The Story of Mankind :: :: University of Virginia Library

CONTENTS

THE STORY OF MANKIND

AS IT EVER SHALL BE

AN ANIMATED CHRONOLOGY,

CONCERNING THE PICTURES

AN HISTORICAL READING LIST FOR CHILDREN

INDEX

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1. THE SETTING OF THE STAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. OUR EARLIEST ANCESTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3. PREHISTORIC MAN BEGINS TO MAKE THINGS FOR HIMSELF. . .13
4. THE EGYPTIANS INVENT THE ART OF WRITING AND THE RECORD OF HISTORY BEGINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
5. THE BEGINNING OF CIVILISATION IN THE VALLEY OF THE NILE .22
6. THE RISE AND FALL OF EGYPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
7. MESOPOTAMIA, THE SECOND CENTRE OF EASTERN CIVILISATION .29
8. THE SUMERIAN NAIL WRITERS, WHOSE CLAY TABLETS TELL US THE STORY OF ASSYRIA AND BABYLONIA, THE GREAT SEMITIC MELTING-POT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
9. THE STORY OF MOSES, THE LEADER OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE. .38
10. THE PHOENICIANS, WHO GAVE US OUR ALPHABET . . . .43
11. THE INDO-EUROPEAN PERSIANS CONQUER THE SEMITIC AND THE EGYPTIAN WORLD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
12. THE PEOPLE OF THE ÆGEAN SEA CARRIED THE CIVILISATION OF OLD ASIA INTO THE WILDERNESS OF EUROPE . . . . .48
13. MEANWHILE THE INDO-EUROPEAN TRIBE OF THE HELLENES WAS TAKING POSSESSION OF GREECE . . . . . . . . . . . .54
14. THE GREEK CITIES THAT WERE REALLY STATES . . . . . . .59
15. THE GREEKS WERE THE FIRST PEOPLE TO TRY THE DIFFICULT EXPERIMENT OF SELF-GOVERNMENT . . . . . . . . . . .62
16. HOW THE GREEKS LIVED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
17. THE ORIGINS OF THE THEATRE, THE FIRST FORM OF PUBLIC AMUSEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
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18. HOW THE GREEKS DEFENDED EUROPE AGAINST AN ASIATIC INVASION AND DROVE THE PERSIANS BACK ACROSS THE ÆGEAN SEA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
19. HOW ATHENS AND SPARTA FOUGHT A LONG AND DISASTROUS WAR FOR THE LEADERSHIP OF GREECE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
20. ALEXANDER THE MACEDONIAN ESTABLISHES A GREEK WORLD EMPIRE, AND WHAT BECAME OF THIS HIGH AMBITION. . . . . . .83
21. A SHORT SUMMARY OF CHAPTERS 1 TO 20. . . . . . . . . .85
22. THE SEMITIC COLONY OF CARTHAGE ON THE NORTHERN COAST OF AFRICA AND THE INDO-EUROPEAN CITY OF ROME ON THE WEST COAST OF ITALY FOUGHT EACH OTHER FOR THE POSSESSION OF THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN AND CARTHAGE WAS DESTROYED. . .88
23. HOW ROME HAPPENED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
24. HOW THE REPUBLIC OF ROME, AFTER CENTURIES OF UNREST AND REVOLUTION, BECAME AN EMPIRE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
25. THE STORY OF JOSHUA OF NAZARETH, WHOM THE GREEKS CALLED JESUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
26. THE TWILIGHT OF ROME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
27. HOW ROME BECAME THE CENTRE OF THE CHRISTIAN WORLD. . 131
28. AHMED, THE CAMEL DRIVER, WHO BECAME THE PROPHET OF THE ARABIAN DESERT, AND WHOSE FOLLOWERS ALMOST CONQUERED THE ENTIRE KNOWN WORLD FOR THE GREATER GLORY OF ALLAH, THE "ONLY TRUE GOD''. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
29. HOW CHARLEMAGNE, THE KING OF THE FRANKS, CAME TO BEAR THE TITLE OF EMPEROR AND TRIED TO REVIVE THE OLD IDEAL OF WORLD-EMPIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
30. WHY THE PEOPLE OF THE TENTH CENTURY PRAYED THE LORD TO PROTECT THEM FROM THE FURY OF THE NORSEMEN . . . . . 150
31. HOW CENTRAL EUROPE, ATTACKED FROM THREE SIDES, BECAME AN ARMED CAMP AND WHY EUROPE WOULD HAVE PERISHED WITHOUT THOSE PROFESSIONAL SOLDIERS AND ADMINISTRATORS WHO WERE PART OF THE FEUDAL SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . 155
32. CHIVALRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
33. THE STRANGE DOUBLE LOYALTY OF THE PEOPLE OF THE MIDDLE AGES, AND HOW IT LED TO ENDLESS QUARRELS BETWEEN THE POPES AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPERORS . . . . . . . . . . . 162
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34. BUT ALL THESE DIFFERENT QUARRELS WERE FORGOTTEN WHEN THE TURKS TOOK THE HOLY LAND, DESECRATED THE HOLY PLACES AND INTERFERED SERIOUSLY WITH THE TRADE FROM EAST TO WEST. EUROPE WENT CRUSADING . . . . . . . . . . 168
35. WHY THE PEOPLE OF THE MIDDLE AGES SAID THAT CITY AIR IS FREE AIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
36. HOW THE PEOPLE OF THE CITIES ASSERTED THEIR RIGHT TO BE HEARD IN THE ROYAL COUNCILS OF THEIR COUNTRY. . . 184
37. WHAT THE PEOPLE OF THE MIDDLE AGES THOUGHT OF THE WORLD IN WHICH THEY HAPPENED TO LIVE. . . . . . . . . . 191
38. HOW THE CRUSADES ONCE MORE MADE THE MEDITERRANEAN A BUSY CENTRE OF TBADE AND HOW THE CITIES OF THE ITALIAN PENINSULA BECAME THE GREAT DISTRIBUTING CENTRE FOR THE COMMERCE WITH ASIA AND AFRICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
39. PEOPLE ONCE MORE DARED TO BE HAPPY JUST BECAUSE THEY WERE ALIVE. THEY TRIED TO SAVE THE REMAINS OF THE OLDER AND MORE AGREEABLE CIVILISATION OF ROME AND GREECE AND THEY WERE 80 PROUD OF THEIR ACHIEVEMENTS THAT THEY SPOKE OF A RENAISSANCE OR RE-BIRTH OF CIVILISATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
40. THE PEOPLE BEGAN TO FEEL THE NEED OF GIVING EXPRESSION TO THEIR NEWLY DISCOVERED JOY OF LIVING. THEY EXPRESSED THEIR HAPPINESS IN POETRY AND IN SCULPTURE AND IN ARCHITECTURE AND PAINTING, AND IN THE BOOKS THEY PRINTED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
41. BUT NOW THAT PEOPLE HAD BROKEN THROUGH THE BONDS OF THEIR NARROW MEDIÆVAL LIMITATIONS, THEY HAD TO HAVE MORE ROOM FOR THEIR WANDERINGS. THE EUROPEAN WORLD HAD GROWN TOO SMALL FOR THEIR AMBITIONS. IT WAS THE TIME OF THE GREAT VOYAGES OF DISCOVERY. . . . . . . . . 224
42. CONCERNING BUDDHA AND CONFUCIUS. . . . . . . . . . . 241
43. THE PROGRESS OF THE HUMAN RACE IS BEST COMPARED TO A GIGANTIC PENDULUM WHICH FOREVER SWINGS FORWARD AND BACKWARD. THE RELIGIOUS INDIFFERENCE AND THE ARTISTIC AND LITERARY ENTHUSIASM OF THE RENAISSANCE WERE FOLLOWED BY THE ARTISTIC AND LITERARY INDIFFERENCE AND THE RELIGIOUS ENTHUSIASM OF THE REFORMATION. . . . . . . . 251
44. THE AGE OF THE GREAT RELIGIOUS CONTROVERSIES . . . . 262
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45. HOW THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN THE DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS AND THE LESS DIVINE BUT MORE REASONABLE RIGHT OF PARLIAMENT ENDED DISASTROUSLY FOR KING CHARLES II . . . 279
46. IN FRANCE, ON THE OTHER HAND, THE DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS CONTINUED WITH GREATER POMP AND SPLENDOR THAN EVER BEFORE AND THE AMBITION OF THE RULER WAS ONLY TEMPERED BY THE NEWLY INVENTED LAW OF THE BALANCE OF POWER . . . 296
47. THE STORY OF THE MYSTERIOUS MUSCOVITE EMPIRE WHICH SUDDENLY BURST UPON THE GRAND POLITICAL STAGE OF EUROPE. . . . . 301
48. RUSSIA AND SWEDEN FOUGHT MANY WARS TO DECIDE WHO SHALL BE THE LEADING POWER OF NORTHEASTERN EUROPE . . . 308
49. THE EXTRAORDINARY RISE OF A LITTLE STATE IN A DREARY PART OF NORTHERN GERMANY, CALLED PRUSSIA . . . . . . . . . . 313
50. HOW THE NEWLY FOUNDED NATIONAL OR DYNASTIC STATES OF EUROPE TRIED TO MAKE THEMSELVES RICH AND WHAT WAS MEANT BY THE MERCANTILE SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
