BIBLIOGRAPHY
A convenient collection of extracts from ancient to recent
times, though least adequate on French writers, is provided
by G. L. Abernethy, The Idea of Equality: An Anthology
(Richmond, Va., 1959). For an analytic treatment of ideas
since the sixteenth century see S. A. Lakoff, Equality in
Political Philosophy (Cambridge, Mass., 1964). Also: R. H.
Tawney, Equality (London, 1929, and later eds.); D. Thom-
son, Equality (Cambridge, 1949); L. Bryson et al., eds.,
Human Equality: Fifteenth Symposium of the Conference
on Science, Philosophy and Religion (New York, 1956), in-
cluding nineteen papers on a wide array of topics; S. I. Benn,
“Equality, Moral and Social,” Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(New York, 1967), III, 38-41, a compact analysis, with
bibliography.
For selected histories bearing on certain periods see
G. P. Gooch, English Democratic Ideas in the Seventeenth
Century, 2nd ed. (London, 1927); R. R. Palmer, The Age
of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe
and America, 1760-1800, 2 vols. (Princeton, 1959; 1964);
B. Bailyn, Ideological Origins of the American Revolution
(Cambridge, Mass., 1967). Of serious import is the satirical
utopia, presented as history, by M. Young, The Rise of the
Meritocracy, 1870-2033: An Essay on Education and Equal-
ity (London, 1958; later eds.).
Documentary sources mentioned above may be consulted
in Abernethy; in M. Luther, Three Treatises (Philadelphia,
1960); C. E. Vaughan, ed., Political Writings of J. J. Rous-
seau, 2 vols. (Cambridge, 1915); M. de Condorcet, Sketch
for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind
(New York, 1955); C. Mazauric, Babeuf: Textes choisis (Paris,
1965). A. de Tocqueville,
De la démocratie en Amérique
(Paris, 1835); trans. as
Democracy in America, (various
reprints), is in effect a treatise on equality.
R. R. PALMER
[See also Anarchism; Democracy;
Enlightenment; Equity;
General Will; Hierarchy; Individualism; Justice;
Marxism;
Nature; Perfectibility; Property; Reformation; Religious
Toleration; Revolution; Social Contract; Socialism; State;
Stoicism; Utilitarianism.]
