BIBLIOGRAPHY
George J. Becker, ed., Documents of Literary Realism
(Princeton, 1963), an anthology. E. B. O. Borgerhoff,
“Réalisme and Kindred Words: Their Use as a Term of
Literary Criticism in the First Half of the Nineteenth Cen-
tury,” in PMLA, 53 (1938), 837-43. Emile Bouvier, La
bataille réaliste (1844-1857) (Paris, 1914). F. W. J.
Hemmings, “The Origin of the Terms Naturalisme, Natural-
iste,” in French Studies, 8 (1954), 109-21. Harry Levin, ed.,
“A Symposium on Realism,” in Comparative Literature, 3
(1951), 193-285; idem, The Gates of Horn. A Study of Five
French Realists (New York, 1963), contains much on the
history of the concept. Richard Stang, The Theory of the
Novel in England, 1850-1870 (London, 1959). Bernard
Weinberg, French Realism: The Critical Reaction, 1830-1870
(New York, 1937). René Wellek, “The Concept of Realism
in Literary Scholarship,” in Concepts of Criticism (New
Haven, 1963), pp. 222-55, appeared in Neophilologus, 44
(1960), 1-20.
RENÉ WELLEK
[See also
Existentialism; Historicism; Impressionism;
Marx-
ism; Naturalism in Art; Socialism.]
