BIBLIOGRAPHY
N. Rescher, Distributive Justice (Indianapolis, 1966), has
a comprehensive bibliography. The classical texts of hedo-
nistic utilitarianism are: J. Bentham, Introduction to the
Principles of Morals and Legislation (London, 1780); J. S.
Mill, Utilitarianism (London, 1863); and H. Sidgwick, The
Methods of Ethics (London, 1874; 7th ed., 1907). The chief
works of the eighteenth-century forerunners of utilitarian-
ism are: F. Hutcheson, Inquiry into the Original of our Ideas
of Beauty and Virtue (London, 1725); idem, Essay on the
Nature and Conduct of the Passions, and Illustrations upon
the Moral Sense (London, 1728); idem, System of Moral
Philosophy (London, 1755); J. Brown, Essays on the Charac-
teristics (London, 1751); C.-A. Helvétius, De l'esprit (Paris,
1758); A. Tucker, The Light of Nature Pursued (London,
1768-77); W. Paley, Principles of Moral and Political Philos-
ophy (London, 1785); W. Godwin, Enquiry concerning Po-
litical Justice (London, 1793). For ideal utilitarianism the
main sources are G. E. Moore, Principia ethica (London,
1903); idem, Ethics (London, 1912); and H. Rashdall, Theory
of Good and Evil (London, 1907). Apart from G. Berkeley,
Passive Obedience (London, 1712), rule utilitarianism is
developed mainly in articles by R. F. Harrod, J. Harrison,
J. Rawls, R. B. Brandt, and others. There is a bibliography
and a critique in D. Lyons, Forms and Limits of Utilitarian-
ism (Oxford, 1967). General historical accounts of utilitar-
ianism are: L. Stephen, The English Utilitarians (London,
1900); E. Albee, A History of English Utilitarianism
(London, 1901); É. Halévy, Growth of Philosophical
Radicalism (London, 1928); J. Plamenatz, The English
Utilitarians (Oxford, 1949).
D. H. MONRO
[See also Equality; God;
Happiness and Pleasure; Justice;
Law, Natural;
Pragmatism; Right and Good.]