51. AT THE END OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY EUROPE HEARD STRANGE REPORTS OF SOMETHING WHICH HAD HAPPENED IN THE WILDERNESS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENT. THE DESCENDANTS OF THE MEN WHO HAD PUNISHED KING CHARLES FOR HIS INSISTENCE UPON HIS DIVINE RIGHTS ADDED A NEW CHAPTER TO THE OLD STORY OF THE STRUGGLE FOR SELF- GOVERNMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
62. THE GREAT FRENCH REVOLUTION PROCLAIMS THE PRINCIPLES OF LIBERTY, FRATERNITY AND EQUALITY UNTO All THE PEOPLE OF THE EARTH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
53. NAPOLEON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
54. AS SOON AS NAPOLEON HAD BEEN SENT TO ST. HELENA, THE RULERS WHO SO OFTEN HAD BEEN DEFEATED BY THE HATED CORSICAN MET AT VIENNA AND TRIED TO UNDO THE MANY CHANCES WHICH HAD BEEN BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
55. THEY TRIED TO ASSURE THE WORLD AN ERA OF UNDISTURBED PEACE BY SUPPRESSING ALL NEW IDEAS. THEY MADE THE POLICE-SPY THE HIGHEST FUNCTIONARY IN THE STATE AND SOON THE PRISONS OF AIL COUNTRIES WERE FILLED WITH THOSE WHO CLAIMED THAT PEOPLE HAVE THE RIGHT TO GOVERN THEMSELVES AS THEY SEE FIT . . . . . . . . . . . 373
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56. THE LOVE OF NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE, HOWEVER, WAS TOO STRONG TO BE DESTROYED IN THIS WAY. THE SOUTH AMERICANS WERE THE FIRST TO REBEL AGAINST THE REACTIONARY MEASURES OF THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA. GREECE AND BELGIUM AND SPAIN AND A LARGE NUMBER OF OTHER COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN CONTINENT FOLLOWED SUIT AND THE NINETEENTH CENTURY WAS FILLED WITH THE RUMOR OF MANY WARS OF INDEPENDENCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
57. BUT WHITE THE PEOPLE OF EUROPE WERE FIGHTING FOR THEIR NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE, THE WORLD IN WHICH THEY LIVED HAD BEEN ENTIRELY CHANGED BY A SERIES OF INVENTIONS, WHICH HAD MADE THE CLUMSY OLD STEAM-ENGINE OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY THE MOST FAITHFUL AND EFFICIENT STAVE OF MAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
58. THE NEW ENGINES WERE VERY EXPENSIVE AND ONLY PEOPLE OF WEALTH COULD AFFORD THEM. THE OLD CARPENTER OR SHOEMAKER WHO HAD BEEN HIS OWN MASTER IN HIS LITTLE WORKSHOP WAS OBLIGED TO HIRE HIMSELF OUT TO THE OWNERS OF THE BIG MECHANICAL TOOLS, AND WHILE HE MADE MORE MONEY THAN BEFORE, HE LOST HIS FORMER INDEPENDENCE AND HE DID NOT LIKE THAT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
59. THE GENERAL INTRODUCTION OF MACHINERY DID NOT BRING ABOUT THE ERA OF HAPPINESS AND PROSPERITY WHICH HAD BEEN PREDICTED BY THE GENERATION WHICH SAW THE STAGE COACH REPLACED BY THE RAILROAD. SEVERAL REMEDIES WERE SUGGESTED, BUT NONE OF THESE QUITE SOLVED THE PROBLEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
60. BUT THE WORLD HAD UNDERGONE ANOTHER CHANGE WHICH WAS OF GREATER IMPORTANCE THAN EITHER THE POLITICAL OR THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS. AFTER GENERATIONS OF OPPRESSION AND PERSECUTION, THE SCIENTIST HAD AT LAST GAINED LIBERTY OF ACTION AND HE WAS NOW TRYING TO DISCOVER THE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS WHICH GOVERN THE UNIVERSE. . . . . 427
61. A CHAPTER OF ART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
62. THE LAST FIFTY YEARS, INCLUDING SEVERAL EXPLANATIONS AND A FEW APOLOGIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
63. THE GREAT WAR, WHICH WAS REALLY THE STRUGGLE FOR A NEW AND BETTER WORLD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
64.ANIMATED CHRONOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
65.CONCERNING THE PICTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
66. AN HISTORICAL READING LIST FOR CHILDREN . . . . 475
67.INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

