University of Virginia Library

1. Indeed, during America's bicentennial celebration in 1976, the American Institute of
Architects declared Mr. Jefferson's Academical Village "the proudest achievement of
American architecture in the past 200 years." AIA Journal, 65 (July 1976), 91, quoted in
Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time: The Sage of Monticello, (Boston, 1981), xvii.
Montgomery Schuyler of the New York Times was possibly the first to draw attention to the
scope of the university in his article "A History of Old Colonial Architecture," published in
the Architectural Record in 1895: "Jefferson's scheme was incomparably the most ambitious
and monumental architectural project that had or has yet been conceived in this century" (4
[January-March 1895], 351-53, quoted in Richard Guy Wilson, "Jefferson's Lawn:
Perceptions, Interpretations, Meanings," in Richard Guy Wilson, ed., Thomas Jefferson's
Academical Village: The Creation of an Architectural Masterpiece [Charlottesville, 1993],
58).

2. Nathaniel Francis Cabell, ed., Early History of the University of Virginia, as Contained in
the Letters of Thomas Jefferson and Joseph C. Cabell . . . with an Appendix . . . and an
Introduction . . . and a Biographical Notice of Joseph C. Cabell (Richmond, 1856). A
half-century later John S. Patton elaborated on Cabell's theme in Jefferson, Cabell and the
University of Virginia (New York, 1906).

3. Herbert Baxter Adams, ed., Thomas Jefferson and the University of Virginia (Washington,
D.C., 1888). The book includes essays by Adams and other writers. The most complete list
of nineteenth-century publications related to the University of Virginia is "A Bibliography of
the History of the University of Virginia," in ibid., 203-16.

4. Paul B. Barringer and James Mercer Garnett, eds., University of Virginia: Its History,
Influence, Equipment and Characteristics with Biographical Sketches and Portraits of
Founders, Benefactors, Officers and Alumni, (New York, 1904), 2 volumes.

5. Philip Alexander Bruce, History of the University of Virginia, 1819-1919: The
Lengthened Shadow of One Man (New York, 1920-22), 5 volumes.

6. Virginus Dabney, Mr. Jefferson's University: A History (Charlottesville, 1981). The
writings of Roy John Honeywell, Dumas Malone, and Alf J. Mapp, Jr., also fall into the
institutional category although Jefferson, and not the university, was the primary focus of
their work. See Roy John Honeywell, The Educational Work of Thomas Jefferson
(Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1930); Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time: The Sage of
Monticello, (Boston, 1981); and Alf J. Mapp, Jr., Thomas Jefferson, Passionate Pilgrim:
The Presidency, the Founding of the University, and the Private Battle (Lanham, Maryland,
1991).

7. See the bibliography for the works by these and the following authors who have written
from the architectural perspective: John Kevan Peebles, Lewis Mumford, Edwin M. Betts,
Bryan Little, Joseph Lee Vaughan and Omer Allan Gianniny, Jr., David Bell, Mary Woods,
Susan D. Riddick, Joseph Michael Lasala, Patricia C. Sherwood, James Murray Howard,
and Charles E. Brownell.

8. William A. Lambeth and Warren H. Manning, Jefferson as an Architect and Designer of
Landscapes (Boston, 1913).

9. Fiske Kimball, Thomas Jefferson, Architect (Boston, 1916); other writings of Kimball
that are relevant in this context include "Thomas Jefferson and the First Monument of the
Classic Revival in America," Journal of the American Institute of Architects, 3 (September-
November 1915), 370-81, 421-33, 473-91; "Thomas Jefferson and the Origin of the
Classical Revival in America," Art and Archaeology, 1 (May 1915), 219-27; "The Genesis
of Jefferson's Plan for the University of Virginia," Architecture, 48 (December 1932),
397-99.

10. Frederick Doveton Nichols, Thomas Jefferson's Architectural Drawings (Boston and
Charlottesville, 1961, 1984); with William B. O'Neal, "An Architectural History of the First
University Pavilion," in The Magazine of Albemarle County History, 15 (1957), 36-43; with
James A. Bear, Jr., Monticello (Meridan, Connecticut, 1967); "Jefferson: The Making of an
Architect," in W. H. Adams, ed., Jefferson and the Arts: An Extended View (Washington,
D.C., 1976); "Restoring Jefferson's University," in C. E. Peterson, ed., Building Early
America (Philadelphia, 1976); "Jefferson: The Making of an Architect," in W. H. Adams,
ed., Jefferson and the Arts: An Extended View (Washington, D.C., 1976); with Walter Muir
Whitehill, Palladio in America (Milan, 1976); with Ralph E. Griswold, Thomas Jefferson,
Landscape Architect (Charlottesville, 1978); and "Architecture," in Merrill D. Peterson, ed.,
Thomas Jefferson: A Reference Biography (New York, 1986), 215-32.

11. See Richard Charles Cote, "The Architectural Workmen of Thomas Jefferson in
Virginia," (Boston University, Ph.D. thesis, 1986).

12. K. Edward Lay, "Charlottesville's Architectural Legacy," in The Magazine of Albemarle
County History, 46 (May 1988), 28-95, and Lay's forthcoming An Architectural History of
Albemarle County, Virginia, which documents 3,200 houses built between 1727 and 1939.

13. Richard Guy Wilson, ed., Thomas Jefferson's Academical Village: The Creation of an
Architectural Masterpiece (Charlottesville, 1993), 46-73; see also Wilson, with Charles E.
Brownell, Calder Loth, William M. S. Rasmussen, The Making of Virginia Architecture,
(Richmond, 1992).

14. Wilson's project, The Architecture of Thomas Jefferson, rests upon the Standard
Generalized Mark-up Language (SGML) and thus is not bound to any proprietary computer
platform or software. The Institute for Advanced Technologies in the Humanities at the
University of Virginia is providing the technical assistance to produce the database, which
can be accessed via the World-Wide Web at: http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/wilson/

15. See O'Neal's Jefferson's Fine Arts Library: His Selections for the University of Virginia
Together with His Own Architectural Books (Charlottesville, 1976).

16. O'Neal, Jefferson's Buildings at the University of Virginia: The Rotunda (Charlottesville,
1960); "The Workmen at the University of Virginia, 1817-1826: With Notes and
Documents," The Magazine of Albemarle County History, 17 (1958-1959), 5-48; "Michele
and Giacomo Raggi at the University of Virginia: With Notes and Documents," ibid., 18
(1959-1960), 5-31; "Financing the Construction of the University of Virginia: Notes and
Documents," ibid., 23 (1964-1965), 4-34. For some of O'Neal's other works, which fall
more into the architectural camp, see the bibliography.

17. While Jefferson in his old age lived during an era when life for most people typically
resembled that of previous generations, it is also true that the men and women of that period
lived near the end of a long evolutionary phase in western history that had slowly prepared
the way for more dramatic changes in the practical arts, changes that would in another
century culminate in the modern technological society that we are more familiar with (see
Carl Lounsbury's introduction to An Illustrated Glossary of Early Southern Architecture and
Landscape [New York, 1994], ix-viv).

18. Water-powered saw mills, for instance, were only beginning to find their way into the
Virginia Piedmont; hence much of the hundreds of thousands (if not millions) of feet of raw
lumber used in the building of the university was sawed by hand, in a pit-saw, by two-men
crews. It was dirty, hard, time-consuming work. Wages for workmen were always low, and
for slaves lower still (see appendix B).