the analysis of salts,
alloys, and ores; the determination of minerals; the examination
of waters, coals, limestones, clays, and so on; and a few of the
simpler quantitative determinations. Weekly written exercises are
required. Three lectures are given each week, and after every lecture
the student spends about four hours in practical work in the laboratory.
Mechanical Laboratory 2. [McKergow and Instructors, 12-2.]
As in Mechanical Laboratory 1 the class is divided into squads
so small that each man receives the personal care of an instructor.
The Fall Term is given to an advanced course in the Strength of
Materials, the problems assigned being such as to call for some
elementary research work on the part of the student. The Winter
Term is devoted to a laboratory course in Hydraulic Measurements,
in which tests are made of pressure, buoyancy, efflux and pipe flow
with various practical applications. In the Spring Term a field
course is given in Hydrographic Surveying, including the measurements
of surface grades, cross-sections and velocities in river channels
and the determination of discharges, friction factors, and velocity
coefficients.
FOURTH YEAR COURSE.
To the studies of this year only those men are admitted who
have completed the required work in Pure Mathematics and have a
good knowledge of Mechanics. Courses 2 and 3 in Applied Mathematics
are essential for success in the technical engineering courses.
Applied Mathematics 4. [Thornton, 9.]
This course constitutes a complete survey of Analytical Mechanics.
The Fall Term is given to Analytical Statics, the Winter Term to
Rigid Body. For illustrative material use is made not only of such
classical topics as harmonic motion, projectile motion, planetary
motion, meteoric motion, motion in resisting media and so on; but
examples are taken also from engineering practice in the Kinematics
of Machines, the Dynamics of the Steam Engine, the Balancing of
Single and Coupled Engines, and others of the great problems of
scientific engineering.
Chemistry 2. [Mallet, 3.]
This course in Industrial Chemistry is concerned with the application
of chemistry to the arts and manufactures. Among the topics
discussed are the metallurgy of iron, steel, copper, tin, aluminum, and
the precious metals; the manufacture of limes and cements, bricks,
artificial stones, and other building materials; the chemistry of explosives,
lubricants, paints, and other preservatives. The lectures are
copiously illustrated by charts and drawings and by specimens furnished
from an extensive and costly Museum of Industrial Chemistry.
Economic Geology 2. [Watson, 1.] Required for E. M.
This course deals specifically with Economic Geology, the course
in Economic Geology 1 or an equivalent being prerequisite. It is designed
to give a general but comprehensive account of the origin,
distribution and uses of the metallic and non-metallic products of the
earth, with especial reference to those of the United States. Three
lectures are given each week and nine additional hours are allowed for
laboratory work, field surveys, collateral reading, and private study.
Civil Engineering 2. [Newcomb, XI.] Required for C. E.
Masonry Construction is studied in the Fall Term. The materials
used, the methods of inspection and testing, the standard specifications
for the work, and the analysis and design of walls, piers and
arches are minutely discussed. The methods for the construction of
foundations are thoroughly studied; and the design and execution of
works in reenforced concrete receive adequate attention. In the
Winter Term the topics are Water-works and Sewers. The collection,
purification, conveyance, and distribution of city water supplies are
discussed. The problems of city sewerage and sewage disposal are
also carefully investigated. The Spring Term is given to a study of
Long Span Bridges. The more intricate designs of simple trusses
are examined and the cantilever bridge, the steel arch, the continuous
girder, and the swing bridge are analyzed. Each student is required
to work out the stress sheets and the general drawings for some
specified type of long span bridge.
Mechanical Engineering 2. [McKergow, I.] Required for M. E.
The Fall Term begins with a review of the principles of hydraulics
and applies them to a thorough study of the design and construction
of such Hydraulic Machines as presses, pumps, motors, and hydraulic
power transmissions. The subject of the Winter Term is Mechanical
Power Plants; the location of such plants, the choice of units, and the
lay-out are discussed, and one or more typical plants designed. The
Spring Term is given to Locomotive Engineering, and studies the
operation, performance, construction, and design of steam locomotives;
special attention being given to the balance of the machine
and to the valve gears.
Electrical Engineering 2. [Holladay, XI.] Required for E. E.
The Fall Term is given to a more advanced study of Alternating
Current Phenomena as they present themselves in Transformers,
Induction Motors, Alternators, Synchronous Motors, and Rotary Converters.
In the Winter Term the phenomena of Electric Transmissions
for Light and for Power at both high and low voltages are
studied, together with electric incandescent and are lamps and their
photometry. The Spring Term is devoted to Electric Traction including
the study of motor capacity and design, train performance,
controllers, brakes, power houses, sub-stations, transmission, rolling
stock, roads, and the economics of the electric railway. The laboratory
exercises run parallel with the lectures through the entire course.
