University of Virginia Library

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INDEX.

A.

• ABSORPTION, doctrine of, 122.
• Abubeker invades Syria, 87.
• Active intellect, 138.
• Æneas Sylvius's description of the British Isles, 265.
• Agesilaus, his expedition, 5.
• Alexander invades Persia, 6; death of, 16.
• Alexandria, foundation of, 17; Muscum, 18; library, 19; captured by Amrou, 94.
• Al-Gazzali, quotation from, 101; on the soul, 127.
• Algebra invented by the Saracens, 112, 115, 304.
• Alliazen, 117.
• Alliance, Evangelical, 352.
• Almagest, 112.
• Al-Mamun measures the earth, 109, 155; his libraries, 112; quotation from, 115; denounced, 142 translates the "Syntaxis," 158.
• Almansor at Bagdad, 111,
• America, discovery of, 159; its progress, 286.
• American Revolution, 324.
• Arnrou invades Egypt, 93; consults the khalif about the Alexandrian Library, 102.
• Aniestheties, 318.
• Anathema, Nicene, 53; of the Vati can Council, 350.
• Andalusia, conquest of, 96 civilization of, 141.
• Animals, are they automata 128136.
• Antipodes, St. Augustine on the, 64.
• Apollonius, his mathematical works, 29; water clock of, 31
• Aquinas, St. Thomas, resists Averoism, 150.
• Arabs, their fatalism, 106; literature, 111; manufacture and agriculture, 117; inventions and discoveries, 158.
• Arbela, battle of, 6.
• Archimedes, 28.
• Argyll, Duke of, quotation from, 223.
• Aristarchus , 156.
• Arithmetic, Indian, 115.
• Aristotelian philosophy, 22.
• Arius, 61; councils respecting, 205.
• Assyrian printing, 14.
• Astronomy, Arabian, 116; periods of progress, 232.
• Atmospheric refraction, 117, 158.
• Augustine denounces Pelagius, 56 review of his writings; 58-62 on antipodes, 64.
• Auricular confession, 207.
• Averroism 124, 139; in Andalusia, 142 opposed by the Dominicans, 143 in Europe, 149; in Italy, 150, 210.

B.

• Babylon, 10.
• Babylonian astronomy, 13.
• Bac;n, Lord, 233.
• Bagdad a centre of science, 111.
• Bahira converts Mohammed, 7&
• Bartholomew's eve, 214.
• Bede, Venerable, quotation fmin the 65 , I *
• Bozrah, fall of, 88.
• Bradley discovers aberration of the stars, 172.
• Bruno, 177; is murdered, 180.

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  369

  
  
• Buddhism, doctrine as to the soul, 122; nature of, 138.

C.

• Caaba,86.
• Cajetan to Luther, 211.
• Callisthenes, death of, 16.
• Calvin, 213; burns Servetus, 216 on predestination, 252.
• Catholicity, the failure of, 285, 321.
• Cape, the, doubling of, 163, 294.
• Cardinals, college of, 276.
• Carthage burned by the Saracens, 95; had introduced Latin Christianity, 95.
• Cassini discovers the oblateriesq of Jupiter, 188.
• Censorship, 293.
• Chain of Destiny, 108.
• Chakia Mouni, 138.
• Chaldean Church established, 73 observations, 13.
• Chemistry, origin of, 112-116.
• Chosroes inva'des the Roman Empire, 76; captures Jerusalem, 76; carries off the cross, 17.
• Christianity, origin of, 34; paganization, 46; transformed into a -political system, 51)
• Chronology, vulgar, 184; patristic, 184.
• Chronometer, 312.
• Church, Catholic, its numbers, 328 its pretensions; 329; appanage of Italy, 341; its elaims, 365.
• Circumnavigation of the earth, 163.
• Civilization and Catholicity, 282.
• Clay libraries, 13.
• Clementine Constitutions, 211.
• Colenso on the Pentateuch, 219.
• Coliseum, 256.
• Colleges, Arabian, 214.
• Columbus, voyage of, 159; discov. ers the line of Do variation, 162.
• Confusion of tongues, 186.
• Conservation of force, 358.
• Constantine becomes emperor, 39; his gift to the pope, 2 12.
• Cong.itution, dogmatic, of Catholic faith, 344, 354.
• Cooling of the earth, 245.
• Copernicus, 167; his systein estal). lished, 172.
• Cosmas Indicopleustes, 64, 154.
• Cosmogony, scientific, 188.
• Councils determine truth, 201; in. fallible, 226.
• Creation and evolution, 192.
• Crisis, impending, 327.
• Criterion of truth, 201.
• Crown of thorns, 270.
• Ctesibius invents the fire-engine, 8 1.
• Curia, its business, 274.
• Cyril murders Hypatia, 55; bribes the eunuch, 72.

