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Forty Centuries of Ink

  
[title page]
  
PREFACE.
  
CONTENTS.

 1. 
CHAPTER I. GENESIS OF INK.
 2. 
CHAPTER II. ANTIQUITY OF INK.
 3. 
CHAPTER III. CLASSICAL INK AND ITS EXODUS.
 4. 
CHAPTER IV. CLASSICAL INK AND ITS EXODUS (CONTINUED).
 5. 
CHAPTER V. REVIVAL OF INK.
 6. 
CHAPTER VI. INK OF THE WEST.
 7. 
CHAPTER VII. EARLY MEDIÆVAL INK.
 8. 
CHAPTER VIII. MEDIÆVAL INK.
 9. 
CHAPTER IX. END OF MEDIÆVAL INK.
 10. 
CHAPTER X. RENAISSANCE INK.
 11. 
CHAPTER XI. ANCIENT INK TREATISES.
 12. 
CHAPTER XII. STUDY OF INK.
 13. 
CHAPTER XIII. STUDY OF INK.
 14. 
CHAPTER XIV. CLASSIFICATIONS OF INK.
 15. 
CHAPTER XV. OFFICIAL AND LEGAL INK.
 16. 
CHAPTER XVI. ENDURING INK.
 17. 
CHAPTER XVII. INK PHENOMENA.
 18. 
CHAPTER XVIII. INK CHEMISTRY.
 19. 
CHAPTER XIX. FRAUDULENT INK BACK GROUNDS.
 20. 
CHAPTER XX. FUGITIVE INK.
 21. 
CHAPTER XXI. ANCIENT AND MODERN INK RECEIPTS.
 22. 
CHAPTER XXII. INK INDUSTRY.
 23. 
CHAPTER XXIII. CHEMICO-LEGAL INK.
 24. 
CHAPTER XXIV. CHEMICO-LEGAL INK (CONTINUED).
 25. 
CHAPTER XXV. INK UTENSILS OF ANTIQUITY.
 26. 
CHAPTER XXVI. INK UTENSILS (QUILL PEN STEEL PEN).
 27. 
CHAPTER XXVII. SUBSTITUTES FOR INK UTENSILS ("LEAD" AND OTHER PENCILS).
 28. 
CHAPTER XXVIII. ANCIENT INK BACKGROUNDS (THE ORIGIN OF PAPYRUS).
 29. 
CHAPTER XXIX. ANCIENT INK BACKGROUNDS (PARCHMENT AND VELLUM).
 30. 
CHAPTER XXX. MODERN INK BACKGROUNDS (TRUE PAPER).
 31. 
CHAPTER XXXI. MODERN INK BACKGROUNDS (WOOD PAPER AND "SAFETY" PAPER).
 32. 
CHAPTER XXXII. CURIOSA (INK AND OTHER WRITING MATERIALS).

  
GENERAL INDEX
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GENERAL INDEX

  • ABBÉ Huc, anecdote by the 253
  • ABBÉ DE CLUNI, author of a 300
  • ABISHA, Samaritan Pentatuech written by 23
  • ABDOLLTIPH, ancient Arabian physician 300
  • Abyssinia 324
  • Acacia tree, gum from the 11, 80, 81, 165,196, 266
  • Acid, purpose of its use in ink 165
  • " danger of its misuse 165, 330
  • " acetic 115,338
  • " ellago-tannic 11
  • " hydrochloric 167,174,315
  • " oxalic 97
  • " picric 175
  • " sulphite 310, 311, 316
  • " sulphuric 115,172,175
  • " sulphurous 172, 173
  • Acta Diurna, name of first newspaper: 59
  • ADAMS, HENRY C., In re Gordon will contest 225,226,227,228
  • "Added color," its use and misuse in ink. . . 100, 101, 127, 131, 133, 157, 160, 161, 164, 167, 170, 183, 186, 187, 208, 209, 211, 212, 213
  • Ægian Sea, islands of the 8
  • ALARIC, destruction of Rome by 43
  • ALBINGER will contest 244
  • Alchemy preceded chemistry 90
  • Alchiber, Arabian name for 2, 73
  • ALCUIN, inventor of the miniscule 69, 70, 95
  • Aleppo nut-galls 74
  • Alexander blue 6
  • ALEXANDER THE GREAT 9, 16, 27, 273, 274
  • Alexandria libraries 27, 28, 29, 30, 45, 282
  • Alizarin, artificial production of 185
  • Alizarin ink ...................... 125,170,210
  • Alkali hydrates, for testing ink 168,172,173
  • Alkanet 173
  • ALLEINE, JOSEPH, author and penman 109
  • ALLEINE, RICHARD, penman I 109
  • ALLEN, PROFESSOR ALFRED H 153, 170, 171, 172, 173
    • 350

  • ALLEN, modern ink pioneer 208
  • Alum, use of 124
  • Amber 190
  • AMBROSINUS, ancient writer 267
  • America, early, ink used in 101
  • "American Banker," citation from the 241, 242, 243
  • American Banker's Association 243
  • Ammonia, spirits of 167, 174
  • Ammonium, bichromate of 135
  • " sulphide of 169
  • AMRU, JOSEPH, inventor of 298
  • Amsterdam, an ink center 207
  • ANDERSON, modern ink pioneer 208
  • ANDREWS, JEREMIAH, penman 109
  • Aniline 133,157,170,172,183,184,186
  • " black 185
  • " blue 173, 185
  • " red 174
  • " sulphate of 316
  • Animal colors 63
  • ANTHON, PROFESSOR CHARLES 47, 48, 49, 50
  • Antimony, employment of 11, 265
  • Antiquity of MSS., established by the 51, 52
  • ANTOINE, modern ink pioneer 207, 210, 211, 331
  • APPEL, on safety paper 316
  • Arabia, pertaining to 2, 73, 75, 80, 83, 93, 206, 252, 297, 298, 299, 342
  • Arabia, ink of 2, 73, 75
  • Arabic, gum (see Acacia tree).
  • Arabic writing 18, 24
  • ARBUTHNOT, CHARLES, some observations of 9, 10, 61
  • Archil (see Orchil).
  • Archives of 157, 307
  • ARISTOTLE 61, 273
  • "Armarian," the 94
  • Armenia 7, 10
  • ARNOLD, investigator and modern ink pioneer 130, 207, 208, 209
  • ARNOUX, maker of metallic pens 257
  • Artificial aging of ink 167
  • " light, injurious effects of 68
  • ASCHAM ROGER, penman 107
  • Assyrians, writing instruments of the 246, 247, 248
  • ASTLE, SIR THOMAS, some observations by 17, 26, 27, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 116, 117
  • Atlantic, coast of the 9
  • Atramentum 74, 339
  • Augurs (soothsayers) 15
  • Augusta, ancient paper called 275
  • AUGUSTUS, EMPEROR 10
    • 351