Mining Engineering. [Thornton, I.] Required for E. M.
The topics studied are in the Fall Term the Exploitation of Mines;
included are the principles to be observed in prospecting; the opening
of the mine; the extraction of the mineral; timbering and lighting;
mine explosions and other accidents; mine surveys and maps
and plans: in the Winter Term Mining Machinery; including the central
power plant and power transmission; the machinery for haulage
hoisting, drainage, and ventilation; and for hydraulic mining, quarrying
and ore dressing: in the Spring Term the uses of Electricity in
Mining for power, light, and signaling.
Thesis Work.
Every candidate for a degree in Engineering will be required at
the beginning of his graduating year to submit to the Dean some
subject for independent study suited to the student's especial course
and aims. After such subject has been approved by the Dean and
the Professor in charge, the student will be expected to carry out
present his results in the form of a thesis. Such thesis must be
typewritten on standard sheets, 8 by 10½ inches, bound in a proper
cover, and handed in for final approval not later than May 25th.
All necessary computations and drawings must accompany the thesis.
Serious weight will be given to this work in estimating the student's
fitness for graduation.
DRAFTING ROOMS, SHOPS, AND FIELD INSTRUMENTS.
The material equipment of the University of Virginia for practical
instruction in engineering studies is abundant and excellent. The policy,
steadily followed in assembling it, has been to purchase only what
was of the best quality and best adapted for the purposes of the
zealous and intelligent student.
The drafting rooms are abundantly lighted and are provided with
solidly constructed tables with locked drawers for instruments and materials.
Each student is assigned to a table and has a drawer for his exclusive
use. The classes of the First and Second years execute each one
plate a week under the supervision of the Instructor in Drawing. The
more advanced students have such drawings assigned by their respective
professors as are needed for the full development of the courses of study.
Careful attention is given to the training of the students in lettering,
in the conventional signs of mechanical drawing, in the proper lay-out of
drawings, and in neat and accurate execution. Exercises are required also
in tracing and in blue-printing, the rooms for which are conveniently
arranged and in close contiguity to the drafting rooms. While, however,
technical dexterity is demanded, the graphical method is taught and used
primarily as a powerful and indispensable instrument of research, the
thoughtful mastery of which is essential for the instructed Engineer.
The construction and theory of the Polar Planimeter, the Slide Rule,
and the Pantograph are carefully taught, and the student is trained in the
practical use of these appliances for the rapid and accurate production of
estimates and copies from finished drawings.
The Shop Equipment is throughout of the best quality, the machines
being all from good makers and of sizes ample for the purposes of
instruction. A full outfit of hand tools is maintained at all times. Each
shop is equipped for the instruction of a squad of sixteen students, this being
as large a number as one instructor can properly direct at once. The Machine
Shop is provided with four first-class engine lathes, illustrating the
practice of the best American makers; with a planer, a shaper, two drill
presses, a universal drilling machine (Brown and Sharpe), and a universal
grinder (same makers); also with a gas forge for tempering tools, a cut-off
saw for metal rods, an emery wheel, and so on. The Wood Shop is furnished
a saw bench for slitting and cross-cutting, a band-saw, a jig-saw, and a
wood trimmer for pattern making. The Foundry has a cupola furnace for
working cast iron, a brass furnace, a core oven, and all needful accessories
for moulding and casting; the blast for the cupola is furnished by a special
blower, driven by a small high-speed steam engine. The Forge Room is
equipped with Buffalo down-draft forges; and the necessary smith's tools;
the draft is furnished by the same blower, and the exhaust is operated by a
fan driven also by the engine. Shop instruction is given for its educational
value. The purpose of this Department is to train engineers, not
artisans; and the claims of the shops are not permitted to infringe on the
truly vital functions of the laboratories, the drafting rooms, and the
lectures.
The outfit of Field-Instruments contains compasses, transits, and
levels of various approved makes; a solar transit, furnished also with
stadia wires and gradienter for tachymetric work; hand-levels and clinometers
for railway topography; a plane table; a sextant; together with an
adequate supply of levelling rods, telemeter rods, signal poles, chains,
tapes, pins, and so on. For hydraulic work and hydrographic surveys a
hook gauge and a current meter are provided. All students are instructed
in the theory and adjustments of the field-instruments and in their practical
use in the field. They are also required to make up their field-books
in standard forms; to reduce their surveys and execute all the necessary
profiles, plans, and maps; and to determine lengths, areas, and volumes
both from the maps and from the original notes. A polar planimeter is
provided for facilitating such estimates and a pantagraph for making reduced
copies of finished drawings.
ENGINEERING LABORATORIES.