D.

• Damascus, fall of, 76, 89.
• Death, introduction of, into the world, 56.
• Decretals, Isidorian, 271.
• De Dominis, punishment of, 319.
• De Gania, 163, 294.
• Degree, ineasure of a, 165, 236.
• D'Eleano, Sebastian, conipletes eir. cu in navigation, 164,
• Deluge, its date, 185.
• Descartes on automata, 128-130; his geometry, 305.
• De Tribus Impostoribus," 148.
• Development theory, 118, 248.
• Diocletian opposes Christianity, 38; abdication of, 39.
• Dionysius Fxiguus constructs cbro. nology, 184.
• Dogmatic constitution of Catholic faith, 344, 354.
• Domestic improvements, 314-316
• Dual government, 266, 342.
• Dualism, 15.
• Du Bois-Reymond on the ant, 129.

E.

• Earth, its form, 108; measured by Al-Mamuia, 109; theological view of, 153; measures of 155 166 circumnavigation of, 164; 'moas.' ured by the French, 166; dimen. sions of, 167, 174; distance from the sun, 173; age of, 182; oblateness of, 189; formation of, 189;

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  370

  
  
  antiquity of, 194; decline of her heat, 244.
• East, the, peculiarities of its reli. gious opinions, 69. Beclesiastic, the, recommended to remember the past, 360.
• Rdessa, college of, 73.
• Electric telegraph, 311.
• Emanation, doctrine of, 122, 358.
• Encyclical Letter, 352.
• EncYcloptedias, Arabian, 114.
• Ftig'and, population of, 262.
• Ephesus, Council of, 72.
• Epiphanius on mineralogy, 214.
• Eratosthenes, his works, 28; measures the earth, 155.
• Erigena, his philosophy, 125.
• Euclid, 27.
• Europe, its social condition, 264, 268, 270; at the Reformation, 265; dual government in, 266 : population, 264, 827; sects of, 328.
• Evangelical Alliance, 352.
• Everlasting gospel, 148, 206.
• Evolution, doctrine of, 247.
• Eymeric, the inquisitor, 208.
• Ezra, author of the Pentateuch, 222; quotation front, 367.

F.

• Fathers of the Church, their character, 188.
• Fatalism ofArabs, 106.
• Faustus, his appeal to Augustine, 48.
• Fernel measures the earth, 166.
• Force, its indestructibility, 126.
• Fratricelli, their opinion, 284.
• Fiauenhofer on spectra, 241,
• F;-ederiek II., his "Sicilian Questions," 151.
• Free Spirit," Brethi en and Rsters of the, 209.
• French Revolution, 324.

G.

• Galileo, discoveries of, 170; punishment, 171; mechanics, 233.
• Genesis the basis of Christianity, 57; Augustine's interpretation of, 59; criticism on, 219.
• Geometry improved by the Sara. cens, 112.
• Government of the world by law, 229.
• Granada, suTrender of, 148.
• Gratian's "Decretum," 211, 2713.
• Gravitation, universal, 235.
• Guizot, his affirmation, 365.

H.

• Hakem, his library, 142
• Halley's comet, 269, 320.
• Hallucinations, religious cause of, 82.
• Haroun -a] -Raschid organizes schools, 111.
• Heaven, description of, 70; the Mobammedan's, 109.
• Helena paganizes Christianity, 47.
• Heraclius, his expedition to Constantinople, 75; war with Chosroes, 76; farewell to Syria, 91.
• Hero invents the steani-engine, 32.
• Herschel on double stars, 238; on the nebular hypothesis, 240.
• Hilary of Poictiers, quotation from, 203.
• Hipparchus, 29.
• Hol , v Ghost, finger of the, 270.
• Honian the bookseller, 113.
• Huber on insects, 129.
• Huggins on nebula, 241.
• Hun,boldt on effect of Nature, 12.
• Buffeld on the Puntqteuch, 224.
• Ilyacinthe, P6re, his views, 351.
• Ilypatia, murder of', 55.

I.

• Ilin-Junis, 116, 159.
• Incas, religious ideas of tLe,
• Index Expurgatorius, 217.
• Indian arithmetic, 115.
• Individualism, 295.
• Indulgences, 212.
• Infallibility, 224.
• Inoculation, 218.
• Inquisition, 144, 2071, 274; an ur. gent necessity, 3r,2.