  • AUSTIN, EMANUEL, penman 111
  • AYERS, JOHN, author and penman 108
  • Bablah, utilized for 11, 158
  • Babylon 18, 48
  • Bacteria in ink 202
  • BAEYER, pioneer in the production of 186
  • BAIRD, PROFESSOR, conclusions by 146, 213
  • BAKER, case of 244
  • BALE, on monasteries 99, 100
  • BALES, PETER, author and penman 107, 326, 327
  • BANCROFT, citation from 186
  • Bank of England 315
  • BANSON, WILLIAM, author and penman 109
  • BARBEDOR, penman 113
  • BARCLAY, on safety paper 317, 318
  • Bark, rolls of 21, 22, 26, 32, 33, 34, 39, 46, 246, 273
  • BARNES, modern ink pioneer 208
  • BARTRAM, modern ink pioneer 208
  • BASILICUS, EMPEROR 324
  • BEAUCHESNE, JOHN DE, author and penman 107
  • BECKER, CHARLES, forgery by 240, 241, 242, 243, 244
  • BECKETT, CHARLES H 222
  • BECKHAM, GEORGE, author and penman 109
  • BEDELL, case of 244
  • BELOE, author and savant 304, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346
  • Berlin, an ink center 207
  • Berries, used for ink 35
  • Bible, from whence the name is derived 273
  • " bark rolls alluded to in the 21
  • " color allusions in the 2, 3
  • " diamond allusions in the 250
  • " ink allusions in the 12
  • " ink horn allusions in the 12
  • " Ezekiel's lamentations 8
  • " " visions 21
  • " book of Job, citations from the 21, 42
  • " Mentz 303
  • " papyrus alluded to in the 276, 277
  • " sealing of letters alluded to in the 21
  • " stylus alluded to in the 280
  • " writing alluded to in the 19, 20
  • " written deeds alluded to in the 248, 249
  • BICKHAM, GEORGE, J., penman 111
  • BICKHAM, JOHN, penman 109
  • BILLINGSLEY, MARTIN, author and penman 107
  • BISCHOFF, on tradition of the 4
  • Bitumen, ink from 11, 36, 191
  • Black broth of the 5
    • 352

  • Black-lead 261 to 271
  • " writing ink, requisites of 132
  • Black-lead writing ink 2, 35, 63, 72, 95, 127, 129, 131, 134, 154
  • Blackwood (see Logwood).
  • BLACKWOOD, modern ink pioneer 207
  • BLAGDEN, DR. CHARLES, some observations by 116 to 120
  • BLAIR, modern ink pioneer 208
  • BLAND, JOHN, author and penman 110
  • BLANDE, JOHN, author and penman 111
  • Bleaching of ink 167, 168, 172
  • Blotting paper 165, 166, 314, 339, 340
  • BLOXAM, CHARLES L., chemical author 75, 161
  • Blue, ancient symbols of 3, 4
  • " Alexander 6
  • " aniline 173, 185
  • " Berlin (see Prussian blue).
  • " cobalt 40
  • " copperas 36
  • " ink 95
  • " prussian 158
  • Bodkin (see Stylus).
  • Bodlein library 298
  • Bog, Danish name for 273
  • Bologne 187
  • Bombycina (see Cotton and Silk paper).
  • BONNEY, modern ink pioneer 208
  • Books, early form of 33
  • " derivation of term 273
  • " ancient 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 85, 94, 249, 291
  • Book of Kells 71
  • Book-writer's ink 77
  • BOOTH, investigator of 130
  • BOREL, PETER, author of 104, 105
  • Borrowdale mine of "black-lead" 262 to 269
  • BOSSIN, modern ink pioneer 207
  • BOSTOCK, DR., some observations by 120, 121, 153
  • "Boston News Letter," citations from 346, 347
  • BÖTTGER, investigator of 130, 207
  • BOY CHRIST, story of the 4, 5
  • BRADFORD, WILLIAM, early paper maker 306
  • BRAMAH, maker of quill nibs for pens 259
  • Brands, variety of ink 214
  • BRANNT, DR., publisher of the 152
  • Brass tables of ancient Rome 330
  • Brazil-wood 158, 174, 186, 187
  • BREWER, on safety paper 317
  • British government, ink formula of 147, 148
  • " Museum 298
    • 353

  • BROOKS, GABRIEL, penman 110
  • BROOKS, WILLIAM, author and penman 110
  • BROWN, DAVID, author and penman 107
  • Bruchion, library of 29
  • BRUGSCH, DR., observations by 23, 24
  • Brush, for writing 2, 25, 252
  • Buccinum, ancient color 9, 10
  • BUCHANAN, DR., on ancient MSS 284
  • Bullœ (weights) 32
  • BURG, BISHOP DE, observations by 291
  • Burgundy pitch 79, 80
  • BUTTERWORTH, E., author and penman 112
  • BYRON, lines to his pen 256
  • Byzantine MSS 92
  • CADMUS, introduced letters into 18
  • CÆSAR, JULIUS 10, 28, 33, 40, 49, 66
  • Calamus (see Reed pens).
  • CALMET, observations of 20, 280
  • CALVERT, GRACE, observations of 198
  • Calves, vellum from 33, 293
  • Campeachy tree (logwood) 187
  • Canada, ink used in 101
  • CANEPARIUS, PIETRO, author of 104, 112, 120
  • Capsœ (capsula) 32, 329
  • Carbon 76, 125, 159, 161, 162, 199
  • Carmine (see Cochineal).
  • CARO, eosin invented by 185, 227
  • CARSTAIRS, JOHN, author and penman 112
  • CARTER, case of 244
  • CARTER, modern ink pioneer 208, 211
  • CARVALHO, on safety paper 320
  • CASERI, Spanish author 298, 300
  • CASILEAR, on safety paper 318, 319
  • CASLEY, Writer on "Antiquities" 280
  • Caspian Sea, shores of the 8
  • Catechu 158
  • Chaldeans, writing of the 18
  • Chalkanthum 36, 74
  • CHAMBERLAYNE, on early pens 257
  • CHAMBERS, ZACHARY, author and penman 111
  • CHAMPION, JOSEPH, author and penman 112
  • CHAMPOLLION, JEAN FRANCOIS 251
  • CHAMPOUR, author of 125, 193
  • Chanchi, ink plant of 158
  • Charcoal 2
  • CHARDIN, investigator of 252
  • CHARLEMAGNE, EMPEROR 63, 69, 70
  • Charta, some ancient paper called 275
    • 354

