University of Virginia Library

James Pinker to James Joyce, 1915-1920
by
John Firth [*]

James B. Pinker, who was a literary agent for such figures as Joseph Conrad, Arnold Bennett, Ford Madox Ford, John Galsworthy, A. E. Housman, Henry James, D. H. Lawrence, Wyndham Lewis, and H. G. Wells, took on James Joyce as a client in 1915, at Wells' suggestion, and remained his representative until his death of pneumonia during a business trip to New York in February 1922. The agency was taken over by J. B. Pinker's sons Eric, Ralph, and James, but Joyce's reliance upon the firm dwindled after the elder Pinker's death. The years that J. B. Pinker handled Joyce's affairs had seen the successful publication of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses as well as reissues of Chamber Music and Dubliners, while in the years following Pinker's death Joyce found himself less dependent upon the agency's services, having by then been established as an important author.

Although Ezra Pound sometimes disparaged Pinker's abilities and his function in Joyce's career, liking to count himself solely responsible for Joyce's rise, Joyce had confidence in his agent, and knew him to be a better man of business than himself. It was Pinker's role not only to stand as a bulwark between Joyce and the world of business, but to dissuade Joyce from the various schemes of others and to protect him from his own impulse towards hucksterism. It is a credit to Pinker's reputation as a literary agent, in view of Joyce's frustration at not seeing his work quickly in print and in spite of the complexity of Joyce's maneuverings among many minor publishers, both continental and British, that he remained dedicated to his client's long-range interests, preferring to wait upon established houses and insisting on decent contracts between author and publisher.

Pinker's letters in the Cornell Joyce Collection contain information involving Joyce's contracts with Grant Richards, B. W. Huebsch, and Harriet Weaver and the Egoist magazine. They help chart the migrations of Joyce's manuscripts, and document the sources and amounts of some of his meager income during the period, besides serving as a useful companion to those collections of letters dealing with Joyce's business difficulties already published ("Grant Richards to James Joyce," Studies in Bibliography, XVI; "Harriet Weaver's Letters to James Joyce," Studies in Bibliography, XX; and, of course, Stuart Gilbert's and Richard Ellmann's Letter of James Joyce).

These letters, fifty-one in all, are in good condition, typewritten on business stationery headed "James B. Pinker, Literary and Dramatic Agent, Talbot House, Arundel Street, Strand, London, W. C.," and all signed "J. B. Pinker," except letter Cornell Number 965 signed "James B. Pinker," Numbers 1012 and 1015 signed "Eric S. Pinker," and Number 1011 signed "Eric S. Pinker for JBP." Cornell Number 1014, and the enclosures with Cornell Numbers 985 and 998 are handwritten account sheets on ledger-lined paper headed "In Account with James B. Pinker, Talbot House, Arundel St. Strand. W. C."

Any editorial corrections or emendations of these letters are described in the text, only headings, closings, and signatures being omitted here for compression. The brief notes which follow many of the letters are included in order to specify related letters, to identify some of the people mentioned, and to clarify some of the remarks whose significance may be lost in a one-sided record of correspondence.

965

My friend, Mr. H. G. Wells, has drawn my attention to your serial story which is appearing in The Egoist,[1] and I have been reading it with great interest. If you would intrust the book rights of your novels to me I should be very glad indeed to have the opportunity of handling them. I wonder if you are ever in town and could spare time to call and see me?[2]

966

I have to thank you for your letter of the 1st inst. just received.[1] I am sorry that you are committed so extensively to Mr. Grant Richards but I suppose that cannot now be helped.[2] You do not say whether the terms are fixed with Mr. Richards, but if they are not fixed, then would you not require my services to arrange them with him? If the terms are fixed by your contract with him, then you would not, of course, require those books to come under our agreement, unless you wished me to look after the business. I think, if you wish to exclude the Grant Richards books, it will be quite sufficient if you make the slight alterations in the draft agreement which I sent to you,[3] providing for the exclusion. I shall be glad to have the manuscript of the play[4] as soon as you care to send it to me, as I should like to read it, even though it be held over, as you suggest, until the publication of your novel.

967

I have received your letter of the 5th. April enclosing the signed agreement for your dramatic work, and I now have pleasure in sending counterpart signed by myself. I also send a draft agreement for your literary work,[1] in accordance with your request, and I shall be very much obliged if you will sign this also and return it to me, when I will forward counterpart signed by myself.

