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Dictionary of the History of Ideas

Studies of Selected Pivotal Ideas
2 occurrences of Ancients and Moderns in the Eighteenth Century
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2 occurrences of Ancients and Moderns in the Eighteenth Century
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BIBLIOGRAPHY

The recent works of Émile Poulat locate the modernist
crisis in a sociopolitical context. His edition of the memoir
of Albert Houtin and Felix Sartiaux, Alfred Loisy, sa vie,
son oeuvre
(Paris, 1960), contains an indispensable bio-
bibliographical index of all major figures in the controversy;
his Histoire, dogme et critique dans la crise moderniste (Paris,
1962) relates the periodical literature to the major works
of Loisy and Harnack, discusses manuscript sources, and
offers a comprehensive bibliography for the French and
English aspects of the crisis; finally, his Introduction to
Intégrisme et catholicisme intégral (Paris, 1969) assesses the
antimodernist campaign, as does his article “'Modernisme'
et 'Intégrisme'; du concept polémique à l'irénisme critique,”
Archives de Sociologie Religieuse, No. 27 (Jan.-June 1969).
Other studies are evaluated by Roger Aubert, “Recent
Literature on the Modernist Movement,” Historical Investi-
gations, Concilium,
Vol. 17 (New York, 1966). For Italian
modernism, Pietro Scoppola's Crisi modernista e rin-
novamento cattolico in Italia
(Bologna, 1961) is important.
Alec Vidler, whose The Modernist Movement in the Roman
Catholic Church
(Cambridge, 1934) was the first study sym-
pathetic to Loisy and Tyrrell to appear in English, writes
about a few major and several minor French and English
participants in A Variety of Catholic Modernists (Cambridge,
1970). The impact of modernism within the Anglican
Communion is examined in H. D. A. Major, English
Modernism
(1927), W. M. Pryke, Modernism as a Working
Faith
(London, 1926), while the inter-war tendency to
globalize the conflict of tradition and modernity in religion
is clear in Victor Branford, Living Religion (London, 1924).
For American echoes, see John Ratté, Three Modernists
(New York and London, 1967). Thomas F. O'Dea's The
Catholic Crisis
(New York, 1968) is one of the many post-
conciliar liberal attempts to reassess the crisis in the light
of subsequent history; a useful collection of revisionist essays
appeared in Continuum, 3 No. 2 (1965). Jacques Maritain


427

takes a more traditional view in Le paysan de la Garonne
(Paris, 1967).

Central sources for study of modernist ideas are the papal
documents translated in Paul Sabatier's Modernism (New
York, 1908); the works of Alfred Loisy, most notably
L'Évangile et l'église (Paris, 1903; Eng. trans. New York,
1912), Autour d'un petit livre (Paris, 1903), Mémoires pour
serv̄ir à l'histoire religieuse de notre temps,
3 vols. (Paris,
1930-31); Maurice Blondel, L'Action (Paris, 1893), idem, The
Letter on Apologetics and History and Dogma
(London,
1964), idem (with Laberthonnière), Correspondance philo-
sophique
(Paris, 1961); L. Laberthonnière, Essais de philo-
sophie religieuse
(Paris, 1903); Édouard Le Roy, Dogme et
critique
(Paris, 1907; partial Eng. trans. New York, 1918);
René Marlé, ed., Au coeur de la crise moderniste (Paris,
1960), a collection of letters by Blondel, Loisy, von Hügel,
and others; Baron Friedrich von Hügel, Selected Letters,
1896-1924
(London, 1928); George Tyrrell, Through Scylla
and Charybdis
(1907), idem, Christianity at the Crossroads
(London, 1908; New York, 1966), and George Tyrrell and
Maud Petre, Autobiography and Life of George Tyrrell, 2
vols. (London, 1912).

Histories of the movement and the crisis which them-
selves form part of the explosion of ideas include Jean
Rivière's article on modernism in the Dictionnaire de
théologie catholique,
Vol. X, Part 2, cols. 2010-47, his book,
Le Modernisme dans l'église (Paris, 1929), the article on
modernism in the Dictionnaire apologétique de la foi
catholique,
III, col. 592-637, and the classic pro-modernist
accounts of Albert Houtin, Histoire du modernisme
catholique
(Paris, 1913) and Maud Petre, Modernism, Its
Failures and Its Fruits
(London, 1918).

JOHN RATTÉ

[See also Agnosticism; Church as Institution; God; Myth
in Biblical Times; Reformation.]