  • Charta bombyeina 84, 298, 301
  • " damascina 300, 301
  • Charter of Hugo and Lothaire 325
  • Chemical National Bank, case of the 237
  • Chemical tests for ink 167
  • " writing fluids 131, 133, 163, 164, 165, 167, 212, 214
  • Chemico-legal ink 170, 217
  • Chemnitz, an ink center 207
  • CHEVALLIER, observation on the 177
  • CHEVREUSE, investigator of 130
  • CHE-WHANG-TEE, Chinese Emperor 30
  • CHILTON, DR., investigations of 125, 126
  • Chilzon, ancient blue dye 8
  • Chinese, the 2, 18, 23, 249, 252, 283, 284, 295, 296
  • CHINNERY, WILLIAM, author and penman 112
  • Chlorine 164, 167, 168, 172, 173
  • Chloroform, removal of aniline by 172
  • Christians, ancient 4, 13, 55
  • Church, the 43, 55, 60, 62, 83, 97
  • CICERO 59, 61
  • Cinnibar 10, 11, 40
  • CLAPP, on safety paper 319
  • CLARK, JOHN, author and penman 109
  • CLARK, RICHARD, author and penman 112
  • CLARK, WELLINGTON penman 111
  • CLARK, WILLIAM INGLIS, investigations of 127, 128, 129, 130
  • CLARKE, case of 244
  • CLEOPATRA, library deposited by 28, 282
  • Clerk, origin of the word 67
  • CLITHERS, JOHN, author and penman 108
  • Cloth, writing on 246, 324
  • Coal-tar, color products of 133, 172, 183
  • Cobalt blue 40, 74
  • Cochineal 7, 134, 174
  • COCHRANE, modern ink pioneer 207
  • COCKER, EDWARD, author and penman 108, 328
  • Codice (codex) 33, 68, 325
  • CODY, MARGARET E., trial of 231, 232, 233
  • Cologne, an ink center 207
  • Colored inks of antiquity 2, 96
  • Colors, ancient symbols of 3, 4
  • Combined writing and copying inks 211, 212
  • COMLEY, WILLIAM, author and penman 107
  • Complementary color screens 167, 347
  • CONGREVE, SIR WILLIAM, on safety paper 316
  • Connecticut, second state to 137
  • CONSTANTINE, EMPEROR 325
  • Constantinople, libraries of 38, 45, 46, 346
    • 355

  • COOK, SOLOMON, author and penman 110
  • Copper, oxide of 40
  • Copperas blue (sulphate of copper) 36, 63, 82
  • " green (sulphate of iron) (see Iron sulphate).
  • Cotton paper 84, 85, 87, 206, 282, 297, 298, 299, 300
  • COUBOULAY, on safety paper 317
  • Court of Appeals, decision of the 238, 239, 240
  • CRAMPTON, DR. CHARLES A 137
  • Crayons 266, 263
  • CRESCI, FRANCISCO, author and penman 112
  • Criminal methods in the 168
  • Crimson, ancient symbol of 4
  • CRITTEN v. Chemical National Bank 237
  • CROCKER-WOOLWORTH, bank of 241, 242, 243
  • CROSS, modern ink pioneer 208
  • Cross, sign of the 19, 67
  • Crossed lines, sequence in 153
  • CULLEN, HON. EDGAR M 237, 238, 239, 240
  • Cuneiform writing 18
  • Cuttle-fish, ink from the 5
  • Cyanin 75
  • Dark ages, the 43, 54, 55, 56, 60, 68, 69, 70, 71, 88, 91, 94, 97
  • DAVENPORT, DR. BENNETT F., official chemist of 149
  • DAVIDS, THADDEUS, investigator and ink pioneer 130, 208, 209, 210
  • DAVIES, JOHN, author and penman 107
  • DAVIS, JOHN, lines from "Scourge of Folly" by 327
  • DAVIS, modern ink pioneer 208
  • DAVY, SIR HUMPHREY 39
  • DAWSON, EDWARD, penman 110
  • DAY, JOHN, penman 110
  • DELANG, modern ink pioneer 23
  • Denarii, value of 8, 10
  • DESORMEAUX, investigator of 136, 199
  • Destruction of ink 164
  • Detection of fraud by the 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182
  • DE VINNE, some observations by 34, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 84, 85, 86
  • Dextrin 130
  • Deyó, Hebrew word for 2, 73, 74
  • Diamonds, used in ink 136
  • " as writing implements 250, 257, 259
  • DIESIBACH, discoverer of 153
  • DIETZ-ALLEN, case of 244
  • DIMON, STEPHEN C., contested will of 228, 229, 230, 231
  • DIOSCORIDES, on ink 6, 34
  • Diplomatics, science of 93
  • Diptychs (double tablets) 34
  • Discoloration of ink 164
  • Divi-divi, utilized for 11, 158
    • 356

  • Doomsday Book 290
  • DOUGHTY, pens made by 259
  • DOVE, NATHANIEL, author and penman 111
  • DRAPER, modern ink pioneer 207
  • Dresden, an ink center 207
  • DREWSON, pioneer in the 186
  • Dublin, an ink center 207
  • DU CANGE, lines by 324
  • DU HALDE, citations from 3, 284
  • DUNDAS, JOHN, penman 109
  • DUNLAP, modern ink pioneer 208
  • DUPONT v. DUBOS, case of 244
  • Durable ink 106
  • Durability of ink depends on 132, 133
  • DUTHIE, on safety paper 319
  • Dyeing, art of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 40, 56, 80
  • Dyes, test table for old ink 175, 176
  • EADE, JOHN, penman 109
  • Edicts 20
  • Edinburgh, an ink center 207
  • " Review, translation by the 76
  • EDRISI, ancient writer 299
  • EDWARD III, use of pens as badges by 327, 328
  • Egyptian ladies employed 11
  • " writing 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 23, 27, 248, 250, 253
  • Elberfield, an ink center 207
  • ELDER, WILLIAM, author and penman 108
  • Elishah, isles of 8
  • ELIZABETH, QUEEN 250, 262, 269, 290, 305, 326, 327
  • Ellago-tannic acid 11
  • ELSNER, DR., ink pioneer 194, 207
  • EMMERLING, pioneer in the 186
  • Enchorial numbers 24
  • Encyclopædia Britannica, on the 21, 22
  • Encres Japonaise, Antoiné's 210
  • End of ancient history of ink 43
  • England, some references to 19, 57, 64, 67, 91, 98, 289, 326
  • Eosin 174, 185, 186, 227
  • EPICURUS, ancient treatise of 40
  • Erasure of ink 172, 173
  • Esparto, for paper 63
  • Estimation of ink, as held by 213, 214
  • Etruscan writing 23
  • EUMENES, King of 33, 282, 283
  • EUSEBIUS, fragments of 47
  • EVANDER, brought letters into 18
  • EVANS, on safety paper 317
  • Exchequer ink .......... 201
    • 357