The Sinclair Laboratory for work in Strength of Materials.—This
was founded on the original donation of Mrs. John Sinclair, of New
York City, as a memorial to her late husband. The collection has since
been considerably enlarged. It contains Riehle and Olsen machines, each
of 100,000 pounds capacity, arranged for tensile, compressive, and transverse
tests; an Olsen torsion machine of 50,000 inch pounds capacity; an
Olsen compression machine of 40,000 pounds capacity; a Ewing tester for
the elasticity of rods; hand machines for testing rods and wires and small
specimens of timber and cast iron under transverse loads; Fairbanks and
Olsen cement testers of 1,000 pounds capacity each; apparatus for torsional
tests on both long wires and short wires; together with the necessary
accessory apparatus for utilizing these machines.
The Scott Laboratory of Electrical Engineering.—This laboratory
was equipped and endowed by Mrs. Frances Branch Scott, of Richmond,
Va., as a memorial to her late son, an alumnus of this University.
and calibrating them, galvanometers of the best modern types, standard
cells and resistances, standard condensers, and all other necessary apparatus
for minor tests, it contains numerous pieces of the very best construction.
Such are the Wolff potentiometer, the Siemens and Halske
Double Bridge, the Magnetic Induction apparatus, the Duddell Oscillograph,
the Station Photometer, and so on. It contains also a number of
direct current generators and motors, a two-phase alternator, induction
motors of two and three phases, several pairs of transformers, and all the
apparatus used in testing such machines.
The Steam Engine Tests are made on the high-speed Ball engine,
which operates the shops. This motor has been specially equipped for the
purpose. It receives steam from the main line through a Sweet separator;
humidity determinations are thus made twice—once by a separating calorimeter
before the steam enters the separator, and again by a throttling
calorimeter as it enters the cylinder. It is fitted with proper indicators,
and permanent indicator rigging so that at any time cards may be taken
and the indicated horse-power determined. In like manner a rope friction
brake is so arranged that it may be at once applied for the determination
of brake horse-power. Connections are so made with a Wheeler surface
condenser that the engine may at will be operated either condensing or
non-condensing. Provisions are made for measuring the temperatures and
the amounts of the condensation water and the condensed steam produced
during the run. With these data a complete heat balance of the experimental
run is attainable.
For Steam Boiler Tests the boilers of the University heating and
lighting plant are available. The department is equipped with the necessary
apparatus—thermometers, gauges, steam calorimeters, fuel calorimeters,
gas analyzers, scales, tanks, and so on. Students of Mechanical
Engineering are taught by practical lessons in the boiler room the standard
methods for boiler trials, and the class makes each session at least one
complete trial.
The Gas Engine Tests are made on an Otto machine of 15 I. H. P.
and 12 B. H. P. This also is provided with its friction brake, indicator
rigging, and indicator. The cooling water is run in from calibrated tanks
and provision is made for observing not only its amount but the initial
and final temperatures. Gasolene or alcohol is used as fuel, and is run
in from a graduated wrought-iron bottle, so that the amount consumed is
determined. The heating power is obtained by an independent test with
a Rosenhain calorimeter. Samples of the burnt gases are drawn from the
exhaust pipe and analyzed in an Orsat gas apparatus. The temperature of
the exhaust will be determined by a platinum resistance thermometer
inserted close to the exhaust valve. With these data and the observed
numbers of revolutions and explosions the heat balance is worked out.
The Refrigerating Tests are made on a Remington Ice Machine of
one ton capacity. This is an ammonia compression machine driven by an
electric motor. Instead of brine, plain water is used, heated by a steam
jet to 100° and then cooled down to 40° by the machine. A run is first
made with the pipes empty in order to determine the friction horse power.
The ammonia is then turned on and the run is made under load. In both
cases the power consumed is measured both by watt-meter and by ammeter
and volt-meter readings. The tanks are accurately calibrated and
careful measurements of the temperature are made through the run.
Indicator cards are also taken from the ammonia cylinders and the number
of revolutions is registered by counter. With these data the mechanical
and thermodynamic performance of the machine are figured out.
In the Road Material Tests the machines used are mainly those
devised by Dr. Logan Waller Page, director of the United States office of
public roads. For measuring the strength of the stone cylindrical samples
are cut out with a diamond drill and tested under impact and in the
40,000-pound compression machine. The resistance to abrasion is measured
on fragments of the stone, rotated in heavy cast iron cylinders
mounted on their diagonals. The binding power of the dust is measured
by impact tests on cylindrical briquettes formed under heavy hydraulic
pressure. The dust for these briquettes is produced in a ball mill fed with
fine stone broken in a small crusher. This part of the testing outfit has
been only recently installed, largely by the generous aid of Dr. Page. It is
hoped that useful experimental researches on the road-building rocks and
gravels of Virginia may be carried out with it.