968

I am much obliged to you for your letter of the 16th., and it crosses a letter from me enclosing an amended agreement. In view of the fact that you wish me now to look after the future business with Grant Richards, the agreement will need some little modification, but that is only slight. I will see Mr. Richards and get his decision about the novel. Can you send me either the original or a copy of your agreement with Mr. Richards? I

assume from what you say that he published "Dubliners", and I will make enquiries about the American edition.[1] Before doing so, however, I should like to see the actual agreement, in order to know where we stand.[2]

969

Thank you for your letter of April 30, just received, with its enclosures. I send, herewith, counterpart of the contract signed by myself.

I have not yet received the copy of The Egoist for January 15th. last year, but if the editor does not send it I will try and get a copy.[1]

I am glad to have the copy of your existing agreement with Mr. Grant Richards. What a terrible document that is! I have been pressing him to let me know his decision about the novel, but so far without any success. P.S.

The copy of "The Egoist" has just arrived [postscript handwritten].

970

I have twice applied to Mr. Grant Richards for a decision regarding your novel, without success. He now telephones to say that although he does not doubt my word when I say I am acting on your behalf, he would like to have a confirmation of this from you. Perhaps you will be good enough to write to Mr. Grant Richards telling him that you have placed your affairs in my hands?[1]

971

I have just received your letter of the 7th.,[1] and I am asking Grant Richards to let me have the MS. of your novel back, so that I can send The Egoist copy.[2]

972

I received your letter of the 9th. with its enclosure.[1] Mr. Grant Richards has declined your novel, and I am not sorry, especially in view of the result of his [his handwritten] previous effort.

I cannot understand about "The Dubliners" in America, and I suggest that if you have not written to the publisher mentioned by the editor of the Smart Set,[2] I should do, so and ask him if it be true that he is publishing "The Dubliners".

973

I have your postcard of June 30th.[1] I am not sure whether you have received my letter telling you that Grant Richards declined your novel.[2] At any rate, he did decline it, and I am hoping that Martin Secker will take it up. I will, however, write to you again as soon as I have more definite news.

The play you mentioned has not arrived, but perhaps it was not sent?[3]

974

Thank you very much for your letter of the 9th.[1] There is no reason why you should not send me the verse, as I might be able to dispose of some of it to magazines.

I have not yet got a decision from Messrs. Secker about the novel. They are a little slow, but I have to be lenient with them at the moment. I hope they will take it up.

Yes, I will see Mr. Ezra Pound about the play.

Mr. H. G. Wells rang me up on the telephone the other day, asking for news of you. He had heard that you were in serious difficulty.[2] I told him that I had not heard of it, but that if there were anything he could do to help us I would certainly let him know.

975

You have already been advised, but as the posts are so uncertain I am repeating that the three acts of the play have arrived safely, and they have gone for consideration to the man[1] Mr. Ezra Pound mentioned. He is the representative of an American Syndicate, the Syndicate that is running "Peg of my Heart", so they must have money at any rate, even if they lack taste and judgment.

Secker, I am sorry to say, declined the novel. I hoped he would have taken it up with enthusiasm, but he is feeling the depression like the rest of us and publishers are not easily to be kindled to enthusiasm at the moment. The difficulties do not depress me, but I realise how trying it must be to your patience, especially at the distance you are from the centre of things. I am now negotiating with Herbert Jenkins for the novel. He is very enterprising, and works a book well, but I would have preferred the other man. If Jenkins is no good, then I shall try elsewhere, and I need not assure you that I shall do my utmost.

Grant Richards has not sent me the royalty accounts for "The Dubliners", but I am applying to him for them.

976

I am sorry to say the representative of the American Syndicate to whom I submitted your play has returned it, as she does not think it would be suitable for the American public for which they cater. She was quite enthusiastic about the play, said it was "beautifully written, and there were

some poignant scenes in it," [quotation marks handwritten] but she feared it would only appeal to a small and very special public, and she therefore had to return it reluctantly. Is there any other manager you would specially like me to show the play to? I am holding it until I hear from you.