  • EZEKIEL, lamentations of the prophet 8, 21
  • FABER, ink pioneer 207, 211, 267, 331
  • FARRADY, PROFESSOR, discoverer of 184, 264
  • FEATHERSTONE, modern ink pioneer 207
  • Ferrara, city of 187
  • Fire-proof ink 201
  • FISHER, JOHN, author and penman 108
  • Fish-glue 82, 131
  • Fish skins 324
  • FISKE, ISABELLA HOWE, poetic lines by 347
  • FITZGERALD, HON. FRANK T 234, 235, 236
  • Flax, for paper 300
  • Florence, city of 92
  • Folium (see Leaves).
  • FORD, modern ink pioneer 208
  • Forger and forgeries 164
  • FOSBROOK, verses on the 95,96
  • FOSTER and DRAPER, on safety paper 318
  • Fountain pen 259
  • France, some references to 73, 83, 85, 91, 100, 207, 250, 251, 270
  • FRZAER, DR. PERSIFOR, author of 153
  • FREEMAN modern ink pioneer 208
  • French Academy of Sciences investigates the 121
  • French courts, custom in the 221,222
  • " copying ink 210
  • Fugitive colors, printing on paper of 321
  • " ink, ancient character of 41
  • " " modern character of 134, 177, 187
  • FULLER, on characteristics of paper 305
  • Fustic 175
  • GAFFORD, modern ink pioneer 207
  • Gall-apples for ink 74
  • Gallic acid for ink 74, 114, 115, 121, 128, 129, 132, 161, 191, 192, 323
  • "Gall" ink 74, 82, 90, 93, 97, 100, 102, 115, 121, 161, 191, 192, 323
  • Gall-nuts (see Nut-galls).
  • Galls (sour galls for) 82, 102
  • Gallo-tannic acid 127, 132, 166, 323
  • GARDNER, JOHN, author and penman 112
  • GEISSLER, modern ink pioneer 207
  • GEKOUSKI, case of 244
  • Gelatin or gelatine 2, 75, 161
  • " pad, transfers from 223, 224
  • German government investigates ink 126
  • Germany, some references to 60, 73, 86, 91, 97, 267, 270, 288, 300, 301, 310
  • GERY, PETER, author and penman 108
  • GESNER, old author 269
  • GETHING, RICHARD, author and penman 107
  • GILLOTT, JOSEPH, pen maker 257, 258
    • 358

  • Glucose in ink 134, 209
  • Glycerine in ink 134
  • GLYDE, ALFRED, on fungi in paper 311, 312, 313
  • GLYNN, on safety paper 316
  • GOBEL, modern ink pioneer 208
  • GOBERT, investigator of 130
  • Gold pen, old sign board of the 327
  • Gold ink 11, 40, 136, 202, 203, 204, 325, 326
  • Goose quills, pens made of 254, 255, 256
  • GORDON, GEORGE P., contested will of 224, 225, 226, 227, 228
  • GOULD, GEORGE J. 231, 232
  • GOULD, MISS HELEN 232
  • Gray ink, color of the 16th century 91, 97
  • GRAEBE, discoverer of 185
  • Graphite 199, 201, 267, 271
  • GRATWICK, MOSES, penman 110
  • Great Britain, destruction of MSS. in 47
  • Greeks, the ancient 4, 18, 19, 33, 40, 42, 55, 274, 275, 280, 324, 326
  • Greek manuscripts 80, 84, 91, 93
  • Green, ancient symbols of 3, 4
  • Green ink 95
  • GREGORY, HON. CLIFFORD D 231, 232, 233
  • Gum for ink 2, 42, 81, 83, 86, 123, 131, 161, 165, 196
  • " water 36
  • GUYOT, father of the modern ink industry 100, 207
  • HAENLE, modern ink pioneer 207
  • HAGAN WILLIAM E., author of 153
  • HALLUM, HENRY 60, 85
  • Hand and Pen, ancient sign board of the 327
  • HARDUIN, old writer 9
  • Harlein library 41
  • HARRIS, a discoverer of ancient papyri 277,278,279
  • HARRISON, SAMUEL, early steel pen maker 258
  • HAWKINS, early pen maker 259
  • HAYGEN, old author 280
  • HAYWARD, on safety paper 308
  • HEACOCK, JOHN, penman 109
  • Hebrew ink writings 325
  • " " "(Samaritan) 18, 22, 325
  • Hebrews, the 3, 13, 19, 62, 73, 74, 276
  • Hektograph 223
  • HELOT, first discoverer of 184
  • HENDRICHS, on safety paper 311
  • HENRY VII. of England 306
  • HENRY VIII. of England 303
  • HERAPATH, DR., on mummy bandages 332
  • " " on safety paper 317
  • Herculaneum 37, 39, 253, 326
    • 359

  • Hermoine purple 9
  • HERODOTUS, citations from 8, 273
  • HEUMANN, pioneer in the 185
  • Hieratic numbers 24
  • Hieratica, ancient name for paper 275
  • Hieroglyphics, Chinese 2
  • " Egyptian 11, 18
  • HIGGINS, modern ink pioneer 208, 212
  • HILPRECHT, author of 249, 250
  • HILDEBERT, Archbishop of Tours 294
  • HILL, on safety paper 319
  • Hindee, designation for 24
  • Historians, ancient ones misleading 15
  • Historical Society of New York 13
  • HODDER, JAMES, author and penman 109
  • HOFFMAN , A. W., inventor of 184
  • HOFFMAN, methods of 170
  • HOLLAND, DR., lines by 225
  • Holographic will of 223
  • HOLT, JUDGE-ADVOCATE, will of 234
  • HOMER, works of 41, 273
  • Honey in ink 2, 74
  • HOOPER, on safety paper 318
  • HORACE, lines from 6
  • Horn pens 257
  • HOSKINS, on safety paper 320
  • HORSLEY J., ink receipt of 194
  • HOTZ-OSTERWALD, observations of 74
  • HUGHES, LOUIS, author and penman 107
  • HUGO, penman 113
  • HUMPHREY, case of 244
  • HUMPHREY, JOHNSON, author and penman 109, 110
  • HUMPHREYS, NOEL, author of 18, 24, 25, 37, 247, 280
  • HYDE, modern ink pioneer 207
  • Hydrogen peroxide 169
  • IBN-HAUKAL, Arab traveler 324
  • Illumination of MSS 40, 52, 89, 92, 96
  • Indelible ink 11, 124, 125, 132, 135
  • India ink (see "Indian" ink).
  • Indian alphabetic writing 18
  • "Indian" ink 2, 14, 36, 40, 41, 72, 73, 80, 91, 106, 113, 126, 134, 156, 158, 161, 162, 189, 190, 206, 212, 338
  • Indians, the 18, 24
  • India purple 10
  • Indigo 7, 40, 101, 124, 127, 128, 133, 159, 160, 172, 173, 185, 186, 209
  • Induline 185
  • Industry of ink 90, 91, 207, 208
  • INGLIS, HESTER, pen woman 107
    • 360

  • INGRAHAM, HON. GEORGE L. 229, 230, 231
  • Ingrain colors, origin of name 7
  • Ink, ancient makers of 206
  • " of Arabia 2, 73
  • " alizarin 125
  • " bag 5
  • " binder 166
  • " bitumen 11, 36, 191
  • " black 2, 63, 72
  • " blue black (nigrosine) 134
  • " " " (tannin) 129, 130
  • " box 12
  • " charcoal 2
  • " Chinese (see "Indian" ink).
  • " cinnabar 40
  • " classifications of 131 to 136
  • " cobalt blue 40
  • " copper, oxide of 40
  • " copperas (blue) 36
  • " " (green) 42
  • " decoloration of 167, 168
  • " destruction of 164, 167
  • " discoloration of 164, 167
  • " early biblical 12
  • " eosin 227
  • " exchequer 201
  • " fire-proof201
  • " "gall" (see Gall ink).
  • " gold (see Gold ink).
  • " hetkograph 223, 224
  • " horn 12, 327
  • " India (see "Indian").
  • " "Indian" (see "Indian" ink).
  • " indelible (see Indelible ink).
  • " indigo (see Indigo ink).
  • " industry (see Industry of).
  • " Japanese use of word. 339
  • " kalkanthum (see Chalkanthum).
  • " lamp-black 2, 63
  • " legislation 137, 148, 149, 150, 151
  • " limpidity of 165
  • " manufacturers, names of 215, 216
  • " myrobolam (see Myrobolam ink).
  • " nigrosine (see Nigrosine).
  • " phenomena (see Phenomena of).
  • " plant of 158, 198
  • " odd names for 214
  • " pomegranate (see Pomegranate).
    • 361