BUILDINGS.
The buildings devoted wholly or in part to the work of the Department
of Engineering are the following:
The Mechanical Laboratory is the main seat of the instruction in
technical studies. It is 180 by 70 feet and contains on the main floor the
Dean's office and the offices of the three adjunct-professors; the main
lecture room; the laboratory of electrical engineering; and the drafting
room for the First and Second Year students. Above are a smaller drafting
room for advanced students, and blueprint and photographic rooms.
Below on the ground floor are another class room, the testing laboratory,
the wood shop, the metal shop, apparatus and store rooms, the tool room,
and the students' lavatory.
The Power House is a single-story building 110 by 40 feet. In
addition to the University boiler plant and the electric lighting plant this
contains the foundry and the forge room. The boiler plant consists of two
horizontal return-tubular boilers, each of 140 horse power. The lighting
plant consists of three electric generators directly connected to high speed
plant is available for purposes of instruction, study and experiment.
The Laboratory of General Chemistry, situated at the southern
end of West Range, is one of the older buildings recently remodelled and
fitted up for the work of instruction in undergraduate chemistry. It is
furnished with all the necessary apparatus and supplies, and is comfortably
heated and lighted. The Engineering students, who are taught in a
separate section, have three hours in lecture each week and six hours
in the laboratory. The work is specially adapted to their needs.
The Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry is 150 by 60 feet. It is
a single-story building, containing the lecture room, the laboratory of
analytical chemistry, the rooms for assaying, the balance rooms, the
offices and private laboratories of the professors of Industrial and Analytical
Chemistry, and a number of store rooms. These contain not only the
usual laboratory supplies, but an extensive collection of specimens, illustrating
very completely the processes and products of industrial chemistry,
and of especial interest to engineering students.
The Geological Museum is 120 by 50 feet. It is a three-story
building. The main floor is devoted to the very extensive geological collection
of specimens, charts, relief maps, and so on. The gallery above
contains an equally good collection of minerals and numerous models of
typical crystallographic forms. The upper floor contains the lecture rooms
and the Botanical and Zoölogical collections; these are soon to be transferred
to another building and the space utilized for the new laboratories
of Economic Geology. In the basement are stored subsidiary collections
and new material accumulated in more recent geological surveys.
The Physical Laboratory faces the Mechanical Laboratory on
the opposite side of the quadrangle, and has almost the same proportions.
The main floor contains the lecture room, the professors' offices,
the laboratory of experimental physics, and the store room for the very
large collection of apparatus used in the lectures. On the ground floor
is the laboratory of theoretical electricity, the storage battery room, a well
equipped shop for the repair and manufacture of apparatus, and numerous
smaller rooms for the work of graduate students.
EXPENSES OF REGULAR STUDENTS.
The expenses of a student of Engineering will vary slightly with his
year of residence, largely with his personal habits. The following estimates
presuppose a reasonable economy, equally removed from parsimony
on the one hand and from profusion on the other. They may be somewhat
reduced by strict economy. They may be largely and disastrously
augmented by extravagance.
The average annual expense of a student who pursues the regular
course of the Engineering Department will be:
| University Fee | $ 40 |
| Department Fee (average of four years) | 70 |
| Living Expenses (for nine months) | 225 |
| Books and Drawing Materials | 20 |
| Incidental Expenses (for nine months) | 45 |
| Total for outside students | $400 |
| Deduction for Virginians | 45 |
| Total for Virginians | $355 |
Strict economy may reduce the living expenses from $25 a month, as
estimated above, to $18 or $20, and may take off something also from incidental
expenses. A more liberal estimate will increase them by about the
same amount. We should thus have the following average annual
allowances:
| ANNUAL ALLOWANCES. | MIN. | MEAN. | MAX. |
| Outside students | $320 | $400 | $480 |
| Virginians | 275 | 355 | 435 |
These estimates are exclusive of clothing and traveling expenses,
items which vary too much to be introduced into any general estimate.
The University Fee of $40 is paid by every student. It entitles
the student to the free use of the Library, and of the Gymnasium; to the
advice and direction of the Instructor in Physical Culture; to free medical
advice and attendance by the Health Officers of the University; to the
facilities of the University Hospital in case of need; and it covers all fees
for examinations, diplomas, and degrees.
The Department Fee is $90 for the First Year course, $75 for the
Second, $60 for the Third, $55 for the Fourth, and thus averages $70. It
covers the tuition and laboratory fees for all the classes (except Analytical
Chemistry). It entitles the student also to take over again without additional
charge any single course of the previous year which he may have
failed to complete. But students, who fail in two or more of the courses
of any year, are required to pay the fee of that year and take those courses
over. Only students who follow the regular programme of studies are
granted the reduced department fee. Virginians are entitled to free tuition
in the Academical Schools, and are therefore allowed a deduction of $45
a year.
