University of Virginia Library

CHAPEL HILL

Manuscripts Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Manuscripts Department
CB #3926, Wilson Library
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill NC 27514-8890

Phone: (919) 942-1345

Fax: (919) 962-4452

E-mail: MSS@email.unc.edu

Hours: Monday-Friday, 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m., Saturday, 9:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m.

Services: photocopying available

INTRODUCTION

The Manuscripts Department of the Academic Affairs Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has a long tradition for documenting the history and culture of the American South. Because African Americans have played an integral and leading role in forming that history, records relevant to African-American life and culture constitute a prominent portion of the department's holdings of nearly 14.5 million items.

The majority of the collections documented in this guide are plantation records from the antebellum, Civil War, and Reconstruction period. Entries for these collections discuss topics such as slaves as plantation labor, and later, the hiring of freedmen. There are also several twentieth-century collections described that cover topics such as desegregation, bussing, race relations, and civil rights.

The entries are arranged alphabetically by collection name. Listed after the collection name is the collection number and the date span of the entire collection. The entries describe only the portion of the collection pertaining to African Americans, with complete summary records for collections available through the library's online catalog. The full texts of selected unclib
inventories (i.e., folder and box lists) are present on the library's INTERNET server.

This guide would not be possible without the hard work of a number of staff, both past and present. We are especially grateful to our compilers. The project was first started by Katrin Hardikar, an NC State University intern. The bulk of the work was done by Lauren Kerr, a UNC-CH graduate student. Enola Guthrie also assisted with the data entry.

JAMES LUSK ALCORN PAPERS, #5, 1850-1880

Chiefly letters written by Alcorn, brigadier general of Mississippi state forces, Republican governor, and U.S. senator, to his wife. Letters discuss Union soldiers freeing slaves (1862); Alcorn's relations with slaves and freed blacks (1862-1864); the marriage of Northern white women to blacks (1865); and the status of free blacks in the South (1865). The collection also contains two plantation inventories and Alcorn's diary, which contain slave records (1855-1865).

ALEXANDER AND HILLHOUSE FAMILY PAPERS, #11, 1758-1976

Correspondence and estate and family records of the families of Adam Leopold Alexander, a Scottish planter who emigrated to Georgia, and of David Hillhouse, a Connecticut native living in Georgia. Alexander's correspondence discusses his relationships with free blacks and suggests he maintained close ties with former slaves after Emancipation (subseries 1.1). Microfilm available.

GEORGE WASHINGTON ALLEN PAPERS, #2711, 1832-1932

Predominantly correspondence between George Washington Allen, planter of Opelika and Lafayette, Alabama, and Alexander A. Allen, planter and lawyer of Bainbridge and Lexington, Georgia. Topics include the management of slaves (1832-1865); the murder of an Alexander relative in Alabama by a slave (1849); and former slaves renting houses in Tuskegee in order to qualify for the vote (1868). Microfilm available.

JAMES AND CHARLES B. ALLEN PAPERS, #1697-z, 1788-1796; 1856-1869

Papers of the family of Colonel James Allen of Warren, Mississippi, Provost Marshal of Freedmen. Includes a notebook containing records of accounts with "Indians and Negroes" (1788-1796). Microfilm available.

JOHN MEBANE ALLEN PAPERS, #4118, 1852-1889

Letters to Allen of Arkansas from friends and relatives in Alamance County, North Carolina, including some letters relating to the hiring and sale of slaves. Included is a letter to "Aunt Jenny," a slave owned by Allen, which discusses important events in the lives of related slaves still living in North Carolina (1856). Typed transcript only; location of originals unknown.

YOUNG ALLEN PAPERS, #4411, 1783-1927

Correspondence, deeds, estate records, and other financial and legal items of Allen, farmer and slave owner in Wake County, North Carolina, and of members of his family. Legal and financial items include records of slave sales. The collection also includes a bawdy poem about a white parson and a black woman (before 1865).

WILLIAM RUTHRAUFF AMBERSON PAPERS, #3862, 1919-1968; 1971

Correspondence and other papers of Amberson, native of Pennsylvania, while he was a professor at the University of Tennessee Medical School at Memphis, advisor to the Southern Tenant Farmers Union, and trustee of the Delta and Providence Cooperative Farms in Mississippi. Discussions at times relate to race relations.

JESSIE DANIEL AMES PAPERS, #3686, 1920-1963

Correspondence, speeches, reports, clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and other materials of Ames of Texas, Georgia, and North Carolina. Papers concern Ames's work in the Texas Interracial Commission, the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, and the Association of Southern Women Against Lynching. Included are case histories of individual lynchings investigated by the ASWAL (mostly 1933); notes on the Federal Anti-Lynching Bill (1934-1937); and letters pertaining both to race relations (1944-1946) and to a training school for delinquent African-American girls (1929).

EDWARD CLIFFORD ANDERSON PAPERS, #3602, 1813-1882

Family letters and assorted volumes of Anderson, U.S. Navy officer, Confederate officer, planter, politician, and businessman of Savannah, Georgia. Correspondence covers various topics including black Union soldiers (1863) and African Americans living in Savannah (1868). Manuscript volumes include slave papers which document slave births and deaths (1817-1866) and blankets and shoes distributed to slaves (1853-1866). Anderson's diary mentions conferences to establish an African-American hospital (1870), a riot connected with segregation on street cars, African-American education in Savannah, and national race relations (1872). Microfilm available.

EDWIN ALEXANDER ANDERSON PAPERS, #3387, 1878-1939

Personal correspondence, chiefly 1883-1903, of Anderson of Wilmington, North Carolina, an admiral in the U.S. Navy. Letters pertaining to a visit to Liberia describe his meeting with slave- owning Africans and with former American slaves (1886) and discuss the native populace and religious customs of inhabitants of the Gabon River and Congo River Basin areas (1887). Note: Portions of Anderson's papers are also available at Duke University.

ZOE LEE HUNTER ANDERSON PAPERS, #2385, 1804; 1819; 1835

Miscellaneous papers belonging to Anderson of South Carolina, including records of the division of an estate and the sale of its slaves.

ALEXANDER BOYD ANDREWS PAPERS, #2412, 1678-1946

Largely correspondence of Andrews, a Raleigh, North Carolina, lawyer active in legal, civic, religious, and educational groups. The collection contains letters pertaining to Andrews's interest in legal education, adult illiteracy, and the training of African-American teachers in North Carolina. Included are a letter concerning Andrews's article "Negro Congregations and Communicants" (1939) and a letter from Andrews to Clifford P. Morehouse of The Living Church recording African-American church statistics (1943).

IKE FRANKLIN ANDREWS PAPERS, #4404, 1969-1984

Primarily correspondence relating to the congressional career of Andrews, a Democrat representing North Carolina's 4th Congressional District from 1972-1984. The collection contains correspondence on bussing and civil rights.

STARK ARMISTEAD PAPERS, #1210-z, 1716-1832

Two letters and forty-six deeds, plats, and legal papers of the Armistead family of Windsor and Plymouth, North Carolina. The bulk of the collection relates to Armistead's purchases of property and slaves in Bertie, Washington, and Chowan Counties, North Caroling.

ARNOLD AND SCREVAN FAMILY PAPERS, #3419, 1762-1903

Papers of members of the Arnold family of Providence, Rhode Island, and Bayou County, Georgia, and of the Screvan family of Savannah, Georgia. The collection contains business and family correspondence, financial and legal writings, farm journals, and genealogical information. Papers include instructions on the management of slaves in Georgia. (1832-1861), medical bills for treatment of slaves (1762-1826), and slave lists (1811-1869). Also documented are family disputes over the ownership of 60 slaves (1833?); Northern attitudes toward slavery (1849); attempts to stop the flow of runaway slaves behind Union lines (1862); and relations with free black Union soldiers (1864). Microfilm available.

ARCHIBALD HUNTER ARRINGTON PAPERS, #3240, 1744-1909

Chiefly business and agricultural papers of Arrington, planter of Nash County, North Carolina, and Democratic member of the 27th and 28th U.S. Congresses (1841-1845) as well as of the first Confederate Congress (1861). Plantation records contain slave lists, slave bills of sale, hiring agreements, and birth dates; records of provisions given to, and contracts made with, freedmen (1866-1895); and overseer contracts (1789-1909). Materials relating to Arrington's political career include notes on laws regulating the oversight of slaves (1841-1845). Microfilm available.

JOHN DURANT ASHMORE, #2343-z, 1853-1859

The plantation journal of Ashmore, planter of Sumter and Anderson districts, South Carolina, member of the South Carolina House of Representatives, and Democratic congressman. Some entries mention individual laborers, presumably slaves, by name, although most describe groups of workers as "hands." Microfilm available.

E. S. ASKEW LETTER, #2881-z, 1951

An open letter from Askew of Windsor, North Carolina, addressed to Fred M. Vinson, Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, explaining to him the master race theory and the danger he considers inherent to the amalgamation of races in the United States.

AVERY FAMILY PAPERS, #3289, 1796-1951.

Correspondence and financial and legal records of the Avery and Marsh families of Petite Anse Island Plantation (later Avery Island) near New Iberia in Iberia Parish, Louisiana, and of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Included are slave bills of sale, some of which include a form, signed by the slave, agreeing to move to Louisiana (1817-1827, 1836-1843); bills for the medical treatment of slaves; records of a jail fee paid for a runaway slave; and a document freeing mulatto slaves (1856). Correspondence covers various topics including runaway slaves (1814, 1846-1847); the desertion by former slaves of plantations (1863); supplies and work contracts for former slaves (1866); and African-American voting (1866-67, 1890). The collection also contains a ledger recording anecdotes about family servants before and after slavery. Microfilm available.

BACOT FAMILY PAPERS, #916-z, 1767-1887

Correspondence, financial and legal papers, and other items of the Bacot family, cotton planters of the Mars Bluff Plantation near Florence in Darlington District, South Carolina, and partners in the Jarrot and Bacot Drug Store in Florence, South Carolina. Materials relate chiefly to plantation management. Included are slave lists (1853); documents relating to freedmen working at Mars Bluff (1866, 1867); and a medical services contract between freedmen and a local physician (1866-1867). Microfilm available.

JAMES B. BAILEY PAPERS, #38, 1847-1885

Personal correspondence, financial and legal papers, and other materials of Bailey, county treasurer and Superintendent of Labor for the Engineers Department of Eastern District Florida. The collection contains a list of slaves assigned to the Engineer's Department of Eastern District Florida (n.d.). Microfilm available.

JOHN LANCASTER BAILEY PAPERS, #39, 1785-1874

Primarily family correspondence and papers of Bailey of Pasquotank County, Hillsborough, and Asheville, North Carolina, superior court judge, 1837-1863. The collection contains deeds of gift and sale of slaves in the 1840s and 1850s; papers concerning lands and slaves (1821-1829); and a letter describing Northern attitudes toward slavery and abolitionists (1860).

DANIEL HOARD BALDWIN LETTERS, #4128, 1859-1869

Analytical letters from D. H. Baldwin, merchant of Savannah, Georgia, and New York City, to William Baldwin of Massachusetts. A group of letters written from 1860 to 1861 discuss the secession crisis; the role of slavery and the Republican party in precipitating the crisis; the South's determination to achieve independence; and Baldwin's own opinions on the South. Later letters (1867-1869) analyze Reconstruction and race relations, and include a proposal by Baldwin to import laborers from Africa for Southern planters.

GEORGE J. BALDWIN PAPERS, #850, 1856-1927

Collection documents segregation in Georgia streetcars, 1903-1908.

JOHN BALL AND KEATING SIMMONS BALL BOOKS, #1811, 1779-1911

Records of Comingtee, a Cooper River, South Carolina, plantation in Charleston District (later Berkeley County), and of other rice plantations of the Ball family, including Stoke, Kensington, and Bridway. Volumes contain slave records listing supplies issued, births and deaths, names, and other data (1780-1833, 1836). Microfilm available.

WILLIAM J. BALL PAPERS, #1820, 1804-1890

Records of three generations of the Ball family and a group of Cooper River plantations, Charleston District (later Berkeley County) South Carolina. Included are records of slave births, the names of slave mothers, and slave deaths (1808-1835, 1838-1879); an account of blankets and cloth distributed to slaves (1821-1833, 1840-1860); and a hog killing record that details the distribution of meat to slaves (1819-1834). Microfilm only.

EVERARD GREEN BAKER DIARIES, #41-z, 1848-1876

Personal diaries and plantation journal of Baker of Jefferson, Panola, and Hinds Counties, Mississippi, containing references to farming, household matters, philosophical ideas, recipes, and rules for plantation living. Diaries record events in the lives of Baker's slaves, including illnesses, holidays, and an attack on an overseer (26 May 1854). In 1865, Baker writes about emancipation and his efforts to hire free blacks as plantation workers, and mentions his attendance at a "Negro preaching and ordination" in 1867. Microfilm available.