  • Ink, prussian blue (see Prussian blue)
  • " purple 10
  • " raven black 211
  • " reagents 170
  • " receipts (see Receipts for).
  • " record (see Record inks).
  • " red 4, 40, 133, 134
  • " restoration (see Restoration of).
  • " secret 40, 135, 331
  • " sepia 5
  • " silver 11, 40, 135
  • " stand 39
  • " tanno-gallate (see Tanno-gallate of).
  • " vanadium 210
  • " vehicles (see Vehicles for).
  • " vermilion 6, 7, 36, 40
  • " vitriolic 6, 36, 37, 63, 74, 82
  • IRELAND, confessions of 304, 305
  • Irish monks 68
  • " writing 68, 69, 70, 71, 326
  • Iron, carburet of (see Black-lead).
  • " rust 175
  • " sulphate 42, 82, 128, 132, 166, 173
  • " vessels 75
  • IRVINE, investigator of 130, 170
  • ISAIAH, the prophet 276
  • ISADORE, ancient author 256
  • Isinglass 2, 82, 161, 166, 189
  • Island, ancient name for 65, 68
  • Israel, children of 13,19
  • Italy, some references to 42, 75, 85, 91, 92, 267
  • IVERS, PETER, penman 108
  • JAHN, modern ink pioneer 207
  • JAMESON, on safety paper 319
  • JAMETEL, MAURICE, author of 130
  • Janthina prolongata, source of the 10
  • JARMAN, JOHN, author and penman 110
  • Japanese paper 296, 297
  • " writings 23, 252
  • JOB, citations from book of 21, 42
  • JOHNS, MARY, authoress and pen woman 111
  • JOHNSON, DANIEL, penman 326
  • " JOHN, author and penman 108
  • " on safety paper 316
  • JOSEPH 12, 13
  • JOSEPHUS, observations of 11, 21
  • JOSHUA 9
  • Joy, modern ink pioneer 208
    • 362

  • Juncas, material for ancient pens 251
  • Jury verdicts, affected by 218
  • Kalkanthum (see Chalkanthum)
  • KEER V. SOUTHWICK, case of 244
  • KELLAM, DAVID L., case of 233,234
  • KENNETT, anecdote by 14, 15
  • KEPPAX, WILLIAM, penman 110
  • Kermez, ancient name for 7, 187
  • KINDT, investigator of 130, 207
  • KNIGHT, CHARLES, author of 291
  • KNIGHT, PROFESSOR, observations by 13, 248, 273, 276
  • KOOP, MATHIUS, author of 306
  • KUNCKEL, author of 105
  • LA CROIX, PAUL, on the Dark Ages 54, 55
  • LA MOINE, author 266
  • Lamp-black 2, 36, 63, 74, 76, 77, 86, 136, 158
  • LANE, author and penman 110
  • LANGTON, JOHN, author and penman 110
  • LASSIAGNE, observations of 177
  • Latin ink writing 326
  • " letters 18
  • " manuscripts 92, 93
  • Latium 18
  • LAWLESS-FLEMING, case of 244
  • Lead pencil (see Pencil).
  • Leaf (leaves) 32, 39, 274
  • LECKEY, author and penman 111
  • Lees of wine 63, 75, 76, 82
  • LEGG, HENRY, author and penman 109
  • Legislation on ink 137, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152
  • LEHNER, PROFESSOR, author of 152
  • LELAND, English antiquarian 99
  • Lemon juice 174
  • LEMORT, Dutch author 105
  • Lens, proper size of a 166
  • LEONHARDI, ink pioneer 125, 207
  • LEPOWITZ, investigator of 130, 207
  • LEWIS, PROFESSOR WILLIAM 115, 207
  • Libraries 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 45, 46, 47, 48, 60, 63, 71, 92,94,97, 282, 288, 298, 299, 325
  • LIEBERMAN, discoverer of 185
  • Linen paper 83, 166, 206, 284, 301
  • Livinia, ancient name for paper 275
  • LLOYD, EDWARD, author and penman 112
  • "Loading" in ink 133
  • LOEWENBURG, on safety paper 318
  • Logwood 115, 133, 134, 158, 173, 175, 186, 187, 192, 190
  • London, an ink center 207
    • 363

  • "London Athenæum," citations from 277, 278, 279
  • Lost art, dyeing thought to be a 2
  • Lotus tree (see Acacia tree).
  • LOUBATERIES, on safety paper 317
  • LUCAR, ELIZABETH, authoress and writer 106,107
  • LYDDY, case of 244
  • LYONS, modern ink pioneer 208
  • Madder 7, 8, 133, 159, 173, 174, 186
  • MAI, ANGELO 288
  • MAIMONIDES 73
  • MAITLAND, observation of 94, 95
  • MELEPEYER, author of 125, 193
  • MANDAN, FALCONER 68, 69, 70, 71, 84, 285, 286, 287
  • Manufacturers, names of ink 215, 216
  • Manuscripts, some references to ancient 14, 25, 30, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, 45, 46, 52, 53, 58, 59, 60, 61, 68, 80, 91, 92, 126, 156, 275, 280, 284, 299, 300, 324, 325, 328, 330, 338, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346
  • Manuscripts, some existing fragments of ancient 47, 48 49, 50, 51, 278, 279
  • MARCELLINUS, observations by 38
  • MARKOE, PROFESSOR, conclusions by 146, 149
  • MARTIAL, on books 41, 58, 59
  • MARTIN, GENERAL WALTER 347
  • Martinique, eruption in 38
  • Massachusetts, first ink legislation in 137, 148, 149, 211, 213
  • MASSEY, WILLIAM, author of 17, 112
  • MATEROT, French penman 113
  • MATHEWS, PROFESSOR J. MERRETT, editor of 154
  • MAURIN, modern ink pioneer 207
  • MAURITIUS (Abbè de Cluni) 300
  • MAYNARD and NOYES, modern ink pioneers 208, 212
  • MCGILL, CHANCELLOR, of New Jersey 224, 227, 228
  • Me, Chinese word for 3
  • Mechanical wood pulp 310
  • Mediterranean, the 9, 10, 273, 275
  • MEERMAN, author of 301
  • MELLIS, JOHN, author and penman 107
  • Mentz Bible 303
  • MENZIES, on safety paper 319
  • Mercuric chloride for 173
  • MERRET, CHRISTOPHER, author of 104
  • Metallic lead 267
  • Mexican writing 23, 267, 277
  • Microscope 74, 218, 220, 224, 275, 300
  • MIDDLETON, on safety paper 318
  • Milan, library of 325
  • MILLER, observations of 252
  • Milinum, an ancient color 10
    • 364