LIST OF COLORED PICTURES

The Scene of Our History is Laid Upon a Little Planet, Lost in the Vastness of the Universe . . . . . . . . Frontispiece
FACING PAGE
Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Rome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
The Norsemen Are Coming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
The Castle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
The Mediæval World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
A New World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Buddha Goes into the Mountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Moscow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

LIST OF HALF TONE PICTURES

FACING PAGE
The Temple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
The Mountain-pass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
The Mediæval Town. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
The Cathedral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
The Blockhouse in the Wilderness . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Off for Trafalgar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
The Modern City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
The Dirigible. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

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LIST OF PICTURES AND ANIMATED MAPS

1. High Up in the North . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. It Rained Incessantly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. The Ascent of Man. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. The Plants Leave the Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. The Growth of the Human Skull. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6. Pre-history and History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
7. Prehistoric Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
8. The Valley of Egypt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
9. The Building of the Pyramids . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
10. Mesopotamia, the Melting-pot of the Ancient World. . .30
11. A Tower of Babel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
12. Nineveh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
13. The Holy City of Babylon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
14. The Wanderings of the Jews . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
15. Moses Sees the Holy Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
16. The Phoenician Trader . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
17. The Story of a Word. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
18. The Indo-Europeans and Their Neighbours. . . . . . . .46
19. The Trojan Horse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
20. Schliemann Digs for Troy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
21. Mycenæ in Argolis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
22. The Ægean Sea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
23. The Island-Bridges Between Asia and Europe . . . . . .52
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24. An Ægean City on the Greek Mainland. . . . . . .54
25. The Achæans Take an Ægean City . . . . . .55
26. The Fall of Cnossus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
27. Mount Olympus, Where the Gods Lived. . . . . . . . . .59
28. A Greek City-State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
29. Greek Society. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
30. The Persian Fleet is Destroyed Near Mount Athos. . . .75
31. The Battle of Marathon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
32. Thermopylæ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
33. The Battle of Thermopylæ . . . . . . . . . . . .78
34. The Persians Burn Athens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
35. Carthage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
36. Spheres of Influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
37. How the City of Rome Happened. . . . . . . . . . . . .92
38. A Fast Roman Warship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
39. Hannibal Crosses the Alps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
40. Hannibal and the CEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
41. The Death of Hannibal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
42. How Rome Happened. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
43. Civilisation Goes Westward . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
44. Cæsar Goes West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
45. The Great Roman Empire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
46. The Holy Land. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
47. When the Barbarians Got Through With a Roman City. . 126
48. The Invasions of the Barbarians. . . . . . . . . . . 128
49. A Cloister . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
50. The Goths Are Coming!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
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51. The Flight of Mohammed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
52. The Struggle Between the Cross and the Crescent. . . 143
53. The Holy Roman Empire of German Nationality. . . . . 147
54. The Home of the Norsemen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
55. The Norsemen Go to Russia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
56. The Normans Look Across the Channel. . . . . . . . . 152
57. The World of the Norsemen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
58. Henry IV at Canossa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