GEORGE SCARBOROUGH BARNSLEY PAPERS, #1521, 1837-1918

Barnsley, of Woodlands Plantation, Cass County, Georgia, and Sao Paulo, Brazil, was a Confederate soldier, hospital steward, medical student, and assistant surgeon in the 8th Georgia Regiment, who emigrated to Brazil after the Civil War. The collection contains correspondence, reminiscences, scrapbooks, printed pamphlets, and other material . Included are a letter mentioning Barnsley's plan to teach the slaves on Woodlands Plantation, Georgia, how to read (1854) and a plantation journal listing family slaves and hired slaves (1859-1861). Microfilm available.

DANIEL MOREAU BARRINGER PAPERS, #3359, 1797-1873

Family, business, and political papers of Barringer of Cabarrus County and Raleigh, North Carolina, UNC student, lawyer, legislator, U.S. representative, minister to Spain, and Democratic Party member and chairman. Correspondence discusses the execution of slaves accused of killing a white woman (1828); the buying of slaves (1849; 1863); a "Negro convention" at which a former Barringer slave was a secretary (1865); conditions of Southern freedmen (1865, 1867); a "Negro procession" and meeting in Lexington, North Carolina (1869); and requests for aid for two brothers convicted of illegal activities associated with the Ku Klux Klan (1871). References to the purchase of slaves express attempts to keep slave families intact.

DAVID CRENSHAW BARROW PAPERS, #1251, 1834-1893

Correspondence and other papers of Barrow and members of his family of Lexington, Georgia. The collection includes slave bills of sale and a receipt from a jailor for a runaway slave (1850). Correspondence, generally relating to Barrow's plantations in various parts of Georgia, discusses preaching to slaves (1859); slave insurrections and runaways (1860-1865); promises made to slaves concerning the percentage of crops they would receive; efforts to keep slaves out of Sherman's path (1865); attempts to raise slave troops and an advisement against the use of slave soldiers in the Confederacy (1865); an agreement with "Tillman, a freedman" for labor (1865); and voting (1872).

ROBERT RUFFIN BARROW PAPERS, #2407, 1811-1858

This collection includes the original and a typed transcription of the plantation journal, 1857-1858, of Barrow, sugar planter and canal operator in Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana. The journal documents the relationship between plantation owner and overseer, and between overseers, field slaves, and slave drivers. It also contains slave lists, accounts of resistance and punishments, and tasks assigned slaves, and includes information on slave births, deaths, and illnesses as well as items distributed to slaves and runaways. Microfilm available.

MARY E. BATEMAN DIARY, #47, 1856

The diary of Bateman of Argyle Plantation near Greenville, Washington County, Mississippi. Entries occasionally refer to slaves and overseers. Microfilm available.

ALFRED BATRÉ LETTERS, #49-z, 1805

Letters to Mrs. J. J. Walker in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, from Batré in Mobile, Ala., containing news of slaves.

BATTLE FAMILY PAPERS, #3223, 1765-1955

An extensive collection of business and personal papers and correspondence of the Battle family, whose members were intimately involved in North Carolina politics, the Episcopal Church, and the University of North Carolina. Letters contain references to the drowning of a young slave (1847); fear of a slave insurrection in Raleigh (1847); the annual hiring of slaves (1855, 1856, 1863); illnesses among slaves (1855-1856); a young slave's attempt to poison her slaveholders (1861); reparation requested for the death of a slave hired out to the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad (1864); an account of the trial and conviction of slaves who robbed a smokehouse (1864); a request that Kemp Plummer Battle serve as a nominal master of a slave sent to Raleigh to seek carpentry work (1865); the mistreatment of an African American by a group of whites in Chapel Hill, North Carolina (1866); criticism of the Emancipation Proclamation and Reconstruction (1867); comments on the racial climate in Chapel Hill (1868); a congressional investigation into the Ku Klux Klan (1871); and an invitation of "colored citizens" to Kemp Plummer Battle to deliver an address on the anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation (1876). The collection also contains two slave bills of sale (1832, 1856).

BAYSIDE PLANTATION RECORDS, #53, 1846-1852; 1860-1866

Daily record of the activities at Bayside, a large plantation on Bayou Teche (near New Iberia) Louisiana, and at an unnamed plantation on Bayou Millet, near Opelousas, Louisiana. The record was kept by a proprietor, Francis DuBose Richardson, by members of his family, and by overseers, and discusses the management of slaves and free labor. Entries also note illnesses among slaves (1842-1852) and give an assessment of personal property that includes slaves (1846). Microfilm available.

HAMON BELL PAPERS, #4084-z, 1738-1841

Legal papers of and letters received by Bell of Camden County, North Carolina. Some of the papers pertain to the sale and exchange of slaves. Microfilm available.

HERMAN BELL COLLECTION, #20261, 1967

Interview, conversation and narrative in Gullah dialect by African Americans Jim and Christina Milligan and Nettie Whaley, recorded by Herman Bell on Edisto Island, South Carolina in 1967. Topics include the Civil War, houses, food, fishing, school, local people, and some animal tales. [1 reel, FT1200]

HENRY LOUIS BENNING PAPERS, #2225, 1818-1897

Primarily military papers of Benning, Confederate Army officer of Georgia and Virginia. Items relating to slavery include the summary of a Baldwin Superior Court case arising from the sale of blacks seized by the state of Georgia because of a violation of the U.S. law prohibiting the importation of slaves (1818); and information about a case brought before the Supreme Court of Georgia that involved the sale of slaves in connection with a mortgage foreclosure (1855). Microfilm only.

DIARIES OF OVERTON AND JESSE BERNARD, #62-z, 1824; 1856-1891

Diary of Overton Bernard while he was a Methodist minister in Edenton, North Carolina, and a bank employee in Portsmouth, Virginia; and of his son, Jessee Bernard, an Alcachua County, Florida, lawyer. One entry in the elder Bernard's diary includes discussion of the demoralization of freedmen (1862).

JOHN MACPHERSON BERRIEN PAPERS, #63, 1778-1938

Personal and legal correspondence of Berrien of Savannah, Georgia, constitutional lawyer, U.S. senator, and attorney general in Andrew Jackson's cabinet. Correspondence includes a discussion of the rights of "free persons of color" under the Constitution (1820). Microfilm available.

BERRYHILL FAMILY PAPERS, #2857, 1795-1801; 1838-1840

Mainly prenuptial correspondence between Oliver Arms of Lincoln County, North Carolina, and Elizabeth Sprague of South Deerfield, Massachusetts. In a letter dated 10 February 1839, Arms discusses the condition of southern slaves, stressing their religious freedom. Microfilm available.

MARY JEFFREYS BETHELL DIARY, 1737-z, 1853-1873

Personal diary of Bethell, who spent most of her life in Rockingham, County, North Carolina. Entries reveal thoughts on the departure of slaves and difficulties with free blacks after the war. Microfilm available.

JOHN HOUSTON BILLS PAPERS, #2245-A AND B, 1843-1871

Diary and miscellaneous papers of Bills, a Tennessee planter, merchant, and friend of U.S. President James Knox Polk. The diary contains references to the work, treatment, and prices of slaves.

JAMES B. BLACKFORD, COLLECTOR, PAPERS, #3760-z, 1822-1879

Chiefly unrelated 19th century letters from several different states collected by Blackford of Richmond, Virginia. Writers and topics include a traveler in Mississippi who refers to the rental of several of his slaves to pick cotton during a temporary layover caused by a local yellow fever epidemic (1833); a slave owner in Shackleford, North Carolina, concerning possible charges brought against a slave for beating a slave owned by the writer (1835); and a Baptist minister in Vicksburg, Mississippi, to a minister in New York, expressing concern over the impact of the abolition movement on missionary efforts (1844).

BLACKFORD FAMILY PAPERS, #1912, 1742-1953

The Blackford collection consists of correspondence and other papers of three generations of the Blackfords of Fredericksburg, Lynchburg, and Alexandria, Virginia. Much of the correspondence relates to the activities of the American Colonization Society and its counterpart in Great Britain, and documents the Blackford family's antislavery sentiments and their attempts to organize a colonization society in Fredericksburg. The collection includes discussion of fears of a large-scale slave insurrection in the slave states (1831); difficulties in educating black women to be teachers; the life of missionaries in Liberia (1836, 1843, 1845, 1852, 1855); freeing slaves to send to Liberia (1841); observations of South American slavery (1842-1843); antislavery views in Richmond, Virginia; and opposition to the annexation of Texas as a proslavery plot to enable the South to secede (1844); the outfitting with tools of a slave manumitted by the Blackfords (1844); letters written by the slave Maria West for her blind owner and occasional personal notes from West herself (1846-1847); news of Abraham, a manumitted Blackford slave who joined a colony in Liberia (1845); opposition faced by abolitionists in Fredericksburg, Virginia, and nationally (1849); views on slavery and colonization (1850); response to a plan to send slaves to the Amazon Valley (1851); Charles Blackford's opinion of the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1853); a proslavery argument and description of the treatment of slaves written by V. M. Randolph of Forkland, Alabama (1859); an account of the life, death, and philosophies of Richard Randolph, a Virginian who freed his slaves and moved to Ohio (1859); reaction to John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry (1860); the Northern working-class view of the war and slavery (1862); the secession crisis and Confederate army life (1861-1865); problems with freed slaves (1865); news of Liberia and the hope that emancipated slaves would join the African colony (1865); the idleness of freedmen and thievery among blacks and whites (1866); experiences of the white M. Payne in teaching black children (n.d.); and a description of a Danville, Virginia, race riot (1883).

ELIZABETH HOOPER BLANCHARD PAPERS, #3367, 1694-1954

Family, professional, and business papers of Blanchard, author, art collector, and interior decorator of California and New York. This extensive collection contains correspondence, diary entries, clippings, pictures, and other background materials relating to Blanchard's book, The Life and Times of Sir Archie: The Story of America's Greatest Thoroughbred, as well as family letters written from a plantation near Columbus, Mississippi. The correspondence contains plantation letters from Sarah Amis that routinely mention the welfare of two slaves named Lethe and Sophia, including an 1840 note stating that Lethe gave birth to a child who was "right good looking and not black of course"; a letter from Sophia to Bettie and Sallie Amis (1858); a North Carolina letter referring to "old negroes" at the end of the Civil War (1867); a comment from Sallie Amis in Petersburg, Virginia that "the niggas are as impudent as they can be" (1867); a report from Mamie Amis in San Francisco of Irish prejudice against free blacks (1869); and discussion of the political actions of blacks in Louisiana (1870-1876).

JOHN HENRY WILLIAM BONITZ AND MARY (STOGNER) BONITZ PAPERS, #3865, 1863-1973

This collection includes three scrapbooks containing newspaper clippings from the North Carolina Goldsboro and Wilmington Messengers, of which John Henry William Bonitz was coproprietor. The clippings are primarily columns written by Bonitz or his wife. Volume 2 contains two photographs of two African Americans: Alexander Manly, an editor in Wilmington, North Carolina (1898), and "Drake," a candidate for mayor in Wilmington in 1897. There is also a typescript copy of notes on Manly's background.

ELSIE H. BOOKER, COLLECTOR, PAPERS, #4580, 1712-1966

Correspondence, business and legal papers, scrapbooks, genealogical information, pictures, and miscellaneous papers of the Markham, Leigh, Durham, Lloyd, and other families, chiefly of North Carolina. The collection contains business and legal papers primarily of the Shephard, Leigh, and Markham families of Orange and Durham Counties, North Carolina. Papers include a will that calls for the sale of land and slaves (1819); a property inventory listing slaves (1821); and documents relating to the hiring of slaves (1832, 1839). Among the Durham and Lloyd family correspondence is a letter of application for a position as a teacher at an African-American public school in the Beth-Carr district, probably in Orange County, North Carolina. (1900). In addition, the collection contains post-Civil War letters of three African-American families: the Goodwins of South Carolina, the Pickens of Connecticut, and the Mitchells of Durham, North Carolina.

BOROUGH HOUSE MANUSCRIPTS, #1597, 1815-1910

Records of several generations of the Anderson family, physicians and planters near Stateburg, South Carolina. Included are a slave book and notes (1830); a contract for labor with free blacks (1865); and store accounts and advances made to free blacks (1866-1868). Microfilm available.

BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA. OLD HICKORY COUNCIL RECORDS, #4688, 1964-1985

Records of the Old Hickory Council of the Boy Scouts of America, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Included are papers relating to integration of the troop (1964).

BOYKIN FAMILY PAPERS, #78, 1748-1932

Family, business, and military papers of the Boykin family of Camden, South Carolina. Mainly business and plantation papers, the collection contains slave bills of sale; a typescript narrative entitled "The Tell-Tale Letter Picked Up by a Slave" (1865); and transcriptions of letters concerning John W. DeSaussure's emancipation of his slaves (1865). Post-Civil War materials contain the paper "Articles of Agreement between Freedmen and Women and S. Boykin" (1868) and letters concerning labor problems on plantations (1865-1881).

ALICE D. BOYLE COLLECTION, #20127, 1960, 1971-1975

Seven tapes of stories of Demus Green, from a Gullah community in Charleston, South Carolina.

CHARLES WILLIAM BRADBURY PAPERS, #3011, 1817-1854

Correspondence, financial and legal papers, memorandum books, and diaries of Bradbury, insurance agent of New Orleans, and other members of the Bradbury family of Manlius and Canandaigua, New York; Cincinnati and Montgomery, Ohio; Madison, Indiana; and New Orleans, Louisiana. Legal papers contain slave bills of sale, including an 1841 bill for a slave described as addicted to drunkenness. Microfilm available.