  • MILNS, WILLIAM, author and penman 112
  • Miniscule writing 69, 70
  • Minium, ancient color 6, 11
  • MIR ALI, famous penman 344
  • Missals 92, 97
  • Missionaries, the Latin 67
  • Modern ink, when first introduced 83
  • Modern paper (wood pulp) 309
  • MOHAMMED HUSSEIN, penman 343
  • Monasteries 55, 68, 71, 99
  • Monastic libraries 94, 97, 99
  • Monks, the 47, 62, 66, 68, 78, 79, 94, 95, 286, 287
  • MONROE, THOS. J., contested will of 219, 220, 221, 222
  • MOORE, modern ink pioneer 208
  • Moors, the 85, 298, 299, 300
  • MORDAN, ink pioneer and pen maker 207, 259
  • MORE, ROBERT, author and penman 109, 327
  • MORRELL, ink pioneer 207
  • MORRIS, RICHARD, penman 211
  • Mosaic ceremonies, color for 3
  • MOSES, the law giver 19, 20, 284
  • Moss, on safety paper 317
  • MOUNTFAUCON 80
  • Mt. Pelee 38
  • Mt. Sinai 19
  • Mt. Vesuvius 37, 38
  • Mummies 7, 159, 312, 332
  • MUNSELL, author of 295
  • Murex, color-producing shell-fish 8
  • MURRAY, modern ink pioneer 208
  • Musk 2
  • Myrobolam ink 11, 80, 130, 158
  • Myrobolams 10, 11
  • Nàblus copy of the Pentatuech 23
  • Narbonne 10
  • NERI, ANTONIO, author of 104
  • New Granada, ink plant of 158, 198
  • New York Dredging Co., case of 244
  • " " Legislature (1894) 149
  • " " State Bar Association 154
  • New Testament, the 12, 71, 86, 285
  • NEWTON, SIR ISAAC 17
  • NICHOLAS, ABRAHAM, author and penman 110
  • NICHOLES, investigator of 130
  • NICHOLSON, discoverer of 185
  • NICOLSON, WILLIAM, Archdeacon of 64, 65, 66, 67
  • Nigrosine 134, 185, 210
  • Nile, mud of the 32
    • 365

  • Nile, on the 252
  • NISSAN, on safety paper 318
  • NORMAN, PETER, penman 111
  • NOWLAN, on safety paper 319
  • Nubia 324
  • Numerals 24, 93, 241
  • Nummi, ancient money 9
  • Nut-galls 11, 42, 74, 82, 166, 323, 324
  • Oak trees 323
  • Official paper 309
  • " ink 126, 213
  • Oil, lamp black from 2
  • OLDFIELD, JOHN, penman 111
  • OLIER, on safety paper 318
  • OLLYFFE, THOMAS, author and penman 110
  • Orchil 133, 158, 173, 174, 185
  • Oriental manuscripts 92, 93, 342
  • Output of modern ink 212
  • OUSLEY, SIR WM. GORE, antiquarian and 342
  • OVERBIQUE, penman 113
  • OVID 35, 36, 135, 283
  • Oxalic acid 97
  • Oxygen, ink affected by the 164, 165
  • Pagan writings 42, 55
  • Paintings of writing utensils 13, 34
  • Palasgian writing 23
  • PALGRAVE, observations of 67
  • Palimpsests 68, 86, 288, 338
  • Palestine 73
  • PALMER, GENERAL, Secretary of State 149
  • Paper 67, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 164, 166, 273, 295, 296, 297, 301
  • Paper manufactured in England 306
  • " " " the United States 306
  • " safety (see Safety paper).
  • " tests for absorbing quantities of 314
  • " " " direction of grain of 314
  • " " " ground wood 314, 315
  • " " " ink resisting quantities 314
  • " " " sizing of 313,314
  • " " the aniline-sulphate 316
  • Papura, ancient color of the 8
  • Papyrito River 324
  • Papyrus 11, 32,34, 39, 68, 74, 85, 86, 246, 253, 273, 274, 275, 280, 282, 290, 323, 326, 329
  • Parchment 33, 67, 86, 93, 97, 206, 273, 275, 282, 283, 288, 289, 290, 293, 299
  • PARDIE, JOHN, author and penman 108
  • Paretonium, ancient color of 10
    • 366

  • Paris, an ink center 207
  • PARISAL, his estimation of 330, 331
  • Parliament, prohibition of 187
  • " legalizes the 187
  • PARKES, on the Borrowdale mine 262
  • Patent office, use of ink by the 331
  • PAUL, modern ink maker 208
  • PEDDINGTON, investigations of 121
  • Pelagium, ancient color of 9, 10
  • Pencil, "black-lead" 261-271
  • " brush 251
  • " erased writing of 182
  • " red chalk 267
  • "Penny Encyclopædia," citations from 293, 294
  • PENNY, PROFESSOR, on solubility of tannin 121
  • Pens, ancient 13, 22, 62, 246, 251, 260
  • " diamond pointed 250, 257
  • " fountain 259
  • " gold 259, 326
  • " horn 257
  • " movement 97
  • " rack, ancient 13
  • " ruby pointed 257
  • " steel 257
  • " " effect on 198
  • " stylographic 259
  • " tortoise shell 257
  • Pentatuech 23, 284
  • PERET, AUGUSTA, author of 153
  • Pergamus library 28, 45, 282
  • PERKINS, case of 244
  • PERKINS, discoverer of 184, 198
  • Permanent ink 147, 200, 201, 202, 330
  • PERLENCH, AMBROSIUS, penman 113
  • PERRY, pen maker 258
  • Persia, some references to 4, 16, 18, 26, 27, 87, 247, 252, 340, 342, 346
  • Persian berries 175
  • PERSIUS, translation of lines of 333
  • PETTUS, SIR JOHN 265, 266, 267
  • Phœnicians 9, 18, 27, 323, 324
  • PHELAN V. PRESS PUBLISHING CO 244
  • Phenolphtalein test solution 168
  • Phenomena, ink 97, 101, 115, 168, 170, 171, 172, 175, 208
  • Philosophical Magazine, citation from 332
  • Phloroglucin test for 315
  • Photography and color screens 347
  • " " court exhibits 222-230
  • " " transmitted light 167
    • 367