The item of Living Expenses includes board, lodging, fuel, lights,
servant, and laundry. A fair average allowance is $25 a month. Severe
but no higher.
The Books, Drawing Instruments, Drawing Materials and Stationery
will cost about $80 for the four-year course, an average of $20
a year. It is wise economy for the young engineer to buy good instruments
and to collect during his college life a few good books, as the
nucleus of his professional library.
The Incidental Expenses of the student ought to be kept within
modest bounds. The allowances made above are liberal enough. Large
expenditures as a rule promote idleness and attract companions of the
baser sort.
The items payable at entrance are the University Fee of $40, the
Department Fee, and a Contingent Deposit of $10 to cover library
fines and damage to apparatus, if such should occur. The last item is
credited in the student's final settlement with the Bursar. The First Year
Student of Engineering should bring with him about $200 to meet these
charges and cover the initial payments for books, instruments, room, furniture,
board, and so on.
COURSES AND EXPENSES OF SPECIAL STUDENTS.
Applicants for admission to the Engineering Department, who are
twenty years old, and desire to enter for the pursuit of special elective
courses, must present adequate proofs of good character and of the needful
maturity and training. Such applicants are then registered as Special
Students, and are admitted without formal examination to the privileges
of the University, but not as candidates for any titled degree.
The Expenses of special students, and of all students who pursue elective
courses, are the same as those of regular students, except as to fees
for tuition. The fee for each class taken will be $25, with the addition of
the prescribed laboratory charges, which are $5 for each class in Applied
Mathematics, Engineering, and Physics; $10 for Inorganic Chemistry. For
Analytical Chemistry a special fee of $50 is charged for tuiton, plus $10
for apparatus and supplies.
Under the general elective plan of this University, many young
men, who cannot afford to take the regular four-year course, qualify themselves
by such special elective studies for highly successful professional
careers. Any student, who possesses a good working knowledge of Pure
Mathematics, including the processes of the Differential and Integral Calculus,
and some acquaintance with the Natural Sciences, may attempt with
success the following shorter course in Engineering:
First Year.—Applied Mathematics 1 and 2. Engineering 1.
Second Year.—Applied Mathematics 3 and 4. Engineering 2.
Upon its completion he receives a diploma of graduation in Applied
Mathematics and Engineering. No student, who is deficient in mathematics,
will be allowed to enter upon this special course.
REQUIREMENTS FOR ADVANCED STANDING.
Applicants from other colleges will be admitted provisionally
to advanced standing as candidates for a degree in Engineering upon presentation
of proper certificates covering the courses for which credit is
desired. Such certificates must be filed with the Dean, and must be
acceptable both to him and to the professors in charge of the accredited
courses. The certificate must bear the official signature of the head of the
college; must specify the character and content of the course followed by
the student; must give his marks, which should not fall below the standard
seventy-five per cent. of this University; and must recommend the student
as worthy of admission to the University of Virginia in respect of both
character and scholarship. The final validation of such a certificate is
effected by the successful completion of the courses attended in this
University. No credits will be given for advanced standing based on High
School Work in the sciences.
Credits on Practical Work will be allowed to applicants, who
have accomplished successfully courses in Drawing, Field-work, or Shop-work
equivalent to those given in this University, or have acquired in
professional practice the training which these courses represent. To
secure credit for such work the student must make written application to
the Dean of the Department, and with this application must file the certificate
of the chief draftsman or other officer under whom the work was
done. In default of such a certificate, which must be acceptable both to
the Instructor and to the Dean, the student may take and pass a practical
examination on each course for which he seeks exemption from regular
attendance.
EXAMINATIONS AND REPORTS.
Written Examinations are held at the end of each term covering
the work of that term and the results of these examinations, combined
with the student's class standing, give his Term Grade. The Regular
Reports sent out at the end of every term to the student's parent or
guardian state for each course followed the term grade and the number
of absences. Further comment may be added by the Dean or the Professor,
if it appears probable that such comment would be helpful to the
student. Parents are urged to examine these reports carefully, and to
exert such parental influence as may seem needed to establish and confirm
the student in habits of industry and order.
Special Reports are sent to parents at the end of each month for
students delinquent in attendance or studiousness and for delinquents only.
When a student is making steady progress and showing due diligence in
his work only the regular reports are sent. The receipt of a special
report is evidence that, in the judgment of the Faculty, prompt and
pointed parental admonition is urgently needed.
Reexaminations are held during registration week in September.