BRANCH FAMILY PAPERS, #2718, 1788-1919

Personal, business, and political papers of four generations of the family of John Branch, planter and politician. Correspondence includes frequent references to plantation life, black slaves/workers, and concerns over the Civil War. Folder #134 contains an undated contract for labor with freedmen (late 1850s), and subseries 2.1.2 and 2.2.2 include information on freedmen. Microfilm available.

EUGENE CUNNINGHAM BRANSON PAPERS, #2610, 1895-1933

Professional correspondence and writings of Branson, educator, author, editor, president of the state Normal School of Georgia and head of its Department of Rural Economics and Sociology; and founder and head of the Rural Social Economics Program at the University of North Carolina. Letters discuss race relations in Orange County, North Carolina, and elsewhere (1914, 1916-1917, 1920); lynchings (1915-1921); African-American land owners (1915); schools for African Americans (1917-1918); the northern migration of African Americans (1917); the University Commission on Race Relations (1918); the search for an African-American "draft dodger" (1918); the work of the Southern Publicity Committee for better race relations (1918); wages of African-American workers (1919); civil rights (1919); meetings of the Inter-Racial Committee (1919); recommendations for interracial work with the YMCA (1920); the increase of racial prejudice in the South (1921); attitudes toward the Ku Klux Klan (1922); fundamentalism and the Klan (1926); and the voting of southern African Americans (1927). The collection also includes addresses and essays on the ownership of farms by African Americans in Georgia (1886-1913); "The Negro Working out His Own Salvation" (1913); surveys of the African- American population in Georgia (1911); information about African- American churches in Georgia (1913); and statistics on slave ownership in North Carolina (1915).

BRASHEAR AND LAWRENCE FAMILY PAPERS, #2355, 1802-1897

Chiefly correspondence among members of the Brashear, Lawrence, and related Barr, Parker, Clay, Tilton, and Townsend families. Letters include references to buying slaves (1827) and the management of plantation slaves in New Orleans (1844-1860).

JOHN BRATTON LETTERS, #2216-z, 1861-1865

A collection of letters written by Bratton, physician, state senator, and Confederate army officer from Winnsboro, South Carolina, to his wife. Letters discuss "free Negro volunteers" at Ft. Pickens, Battery Island, South Carolina (1861), and Bratton's directions on the care of slaves in the event that Yankees reach his South Carolina home (1865).

BRITTON AND MOORE FAMILY PAPERS, #4136, 1782-1890

Legal papers, financial records, and family correspondence, chiefly 1850-1889, of the Blodgett, Britton, and Moore families of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Northampton County, North Carolina; and New Orleans, Louisiana. Correspondence includes two letters to Ellen (Britton) Moore from Howard Moore, the son of a former Moore slave, concerning his progress in a Raleigh, North Carolina, school. Financial papers contain records of the hiring of slaves (1854-1855) and the purchase of a slave (1850).

IVERSON LEWIS BROOKS PAPERS, #3249, 1793-1865

Correspondence, financial and legal materials, and other items relating to Brooks's activities as teacher, Baptist preacher, and plantation owner of Georgia and South Carolina, and the activities of his family. Brooks, who amassed through marriage and purchase considerable holdings of land and slaves, was a staunch supporter of slavery. Included in this collection are letters from overseers discussing the condition of slaves on Brooks's Georgia plantation (1846-1855); letters documenting Brooks's desire to publish an account of the South's view on slavery, "A Defence of the South Against the Reproachments and Encroachments of the North: In Which Slavery is shown to be an Institution of God" (1850); receipts of slave sales (1787-1832); a document of inheritance concerning the management of slaves in Georgia (1831); and a slave list compiled for tax purposes (1861). Microfilm available.

JOHN PETERS BROUN PAPERS, #2448-z, 1819-1939

Family correspondence of Broun, planter of Richland County, South Carolina, and Lowndes County, Alabama. Correspondence includes a letter advising Broun to sell southern property due to the impending abolition of slavery (1842), and a letter recollecting past days of "loved and trusted slaves" (1933). The collection also includes a list of slaves and their supposed ages and valuations (1843). Microfilm available.

CATHERINE BARBARA BROUN PAPERS, #2389-z, 1861-1868

Diary of Broun describing events and conditions in the area near her home at "Sunny Bank," Middleburg, Virginia, during and after the Civil War. She discusses her dealings with both Union and Confederate soldiers as they passed through her land and the behavior of enslaved and free blacks.

FRANK C. BROWN COLLECTION, #20022, 1936-1941

Recordings of sacred songs, worksongs, popular songs, and blues collected in North Carolina. Includes Pilgrim Singers, Boone State Prison Camp; Prymrolle Quartet, Boone State Prison Camp; Will "Shorty" Love, Durham; and various artists, Spear.

HAMILTON BROWN PAPERS, #1090, 1752-1907

Extensive and varied business and personal papers of three generations of the prominent Brown family of Wilkes County, North Carolina, and the related Gwyn, Gordon, and Finley families. Antebellum papers dating from the 1770s contain a number of slave bills of sale and documents concerning the hiring-out of slaves in Georgia, Virginia, and Tennessee; a series of letters from William Gwyn concerning arrangements to hire a particular slave couple (1835); and several letters from Indiana residents responding to runaway slave notices posted by Hamilton Brown (1835-1839). Also included are letters from slaves negotiating terms of hire (1830s-1840s) and contracts for hiring freedmen (1871-1907). Microfilm available.

BROWNRIGG FAMILY PAPERS, #2226, 1736-1944

Correspondence and other papers of the Brownrigg family of Chowan County, North Carolina, and Lowndes County, Mississippi. Financial and legal materials contain many items concerning the buying and selling of slaves (1736-1862). Personal correspondence includes comments on the disposition of slaves (1885); the prayer of slave "old Dick" (1835); messages sent home from slaves traveling with their owners (1835); and an observation of the "kindly affectionate relations" between slaves and masters in southwest Virginia (1835). Microfilm available.

BRUMBY AND SMITH FAMILY PAPERS, #2780, 1833-1929

Miscellaneous papers of Laura M. Cole Smith and family of South Carolina. Series 2 includes an autobiographical sketch of James R. Brumby, a Confederate soldier and businessman, in which Brumby refers to going into business with an African American (1929). Microfilm available.

BRYAN FAMILY PAPERS, #96, 1704-1940

Primarily business papers and correspondence documenting the professional and commercial activities and home life of the families of James W., James A., and Charles S. Bryan. Correspondence covers topics such as the transfer and sale of slaves (1841); the murder of an overseer by a slave (1840); rumors of a slave insurrection in New Bern, North Carolina (1840); legal justice for the murder of a slave (1846); the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850; race riots in Boston (1851); the issue of a free black woman of British citizenship who had been enslaved in America (1851); the issue of confiscated land given to freedmen (1883); the white supremacy movement (1890s); and the Ku Klux Klan (1920s). Microfilm available.

BRYAN AND LEVENTHORPE FAMILY PAPERS, #3994, 1797-1940

Personal and business papers of the Bryan, Leventhorpe, Davenport, and Avery families, chiefly of North Carolina. Material prior to 1860 includes many documents relating to the buying and selling of slaves, and scattered Civil War items concern the secession crisis.

BRYAN AND MINOR FAMILY PAPERS, #2494-z, 1807-1918; ca. 1930s

Scattered family letters (1807-1918), bible records, and Civil War reminiscences of the Bryan and Minor families of Georgia and Virginia. The collection contains papers relating to slavery and freedmen, including statements of a former slave and servant.

BULLOCK AND HAMILTON FAMILY PAPERS, #101, 1757-1971

Personal and business correspondence and legal and financial papers of the Bullock and Hamilton families of Granville (now Vance) County, North Carolina, and Lowndes County, Mississippi. The Bullock papers contain a letter discussing opinions on slavery (1844) and the will of Sally Fain, an African-American woman who owned slaves (1854). Hamilton family papers refer to the purchase, rental, and treatment of slaves and to the issue of runaway slaves as well as to the North's view on the treatment of slaves and the relocation of freed slaves to the North. The collection also contains a letter from a freedman in New Orleans who was trying to purchase his enslaved sisters from Hamilton (1851). Microfilm available.

EDWARD COURTNEY BULLOCK LETTER, #1913-z, 1860

Letter dated 26 October 1860 from N. Bullock of Bristol, Rhode Island, to his nephew E. C. Bullock, a Eufaula, Alabama, lawyer, legislator, and secessionist. The letter gives N. Bullock's opinions on slavery, abolitionist theories, and New Englanders.

BUMPAS FAMILY PAPERS AND BOOKS, #1031, 1838-1972

Diaries, correspondence, and writings of a family of North Carolina Methodist ministers and editors of church publications. Materials include information concerning racial violence in Tennessee in 1946 collected by Paul F. Bumpas. A diary of Sidney D. Bumpas contains an account of the mistreatment of free black Lunsford Lane in Raleigh, North Carolina (1842).

BURGWYN FAMILY PAPERS, #1687, 1787-1987

Miscellaneous papers of the Burgwyn family of Northampton County, North Carolina, largely of William Hyslop Sumner Burgwyn. Volumes include plantation accounts, a personal diary, deeds and family letters. Financial and legal materials contain receipts of slave sales and slave lists (1830-1861), and correspondence of Henry King Brown discusses the handling of slaves (1843). Microfilm available.

THOMAS A. BURKE ACCOUNT BOOK, #2348, 1848-1869

Accounts kept by Burke of Rowan County, North Carolina, including records of slave hirings.

EDWINA BURNLEY MEMOIR, #1816, 1832-1870

Memoir written by Edwina Burnley and Bertha Burnley Ricketts discussing the Burnley family history. Most of the manuscript focuses on recollections of childhood on the plantation "Somerset" in Copiah County, Mississippi, and details relations with relatives, neighbors, and slaves. Microfilm only.

THOMAS BURTON PAPERS, #4217, 1809, 1846, 1858-1921

Correspondence, legal, and financial papers of Burton and his wife Nancy, both of Yanceyville, North Carolina. The collection contains correspondence from family members that discusses the prices of slaves in Mississippi, Georgia, and Alabama. Included is one letter of inquiry concerning the purchase of a female slave and her child.

BURTON AND YOUNG FAMILY PAPERS, #111, 1807-1911

Family correspondence among members of four generations of the Burton and Young families of Granville, Lincoln, Cabarrus, and Mecklenburg Counties, North Carolina. Included are papers sent to Sarah Virginia Burton Young by the managers of her plantation discussing the conduct of workers, especially rioting by freedmen, and the unsettled nature of local politics as related to freedmen's votes (1866-1896).

BURWELL FAMILY PAPERS, #112, 1750-1943

This collection consists of personal, financial, and legal papers of the Burwell family of Warren, Vance, and Granville counties, North Carolina, and Mecklenburg County, Virginia, and the Williams family of Warren County, North Carolina. Included are letters which concern slave sales (1736-1799, 1832-1835); the hiring of slaves (1820-1835); the division of slaves according to an estate settlement (1850s); records of slaves hired and purchased (1830-1845, 1845-1860); letters of agreement between free blacks and William Henry Burwell of Virginia (1866-1873); account books and farm journals that record the birth dates of slaves and horses belonging to the Burwell family and slave purchases and sales (1805-1860); lists of both black and white members of the Tabernacle Society of the Tabernacle Methodist Episcopal Church in North Carolina (1832-1850); and a school register for a black school in Vance County, North Carolina (1881- 1887).

ALGERNON LEE BUTLER PAPERS, #4034, 1928-1978

Judicial files, correspondence, and other materials of Butler, a Sampson County, North Carolina, lawyer (1931-1959), U.S. District Judge for eastern North Carolina (1959-1978), and active member of the Republican Party. While serving as a judge Butler gained a reputation for his involvement in desegregating North Carolina public schools and in numerous civil rights cases. The collection reflects his efforts in the civil rights movement and contains speeches that reveal his dedication to desegregation (1950s-1970s).

JOSEPH BUTTON PAPERS, #4664-z, 1897; 1924-1934

Primarily correspondence of Button, Virginia Commissioner of Insurance, 1925-1929. Correspondence reflects his involvement with the White Advisory Committee for the Richmond Colored Community Hospital Campaign (1927).

CAFFERY FAMILY PAPERS, #2227, 1830-1990s

Largely personal correspondence of the Caffery and Richardson families of Iberia Parish, Louisiana. The collection includes information on plantation life and refers to white control over slaves and free blacks (1840, 1857, 1868). Microfilm available.