977

I have just received the royalty statement from Grant Richards. They printed 1250 copies of which 107 copies were given away free for review and so on, and they have on hand 644. The sales were, therefore, 499 copies. You will remember that according to the contract no royalty is to be paid until 500 copies have been sold, so that taking 499 at 13 as 12 there are some 50 more copies to be sold before royalty is payable.[1]

I will get a copy of the New Age[2] and use it as you suggest. Mr. Pound has asked me to let him see the manuscript of your play so I have sent it on to him to-day.

978

I have just received your postcard of the 20th. I have not yet received the royalty-account for "The Dubliners" from Grant Richards, but you will remember that he is not bound to render this until November 30th., although of course he can sent it before this date if he likes.

I am sorry to say that Mr. Jenkins after all declined your novel, and I now have it under consideration with Messers. Duckworth.

I trust you received my letter of September 7th., giving you the figures from Grant Richards up to last December?

979

I have just received your letter of October 31st.[1] I sent you yesterday Mr. Grant Richards' royalty account for "The Dubliners", and no doubt it has reached you by this time.

I have "Exiles" in the office at the moment, and I can have a copy made and sent out to you if you wish, but the only way to do it would be to have it typewritten. If you would like this done, I will put it in hand and get it done as cheaply as possible.

I note your suggestion about the novel;[2] but do you not think it would be better for us to see what comes of the negotiations with Messrs. Duckworth before trying Mons. Conard? Frankly, I doubt if the latter would take up the book on the terms you suggest. He tells me that he is doing quite well with his Continental Library, but he is finding production extremely difficult under present conditions, and his commitments of English novels in the Continental Library monopolise, I think, his energies at the moment.

I tell you this not to crab your plan, but only because I think that it is not promising enough to justify us in abandoning the other. I am hopeful that Messrs. Duckworth will take up the work, but I have learned in these days not to be confident unless the thing is concluded.

980

I have this morning your various letters, including the one that enclosed a piece of verse. This I will deal with as promptly as possible, and let you know the result.[1]

I will have a typewritten copy made of the play, and will send it to you, act by act, by registered post, as rapidly as possible.

I note what you say about the novel, and will act accordingly.[2]

981

I am sending you under separate cover by registered post the typewritten copy of Act I of "Exiles" and I shall be glad to hear that it has reached you safely. I will send the other two acts as soon as possible.

982

I am sending you under separate cover by registered post the typewritten copy of Act II of "Exiles" and I shall be glad to hear that it has reached you safely.

983

I am sending you, by this mail, registered, the third act of "Exiles" and I shall be glad to hear that it has reached you safely.

984

I have just received your postcard of the 6th.[1] Messrs. Duckworth have declined the novel, and I am showing it to Werner Laurie. I assume you would rather have it published here than under an arrangement such as your French friend may make?[2] I will hurry the decisions as much as possible, but all publishers and indeed most of the rest of us are short of staff now, and one has to be a little indulgent.

Since writing the foregoing I have received your second card.[3] I will certainly see the editor of the Egoist, and I agree with you that it would be more satisfactory for them to publish the novel than to get it published in France.[4] I have written to Miss Weaver saying that I shall be very glad to see her and discuss the matter, and I will write to you again later.

985

I have pleasure in sending you, herewith, a draft on Zurich for seventy-four francs eighty-one centimes in payment of the amount due to you as shown by the enclosed account, and I shall be glad to hear that it has reached you safely.

                   

[Encl. 985]	London. January 19 1916
James Joyce Esq.
By	Cash from Grant Richards for serial sale of two stories				5	2	7
To	10% commission		10	3
	"New Age"			8
	Telegrams		5	.
	Typing play "The Exiles"	1	5	.
		2	.	11	2	.	11
				£	3	1	8
					======

986

I have received your two postcards of the 5th.,[1] and in reply I write to say that the verses reached me quite safely, and I am doing my best with them.

Mr. Wade, of the Stage Society, asked to see your play, and I sent it to him on the 26th.ult. He has however return [sic] it, and it is now with Miss Weaver.

Your novel is also in Miss Weaver's hands, and she is arranging with her Directors for its publication.