To these reexaminations the Faculty will admit, on the recommendation
of his professor, any student of the previous session who in any
course fell below the pass mark of seventy-five per cent., but made at
least sixty-five per cent. at the regular examination. For every such
reexamination the student must pay to the Bursar on or before July 15th a
fee of $5, which fee is in no case returnable. The student who fails in
any course and does not make up his deficiency on reexamination will be
required to register anew for that course and attend the lectures and pass
the regular examination, unless relieved by special vote of the Faculty.
The Dean will send to every student eligible for reexamination a programme
of the dates of the September examinations.
PROGRAMME OF EXAMINATIONS—1908-1909.
| DATES | First Year |
Second Year |
Third Year |
Fourth Year |
||
| DEC. | MAR. | JUNE | ||||
| 12 | 17 | 10 | Chem. 1 | Physics 2 | ||
| 14 | 18 | 1 | Ecom. Geol 1. | Ap. Math. 4 | ||
| 15 | 19 | 2 | Ap. Math. 2 | |||
| 16 | 20 | 3 | Mech. Eng. 1 | Min. Eng. | ||
| 17 | 22 | 4 | Ap. Math. 1 | Elec. Eng. 1 | Mech. Eng. 2 | |
| Civil Eng. 1 | ||||||
| 18 | 23 | 5 | Physics 1 | Ecom. Geol. 2 | ||
| 19 | 24 | 7 | Chem. 2 | |||
| 21 | 25 | 8 | Math. 1 | Ap. Math. 3 | ||
| 22 | 26 | 9 | Elec. Eng. 2 | |||
| Civil Eng. 2 | ||||||
| 23 | 27 | 31 | Math. 2 | |||
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
| EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D. C. L., LL. D., | President. |
| ALBERT HENRY TUTTLE, M. S., | Professor of Biology and Agriculture. |
| FRANCIS HENRY SMITH, M. A., LL. D., | Professor of Natural Philosophy. |
| JOHN WILLIAM MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., F. R. S., | Professor of General and Industrial Chemistry. |
| FRANCIS PERRY DUNNINGTON, B. S., C. E., | Professor of Analytical and Agricultural Chemistry. |
| WILLIAM MORRIS FONTAINE, M. A., | Professor of Natural History and Geology. |
| WILLIAM HOLDING ECHOLS, B. S., C. E., | Professor of Mathematics. |
| JAMES MORRIS PAGE, M. A., Ph. D., | Professor of Mathematics. |
| WILLIAM MYNN THORNTON, LL. D., | Professor of Applied Mathematics. |
| ORMOND STONE, M. A., | Professor of Astronomy. |
| JAMES ALBERT HARRISON, L. H. D., LL. D., | Professor of Teutonic Languages. |
| RICHARD HENRY WILSON, M. A., Ph. D., | Professor of Romanic Languages. |
| ROBERT MONTGOMERY BIRD, B. A., B. S., Ph. D., | Collegiate Professor of Chemistry. |
| THOMAS LEONARD WATSON, M. S., Ph. D., | Professor of Economic Geology. |
| WILLIAM HARRISON FAULKNER, M. A., Ph. D., | Adjunct Professor of Teutonic Languages. |
| LLEWELLYN GRIFFITH HOXTON, M. A., | Adjunct Professor of Physics. |
| EDWIN PRESTON DARGAN, Ph. D., | Adjunct Professor of Romanic Languages. |
| WILLIAM ALLISON KEPNER, M. A., | Instructor in Biology. |
| HARRY CLO, M. S. | Instructor in Physics. |
| WILLIAM WILSON STANLEY BUTLER, B. A., | Instructor in Physics. |
| THOMAS DWIGHT SLOAN, B. A., | Instructor in Chemistry. |
| JOHN JENNINGS LUCK, B. A., M. A., | Instructor in Mathematics. |
| WILLIAM BEVERLEY STONE, B. A., M. A., Ph. D., | Instructor in Mathematics. |
| JAMES NEWTON MICHIE, B. A., | Instructor in Mathematics. |
| CHARLES WATSON GIVENS, A. B., | Instructor in Mathematics. |
| STANLEY REEVES, A. B., | Assistant in Physics. |
| JOHN WINFREE WEST, M. E., | Assistant in Physics. |
| CHARLES METCALF BYRNES, B. S., M. D., | Assistant in Chemistry. |
| BERNARD HEWETT KYLE, B. S., | Assistant in Chemistry. |
| TURNER MOREHEAD HARRIS, A. B., | Assistant in Chemistry. |
| CHARLES MACKENZIE MACKALL, | Assistant in Chemistry. |
| STAPLETON DABNEY GOOCH, | Assistant in Chemistry. |
| JOEL HILL WATKINS, | Assistant in Economic Geology. |
| CHARLES POLLARD OLIVIER, B. A., | Assistant in Astronomy. |
The Department of Agriculture is founded on the gift of one hundred
thousand dollars by the late Samuel Miller, of Lynchburg, Va.; this sum
having been given to establish a fund, the income of which should be
applied, as far as practicable, to the maintenance of experiments in agriculture,
training in the art of farming, and instruction in those sciences
which underlie that art, as well as in their practical relations thereto.