CAMERON FAMILY PAPERS, #133, 1757-1978

The Cameron family of Orange and Durham Counties and Raleigh, North Carolina, was among the state's largest landowners and slaveholders during the antebellum period. Correspondence regards attitudes toward slavery; plantation management (1830s); runaway slaves (1847); a former slave's attempts to buy her children (1859); and the aftermath of emancipation, including the looting of Fairntosh Plantation by former slaves. Additional materials include a narrative about a test case brought by an African- American servant (1865); slave lists and a slave ledger which provide information on the hiring and expenses of slaves, transfer of slaves, contracts to sell slaves, recording birth and deaths and slaves' occupations; student essays on slavery (1796-1805); an undated essay "A Peep into the Old Dominion" discussing problems of free labor; and an account book recording accounts for African Americans (1866). The collection also includes letters written to and from a former Cameron family slave living in Liberia (1840s) and letters from a slave in Alabama reporting on plantation business to the Camerons. Microfilm available.

JOHN LYLE CAMPBELL PAPERS, #1491, 1858-1870

One letter to Professor Campbell of Washington College, Lexington, Virginia, from T. J. Jackson, describing the Lexington Sabbath School for African Americans (1858). Microfilm only.

CAPEHART FAMILY PAPERS, #1494, 1782-1983

Correspondence, volumes, financial items, and other material (1811-1899) of the Capehart family of Scotch Hall Plantation, Bertie County, North Carolina, with some material concerning the Martin family of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The collection includes slave records (1840-1864), a recipe book containing a list of the names and births of former slaves who remained on the plantation after the war, and letters from Kate (Mary Carey Capehart) to her father (Cullen Capehart) mentioning freed blacks who wished to remain with their former owners (1866). Microfilm only.

GUY AND CANDIE CARAWAN COLLECTION, #20008, 1960s

Collection of several hundred sound recordings containing extensive documentation of musical and religious life in the Sea Island communities of Georgia and South Carolina as well as events relating to the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s.

BOB CARLIN COLLECTION, #20050, 1990

Interview with Preston Sylvester Fulp, blues guitarist in Walnut Cove, North Carolina, and family members.

EDWARD WARD CARMACK PAPERS, #1414, 1850-1942

Papers, chiefly from 1890, of Carmack, editor of Nashville and Memphis, Tennessee, prohibitionist, U.S. Representative, and U.S. Senator. The collection contains material primarily relating to political activities. Included are photographs of black agricultural laborers and other plantation scenes in the vicinity of "Rosemary," a farm or plantation presumably in Alabama (probably Hale County), ca. 1890-1910. Microfilm available.

CARMICHAEL FAMILY DIARIES, #138-z, 1803-1850

Diaries of various members of the Carmichael family of Augusta, Georgia, including the diary, 1837-1845, of Mrs. Eliza (Eve) Carmichael, which mentions family slaves. Microfilm available.

KATE S. CARNEY DIARY, #139-z, 1859-1862; 1876

Diary of Carney, the daughter of a Murfreesboro, Tennessee, merchant, describing antebellum life in Murfreesboro and travel to various places. Many entries mention slaves, including a description of slaves purchased and bestowed as a wedding gift (1859) and the marriage of slaves (1862). Microfilm available.

JULIAN SHAKESPEARE CARR PAPERS, #141, 1845-1924

Letters, telegrams, business and legal documents, maps, newspaper clippings, and miscellaneous papers pertaining to the business and personal affairs of Carr of Chapel Hill and Durham, North Carolina, manufacturer of tobacco products and Methodist Church and Democratic Party member. The collection includes a group of manuscript addresses and Sunday School lessons given by Carr, some of which discuss race relations in North Carolina and throughout the South (1896-1923).

CARR, BARNES, AND BRANCH FAMILY PAPERS, #1392-z, 1837-1867

Chiefly financial papers of various Wilson, North Carolina, residents, some of whom were members of the Carr, Barnes, and Branch families. Included are estate inventories and papers relating to the hiring of slaves.

FARISH CARTER PAPERS, #2230, 1794; 1806-1868

Correspondence and financial and legal papers of Carter, planter, land speculator, and entrepreneur of Scottsborough Plantation, near Milledgeville, Baldwin County, Georgia, and of Coosawattee Plantation, Murray County, Georgia. The collection primarily documents Carter's business activities, including the buying, selling, and hiring-out of slaves. Letters also cover topics such as the treatment of slaves (1825); problems of slave management (1830-1850); news of house servants and field hands (1851-1858); effects of an ordinance passed in Marietta, Georgia, concerning African Americans' autonomy to hire out their services and relating to their residences (1854); and marriage customs among slaves (1854). Financial and legal materials include bills of sale for slaves (1812, 1821); a certificate of character for a slave (1830); bills for hire of slaves (1840); and terms for hire of slaves (1850). The papers also document Carter's involvement in legal controversies over ownership of slaves in Florida. Microfilm available.

TOM CARTER AND CHUCK OSLYER COLLECTION, #20030, 1973

Two tapes of Willie Trice, blues singer and guitarist in Orange County, North Carolina.

ROBERT LOONEY CARUTHERS PAPERS, #1416, 1823-1870

Letters and papers of Caruthers, lawyer, state legislator, Whig politician, founder and professor of law at Cumberland University, U.S. Representative, state supreme court justice, and Confederate governor of Tennessee. Papers include letters from nephew Jesse Caruthers of Yazoo County, Mississippi, which discuss hiring free blacks (1865-1867). Microfilm available.

LENOIR CHAMBERS PAPERS, #3827, 1907-1970

Correspondence, speeches, writings, and research materials of Chambers, native of North Carolina, newspaper editor, and author. The 1930s papers include an unpublished editorial about lynching, a news release from Atlanta, Georgia, about the Southern Commission on the Study of Lynching, and a mimeographed report about lynching from Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute. Also included are a group of "Letters to the Editor" and correspondence on the Supreme Court decision on segregation in public schools (1954-1958); a report entitled "Press Coverage of the Desegregation Story" given at an American Society of Newspaper Editors convention (1955); information on the policies of newspapers in Norfolk and Princess Anne Counties, Virginia, concerning circulation to blacks (1956); drafts, booklets, and articles concerning school desegregation and the migration of blacks to the North (1958).

JOHN CHAVIS LETTERS, #2014, 1889-1892

Letters sent by Kemp Battle, W. B. Phillips, and J. M. Horner to Edward A. Oldham regarding Chavis, an African-American educator and minister.

JOSEPH BLOUNT CHESHIRE PAPERS, #146, 1828-1932

Predominantly professional correspondence, speeches, writings, and subject files documenting Cheshire's activities as a North Carolina Episcopalian clergyman and bishop, 1878-1932. Cheshire was actively involved in mission work and concerned with relations with African-American Episcopalians in the Diocese. Issues of race relations within the Diocese are well documented throughout the collection. Speeches include "Church and the Negro," ca. 1885, and "Racial Episcopate," 1916. Subject files cover topics including "St. Augustine's School," "Convocation Among Colored People," and "Joint Commission on a Racial Episcopate."

CHEVES AND WAGNER FAMILY PAPERS, #147, 1814-1919

Contains letters of the Cheves, Wagner, and related families, chiefly of South Carolina and Georgia, discussing negotiations to unite a Cheves household slave, Harry, with his wife, who was owned by another family (1819-1846). Microfilm available.

JOHN FRANCIS HAMTRACK CLAIBORNE PAPERS, #151, 1797-1884

The Claiborne papers contain a small number of items relating to the personal life of Claiborne, lawyer, congressman, editor, and historian of Mississippi and Louisiana, and consist largely of materials collected by him in preparation of a history of Miss. Included are power-of-attorney papers of Ann Young of Washington, DC, given to Claiborne for the purpose of recovering her minor son, a free black (1836); a long account of grievances of Margaret Forbush, the wife of a freedman, claiming that a group of white men deprived her of property and requesting the protection of the U.S. government and courts (1869); a reply to an unidentified antislavery treatise (Folder 60); fragments and drafts on slavery (Folder 62); and newspaper clippings on slavery (Folder 73).

MAXWELL TROAX CLARKE PAPERS, #259-z, 1854-1890

Chiefly letters to Clarke from his father, Colin Clarke, planter and lawyer of Gloucester County, Virginia, describing hardships under Union occupation during the Civil War. Included are references to slaves leaving the plantation and taking property with them (1862-1863); Union arrangements for hiring free blacks (1862); a gift of $50.00 from Fanny, a black nurse, to her white charge (1863); difficulties in purchasing clothes for blacks (1863); and "trouble" with blacks (1863).

THOMAS W. CLAWSON PAPERS, #2792-z, 1898

Undated recollections of Clawson, then city editor of the Wilmington, North Carolina, Messenger, who was an eyewitness to the Wilmington race riot of November 1898. The collection also includes a notarized copy of the editorial concerning southern womanhood by black editor Alexander L. Manly, which preceded the riot.

CLEMENT COMER CLAY LETTER, #692-z, 1818

A letter from Thomas Fearn, an Alabama native visiting England, to Clay, prominent lawyer and politician in Huntsville, Alabama. The letter chiefly concerns Fearn's sentiments in favor of emancipation.

JOSEPH CLAY PAPERS, #1272, 1853-1880

Papers of Clay, a member of the Georgia militia, include a record of slaves impressed to work on Savannah defenses (1864).

JOSEPHINE DOBBS CLEMENT PAPERS, #4444, 1936-1993

Professional and personal correspondence of Clement, an African-American civic leader and educator who served as a member and chair of the Durham, North Carolina, City Board of Education. Her political activities include support for civil rights and women's rights.

WILLIAM A. CLEMENT PAPERS, #4024, 1947-1993

Personal and professional papers of Clement, an executive of the black owned and operated North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company and a civic leader in Durham, North Carolina. Correspondence, financial and business papers, and records document his activities with groups including the Durham Committee on Black Affairs, Penn Community Services, North Carolina Central University, and the Durham Progress Group. The collection also contains papers relating to Clement's family life and North Carolina politics.

CAROLINE ELIZA CLITHERALL DIARIES, #158, 1751-1860

The personal diaries of Clitherall, a plantation owner's wife and school teacher of Belleville and Waterloo, South Carolina, Thornbury Plantation, North Carolina, and Greensboro, Tuscaloosa, and Mobile, Alabama. Entries detail the reception of Clitherall's mother by family slaves in North Carolina (1784); the loss of slaves because of financial problems (1813); and Clitherall's attempts to instill religious beliefs in her slave Eliza (1853). Microfilm available.

HARRISON HENRY COCKE PAPERS, #1587, 1762-1904

Chiefly personal correspondence of Cocke, planter and U.S. naval captain of Prince George County, Virginia, and of his family. Included are papers relating to Harrison Cocke's activities in the late 1840s when he commanded the U.S.S. St. Louis in the suppression of the illegal slave trade. Microfilm available.

ROBERT COLES PAPERS, #4333, 1954-1990

Correspondence and writings of Coles, child psychiatrist, educator, social activist, writer and professor of psychiatry and medical humanities at Harvard University. A leading authority on poverty, racial discrimination, and minority children, Coles won recognition for his book Children of Crisis: A Study in Courage and Fear, based on his study of African-American children in the South in the 1960s.

JOHN EWING COLHOUN PAPERS, #130, 1774-1961

Mostly papers and correspondence of the family of Colhoun (1750-1802), lawyer, South Carolina legislator, and U.S. senator. Papers relate to plantation management and contain information on slave conditions, frequently mentioning runaways, their reasons for leaving, and their punishments, along with tasks assigned to particular slaves. The diary of James Edward Colhoun discusses the execution of two slaves for poisoning their master (1825-1826). Microfilm available.

CONFEDERATE ENGINEER DEPARTMENT RECORDS, #3442, 1863-1865

Papers from the Confederate Army engineer's office at Charleston, South Carolina. Includes accounts for slave and free labor.

CECELIA CONWAY COLLECTION, #20033, 1974

Recordings of African-American musicians who performed in clubs in vicinity of Carrboro and Chapel Hill, North Carolina, in the 1970s. Artists include "Dump" Fairo, a boogie woogie and blues piano player, and Jasper "Jack" Minor, guitarist. Recorded by Cece Conway in or near Chapel Hill, 1974. [4 reels, FT1722- FT1725]

CECELIA CONWAY AND TOMMY THOMPSON COLLECTION, #20139, 1974

Fretless banjo songs and tunes played by African-American musician John Snipes, recorded by Cece Conway and Tommy Thompson in 1974. [4 reels, FT1766-FT1769] Banjo songs and vocals played and sung by African-American musician Dink Roberts (b. 1895), recorded by Cece Conway and Tommy Thompson in Haw River, North Carolina, ca. 1974. These audio recordings complement video recordings (or film) made at the same event(s). [8 reels, FT1770- FT1777] Banjo and fiddle music played by Joe and Odell Thompson, recorded by Cece Conway and Tommy Thompson in Mebane, North Carolina (1974). No other information available at time of writing. [7 reels, FT1778-FT1784]

HOMER A. COOKE MILITARY RECORDS, #3532, 1863

Records of Cooke, a U.S. army quartermaster in the New Bern, North Carolina, area, including financial and personal records, accounts of garrison equipage, and records of quartermaster's stores. Many of the personnel were former slaves, then called "contrabands," hired as laborers and serving in the 2d U.S. Colored Calvary.