  • PHRYSIUS, penman 113
  • PICKHARDT, CARL, first importer of 227
  • PICOLIMINI, author 61
  • Picric acid 175
  • "Pictorial Bible," citation from the 3
  • Picture writing 18
  • PIESSE, M., his method for removing 172
  • PINKERTONS, the famous 240, 241, 242
  • Platinum for ink 136
  • PLATO, on importance of writing 25
  • PLINY, the elder 274
  • PLINY, the younger 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 34, 36, 76, 135, 158, 255, 266, 273, 274, 276, 329
  • Plumbago (see Graphite).
  • PLUTARCH, works of 61
  • Poem on the Dark Ages 43, 44
  • Pomegranate 63, 75, 77, 80, 81, 196, 197
  • POMEROY, modern ink maker 208
  • Pompeii 32, 37, 38, 39
  • POPE LEO X 51
  • " MARTIN 60
  • " NICHOLAS V 92
  • " PIUS II 46
  • " PIUS IX 309
  • PORTA, JOHN BAPTISTA, author of 101, 102, 103
  • Portugal 186
  • Potassium, bichromate of 135, 173
  • " cyanide of 175
  • " ferro-cyanide of 169, 172
  • " permanganate of 172
  • " sulpho-cyanide of 338
  • " yellow-chromate of 133, 187
  • Potato to clean pens 330
  • Pot-paper (see Water marks).
  • Pounce box 339
  • POWELL, EDWARD, penman 112
  • PRECHT, investigator of 130
  • Prices of ancient colors and 8, 9, 10
  • " " " MSS 92
  • PRIESTLY, DR., author 258
  • Primitive ink 2
  • Printed paper 309
  • Printing 55, 57, 58, 96
  • Prisse papyrus 324
  • Prussian blue 134, 158, 173
  • Psalmanazer, history of 57
  • PTOLEMY, EPIPHANES 251
  • " LAGUS 274
    • 368

  • PTOLEMY, PHILADELPHUS 27, 61, 282, 325, 326
  • " SOTER 27
  • PURCELLI, author 280, 325
  • Purple 3, 9, 40, 95
  • PYTHAGORUS 26
  • Pyrites, for ink 62
  • Quill pens 62, 253, 254, 256, 257, 327, 328
  • Rags for paper 299, 301, 307, 308
  • "Raising," check 168
  • RALEIGH, SIR WALTER 250
  • Raman, ancient emblem for 81
  • RANSOM, HON. RASTUS S. 219-222
  • Raven-black ink 211
  • RAVEN, WILLIAM, author and penman 108
  • RAYNOR, JOHN, author and penman 109
  • Receipts for ink 188-204
  • Record inks 138-149, 155-162, 166, 213
  • Red aniline 174
  • " ink 40, 133, 174
  • " pencils 267, 269
  • " ochre 6
  • Reed pens 13, 246, 251, 252, 253, 256
  • Reformation, the 97
  • Renaissance, the 55
  • Restoration of ink 164, 169
  • REUMER, on use of wood for 306, 309
  • RIBAUCOURT, ink pioneer 193, 207
  • Rice paper 135
  • RICHARD, DANIEL, author and penman 108
  • RICHARDS, WILLIAM, author and penman 110
  • RICHARDSON, on the misleading historians 15, 16
  • RIFFAULT, investigator of 130
  • RINEARD v. BOWERS, case of 244
  • Ritualistic ink 2,36,37
  • RITTENHOUSE, WILLIAM, first American 306
  • ROBERTSON, methods of 170
  • ROLLIN'S "Ancient History" 27-30
  • Rolls, bark (see Bark rolls).
  • Rolls for the ancient records 274, 275, 283, 289, 329
  • Romans, the ancient 4, 18, 34, 42, 59, 61, 66, 93, 256, 275, 283
  • Rome 40, 43, 55, 83, 274
  • Ross, on safety paper 317
  • ROSSELINI, on paper and ink 11
  • Rosetta stone 250, 251
  • ROUSSET, on ancient pigments and 6
  • Royal library of Paris 299, 324
  • " society of England 115, 116
  • Rubric 95
    • 369

  • RUNGE, ink pioneer 184, 187, 207
  • Rush leaves for paper 32
  • Russia, ancient documents of 328
  • Rutilius, poem by 42
  • RYOLD, case of 244
  • Safety ink 136, 321
  • " paper 315-321, 347
  • Saffron 6, 174
  • SALMON, author of 105
  • Salsugo 136
  • Salts of iron (see Iron sulphate).
  • Samaritan alphabetic writing 18, 325
  • " Pentatucch 23
  • Sand-box 18
  • " green for teaching 18
  • SANFORD, modern ink maker 208
  • San Quetin prison 240
  • Saracens 29, 45, 85
  • SATHERWAITE, WILLIAM, ink receipt of 193
  • Scapi (ancient rolls) 32, 34
  • Scarlet color 4, 7
  • Scandinavian books 67
  • SCHEFFER early pen maker 259
  • SCHLUMBERGER, on safety paper 319, 320
  • SCHLUTTIG and NUEMANN 130
  • SCHMIDT, ink pioneer 207
  • SCHOOLEY, case of 244
  • Schools, ancient 26
  • SCHRIEBER, on safety paper 316
  • Scotland 68
  • SCOUTTETEN, on safety paper 316
  • Scribes, ancient 12, 13, 14, 19, 34, 68, 96
  • Scriptoriums (scriptoria) 68, 95
  • Scrolls 273, 280
  • Sealing, ancient custom of 21
  • " wax 329
  • SEAMER, JAMES, author and penman 108
  • Secreta 62, 75, 78, 82, 83, 90, 103
  • Secret ink 40, 103, 132, 135, 136, 331-338
  • SEDDEN, JOHN, author and penman 109
  • SENECA, on books 28, 41
  • Senegal, gum of 196
  • Sepia 5, 75
  • Sepher, Hebrew word for 249
  • SETHOSIS, first Pharoah of 12
  • SEYS, on safety paper 317
  • SHELLEY, GEORGE, author and penman 109
  • Shell-fish colors 8
    • 370

  • Shakespearean forgeries 304, 305
  • SHORTLAND, JOHN, author and penman 110
  • Signet 20
  • Sign of the cross 19, 67
  • Silk paper 296
  • SILLERY, penman 113
  • Silver ink 11, 40, 135
  • " style 267
  • SILVESTRE, on writing 17
  • SIMONIDES, 18
  • " CONSTANTINE, forger 287
  • Sinai (see Mt. Sinai).
  • Sinaitic codex 285, 286, 287
  • Skins 6, 22, 33, 246, 273, 283, 284
  • SMITH, EDWARD, author and penman 109
  • SMITH'S "Bible Dictionary" 23
  • SMYTHERS, peninan 113
  • SNELL, CHARLES, author and penman 109
  • SNOW, RALPH, author and penman 110
  • Soap and water for erasing 173
  • Society of Arts 120, 122, 311
  • Soda process, for making 310
  • Sour galls 82
  • South American products, some 158, 187
  • SPARRE, on safety paper 317
  • Spain 73, 83, 85
  • Spanish ink 91
  • " licorice 189
  • SPRINGMÜTHL, discoverer of 185
  • STAFFORD, modern ink pioneer 207, 211, 212
  • STARK, DR. JAMES 122, 123, 124, 159, 160, 207
  • State Bar Association of N. Y 154
  • Staves 32,67
  • ST. BROVVERUS, ancient author 256
  • STEARNS, modern ink pioneer 208
  • Steel pen (see Pens).
  • " " ink 209, 210
  • STEPHENS, ink pioneer 207
  • STEVENSON, on safety paper 316
  • STILECHO 42
  • ST. JEROME 41,42,288
  • STONES, on safety paper 346
  • St. Petersburg 287
  • STROTHER, ULMAN, paper maker 306
  • STOREY, case of 244
  • STORY, PETER, author and penman 108
  • Stylographic ink 330
  • " pen 259
    • 371