59. The First Crusade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
60. The World of the Crusaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
61. The Crusaders Take Jerusalem . . . . . . . . . . . 172
62. The Crusader's Grave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
63. The Castle and the City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
64. The Belfry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
65. Gunpowder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
66. The Spreading of the Idea of Popular Sovereignty . . 185
67. The Home of Swiss Liberty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
68. The Abjuration of Philip II. . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
69. Medieval Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
70. Great Nowgorod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
71. The Hansa Ship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
72. The Mediæval Laboratory. . . . . . . . . . . . 209
73. The Renaissance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
74. Dante. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
75. John Huss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
76. The Manuscript and the Printed Book. . . . . . . . . 222
77. Marco Polo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
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78. How the World Grew Larger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
79. The World of Columbus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
80. The Great Discoveries Western Hemisphere . . . . . . 233
81. The Great Discoveries. Eastern Hemisphere. . . . . . 234
82. Magellan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
83. The Three Great Religions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
84. The Great Moral Leaders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
85. Luther Translates the Bible. . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
86. The Inquisition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
87. The Night of St. Bartholomew . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
88. Leyden Delivered by the Cutting of the Dikes . . . . 269
89. The Murder of William the Silent . . . . . . . . . . 270
90. The Armada is Coming!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
91. The Death of Hudson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
92. The Thirty Years War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
93. Amsterdam in 1648. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
94. The English Nation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
95. The Hundred Years War. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
96. John and Sebastian Cabot See the Coast of Newfoundland . 284
97. The Elizabethan Stage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
98. The Balance of Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
99. The Origin of Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
100. Peter the Great in the Dutch Shipyard . . . . . . . 308
101. Peter the Great Builds His New Capital. . . . . . . 310
102. The Voyage of the Pilgrims. . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
103. How Europe Conquered the World. . . . . . . . . . . 321
104. Sea Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822
xxvii
105. The Fight for Liberty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
106. The Pilgrims. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
107. How the White Man Settled in North America. . . . . 325
108. In the Cabin of the Mayflower. . . . . . . . 327
109. The French Explore the West . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
110. The First Winter in New England . . . . . . . . . . 329
111. George Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
112. The Great American Revolution . . . . . . . . . . . 332
113. The Guillotine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
114. Louis XVI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
115. The Bastille. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
116. The French Revolution Invades Holland . . . . . . . 347
117. The Retreat from Moscow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
118. The Battle of Waterloo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
119. Napoleon Goes Into Exile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
120. The Spectre Which Frightened the Holy Alliance. . . 364
121. The Real Congress of Vienna . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
122. The Monroe Doctrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
123. Giuseppe Mazzini. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
124. The First Steamboat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
125. The Origin of the Steamboat . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
126. The Origin of the Automobile. . . . . . . . . . . . 409
127. Man-power and Machine-power . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
128. The Factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
129. The Philosopher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
130. Galileo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
131. Gothic Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
xxviii
132. The Troubadour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
133. The Pioneer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
134. The Conquest of the West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
135. War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
137. ANIMATED CHRONOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
142. THE END . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473