987

I received your letter,[1] and at once arranged the matter of the agreement with Miss Weaver, and sent the draft on to her for signature. I enclose the counterpart herewith. Miss Weaver tells me this morning that the agreement seems quite satisfactory, but she would rather not sign it until they have actually fixed up with some firm of printers. Up to the present they have not been able to get a firm of printers to set up the book, and she does not like to sign the contract until they know that they can carry it out. Miss Weaver may have written to you to explain her difficulty, but I am not sure of that.[2]

I have applied to Grant Richards for the royalty accounts, but have not yet been able to get them from him. I will get them as soon as possible and will remit the amount to you.

Your Poems are under consideration with the English Review, and Miss Weaver has your play.[3]

988

I have just received your letter of the 2nd.,[1] and I write to let you know that I am getting into relations with the editor of Drama. They seem to have no London correspondent, so I am writing direct to them, and I hope to arrange that they will take the play.[2]

The royalties on "The Dubliners" are not payable until the 31st. May, but I am trying to get from Grant Richards in the meantime a statement showing what they will amount to. I will write to Huebsch and try and arrange for him to do an edition of "The Dubliners" in the States.

989

I have your postcard of the 9th., and I have made a note of the arrangement in America for the Poems.[1]

990

Many thanks for your letter of the 20th.ult. with the signed copy of the contract. I am sending a copy of "The Dubliners" to Mr. Marshall,[1] together with some of the press-notices, and I will try and arrange that he takes up this book. In the meantime I am suspending negotiations with Mr. Huebsch.

991

I have just received your postcard of the 19th., and I reply at once by express.

The date for the publication of your novel is not yet fixed, and we cannot fix it until we hear from America. The American publisher is going to set up the book and The Egoist will, I believe, take sheets.[1] In America we shall get Ten Pounds on account of royalty, but on this side there is to be no advance paid on publication. Directly the date is settled I will advise you. Correspondence with America is slow now, as you can understand, but I will expedite matters so far as I possibly can.

I have not yet heard from the Drama about the play, but I hope to get a decision from the Stage Society in a few days about the proposed production here.

Grant Richards tells me he is very short-handed, and has not therefore been able to send me the royalty-account for "Dubliners". There is, he says, however, no royalty due to you, as the 500 copies free of royalties are not yet sold. As soon as I do get the account I will send it on to you.

The verses are now with The Nation.

992

I have just received your postcard of the 11th., and I will answer your questions in their order.

A form of contract was sent to Mr. Huebsch for your novel, but he wanted some alterations in it,[1] so that I was obliged to send him another form. I am now daily expecting to receive the amended form back from him with his signature.

The contract is between yourself and Mr. Huebsch, and as soon as I receive the signed form from him, I will send the agreement on to you for your approval and signature.

The royalties are 10% on the first 2,000 copies sold, and then 15%.

£10: is to be on account of royalties on signature of the contract.

The date of publication is to be fixed by mutual agreement.[2]

The text to be used is the copy you sent us from the Egoist.[3]

Dubliners.

Huebsch has not yet made an agreement for this book, but no doubt he will take it up eventually.

The last account received from Grant Richards showed 536/495 copies sold,[4] and according to the agreement no royalty is due until after 500 copies have been sold. The next account is due next month.

Exiles.

This is still being considered by Drama, and I will let you know as soon as I have their decision.

The Stage Society made no comment when returning the MS.

Mr. Archer[5] has not read it, neither has it been submitted to Mr. Knoblock.[6]

Verses.

These are at the moment under consideration with Colour.

993

I have just received your letter of the 24th., and I note that you wish your verses returned to you at the next opportunity.

Exiles: You will remember that I have only one copy of this, and that went to Drama. I am afraid I have no suggestions to make regarding it, except that I do not think it stands any chance of production in present circumstances.

Drama: I will certainly ascertain from this periodical if they have accepted your play.

Dubliners: I sent Huebsch a copy of the press notices for insertion in the review copies of the novel some time ago.[1]

Novel: I have no reason to think the negotiations are being held up owing to Huebsch requiring your signature before he signs himself. I have written to him asking him to let me have the agreement back signed, but without result, and I can only conclude that his business is carried on in a very dilatory fashion.

994

I have just heard from the editor of Drama to say that he cannot after all accept "Exiles" for publication in his periodical. I am very sorry about this, as I quite hoped he would publish it. I am writing out to America, and am asking for the MS. to be returned to me as soon as possible.

995

The Editor of Drama has just returned to me the MS. of "Exiles", and in accordance with your request, I am sending it to you, under separate cover, registered. I shall be glad to hear that it has reached you safely.