CHARLES LEE COON PAPERS, #177, 1695-1931

Correspondence, writings, speeches, scrapbooks, teaching materials, and clippings of Coon of Wilson, North Carolina, an advocate of educational issues, including African-American education. Coon was appointed Superintendent of North Carolina Negro Normal Schools (1904-1906), and discussions of African- American education can be found throughout the collection, including correspondence with E. E. Smith, F. M. Kennedy, J. B. Dawdle, J. D. Raid, and Booker T. Washington, among others (1909, 1912-1913). Papers also discuss the northern migration and African-American tuberculosis hospitals. Scrapbooks and other materials reflect Coon's various interests including North Carolina history and juvenile crime among blacks and whites in North Carolina (1910-1911).

WILLIAM COOPER DIARY, #1195-z, 1862; 1865; 1872; 1886

The diary of Cooper, homeowner in Tuscumbia, Alabama, and plantation owner in Coahoma County, Mississippi. Entries record daily incidents in plantation management, including his dealings with slaves and free black laborers. The diary mentions the sale of slaves (1862); supplies given to black workers on credit (1865, 1872); slave births (1865); and evangelical services held by Mrs. Frame, a black minister in Tuscumbia, Alabama (1886). Microfilm available (in part).

JOHN HAMILTON CORNISH PAPERS, #1461, 1833-1966

This collection consists of a diary, writings, correspondence, sermons, and records of Cornish, Episcopal minister of Aiken, South Carolina. The diary records Cornish's experiences and thoughts on teaching and preaching in the South Carolina low country. He includes his observations of plantation life and the treatment of slaves as well as of the black community's attendance of church services in Charleston and on Edisto Island, both in South Carolina, and mentions services held specifically for blacks. The collection also includes a register of black members of an Episcopal Church on the North Santee River (1843). Microfilm available (in part).

COUPER FAMILY PAPERS, 186-z, 1827-1955

The bulk of this collection consists of a microfilm copy of personal correspondence and financial material of the Couper family of Glynn County, Georgia. Papers relate mainly to the family plantations and refer to workers and slaves. Materials include a deed for slaves and land (1827) and a list of plantation slaves recorded for the purposes of a mortgage deed (1861).

CALVIN JOSIAH COWLES PAPERS, #3808, 1773-1941

Papers of Cowles (1821-1907), a Wilkes County, North Carolina, merchant specializing in roots and herbs, a Whig and post-war Republican, and a consistent promoter of land, mining, and railroad development in northwestern North Carolina. Included are slave bills of sale (1773-1839) and a letter concerning a young runaway slave (1857).

JAMES W. COX PAPERS, #3653, 1741-1889

Scattered papers of Cox, businessman, local official at Kinston, North Carolina, and mayor of Goldsboro, North Carolina. The collection contains miscellaneous receipts and communications relating to the hiring of slaves (1861-1865), including two items signed by Washington Duke (1863).

THOMAS EDWARD COX BOOKS, #3309, 1829-1830; 1844-1854

Farm account books of Edward Cox, owner of six farms in Henrico County, Virginia, and physician's ledger/notebooks and farm account/daybooks of his son Thomas Edward Cox, physician and farmer in Henrico County. Included are slave lists as well as slave medical accounts (1847); a record of shoes given to slaves (n.d.); inventories of slaves owned by Thomas Cox (1854); and meat and meal allowances to slaves and white farm hands (1854). Microfilm available.

PORTIA CRAWFORD COLLECTION, #20154, 1960-1963

Dub of original disc recording submitted with Portia Crawford's masters thesis entitled "A Study of Negro Folksong from Greensboro, N.C. and Surrounding Towns" (UNC-CH, Folklore, 1965). Includes mostly unaccompanied singing by people aged ten to 106 and includes spirituals, children's songs, ballads, and animal songs. Recordings presumed to have been made between 1960 and 1963. [1 reel, FT1319]

WILLIAM LOUIS CRIGLAR PAPERS, #1196, 1847-1867

Correspondence and miscellaneous papers of Criglar, owner of a lumber milling business with holdings in Escambia County, Alabama, and in the adjoining Florida counties of Escambia and Santa Rosa. The collection includes a slave list and a deed of bequest from Criglar to his wife which names and describes the slaves of the mill (1862). Microfilm available.

JAMES A CROCKER BOOK, #4119-z, 1843-1849

A commonplace book and diary kept by Crocker, teacher of Warsaw, Wyoming County, New York, and of Falling Creek, Wayne County, North Carolina. The volume contains discussion of Whig opposition to the expansion of slavery with diary entries relating to Southern plantation life. Includes entries on the condition and treatment of slaves.

HARDY BRYAN CROOM PAPERS, #3772, 1822-1833

Croom, native of North Carolina, botanist, and Florida planter, died with his family in the wreck of the steamer Home which sailed from New York for Charleston in 1837 and wrecked south of Hatteras. Papers in this collection were gathered in the course of litigation over Croom's estate and consist chiefly of his own correspondence. Included are letters concerning his plantation slaves. Microfilm available.

CUPOLA HOUSE PAPERS, #1493, 1695-1884

A varied collection of business and personal papers, chiefly relating to persons living in, near, or connected with Edenton, North Carolina, to the affairs of the town and county and to the state government. The papers consist of public and private papers and records, several photographs, drawings, maps, and pamphlets. Included are numerous mentions of slaves.

JABEZ LAMAR MONROE CURRY PAPERS, #197, 1890-1903

Letters from prominent Americans to Curry, a Southern educator and general agent of the Slater Fund for the education of freedmen. Included are two letters from Grover Cleveland and one each from James Bryce and Wade Hampton concerning Curry's work with freedmen (1899).

MOSES ASHLEY CURTIS PAPERS, #199, 1825-1929

Personal and professional papers of Curtis, an Episcopal minister, teacher, and noted mycologist of Wilmington, Raleigh, and Hillsborough, North Carolina, and of Society Hill, South Carolina. The collection includes comments on Dearest family slaves (1841-1842); a receipt for the sale of a slave (1846); letters discussing a Dearest family neighbor charged with murdering a slave and the white community's outrage at the accused (1811); the acquisition of a preacher to minister to slaves (described as "a godless set") (1841); and the reception of Uncle Tom's Cabin in England (1853). Curtis's personal diary contains entries that describe the panic and activities relating to the Nat Turner insurrection in Southampton County, Virginia, and the threat of an uprising in the vicinity of Wilmington, North Carolina (1831).

EDITH MITCHELL DABBS PAPERS, #4285, 1791; 1860-1963

Material related to the Penn Normal Industrial and Agricultural School and/or to life on St. Helena Island, South Carolina, compiled by Dabbs, collector and writer of the island's history. The collection includes an article or speech entitled "African Music," a short history of the Penn School; copy of a transcript of the diary of Laura M. Towne (1862-1864), one of the founders of the Penn School; a letter written by a plantation owner's wife (1791); and photographs of sketches of buildings on the island (sketches produced in the 1860s).

JAMES MCBRIDE DABBS PAPERS, #3816, 1914-1980

Papers of Dabbs, English professor, churchman, civil rights leader, and farmer of Mayesville, South Carolina, including records of Penn Community Services, a center for civil rights debates and conferences. Papers discuss, among other political and social issues, racial inequalities (1944-1970). The collection includes letters commenting on the treatment of blacks, occasional hate-mail letters prompted by Dabbs's civil rights activism and writings, Dabbs's articles on desegregation, and research material Dabbs collected in files, bearing titles such as "Freedom of Thought in Southern Colleges" (which contains correspondence between Dabbs and professors at southern institutions about the issue of freedom to comment on desegregation events) and "The economic effect of the racial struggle."

CHARLES WILLIAM DABNEY PAPERS, #1412, 1715-1945

Business and personal correspondence of the Dabney family of Virginia that includes a report from a slave of the cruelty of an overseer, requests for baby clothes for slaves, and a certificate of reward for the return of a runaway slave (1772). The collection also contains an undated letter from R. L. Dabney to the Head of the Freedmen's Bureau.

WILLIAM ROBERT INGE DALTON, #4148, n.d

Miscellaneous papers including the Civil War reminiscences of Dalton, Confederate naval courier to Europe, and an account by Hamilton H. Dalton of his service with the U.S. Navy off the African coast and capture of slave ships. Photocopies only.

BESSIE HEATH DANIEL PAPERS, #4187, 1829-1860

Three account books, a cipher book, an "album of remembrance," and pages of data from a family Bible belonging to the Daniel family of North Carolina. One account book contains a list of names and dates of slaves born (1813-1864).

JONATHAN DANIELS PAPERS, #3466, 1865-1982

Correspondence, writings, notes, clippings, pictures, and other materials of Daniels of Raleigh, North Carolina, freelance journalist and author, editor of the Raleigh News and Observer, wartime assistant to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and advisor and biographer of President Truman. Material throughout the collection relates to race relations, including school integration in the South.

NATHANIEL CHESLEY DANIEL PAPERS, #4251, 1836; 1851-1899

Correspondence, financial and legal material, account books, and other material of Nathaniel Chesley Daniel and Anne H. Bullock Daniel, of Tranquility Plantation, Granville County, North Carolina. Included is a letter advising Anne of her inheritance of a slave (1856) and two photographs of three former slaves of the Daniel and Bullock families.

TOM DAVENPORT/DAVENPORT FILMS COLLECTION, #20025

Collection containing several hundred reels of audio tape and thousands of feet of moving image material, as well as correspondence, field notes, production logs, photographs, promotional material, and other documentation relating to films made by Tom Davenport. Several of Davenport's films pertain to African-American subjects, notably Born For Hard Luck, which looks at the life and times of medicine show performer, songster, and blues man, "Peg Leg" Sam Jackson, and A Singing Stream, which examines the musical life and traditions of the Landis family and their gospel singing group, The Golden Echoes.

DAVES FAMILY PAPERS, #3967, 1708-1930

Scattered family papers and data pertaining to the descendants of John Daves of New Bern, North Carolina, and related families. The collection includes a copy of a deed for sale of slaves (1816). Microfilm available.

DAVIDSON FAMILY PAPERS, #204, 1813-1937

Family and business correspondence, account books, ledgers, and day books of members of the Davidson family of Mecklenburg and Gaston Counties, North Carolina. Includes letters discussing the high price of slaves in Florida and an investment scheme to purchase North Carolina slaves to resell in Florida (1836).

MATTHEW SMART DAVIS PAPERS, #4125, 1852-1914

Letters, report cards, and other items relating to Davis and other members of the Davis family of Warren County, North Carolina. The bulk of the collection consists of letters written to Davis while he was a student at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. These discuss, among other topics, sicknesses among Davis slaves (1853) and neighborhood suspicion of a black woman who was accused of arson (1854).

DAVIS AND WALKER FAMILY PAPERS, #4172, 1755-1962

Correspondence, scattered business papers, addresses and essays, and miscellaneous materials, mostly 1850-1900, of the Davis and Walker families of Wilmington, North Carolina. The Davis Family Series contains one slave deed of ownership (1833); documents relating to the Freedmen's Bureau (1866); and recollections of songs sung by blacks on a Davis rice plantation (1915). The Walker Family Series contains slave deeds of ownership (1786, 1855); slave lists (1855, 1862); a promissory note paid for the hiring of a slave (1861); and letters discussing Walker slaves living in Raleigh and Wilmington. The correspondence expresses concern for slaves' health and over-frequent escape attempts (1862, 1865); the permissive attitude of an acquaintance toward slaves (1865); and anxiety about the arrival of black troops in Wilmington (1865). An account of rent payments received, some apparently from former Walker slaves (1867), also is present.

DELTA AND PROVIDENCE FARMS PAPERS, #3474, 1925-1963

Papers of two cooperative farms in Mississippi founded in an attempt to help southern agricultural workers, including African Americans, out of their economic plight.

DE ROSSET FAMILY PAPERS, #214, 1671-1940.

Correspondence, legal and financial papers, record books and diaries of the De Rosset family of Wilmington and Hillsborough, North Carolina, and Columbia, South Carolina. Correspondence includes letters, discussing the hiring out of slaves written to the De Rossets by their slaves in Wilmington, North Carolina (1861-1864) and activities of freed slaves (1865-1871). Financial materials include slave bills of sale; a deed of emancipation for a Charleston, South Carolina slave (1817); and a slave record listing births and deaths of De Rosset family slaves (1790-1854). The collection also includes four prints of charcoal drawings of African Americans by H. P. Kimball.

LOUIS M. DESAUSSURE JOURNAL, #2251, 1835-1865

Plantation journal of DeSaussure, physician and planter of Beaufort County, South Carolina. Entries discuss slaves, diseases, weather conditions, and DeSaussure's war-time duties as a surgeon with the 8th and 4th South Carolina regiments. Included are slave lists which note births, deaths, and sales (1835-1856), and a list of slaves that notes familial relationships (1857). Microfilm available.

JOHN DEVEREUX PAPERS, #2149, 1791-1890

Military and business papers of Devereux, hardware merchant, banker, and Confederate veteran of New Orleans, and financial, personal, and legal papers of Stephen and J. C. Van Wickle, both sheriffs of Point Coupee Parish, Louisiana. The collection includes a letter (1829) authorizing the hiring out of slaves, slave treatment, and the inappropriateness of a woman's handling the hiring out of slaves. Financial and legal papers include a slave bill of sale (1842). A volume of sheriff's accounts includes a clipping concerning the legality of a free black manumitting a slave and her three children (1827) and another volume lists slaves purchased and amount paid. Among the Civil War records is a list of slaves conscripted to work on the fortification of Fort Pemberton, Mississippi, and a provision return form for slaves transporting ammunition and guns from Greenwood to Wenona, Mississippi (1863). Microfilm available.