  • Stylus 22, 35, 40, 182, 246, 247, 266, 268, 342
  • Substitutes for "Indian" ink 36
  • SUETONIUS, on book forms 33
  • Sugar in ink 129, 130, 134
  • Sulphite process, for making 310, 311, 316
  • Sumac 158
  • Sunlight for ink 77, 147
  • SWAN, HON. ROBERT T. 137-149, 157
  • SWIFT, DEAN, lines on ink 341
  • Symbols, ancient color 3, 4
  • Sympathetic ink (see Secret ink).
  • SYMS, on safety paper 319
  • Syrians 18
  • TAAUT or THOTH 18, 25
  • Table books 20, 21
  • Tablets 12, 22, 249
  • Tallies for keeping accounts 326
  • Talmud 73, 74
  • Tannin, 74, 115, 128, 133, 161, 169
  • " more soluble in cold water than 121
  • Tanning 80
  • Tanno-gallate of iron ink 45, 72, 82, 83, 121, 131, 154, 155, 156, 158, 159, 160, 163, 165, 168, 172
  • Tarantine purple 10
  • TARLING, ink pioneer 207
  • Tartar-emetic (tartarated antimony) 173
  • Tawny colored inks 80
  • TAYLOR, ISAAC 52, 53
  • Tekeleth, Hebrew word for 5
  • TEN COMMANDMENTS 20
  • THACKER, ink pioneer 207
  • THAMUS, colloquy with 25
  • Thebes 13
  • THEOPHILUS, Italian monk 78, 79, 80
  • THEOPHRASTUS 32, 273
  • THOMAS, modern ink pioneer 208
  • THOMPSON, EDWARD MAUNDE 289
  • THOMSON (Lord Kelvin) 130, 170
  • THORLESS v. NERNST, case of 244
  • Thorn tree 78, 79, 80, 81
  • TIGERE, on safety paper 316
  • TIGHE will contest 234, 235, 236
  • Time affects ink 165, 166, 167
  • Tin, muriate of 174
  • Tinctures as ink 5, 115
  • TISCHENDORF, editor of Greek Bible 285
  • Title page, ancient place for the 341
  • TITUS, EMPEROR 38
    • 372

  • TODD, modern ink pioneer 208
  • Tortoise-shell pens 257
  • Trade names for ink 214
  • Tragacanth, gum 266
  • TRAILLE, investigator of 130, 207
  • Transmitted light in photography 167
  • TREADWAY, TIMOTHY, penman 111
  • Treatises 65
  • TREFETHEN, case of 244
  • TRIEST, modern ink pioneer 207
  • True paper (see Linen paper).
  • Turmeric 175
  • TURNER, PROFESSOR EDWARD 114
  • Tyrian purple 10, 56
  • Tyrians, the 8
  • Umbilici for manuscripts 32
  • Uncial letters 40, 256
  • UNDERWOOD, JOHN, ink pioneer 207
  • United States currency 315, 316
  • " " ink used in 101
  • " " patent office 331
  • " " treasury department 137, 149
  • University of Pennsylvania 340
  • UNVERDORBEN, discoverer of 184
  • URE, author and investigator of 130, 207, 264
  • VALLE, PIETRO DELLA 23
  • Vanadium 133, 158, 210
  • VAN MOOS, ink pioneer 207
  • VAN NÜYS, on safety paper 319
  • VAN DEN VELDE, author and penman 112
  • Vapor of iodine for 177-182
  • VARRO 41, 274
  • Vatican library 47, 51, 92, 288, 309
  • VAUGH, SAMUEL, penman 111
  • Vegetable dyes, ancient 8
  • " gums 165
  • Vehicles, ink 135, 161, 165, 166
  • Vellum 33, 67, 68, 85, 88, 93, 97, 206, 246, 283, 288, 291, 293
  • Vermilion ink 6, 7, 36, 40
  • Vespaciano 93
  • VICUM, JOHANN FRED'R, author and penman 112
  • Vienna, an ink center 207
  • VIGNON, penman 113
  • VINCENTINO, LUDIVICO, author and penman 112
  • Vinegar in ink 86
  • Violet aniline 173, 174
  • Violet iodine 173, 174
  • VIRGIN MARY 4, 5
    • 373

  • Vitriol 36, 63, 74, 82, 103
  • Vitriolic ink 6, 36, 37, 63, 74, 82
  • Volumena (see Scrolls).
  • Volumens (rolls) 26
  • Wad (see Graphite).
  • Wafers, introduction of 340
  • WALKDEN, modern ink pioneer 208
  • WALLACH, modern ink pioneer 208
  • WALSHINGHAM, SIR FRANCIS 326
  • WARTON, citation from 292
  • Wasp, the 323
  • Water-glass 124
  • WATERLOOS, ink pioneer 207
  • Water-marks in paper 302, 305, 315
  • WATSON, THOMAS, author and penman 108
  • WATTENBACH, author and savant 127
  • Wax, sealing 329
  • " shoemakers 328
  • " tablets 22, 325, 326
  • WEBB, BENJAMIN, penman 112
  • WEBSTER, WILLIAM, penman 110
  • WEIS, on safety paper 320
  • Weld 6, 175
  • West Indies 187
  • WESTON, ELIZABETH JANE, pen woman 107
  • WESTON, THOMAS, author and penman 108
  • WHEATCRAFT, WILLIAM G., author and penman 112
  • WHILTON, BRIGHT, penman 111
  • White, symbol of 4
  • WHITEHEAD, poetical lines by 5
  • White-lead 6
  • WIGIN, ELEAZER, author and penman 109
  • WILLIAMS, CALEB, author and penman 108
  • WILLIAMSON, PEREGRINE 258
  • Wine 63, 75, 76, 102
  • WISE, inventor of steel pens 257
  • WISLAR, investigator of 130, 170
  • Wood-pulp for paper 306, 309, 310, 323
  • WOODHAM, CHARLES, author and penman 111
  • WOODMANSEE, modern ink pioneer 208
  • WOODS, case of 244
  • WORTHINGTON, modern ink pioneer 208
  • Write, origin of word 67
  • Writing, Art of 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 23, 24, 25, 40, 48, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 95, 131, 323
  • " " Hebrew script 22
  • " instruments of antiquity 21, 245 to 266
  • " materials 61, 62
    • 374

  • WIJ-WONG, Chinese Emperor 3
  • Yeast for ink 74, 75
  • Yellow ink 95, 174
  • YOUNG, DR.THOMAS 251
  • ZINAN, discoverer of 181
  • ZONARAS, ancient writer 324
THE END.
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