996

I have just received the MS. of your poems from the editor with whom they were under consideration and in accordance with your request, I am returning them to you, herewith. I shall be glad to hear that they have reached you safely.

997

I have your letter of the 11th., acknowledging the receipt of the verses and the play.

I will apply to Mr. Grant Richards for the accounts due on November 30th., but I expect there will be some delay about getting these, as every office is now so short-handed.

Huebsch has not yet sent me the signed contract for your novel, nor have I received the advance of £10:. I have written to remind him of this, but he has not replied. Directly I do receive the money I will remit to you. I note that you wish to have a copy of the American edition, and I will give him the list of names, together with the slips,[1] to whom you wish presentation copies sent.

I do not quite understand your reference to "Chamber Music". You are, I think, mistaken in thinking I have handled this MS. for you. This is the first time you have mentioned it to me.

998

Mr. Huebsch has now signed the contract for the publication of "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man", and I have pleasure in sending you, herewith, the counterpart for your signature. Will you kindly let me have it back as soon as possible? I also enclose a cheque for £8: 16s: being the amount due to you as shown by the enclosed account.

             

[Encl. 998]	London. January 5 1917
James Joyce Esq.
br By	Cash received from B.W. Huebsch % roys. "Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man"				10	.	.
Dr. To	10% commission	1	.	.
	Cablegram to Huebsch		4	.	1	4	.
				£	8	16	.
					======

999

I have just received your letter of the 30th.January with its enclosures, which I am sending off at once to Miss Monroe, and telling her she can if she wishes purchase the exclusive serial rights.[1]

I will send you as soon as possible a copy of the Little Review for 1917[2]

Grant Richards has not yet sent in the royalty accounts. Owing to the war everyone is so short-handed over here that all royalty accounts are late in coming in. I will, however, let you know the moment I receive those for "The Dubliners".

Huesbsch [sic] has sent only two copies so far of your novel, but no doubt the others will come by the next mail. I am posting these two to you today.

1000

I have pleasure in sending you, herewith, a draft on Zurich for the equivalent of £22: 10s: (Frs.536.60) in payment of the advance on account of royalties on the English edition of "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man", less commission. I shall be glad to hear that the draft has reached you safely.

1001

I have just received your letter with its enclosure. I will fill in the form but I think it should include all the books you have published, whether in America or in this country alone. I have completed the form and sent it to Washington.

I will tell the New York publisher what you say. I am very glad to hear that you are better, but I suppose you are not yet able to work.[1] You saw, I expect, the review by Wells in the Nation.[2] If you have not seen it I will send you a copy. I am getting various other people interested in the novel, and I hope we shall finally produce an effect this way. It is selling steadily/and [and interlin.] now that it has been published Grant Richards, as you may imagine, is fussing around reminding us of the terms of the contract. He is, however, as little mindful as ever of his own obligations, as I have only just been able to get the royalty statement for "The Dubliners" from him. I enclose this, herewith, and I am today sending you a money order for the amount due to you, and I shall be glad to hear that it has reached you safely. Will you, please, let me have the royalty statement back when you have finished with it?

1002

Can you let me have back as soon as possible the MS. of your play "Exiles"? The Stage Society had it and declined it, but they are now willing to reconsider it.[1]

1003

I received your letter of April 22nd.,[1] and the MS. of the play has arrived safely. I am submitting it to Grant Richards with a view to publication, and I will let you know the result, bearing in mind your wishes as to date and so on.

1004

I have just received your postcard of the 6th., and I am today sending the MS. of Mr. Joyce's corrections in "Dubliners" and "The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" to Mr. Huebsch, and asking him to deliver them to Mr. John Quinn,[1] of 31, Nassau Street, New York, in accordance with Mr. Joyce's instructions.

1005

I have heard from Huebsch acknowledging the corrections for the novel and for "The Dubliners". He tells me that these corrections came too late for them to be of immediate use. A second printing of the novel was already on the press, and he had just finished an edition of "Dubliners" identical with the London edition. He is retaining the corrections for future use.[1] He will send you a copy of "Dubliners", but he has not yet issued your verses.