FRANCIS ASBURY DICKINS PAPERS, #218, 1729-1934

Chiefly correspondence between the family of Dickins, planter of Ossian Hall in Fairfax County, Virginia, agent for the U.S. War and Treasury Departments, and lawyer of Washington, DC, and the family of his wife, Margaret Harvey Randolph. Correspondence includes advice on the handling of slaves (1845); the purchase of two elderly slaves (1848); and a mention of post-Civil War servants in Virginia (1868).

WILLIAM G. DICKSON PAPERS, #221, 1767-1920

Chiefly business and personal papers of the family of Dickson, UNC alumnus, attorney, and state representative of Burke (now Caldwell) County, North Carolina. The collection includes letters discussing the poor health of Tennessee slaves (1814-1818); freed slaves leaving their masters (1865); and the imprisonment of a white man in Morganton, North Carolina, for shooting a black man (1865). A personal journal records the production output of a Kings Mountain iron forge that employed slave labor (1837- 1852).

HARRY ST. JOHN DIXON PAPERS, #2375, 1855-1904

Personal correspondence and diaries of Dixon, native of Mississippi, Confederate officer, and California lawyer. The collection consists chiefly of correspondence between Dixon and his parents near Greenville, Mississippi, and in Demopolis, Alabama, discussing the Fugitive Slave Act (1860); the "fate of negroes who followed enemy's columns," (1862); the faithfulness of slaves during the war (1863); the disinclination of former slaves to sign unspecified "contracts" in Alabama (1867); the refusal of former slaves to work for former slaveholders (1867); former slaves as sharecroppers (1869); blacks wearing Union Army uniforms (1869); and the opinions of whites toward blacks following the war (1869). Microfilm available.

RICHARD DOZIER PAPERS #229, 1787-1922

Professional and personal papers of Dozier, a Georgetown, South Carolina, attorney and state legislator. Letters written during Reconstruction present a detailed description of the role of African Americans in local politics (1868); discuss the integrated Legislature (1868); and provide information on African-American juries and judges and on business difficulties faced by African Americans (1870).

HENRY DUFFEL COMMONPLACE BOOK, #1098, 1843-1900

Manuscript notebook of an Ascension Parish, Louisiana, lawyer contains notes and dates of family events (chiefly 1843-1855), including a trip taken on the Mississippi River on a boat carrying a cargo of slaves.

WILLIAM DUNBAR ACCOUNT BOOK, #231, 1776-1793; 1845- 1847

Account book probably kept by Alexander Ross, a trader and planter in West Florida, the Bahamas, and elsewhere (1776-1793). The volume also contains entries of William Dunbar's son of the same name, a Natchez, Mississippi, planter (1845-47). Entries record dealings with the colonial governor of Virginia as well as with freedmen. Microfilm available.

EMMA HENDERSON DUNN COLLECTION, #1867, 1721-1903

Miscellaneous papers and letters of various people relating to New Bern and Carteret and Craven counties, North Carolina. The collection contains letters discussing the sale and disposition of slaves (1852, 1862).

HARRIET H. A. EATON DIARIES, #1378, 1853-1864

Diary of Eaton of Portland, Maine, a traveling nurse with the U.S. Army. The majority of the collection consists of Eaton's observations and opinions as an Army nurse visiting camps in Virginia, leaving supplies, and aiding the sick and the wounded. One early entry describes a church service for slaves in Mobile, Alabama (1853-1854). Microfilm available.

EDENTON METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH (N.C.) RECORD BOOK, #3075, 1804-1863

A record book of the Edenton (North Carolina) Methodist Episcopal Church; includes a history of the church discusses slave and free black members. Microfilm available.

EDGEFIELD DISTRICT (S.C.) MILITIA AND PLANTATION RECORD, #236, 1830-1842

Records of the Springfield Beat Company of the South Carolina militia, kept by Col. John Hill, and Hill's plantation journal. The journal records the daily activities of Hill's slaves (1830- 1832) and contains accounts for "medical services" performed to Hill's slaves (1835).

BELLE EDMONDSON DIARY, #1707, 1864

Civil War diary of Edmondson (b. 1840) of Shelby County, Tennessee. The volume contains accounts of slaves and refers to free blacks fighting on the Federal side. Microfilm available.

EDWIN EDMUNDS' ACCOUNT BOOK, #3138, 1838-1892

Records of Rotherwood Plantation near Farmville, probably in Prince Edward County, Virginia, including accounts with black domestic and agricultural laborers. Papers primarily relate to payment for labor, days worked, advances and deductions, and record transactions with former slaves, hired hands, and sharecroppers (1865-1868).

JOHN EHLE PAPERS, #4555, 1918-1994

Includes reports and correspondence regarding the North Carolina College for Negroes and materials pertaining to his 1965 book, The Free Men. As a special assistant to North Carolina Governor Terry Sanford, 1963-1964, he worked on several desegregation and anti-poverty projects.

JONATHAN ELIOT PAPERS, #1659, 1799; 1817; 1876

Includes a slave bill of sale, 1799.

ELIZAFIELD PLANTATION RECORD, #3213, 1831-1861

Journal of the Elizafield Plantation, Glynn County, Georgia, which belonged to the rice planter Hugh Fraser Grant. Includes slave lists, records of goods distributed to slaves, slave birth and death lists, and a list of slaves who contracted measles in 1852. Microfilm available.

ALEXANDER ELLIOT PAPERS, #4596, 1769-1909

Primarily correspondence of Elliot, lumberman of Fayetteville, Cumberland County, North Carolina, who also served as a colonel in the militia and was a member of the North Carolina House of Commons, 1824-1825, and the North Carolina Senate, 1826. Contained in the collection are bills and receipts documenting the purchase and sale of slaves. Correspondence covers various topics including the possibility of slave insurrections in Mississippi and North Carolina (1840s).

HABERSHAM ELLIOTT PAPERS, #2510, 1820-1898

The collection contains the papers of Elliot's mother-in-law, Mary Esther (Huger) Huger, which includes a plantation record book (1858-1863) and her essays on slavery and the Civil War (undated). Scattered family correspondence refers to African Americans in the New Congress in Washington DC (1866) and to an African-American politician in Charleston (1868). Microfilm available.

ELLIOTT AND GONZALES FAMILY PAPERS, #1009, 1701-1898

Correspondence, financial and legal papers, account books and writings of the Elliott and Gonzales families of Beaufort and Colleton Districts, South Carolina. Correspondence covers various topics, including a slave rebellion (1822); buying and selling of slaves (1827); hiring out of slaves; attitudes of Northerners and Southerners toward slavery and slaveholders (1847); plantation management (1848, 1849); the refusal of slaves to work, concern that slaves would run away to the Union Army, and efforts to recapture runaway slaves (1861); and a comparison of the black and white work ethic. Financial and legal papers contain slave bills of sale and slave lists (1855, 1863). The collection also includes a memorandum book listing names, probably of slaves (1859); a plantation journal listing slaves bought with the plantation (1840-1851); and letters written by slaves who were drivers on plantations (1848-1849). Microfilm available.

HENRY ALDERSON ELLISON PAPERS, #1432, 1848-1882

Slave records and other papers relating to the family of Ellison, planter of Baldwin County, Alabama. The collection includes a 16-page notebook containing lists of slaves belonging to Ellison and records of their hire to other planters (1848, 1858-1860). The collection also contains a letter from Abram M. Allen, an Ellison slave freed before the Civil War, in which Allen advises his former owners of his whereabouts and offers hope for the future (1864). Microfilm available.

ROSWELL ELMER DIARY, #4670, 1829-1830

The manuscript diary of Elmer, editor of the North Carolina Spectator and Western Advertiser, a weekly newspaper published in Rutherfordton, North Carolina. Diary entries include a description of Elmer's meeting of a group of slaves en route to Alabama where they were to be sold (1829), and of the general disappointment in Rutherfordton when a slave, convicted of an unspecified crime, was exiled from the town rather than hanged (1829).

GEORGE PHIFER ERWIN PAPERS, #246, 1779-1931

Correspondence, legal, and financial papers of Erwin, Confederate officer, accountant, and bank president of Burke County, North Carolina, and of related families. The collection includes slave deeds of sale (1779-1856); correspondence referring to the health of slaves in Burke County and concerns over slaves mining gold in California (1852); and letters discussing a possible slave rebellion (1857-1861).

SAMUEL J. ERVIN JR. PAPERS, #3847, 1954-1974

North Carolina lawyer, jurist, legislator, U.S. Senator, and champion of civil liberties. ERVIN opposed civil rights legislation for African Americans as a violation of the Constitution. Series 2 of his Senate files contains six boxes of materials pertaining to civil rights.

WILLIAM ETHELBERT ERVIN JOURNALS, #247, 1839-1856

Plantation diaries of ERVIN, cotton planter and owner of Liberty Hall Plantation in Landaus County, Mississippi. Entries record slave birth and death dates, information on buying and selling slaves, the hire of slaves owned by others, distribution of blankets, hats, and other clothing to slaves, payments made to slaves for their "Christmas work," and occasional accounts of the amount of cotton picked by slaves. ERVIN also wrote rules for slave conduct and punishment, including guidelines on the handling of quarrels, the duties of husbands and wives, absence from the plantation, and curfew (1847). Microfilm available.

MARK FOSTER ETHRIDGE PAPERS, #3842, 1913-1981

Professional correspondence and speeches of Ethridge related to his career in journalism, principally as editor and publisher of the Louisville, Kentucky, Courier-Journal and Times; editor of New York Newsday; and instructor in journalism at the University of North Carolina. Letters concern American race problems in general (1933); civil liberties in regard to African Americans, Jews, and the Ku Klux Klan (1939); the education of African Americans in Mississippi (1940); segregation in the South (1956, 1964); and the Ku Klux Klan (1964). The collection also contains Ethridge's personal notes on civil rights (Folder 166) and copies of his speeches, such as "America's Obligation to Its Negro Citizens" (1937), a lynching speech (1940), "The Race Problem in the War" (1942), and "The South's Worst Qualities Have Come Out," which dealt with integration (1956).

EVAN HALL PLANTATION BOOK, #2347, 1773-1835

Accounts of Henry McCall of New Orleans for Evan Hall, a sugar plantation in Ascension Parish, Louisiana, and for another plantation in Lafourche Parish, Louisiana. Entries document the purchase of slaves. Microfilm only.

JAMES EVANS PAPERS, #248, 1826-1927

Personal and business correspondence and financial and legal papers of Evans, farmer, merchant, and county commissioner of Fayetteville, Cumberland County, North Carolina. The collection includes letters relating to the status of black Americans before and after the Civil War. Microfilm available.

HENRY WILLIAM FAISON PAPERS, #3789, 1770-1937

Chiefly business materials and personal letters of Faison, a physician and cotton planter of Duplin County, North Carolina. Business papers contain scattered indentures and deeds for slaves (1770-1859).

SILAS EVERETT FALES PAPERS, #3509, 1854-1865

Chiefly correspondence of Fales, a Union soldier with the 42d Massachusetts Infantry stationed outside New Orleans, Louisiana. Letters from his family discuss attitudes toward the Civil War and slavery, including comments on black regiments (1863). Fales' letters mention mulattoes and black regiments.

CHARLES ANDERSON FARRELL PAPERS, #4452, 1894-1977

Correspondence, literary manuscripts, clippings, and other materials documenting the career of Farrell, a Greensboro, North Carolina, photographer who contributed photographs for several University of North Carolina Press books. The majority of the material relates to Stella Gentry Sharpe's Tobe (1939), a book describing the life of a young black child and his family in the 1930s. Tobe was considered revolutionary literature as it depicted black characters favorably. The collection includes public reactions from blacks and whites toward the book.

FEDERAL SOLDIERS LETTERS, EDWARD PENNINGTON PEARSON JR. LETTER, #3185.48, 1870

One letter written by Pearson to his mother in Pennsylvania. Pearson provides a brief description of Raleigh, North Carolina, during Reconstruction from the point of view of a Union soldier and comments on the activities of the Ku Klux Klan.

FEDERAL SOLDIERS LETTERS, WHITTIER LETTER, #3185.55, 1862

Letter from Whittier, a U.S. Army soldier at Hilton Head, South Carolina, to his mother, Mrs. Polly Whittier, describing the Union camp at Hilton Head. The writer discusses local blacks and states his belief that the Union should employ them in some productive way (it is unclear whether the writer means as soldiers or as laborers). He also comments that local blacks would starve to death without aid from the soldiers and states that he had been informed by several former slaves that their masters had not beaten them as he had been told at home.

FEDERAL WRITERS' PROJECT PAPERS, #3709, 1936-1940

Life histories, written as part of the Federal Writers' Project, and related correspondence of W. T. Couch, the assistant and associate director for the North Carolina segment of the Project, 1936-1937, and director for the Southern region, 1938- 1939. The collection contains the life histories of approximately 1200 individuals, including many African Americans. Histories are arranged by state and subjects are identified by occupation. Microfilm available.