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  371

  
  
• Insects, 129.
• Insurance, 317.
• Intervention'and law, 252.
• Inventions, scientific, 311.
• Isis, worship of, restored 48, 11.

J.

• Jurii-alem surrenders to Alexander , 7; to Cliosroes, 16; to the Sara. cens, 90, 91.
• Jews, their conversion ceases , 105. influence on the Saracens , 105; their psychology, 124; in Spain , 144; banished from Spain, 147.
• Jesuiabbas treats with Mohammed, 105.
• Jesuits in Prussia, 340.
• John the Grammarian, 105.
• Jugglery, 319.
• Justinian closes pagan schools, 56 -, Pandects of, 210; effect of his Italian wars, 262.

K.

• Kepler, laws of, 230; condemnation of, 231; anticipates Newton, 232.
• Khaled, the Saracen general, 87.
• Khalifates, the three, 99.
• Koran, the God of the, 84.

L.

• Lactantius, quotation from, 64.
• Lambeth Articles, 253.
• Language, the primitive, 186.
• Languages, modern, 281.
• Laplace on nebular hypothesis, 239.
• Latin Christianity, its effect, 255
• language, use of, 280.
• Law, government of the world by, 229.
• Legates, their duty, 273.
• Leibnitz, accusation against Newton, 218.
• Library, Alexandrian, 19; dispersion of the, 54; destruction of, 103; of Cairo, 113; Andalusian, 113.
• Llamaism, 357.
• Llorente, on the Inquisition, 146.
• Locomotion, 312.
• Logarithms, invention of, 306.
• Luther, 212, 295; against Aristotle, 215.

M.

• Macedonian campaign, 7.
• Magellan, his voyage, 164, 294.
• Magianism, 15; overthrown by Mo. hammed, 92.
• Maimonides, 143.
• Man, antiquity of, 195; develop. ment of, 249.
• Martel, Charles, overthrows the Sar. acens, 97.
• Mathematics, 303.
• Maurice, the Emperor, 74.
• Medical colleges, Saracen, 115; ina provements, 318.
• Memory, explanation of, 134.
• Menu, Institutes of, 122.
• Mercantile inventions, 317.
• Mexico, diminution of population, 262; civilization of, 289.
• Miracle-evidence, 66, 206.
• Mississippi, advance of the, 190.
• Moawyah, the Khalif, 110.
• Mohammed, at Bozrali, 78; his marriage, 80; battles, 82; death, 83; religious opinions of, 84,
• Mohammedanism an offshoot of Nestorianism, 85; popuiar due. trines of, 86, 101.
• Monotheism, tendency to, 35; origin of, 70.
• Moors expelled from Spain, 148.
• Mosaic record, objections to the, 195'
• Municipal improvements, 315.
• Museum, Alexandrian, 19, 20, 38,

N.

• Nebular hypothesis, 239-243.
• Negro slavery, 288.
• Neptune, discovery of, 237.
• Nervous system, functions of, 181.
• Nestor, 51; follows the opiniou3 of Theodore of Mopsuestia, 71; quarrels with Cyril, 72; trial of' 72; death of, 73.
• Nestorians are Aristotelians, 73

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  372

  
  
  Mohammedanism their offshoot, 85; influence on the Saracens, 105.
• Newton, Bishop, quotation from, 50.
• Newton, Sir L, discovers the earth's oblateness, 189; his "Principia," 235, 237; example from his philosophy, 301.
• Nicea, Council of, 51, 53, 204.
• Nirwana, 122, 140.
• Noah divides the earth, 185.

0.

• Observatory at Seville, 115.
• Omar, Jerusalem surrendered to, 90; at Medina, 110.
• Organisms, their variation, 246.

P.

