BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bibliographical Works. J. A. Trinius, Freidenkers
Lexicon
(Leipzig and Bernburg, 1759); many attributions are
wrong
but Trinius' work is useful as a guide not only to European
deists but to the freethinking background from which they
stemmed. U.
G. Thorschmidt, Versuch einer
Vollständigen
Engelländischen
Freydenker-Bibliothek, 3 vols. (Halle,
1765-66). N. R.
Burr, A Critical Bibliography of Religion
in
America (Princeton, 1961), Parts I and II, pp. 184-237.
General Works Bearing on the History of Deism Con-
taining Bibliographical Information. D. C. Allen, Doubt's
Boundless Sea (Baltimore, 1964). H.
Busson, Les Sources et
le développement du
rationalisme dans la littérature
française de la
Renaissance, rev. ed. (Paris, 1957). 
E 
. Cas-
sirer, Die Philosophie der
Aufklärung (Tübingen, 1932),
trans. as
The Philosophy of the Enlightenment
(Princeton,
1951). J.-R. Charbonnel, La
Pensée italienne au XVIe siècle
et le courant
libertin (Paris, 1919). P. Gay, The Enlighten-
ment: An
Interpretation (New York, 1966); contains a useful
bibliographical
essay. P. Hazard, La Crise de la conscience
européenne (Paris, 1935), trans. as The European Mind
1680-1715 (Cleveland, 1963); idem, La Pensée européenne
au XVIIIe
siècle (Paris, 1946), European
Thought in the
Eighteenth Century (New Haven, 1954). A. O.
Lovejoy, “The
Parallel of Deism and Classicism,”
Modern Philology,
29
(1932), 281-99, reprinted in idem, Essays in the History of
Ideas (Baltimore,
1948). R. Pintard, Le Libertinage érudit
dans la première moitié du XVIIe
siècle (Paris, 1943). R.
Popkin, The History of Scepticism from Erasmus to Des-
cartes, Part I (Assen, 1960). T. S. Spink,
French Free Thought
from Gassendi to
Voltaire (Bristol, 1960). L. Stephen, History
of
English Thought in the Eighteenth Century, 3rd ed.
(London,
1902). R. N. Stromberg, Religious Liberalism in
Eighteenth Century England (Oxford, 1954).
Studies of Deism and Deists. R. F. Birn, “Pierre Rousseau
and
the philosophes of Bouillon,” Studies on Voltaire and
the Eighteenth Century,
29 (1964), 170-79; a summary of
the views of a typical deist, 1756-93. F. Brie,
“Deismus
und Atheismus in der Englishen
Renaissance,” Anglia Zei-
tung,
48 (1924), 54-98, 105-68. R. L. Colie,
“Spinoza and
the Early English Deists,” Journal of the History of Ideas,
20 (1959), 23-46. G. Gawlick, “Cicero and
the Enlighten-
ment,” Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century,
25
(1963), 657-79; idem, Moralität und Offenbarungsglaube:
Studien zum englischen
Deismus (Stuttgart, 1965). F. H.
Heineman,
“John Toland and the Age of Reason,” Archiv
für Philosophie,
4 (1950), 33-66. G. V. Lechler, Geschichte
des Englischen Deismus (Tübingen,
1841). D. R. McKee,
“Isaac de la Peyrère, A
Precursor of Eighteenth Century
Critical Deists,” PMLA,
59 (1944), 456-85. H. M. Morais,
Deism in Eighteenth Century America (New York,
1934).
G. L. Mosse, “Puritan Radicalism and the Enlightenment,”
Church History,
29 (1960), 33-66. E . C. Mossner, “Deism,”
Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 8 vols. (New York and
London,
1967), II, 326-36.
ROGER L. EMERSON
[See also
Agnosticism; Enlightenment;
God; Nature;
Reli-
gion.]