FELLOWSHIP OF SOUTHERN CHURCHMEN RECORDS, #3479, 1937-1986

Office files of an interdenominational, interracial group of southern church people (lay and clergy) seeking to apply the Christian faith to current social disorders in the South. While external changes in conditions caused shifts in emphasis and specific policies, basic interests lay in race relations, anti- Semitism, rural dependency, and labor conditions. Included in the collection are papers relating to new uprisings of the Ku Klux Klan and the arrest of Fellowship members in Atlanta, Georgia, because of an interracial student folk dance party (1948).

JOSEPH FELMET PAPERS, #4513, 1941-1989

Correspondence and files relating to the activities of Felmet, a pacifist and civil rights advocate. Letters relate to Felmet's application to take the bar exam in North Carolina, which was denied by the Board of Law Examiners who believed Felmet would not uphold the law where his moral convictions conflicted with state and federal legislation. The collection also contains files that reflect Felmet's activism, with an emphasis on his civil rights work with the American Student Union and Workers Defense League, and files relating to Felmet's arrests for protesting the draft, segregation in interstate travel, and the mistreatment of migrant workers. These files, obtained by Felmet under the Freedom of Information Act, were heavily edited by the FBI prior to their release. Photocopies and carbon copies only.

PHILIP RICHARD FENDALL PAPER #3153, ca. 1840s

Manuscript draft of a treatise or a long public address concerning the American Colonization Society and containing a description of the Society's objectives and results, policies, and enterprises. The unsigned draft is attributed to Fendall, a Washington, DC, lawyer and author. Microfilm available.

JOAN FENTON COLLECTION, #20015, 1973-1978

Anecdotes and tales about fishing and hunting, animals (Rooster and Buzzard, etc.) as told by African-American storyteller Howard Cotten, recorded by Joan Fenton in 1978; n.p. [3 reels, FT1159]. Henry Johnson, an African-American musician, performs five unidentified country blues songs with guitar accompaniment, recorded by Joan Fenton, Michael Levine, and Steve Wolf in Union County, South Carolina, 1973 [1 reel, FT1282]. Country blues, gospel, fiddle tunes, and ballads performed by Jamie Alston and Wilbur Atwater, recorded by Joan Fenton, Michael Levine, Steve Wolf, and Bruce Bastin in Orange County, North Carolina in 1973 [2 reels, FT1298-FT1299]. Dubs of field recordings of Reverend Gary Davis ["Blind Gary Davis"] originally recorded by John Cohen at Davis' apartment in New York City in 1952. Includes songs with guitar accompaniment and also features Reverend Peoples and Annie Davis [4 reels, FT1339-FT1342]. Interviews with and songs by Charles Williams, a washboard player from White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, and Nat Reese, a guitarist and blues singer from Princeton, West Virginia, recorded by Joan Fenton in 1978 [FT1493]. Recordings of an African-American church service with electric gospel music, biblical readings, chanted sermon, and congregational testimonies, recorded by Joan Fenton near Princeton, West Virginia, ca. 1975 [5 reels, FT1508-FT1512]. Interview with Elvie Johnson on topics including railroading, blues, and dancing. Johnson also plays songs with Travis style guitar accompaniment, recorded by Joan Fenton in Meadow Creek, West Virginia, 1975 [FT1514].

MICHAEL FERRALL PAPERS, #3880, 1818-1960

This collection contains a group of papers relating to the mobilization and service of the Halifax County, North Carolina, militia during the Nat Turner rebellion (1831-1832).

ROBERT STUART FINLEY PAPERS, #3685, 1862-1867

Civil War letters and miscellaneous military and other papers of Finley, a soldier in the 30th Illinois Infantry serving in Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Georgia. One letter discusses black soldiers coming under fire in Tennessee (1862).

FITZGERALD FAMILY PAPERS, #4177, 1864-1954

Diaries, a sketchbook, and personal records of Robert George Fitzgerald, sailor and soldier in the Union Navy and in the 5th Massachusetts Colored Cavalry and teacher in Virginia and North Carolina. The collection includes copies of Fitzgerald's pension record, his marriage certificate, and his father's manumission certificate. Fitzgerald's diary entries record the activities of black regiments and personal thoughts on the future for blacks in America; employment at a freedman's school in Amelia Court House, Virginia; views of the local African-American community; political activities; attendance at Lincoln University; and personal and professional affairs as well as those of the African-American community in Hillsborough, Orange County, North Carolina. Microfilm only.

BENJAMIN FITZPATRICK PAPERS, #3291, 1819-1892

Business, financial, personal, and political papers of Fitzpatrick, lawyer, planter, and politician of Autauga (now Elmore) County, Alabama. The collection includes receipts for purchases of slaves and a letter from Dixon H. Lewis discussing abolitionists (1841). Microfilm available.

ELANORE EULALIE CAY FLEMING PAPERS, #4169, 1836-1920

Business correspondence, receipts, and other financial papers of Raymond Cay, merchant and factor of Riceboro, Liberty County, Georgia, and personal and family correspondence of his daughter Elanore Eulalie Cay Fleming of Liberty and Harris Counties, Georgia. Letters discuss Yankee depredations in Georgia (1865) and the hire of blacks as seamstresses (1872). The collection also contains a family record that describes Salter's Creek Plantation in Liberty County, Georgia, the effect of war and Reconstruction on the plantation, and reminiscences of individual Cay family slaves. Microfilm available.

FLORIDA MEMORANDUM BOOK, #2172, 1864

Lists tools, food, and slaves furnished by various slave owners, perhaps for a public construction project, near Fernandina or White Spring, Florida. The context for the entries is obscure.

FORREST PAPERS, #2206, 1847-1898

Miscellaneous papers of French Forrest of Maryland, U.S. Naval officer in the Mexican War and Confederate Naval officer; and of his son, Douglas F. Forrest (1837-1902), officer in the Confederate Navy, lawyer in Baltimore, and Episcopal minister. The collection mentions freedmen in Texas. Microfilm available.

F. M. FORSTER (COLLECTOR), #261, 1741-1783

A collection of items related to North Carolina, including a slave bill of sale from Halifax County (1766).

WILLIAM STUMP FORWOOD PAPERS #260, 1836-1897

Correspondence, speeches and writings, magazine and newspaper clippings, financial papers, and photographs of Forwood, physician of Darlington, Maryland. Forwood, who attempted to justify slavery on medical grounds, served as president of various local medical societies and was the local historian of his hometown. Included in the collection are letters discussing the alleged intellectual inferiority of the black race (1857) and writings and speeches concerning slavery, including: "The Negro--A Distinct Species" (1857), "Notes on Ethnological and Anatomical Differences in the Races" (1861), and "Slavery the Cause of War" (1861-1865).

FOSCUE FAMILY PAPERS, #4643, 1753-1869

Correspondence, financial and legal materials, and miscellaneous items chiefly relating to the family of Simon Foscue, planter of Trent Bridges (later Pollocksville), Jones County, North Carolina. Legal documents contain a listing of slaves (1803); records of the buying, selling, and hiring-out of slaves (1831-1853); and several receipts for jail and apprehension fees paid to the sheriff for the capture of runaway slaves. Correspondence includes a letter concerning the hiring of a pregnant slave (1860); the flight of the Foscue family and slaves deeper South during the Civil War (1862); and a fragment of an account of the murder of the Keaves Foscue family by black robbers (1866).

L. H. FOUNTAIN PAPERS, #4304, 1946-1982

Papers documenting Fountain's 30-year career as congressman of North Carolina's Second District, an area that straddles the coastal plain and the piedmont in the northeast-central part of the state. Included are legislative documents relating to the North Carolina Black Caucus (1978); civil rights (including voting rights and segregation) (1957-1958, 1962-1971, 1973, 1975-1977, 1979-1982); and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (1971- 1972, 1977-1980). The collection also contains speeches written by Fountain on such topics as the Martin Luther King Jr. assassination (1968). Use restricted.

FOUST FAMILY PAPERS, #3860, 1920-1949

Papers and correspondence of an African-American family concerning daily life and activities in rural Alamance County, North Carolina. Letters from family and friends discuss personal and neighborhood news, earning a livelihood, and education. The collection contains student notebooks, test papers, and essays, and a group of papers concerning Edna Lee Foust's training as a nurse (1945-1949). Use restricted.

LEROY BENJAMIN FRASIER PAPERS, #4375, 1955-1980

Mostly correspondence, clippings, and printed material relating to the desegregation of the undergraduate class of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1955 by John T. Brandon and Frasier's sons Ralph and LeRoy Jr. Most of the correspondence is from friends and supporters in Durham and Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and nearly all of the clippings pertain to the activities of the Frasier sons at Chapel Hill and in later years. Also included are three photographs of the students on the first day of class at UNC (1955) and a letter of R. B. Frasier to his sons in which he reminisces about the impact of the incident on the lives of the Frasiers (1971).

FREDERICK'S HALL PLANTATION LEDGERS AND OTHER VOLUMES, #1422, 1727-1862

Account books from Hanover and York counties, Virginia, and from Frederick's Hall Plantation in Louisa County, Virginia. A letter book kept by Major John Snelson contains occasional references to slavery in Virginia and limited references to politics. Microfilm available.

FRANCIS FRIES PAPERS, #265, 1850-1925

Business correspondence and papers of Fries, architect, cotton manufacturer, and state legislator of North Carolina. Included is Fries' personal diary, which documents the construction and operation of his woolen mill in Salem, North Carolina, work chiefly carried out by slave labor.

FRIES AND SHAFFNER FAMILY PAPERS, #4046, 1848-1919

Largely personal correspondence of Francis Fries (1812-1863) and his family of Salem, North Carolina, and of his daughter, Carrie (Fries) Shaffner (1839-1922) and her husband, J. F. Shaffner (1838-1908), a Confederate surgeon in North Carolina and Virginia. Letters discuss Carrie Fries' social encounters with abolitionists in Philadelphia (1857) and news of the health, illnesses, and deaths among Fries slaves in Salem (1860). Microfilm available.

JOHN EDWIN FRIPP PAPERS, #869, 1817-1924

Manuscript volumes and papers relating chiefly to the plantations of Fripp, cotton planter of St. Helena Island and Chechessee Bluff, Beaufort County, South Carolina. Antebellum materials include slave lists and records of religious activities and illnesses among slaves (1817-1868). Postbellum materials contain accounts and copies of letters concerning free black agricultural laborers.

DAVID FUNSTEN FAMILY LETTERS, #1153, 1811-1902

Letters of the Meade and Funsten families chiefly of the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia, area. Included are Civil War letters and a letter from a former slave.

JAMES MCKIBBIN GAGE PAPERS, #1812-z, 1835-1868

Family and personal letters received by Gage, physician and horse breeder of Union, South Carolina. Correspondence contains discussions of opposition to abolitionism and includes a letter written by Gage's brother Robert discussing the difficulties he encountered in negotiating with newly freed blacks on his plantation (1866).

GALE AND POLK FAMILY PAPERS, #266, 1815-1940

Family and military papers of the Gale family of Jefferson and Yazoo Counties, Mississippi, and Davidson County, Tennessee, and of the Polk family of Raleigh, North Carolina; New Orleans, Louisiana; and Sewanee, Tennessee. The collection includes information on runaway slaves and the loyalty of slaves during the Civil War and of freedmen afterwards.

GALES FAMILY PAPERS, #2652, 1815-1939

Papers of and about Joseph Gales, his wife Winifred (Marshall) Gales, and their descendants, including manuscript reminiscences of their experiences as printers, publishers, and booksellers in England, as refugees in Germany, and as immigrants in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Raleigh, North Carolina. The manuscript volume "Recollections" relates the Gales' purchase of slaves for household, farm, printing, and later, paper making.

GALYEAN AND MUNCHUS FAMILY PAPERS, #4604, 1793-1890s

Family letters, financial and legal materials, and other papers relating to the Galyean and Munchus families of Surry County, North Carolina. An unsigned note in the collection laments the writer's loss of his slaves and investments during the Civil War (1860s).

WILLIAM GARRET ESTATE PAPER, #3558, 1867

Legal complaint of Eleazar Cumming, administrator, in regard to the settlement of the Garret estate in Wilkinson County, Georgia. The attached exhibits contain an inventory and appraisal of the estate, including mention of slaves.

JAMES AMEDEE GAUDET COLLECTION OF HOUMAS PLANTATIONS AND WILLIAM PORCHER MILES MATERIALS, #2334, 1785-1927

Family and business papers of Gaudet, secretary-treasurer of the Miles Planting and Manufacturing Company, which controlled thirteen large sugar plantations; developer of a New Orleans subdivision; and business representative of William Porcher Miles. Series 1 contains papers relating to the ownership of the Houmas plantations and other Louisiana property and includes lists of slaves and free blacks (1840s-1850s).