Since the income in question is manifestly inadequate to provide for all
these important ends in an efficient manner, it has become necessary for
those directly charged with its administration to decide how it can be
most usefully applied within the limits indicated.
Agriculture is the art of cultivating the soil with a view to profit; as
usually applied, the term implies the successful raising and marketing of
crops of plants or of animals, or of their products. Its theory is based
directly upon the sciences of Chemistry, Botany, and Zoölogy; and also, but
less directly, upon the allied sciences of Physics, Mechanics, and Geology.
Education adapted to the prosecution of this vocation calls, therefore, at
the outset, for sound and thorough instruction in these sciences; and subsequently
for the discussion of its principles and processes as based upon
them. The experience of some years has shown conclusively that neither
agricultural experimentation nor instruction in the routine of farm work
can be profitably conducted here with the means at command; nor is such
application of these means in accordance with the needs or expressed
desires of students who come to the University for the purpose of entering
this Department.
It seems wisest, therefore, as well as most consonant with the other
functions of the University, to apply the income of this fund to the enlargement,
as far as possible, of the opportunities here afforded to those who
desire to acquire a knowledge of the sciences on which the art of agriculture
their theoretical principles, as well as their economic relations; and to be
capable of following their progress in all its bearings. Instruction is therefore
offered in this Department to all who desire such training in the
descriptive and experimental sciences as this would imply, together with a
knowledge of the closely affiliated mathematical sciences, and of the modern
languages of immediate importance to the scientific student; in accordance
with the following plan:
Required for Entrance Upon the Work of the Department.—The
General Entrance Examination, or admission to the University by certificate
or diploma, as stated in a preceding portion of this catalogue.
Based upon this preparation the degree of Bachelor of Science will be
conferred upon students who satisfactorily complete one B. S. course each
in General Biology, Botany, Physics, General Chemistry, Zoölogy, Geology,
and Analytical Chemistry; together with an advanced course in each of
any two of the Schools represented by these courses; of one B. S. course
(to be elected by the student) from the group of mathematical sciences,
viz., Pure Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, or Astronomy; and of the
B. S. courses in French and German. The B. S. courses are the same as,
or the equivalent of, the B. A. courses described in a previous portion of
this catalogue; the advanced courses in the various scientific Schools have
also been previously described.
Agricultural Chemistry.—There is offered in connection with the
graduating course in Analytical Chemistry a course of lectures in Agricultural
Chemistry, including a discussion of the chemical and physical properties
of the atmosphere, of soils, and of plants; the chemistry of the
processes of vegetable life so far as they are related to Agriculture; the
chemical composition and preparation of manures; the chemistry of stock
feeding, and of fungicides and insecticides. This course is open without
charge to students who have registered in Analytical Chemistry, to Virginia
students, and to farmers who are not matriculated students.
For Reference: Johnston's Elements of Agricultural Chemistry, 17th Edition;
London, 1894.
In addition to the courses in Biology described in a previous portion
of this catalogue, there is offered in the School of Biology and Agriculture
the following course, which provides for the discussion of the relation of
the biological sciences to the art of Agriculture:
Practical Biology and Agriculture.—The relations of Biology to
Agriculture are so manifold, and the subdivisions of the latter subject so
numerous, that it would be impossible to exhaust the discussion of either
in the work of any one year. A course consisting in part of lectures and
in part of an equivalent amount of practical work and collateral reading
will be offered yearly. It will include the discussion of selected topics
of plants, the natural history of cultivated varieties, and the like);
to Economic Zoölogy (such as the life-history and treatment of injurious
or beneficial insects, external or internal parasites, the special anatomy and
physiology of the domestic animals, etc.); and to questions connected with
the Principles of Agriculture (such as the laws of growth and nutrition
of crops, the drainage and tillage of soils, systems of rotation and allied
topics). The topics discussed in such a course will be, to some extent,
selected in accordance with the objects in view of those electing it in any
year. The following literature will indicate a possible arrangement of
subjects.
Text-Books for 1907-1908.—Sorauer's Physiology of Plants (Weiss tr.); Tubeuf's
Diseases of Plants induced by Cryptogamic Parasites (Smith tr.); Chauveau's Anatomy
of the Domestic Animals (Fleming tr.); Vorhee's Principles of Agriculture.