1006

I have just had a note from Mr. Grant Richards to say that he will publish your play under his agreement for "Dubliners". However was it that you signed such a disastrous agreement![1]

1007

I have just received your postcard of the 8th. I am glad you have written to Mr. Richards, for he needs all the pressure we can bring to bear. I have not yet been able to get him to settle the details of the contract. I drafted a contract and sent it to him; but he does not like my draft, and said that he thought the contract should be simply a copy of the other. I do not think this a reasonable view, and it would not meet your wishes on various points, including the American side. He asked me to let him draft an alternative contract and submit it to me, I have been waiting for this and have not yet received it from him, in spite of repeated reminders. You know how difficult he is to pin down. If I call he is never there, and it is the same thing if one tries to get him on the telephone. One is therefore reduced to writing.

I will find out when Mr. Grein[1] returns, and send him a copy of the play. I have relations with the Pioneer Players and with the Manchester Repertory Theatre, but the latter is closed now, as Miss Horniman[2] does not apparently find it possible to keep it going in War time.

I will certainly take back [handwritten above del. take] up your appeal to Mr. Richards about dates.

I have heard from the editor of Poetry to say that they hope to use your poems in their September or October numbers. They would have liked to pay in advance she says, but at the moment Poetry is too poor to be able to do this.

I have not yet received the royalty accounts from Huebsch.

1008

The Egoist have sent me a cheque for £7. 2. 6.. being royalties on 95 copies of your novel sold from July 1st. to September 30th. I enclose a remittance for the amount, less commission, and shall be glad to know that it has reached you safely.

The first edition of the the [folls. del. the] book is now almost sold out, but the second edition is in hand, and although it was delayed, by the printer at the last moment refusing to proceed without deletions, they have now found another printer, and we shall get the new edition out at by [handwritten above del. at] the end of the year.[1]

1009

I have just received your postcard of the 19th., and I have told Mr. Huebsch that you approve of the arrangement for the publication of your play "Exiles".[1] I will let you have an express letter as soon as the play is published, in accordance with your instructions.

1010

I am very sorry indeed to have this morning your letter of the 9th. with its bad account of your health.[1] I will tell the American publisher to make the corrections, and I am telling Mr. Grant Richards of them also.[2]

There was no advance payable on publication either here or in America.

Will you send the copy of "Ulysses" so that I can arrange on the lines you suggest.[3] I will send copies of "Exiles" to the Pioneer Players and Miss Horniman, in accordance with your instructions.

I will send your message to the American publisher. He did not publish Mr. Lawrence's novel "The Rainbow", though he has not yet abandoned the idea.[4]

1011

Thank you for your postcard. In accordance with your request, I am sending you, herewith, the contract with Grant Richards for "Exiles" and I shall be glad to hear that it has reached you safely. I have not yet received any royalties from New York nor has Mr. Grant Richards yet rendered his account. I am applying to him for it.

1012

I have just received from Mr. Elkin Matthews [sic] the enclosed account relating to the sales of "Chamber Music" and I shall be glad if you will kindly return it to me when you have finished with it. Mr. Elkin Matthews tells me that this is the third time a statement has been rendered so that I presume the other [sic] have been lost in the post. He also says that about two years ago he had the book set up in type again and had another small edition printed off[1] but owing to the cost of rent of type he has given instructions to have it moulded.

1013

Thank you for your letter with the signed agreement. I hope you have received my cheque by this time.

I am sending a copy of "Exiles" to the Skandinadisk Theater Bureau,[1] but you will not forget, will you, that the translation rights in this book are included in your contract with Mr. Grant Richards?

         

1014	June 3, 1920, London, James Joyce Esq.,
By	Cash received for the Spanish Translation Rights of "Portrait of the Artist"		15	.	.
To	10% Commission		1	10	.
		£	13	10	.	1
			======

1015

I sent out to Mr. Huebsch a contract for "Ulysses" drafted on the same lines as that for "A Portrait of the Artist" but I have received a letter from him this morning asking what provision is being made for submitting copy of the complete manuscript of the book to him before the agreement is signed.[1] He also complains that his rights are limited to the U.S.A. but I will explain to him that he cannot have Canada as that is included in the English contract. Perhaps you will let me hear from you on the question of sending Mr. Huebsch the manuscript of the book? If it is to be published in America this autmn [sic] it should go out at once, even then it will be doubtful whether it can be brought out before the spring.

Notes