• Pandects of Justinian, 210.
• Papacy the, its transformation, 271; centralization of the, 273 Italian, 341.
• Papal revenues, 267, 275.
• Paper, invention of, 294.
• Parallax of the sun, 174; of the stars, 1 5.
• Patriarchs, their length of life, 187.
• Patristic philosophy, 63; chronology, 185.
• Pelagius, his doctrine and condemnation, 56.
• Pelayo, Bishop, his statement, 276.
• Pendulum invented, 116.
• Pentateuch, Tertullian or, the, 40 criticism of, 219.
• Pergamus, library of, 21, 103.
• Persepolis, 11.
• Persia, 3; campaigns in, 74; intellectual condition of, 14; religion of, 15.
• Peru, civilization of, 289; religious ideas of the Incas, 357.
• Philip the Fair, 290.
• Philip of Macedon, 6.
• Philo the Jew, 123.
• Philoponus, John, asks for the Al. exandrian Library, 103.
• Philosophy a state crime, 66.
• Phocas, mutiny of, 74.
• Phlogiston, 302.
• Physieiaiii, Jewish, 107.
• Picard measures the earth, 165, 21.6
• Pigafetti, 164.
• Pius IX., his objects, 343.
• Platonism, 26.
• Plotinus, 123.
• Polygamy, practical effect of, 100.
• Pope, the infallible, 225,137; eleotion of the, 276.
• Population, theory of, 261.
• Posidonius measures the eartli, 155.
• Prayers, Christian and Mohammo. dan, 108.
• Precession of the equinoxes, 30,189.
• Predestination, 252.
• Prehistoric man, 195.
• Printing, effects of, 137, 293.
• Protestantism, decomposition of, 297; reconciliation with Science, 364.
• Prussia, co*flict of, with the pope, 339 -, Church laws of, 340.
• Ptolemies, their policy, 32.
• Ptolemy Soter, birth of, 16; King of Egypt, 17; an author, 27.
• Ptolemy, the astronomer, 30; his System, 157.
• Purgatory, 278.
• Pusey, Dr., translation quoted, 62.
• Pythagorean system, 156.

R.

• Railways, 288.
• Reformation, 212, 296, 298, 359.
• Registry of nervous impressions, 135 ,
• Renan on Averroism, 139.
• Revenues, papal, 276-278.
• Roinan rites adopted into Chr6 tianityl 48; aristocratic familieti, pagan, 51.
• Romances, Arabian, 113-117.
• Romanus, treason of, 88.
• Rome, at the Reformation, 250 political condition of, 259; social condition of, 260; occupied by the Italian army, 337.
• Royal Society, 308.

S.

• Salerno, college of, 115. Saracens, the, capture Jerusalem 90; Alexandria, 94; Carthago

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  373

  
  
  95; invade Spain, 96; France, 97; insult Rome, 98; dissensions of, 99; disregard of Eiiropean opinion, 99; dynasties of, ill.
• Schism, the Great, 279, 292.
• Science, sacred, 62 introduction into Europe, 290 influence of, 310.
• Servetus, his opinions and murder, 216, 363.
• Shell-mounds, 198.
• Sixtus V., his Bible, 359.
• Societies, Italian scientific, 300.
• Sophronius surrenders Jerusalem, 90.
• Sosigenes rectifies the calendar, 31.
• Soul, the, 120; Vatican Council on the, 121; nature of the, 127.
• Spain, invasion of, 96.
• Spinoza, 149.
• Stars, distance of, 175 new, 177.
• Steam-engine, 312.
• Stoicism, 23, 251.
• Sun, distance of the, 173.
• Syllabus, 332; analysis of, 344.
• "Syntaxis" of Ptolemy) 30.
• Syphilis, 269.
• Syria invaded by Cl-,osroeq, 76; by the Saracens, 87.

T.

• Tarik invades Spain, 96.
• Taylor's theorem, 306.
• Telegraph, electric, 311.
• Telescope invented, 169.
• Tertullian, his apology, 39-45.
• Theodosius closes the temples, 54.
• Theophilus disperses the Alexandrian Library, 54.
• Toleration, 298.
• Torquemada, the inquisitor, 146 burns Oriental manuscripts, 146.
• Tower of Babel, 186.
• Trent, Council of, 214.
• Trigonometry invented by the Saracens, 112, 116.
• Trhiitariau &,9pute, 5..
• Trinity, St. Augustine on the, 61 Ploiinus on, 123. of,
• Truth criterion 201.

U.

• Universe, government of the, 228.

V.

• Valentinian persecutes Platouisto, 66.
• Valerius procures the punishracut of Pelagius, 56.
• Vanini, murder of, 216.
• Variation of the compass, 162.
• Vasco do Gama, 162.
• Vatican Council, 330.
• Vedaism, 121.
• Venus, transit of, 173, 320.
• Vicar of Christ, 273.
• Vinci, L. da, 233, 29!).
• Virgin Mary, mother of God, 72; milk of, 270.

W.

• Waldenses, their declaration, 209.
• William of Malmesbury on t1w Anglo-Saxons, 266.
• Writing, effects of; 137.

X.

• Xeres, battle of, 96.
• Ximenes burns Arabic marnwripts, 104, perfidy of, 148.

Y.

• Yermuck, battle o4 89.

Z.

• Zeno, 23.
• Zoroaster, his religion, ItS.
• Zosimus reverses the opinion of Innocent L, 56.