Candidates for a diploma of graduation in Biology and Agriculture
are required to complete the courses in Botany, Zoölogy, and Comparative
Anatomy, and also the course in Practical Biology and Agriculture above
described.
In this Department, as in the College, the order in which studies shall
be taken is left largely to the discretion of the student (subject to the restriction
that not more than three classes may be undertaken in any one
session without the consent of the Faculty): the following is, however,
suggested as a convenient arrangement of a four years' course for this
degree; and as one of several combinations of subjects possible under the
requirements above stated.
| First Year: | ||
| Geology 1B; | Physics 1B; | Biology 1B; |
| Second Year: | ||
| French 2B; | General Chemistry 1B; | Biology 2; |
| Third Year: | ||
| German 3; | Analytical Chemistry 1; | Biology 3; |
| Fourth Year: | ||
| [10] Mechanics 1B; | [11] Analyt. and Agri. Chem. 2; | [11] Agriculture 1. |
EXPENSES.
The necessary expenses at the University of a student in the Department
of Agriculture may be estimated at from $290 a year upwards, according
the conditions under which Virginia students are entitled to free tuition,
may be found in a preceding section. (See pp. 91-95.)
MILLER SCHOLARSHIPS.
A scholarship is awarded at the end of each session to the candidate
who at that time passes the graduation examinations in the B. S. courses
of General Biology, Chemistry, and Physics with the highest aggregate of
marks. The scholarship is tenable for the following two years. The
emoluments consist of $250 a session, with free tuition in the Schools of
the Department of Agriculture. The holder of a Miller Scholarship is
required to elect at least one-third of his work in Biology and Agriculture,
Analytical Chemistry, or Applied Mathematics. The tenure of the
scholarship depends upon the good conduct and studious dilligence of the
scholar, the Faculty being authorized to withdraw its benefits from any
student who does not avail himself of the opportunities for study which it
is intended to secure. Candidacy should be announced at the beginning of
the session.
Substitution may be made of either Pure Mathematics 2B or Astronomy 1B
for Mechanics; each of these three courses requires the previous completion of
Mathematics 1A.
Substitution may be made for either of these advanced courses by advanced
courses in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, or Geology.
THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.
| JOHN SHELTON PATTON, | Librarian. |
| ANNA SEELEY TUTTLE, B. A., | Assistant Librarian. |
| JAMES GIBSON JOHNSON, M. A., | Assistant. |
| MARSHALL SCOTT FINK, | Assistant. |
| JOHN WALTER WAYLAND, Ph. D., | Hertz Librarian. |
The General Library is open daily from 9 a. m. to 1:30 p. m., and
from 3 to 5 p. m., and 7:30 to 10 p. m.
The collection contains more than sixty thousand volumes, and books
are available for use by the officers and students and some others under
the following regulations:
1. Books of the Reference Collection are not to be removed from the
Library, but may be freely consulted at the tables. All bound magazines
are classed as reference books.
Books in current use in connection with the courses of instruction
will be temporarily placed on the shelves of the Reference Collection, and
will then be subject to the above rule.
Works of special value or specially liable to injury on account of their
rarity, illustrations, etc., are not to be removed from the Library, except
by permission.
New periodicals cannot be borrowed within two weeks after they are
placed on the shelves.
2. The Librarian is required to make an entry of every book removed
from the Library with the time when the same is to be returned.
3. Students may borrow books upon the following terms:
No student can have more than three volumes at the same time.
Each book must be returned by the borrower within two weeks from
the date of its withdrawal. The loan may be renewed unless another person
entitled to the books has signified his need of it.
Ten cents a volume will be charged for each day that a volume remains
unreturned after the two weeks for which it was withdrawn.
4. Members of the Faculty have at all times free use of the Library
within its walls, and borrow books under the following regulations:
Each book borrowed is to be presented to the Librarian to be charged
to the borrower.
Each book borrowed is understood to be taken out for a period not
exceeding one month, but this time may be extended unless the Librarian
notify the borrower that some one else desires the book.
Not more than two volumes at any time may be borrowed for the use
of any other person than the professor himself, and the Librarian is always
to be notified at the time of borrowing that the book is not for individual
use.
5. All books borrowed from the Library must be returned and on the
shelves by the fifth day before the close of each session.
6. The Librarian may permit persons residing at the University for
the purpose of studying during the vacation to use the Library, with the
approval of the President, and under the above general regulations, but
at such hours as may be specially arranged for, on condition that each
such person pay to the Librarian a fee of $3 and make a contingent deposit
of $15, against which may be assessed any charges for loss or injury of
books.
7. The Librarian is charged with the general duty of maintaining
order in the Library, preserving the room and its contents from damage
and reporting to the Bursar any fines and penalties which may have to be
enforced.
| The University of Virginia record February, 1908 | |