DAVID GAVIN DIARY, #1103-z, 1855-1874

Diary of Gavin, planter and lawyer who owned a plantation near St. George, South Carolina. The diary contains numerous references to slaves and free blacks, including the trial of men accused of murdering a slave (1856, 1857); slave sales (1859, 1860); a runaway slave whom Gavin originally bought because he owned the man's wife and family (1855, 1856); free blacks and reactions to a neighbor who associated with them (1855, 1858); and the murder of a woman by two free blacks (1866).

LAWRENCE GELLERT SCRAPBOOK, #4442, 1930s

A collection of tales told to Gellert by African Americans. Entitled Tales of One Time I'shman Told by Southern Negroes, the volume expresses African-American experiences with Irish immigrants.

ALICE GERRARD COLLECTION, #20006, n.d

Over 300 reels of audiotape featuring recordings of several well-known African-American folk musicians including Elizabeth Cotten.

GIBSON AND HUMPHREYS FAMILY PAPERS, #922, 1846-1919

Chiefly correspondence relating to the Gibson and Humphreys families of Live Oak Plantation and Oak Forest Plantation near Tigerville in Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana, and of Sumner's Forest Plantation near Versailles, Kentucky. One letter, written from Yale College, discusses two speakers who presented lectures at the college on their opposing views of slavery (1854).

GILES FAMILY PAPERS, #3391, 1727-1886; 1906

Personal correspondence (chiefly 1780s-1860s), deeds, wills, and miscellaneous papers of several generations of the Giles, Reston, Jocelyn, and other related families of Wilmington, North Carolina. Correspondence consists mainly of family matters and business, and includes letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers and a letter from a former Giles family slave (1882). The collection also contains a copy of a proslavery speech.

CARL GILFILLAN COLLECTION, #20079, 1971

Five tapes of spirituals recorded at St. Joseph Mission Baptist Church, North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Recorded for the soundtrack of "The Struggle," for the Learning Institute of North Carolina. [5 reels, FT252-FT256]

GILLEPSIE AND WRIGHT FAMILY PAPERS, #275, 1735-1877

Chiefly legal and financial papers of the Gillepsie and Wright families, owners of thousands of acres of land and significant numbers of slaves in the lower Cape Fear region of North Carolina, especially in Duplin County. The collection contains slave bills of sale and other slave papers (1735-1861); tax-related slave documents (1801-1845); papers relating to a court case involving two slaves accused of stealing a pig (1825); and a note giving the average value of slaves in Cumberland and Sampson counties, North Carolina (1861). Other items include two undated acrostics by black poet George Moses Horton.

DAVID J. GILMER PAPERS, #4337, 1937-1945

Correspondence, writings, and other materials of Gilmer, African Methodist Episcopal Zion minister and director of the Trinity Mission, Greensboro, North Carolina, a shelter for the destitute in the 1930s and 1940s. The collection contains many "letters to the editor" for publication in the Greensboro Daily News in which Gilmer discusses racism, the treatment of mulattoes, interracial cooperation, social welfare, and other concerns about African Americans in Greensboro (1937-1945). Gilmer's other writings address immortality, race relations, and African-American education (1940-1944).

JOSEPH W. GILMER PAPERS, #1721-z, 1787-1846; 1865

Miscellaneous papers of Gilmer (also spelled Gilmore) and his family of Guilford County, North Carolina. The collection includes deeds, indentures, receipts, and a letter concerning the hiring-out of slaves (1846).

LEONIDAS CHALAMERS GLENN, #3052, 1752-1927

Personal correspondence and papers of the related Glenn, Wilson, and Torrence families of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Pennsylvania. Correspondence reflects the private life, professional activities, and opinions on public matters of members of the extended family, which included ministers, professors, merchants, and farmers. Papers discuss the emancipation of slaves (1797); opposition to slavery (1799); the purchase of slaves (1831, 1852); abolitionist activities (1834); and hired slave labor (1858). Also included are deeds of ownership of slaves (1810-1815).

GLENN FAMILY PAPERS, #277-z, 1792-1812; 1845-1846

Family correspondence of the Glenn family of Halifax County, Virginia, and Scotland. The collection includes a letter discussing a reward either for slaves or for capturing runaway slaves (1816) and a slave list (1846).

GOLDBAND RECORDING CORPORATION COLLECTION, #95002, 1940s- 1990s

Recordings, photographs, contracts, correspondence, promotional material, and other documentation relating to Goldband Recording Corporation, a firm operating in Lake Charles, Louisiana, since the late 1940s. The company has produced many African-American musicians and groups, in formats ranging from sacred music to rhythm and blues. This includes artists such as Boozoo Chavis, Count Rockin' Sydney, Cookie and the Cupcakes, Phil Philips, and Herman Guice. The work of blues, rock 'n roll, and swamp-pop African-American artists such as Clarence Garlow, Big Chenier, Guitar Junior, and Katie Webster are also present.

DAVID GORDON COLLECTION, #20164, 1963

Reel labeled "Singing by Plantation Negroes." Includes blues singing with guitar and gospel quartet singing with some solos. Gordon was from Mississippi State College for Women in Columbia, Miss. The recordings were presumably made in 1963 with a blues singer named "Jabo," but no other information available. [1 reel, FT1222]

WILLIAM M. GORDON PAPERS, #1610, 1820-1904

Financial, legal, and business papers of Gordon, James M. Wiggins, and Robert L. Hunt, of Granville County, North Carolina. The collection includes Hunt's receipts as treasurer of the Trustees of the Oxford Colored Baptist Church. Also included are apprentice papers for freedmen (1865-1866).

JOSIAH GORGAS JOURNAL, #279, 1863-1878

Journal of Gorgas, ordinance officer in the U.S. Army and later with Confederate forces. Entries include references to the political and social situations of African Americans in Alabama immediately following the Civil War. Microfilm available.

AUGUSTUS WASHINGTON GRAHAM PAPERS, #955, 1805-1936

Papers of Graham of Oxford, North Carolina, lawyer and state legislator, president of the American Cotton Exchange, and trustee of the University of North Carolina. The collection includes material on a home for African-American orphans in Oxford.

FRANK PORTER GRAHAM PAPERS, #1819, 1908-1972

Correspondence, congressional and campaign files, speeches and writings, notes, photographs, sound recordings, and other materials documenting the personal and professional life of Graham, president of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; senator from North Carolina; United Nations representative in the dispute between India and Pakistan and in various other capacities, including the war against the Dutch for Indonesian independence, during the New Deal, World War II, and the Cold War. The papers reflect Graham's interest and activities in race relations and civil rights. Numerous documents relate to North Carolina and national race relations.

JOSEPH GRAHAM PAPERS, #284, 1769-1864

This collection consists mainly of narratives documenting the history of the Revolutionary War in western North Carolina by Army officer Graham of Lincoln County, North Carolina. Included is the book The New Annual Register of History, Politics, and Literature for the year 1782 (London: 1783), which contains notations listing slave names and birth dates from 1769-1864. The records were made by Graham and by his son-in-law Robert Hall Morrison. In part photocopies.

WILLIAM ALEXANDER GRAHAM PAPERS, #285, 1750-1940

Letters and papers of Graham of Hillsborough, North Carolina, lawyer, legislator, U.S. Senator, Secretary of the Navy, Whig vice-presidential candidate, and Confederate senator. The collection contains slave lists; slave bills of sale (1825, 1838- 1840); notice of a sale of runaway slaves (1829); and discussion of the Fugitive Slave Act (1850), Ku Klux Klan arrests in South Carolina (1871, 1873), and race relations (1871).

DUFF GREEN PAPERS, #993, 1810-1902

Correspondence, business records, and writings of Green (1791- 1875), entrepreneur, editor, and politician, and of his son, Benjamin Edwards Green (1822-1907), businessman and diplomat. The collection contains discussion of the Central African Colonization Society (folder 189) and of slavery, abolition, and emancipation (folders 223, 224). Microfilm available.

PAUL ELIOT GREEN PAPERS, #3693, 1918-1985

Professional and personal correspondence, drafts of plays, and other writings of Green of Chapel Hill, North Carolina, dramatist, author, and humanitarian. The collection contains information on race relations, African Americans in the theater and in literature; African-American employment; the NAACP; the North Carolina Committee on Negro Affairs, and other organizations.

GREEN AND JONES FAMILY PAPERS, #4268, 1819-1944

Materials relating to members of the Green family of Rolesville, Wake County, North Carolina, and to the Jones family of the Morrisville section of Wake County. The collection contains correspondence from Brian and Marcus Green which discusses the purchase of slaves (1852-1864).

JAMES HERVEY GREENLEE DIARY #1735, 1837; 1847-1902

The personal diary of Greenlee, planter, slaveholder, and Presbyterian evangelical of Burke and McDowell Counties, North Carolina. Entries document the daily tasks assigned to his slaves, some of whom were apparently skilled as coopers, cobblers, and tanners. Included in the diary are references to Greenlee's guarded views about the eventual abolition of slavery (1848); his support of proselytizing among slaves in order to train them as missionaries to Africa (1849-1852); and his and his slaves' reactions to emancipation (1865). Microfilm available.

GREENSBORO CIVIL RIGHTS FUND RECORDS, #4630, 1979- 1986

Materials relating to the three court cases stemming from the November 1979 Greensboro riot involving members of the Ku Klux Klan and the Nazi Party attacking Communist Worker Party demonstrators, including African Americans.

JAMES MATTHEWS GRIGGS PAPERS, #838, 1836; 1892-1913

Correspondence and other papers of Griggs of Dawson, Georgia, state circuit judge and U.S. Representative. Letters relate to Democratic Party matters and congressional activities, including congressional minority leadership and committee appointments (Folder 11). The collection also contains newspaper clippings about the Atlanta Race Riot (1906).

GEORGE TALMADGE GRIGSBY PAPERS, #4703, 1870-1980

Papers pertaining to three African-American families in Wake County, North Carolina, the McLean, Stinson, and Grisby families. Includes correspondence documenting activities of the families, school records, and involvement with the Wake County Baptist Sunday School Convention.

JOHN BERKLEY GRIMBALL DIARY, #970, 1832-1883

Diary of Grimball, a rice planter of Charleston and the Colleton District, South Carolina. Entries discuss, among other topics, slavery and free blacks. Grimball apparently employed at least one free black before the Civil War. Microfilm available.

GRIMBALL FAMILY PAPERS, #980, 1683-1930

Correspondence, plantation accounts, and financial and legal papers of the Grimball family, owners of Pinebury and Grove Plantations near Charleston, South Carolina. Correspondence discusses attempts to locate former slaves (1865); leasing of Grimball plantations, including Pinebury, which was leased to Adam Deas, believed to be a former slave of the Grimball's (1871); a Ku Klux Klan incident (1871); and the arrest of an African-American suspect in a shooting incident (1898). Financial materials contain bills of sale for slaves bought by Martin L. Wilkins and John Berkley Grimball (1826); lists of items purchased for slaves (1858); and a list of John Berkley Grimball's slaves who deserted to the Union Army (1862). Legal materials include an agreement with Henry Jenkins, a freed slave, to cultivate rice (late 1860s), and a lease with Adam Deas (1871). Microfilm available.

MARGARET ANN (META) MORRIS GRIMBALL DIARY, #975, 1860- 1866

Manuscript diary of Margaret Ann (Meta) Morris Grimball, wife of John Berkeley Grimball, rice planter in the Colleton District of South Carolina, with connections to the Manigault and Lowndes families of South Carolina and to the Morris family of Morrisania, New York. Entries were written from Grove Plantation (the Grimball's primary residence after the Civil War), and from Charleston and Spartanburg, South Carolina, and discuss plantation life; the use of slave labor to build a fort (1861); difficulties with slaves and anxiety about their safety (1862); and general wartime hardships encountered by the family and servants (1862). Microfilm available.

GRIMES FAMILY PAPERS, #3357, 1713-1947

Business papers and other records of the Grimes family, planters and cattlemen of Pitt and Wake Counties, North Carolina. The collection contains plantation records, personal accounts, and correspondence. Also included are papers of W. W. Meyers, U.S. Army surgeon with the Freedman's Bureau at Wilmington, North Carolina.

JANE GURLEY PAPERS, #1783, 1830-1841

Letters to Gurley of Windsor, North Carolina, from friends and relatives in Tennessee and North Carolina. Papers include two letters (1830 and 1836) from Matild Turner, formerly a slave in Windsor, discussing her new home in Brownsville, Tennessee, and inquiring after the people of Windsor.

JAMES GWYN PAPERS, #298, 1653-1946

Personal correspondence, financial and legal items, diaries and accounts, and other papers of the family of Gwyn and his wife, Mary Ann Lenoir Gwyn, of Green Hill Plantation, Wilkes County, North Carolina. Included are slave bills of sale (1844-1846); a memorandum of agreement between James Gwyn and several young free blacks (1866); and letters describing Reconstruction politics in North Carolina and Louisiana (1868-1877), and race relations in Tennessee and North Carolina (1898).

ELIZABETH SEAWELL HAIRSTON PAPERS, #1518, 1805-1943

Personal correspondence and genealogical data of Hairston, Virginia genealogist, and of other members of the Hairston, Penn, Wilson, and related families of Patrick and Henry Counties, Virginia. Letters discuss the condition of slaves (1852); black Union troops (1864); anxieties over newly freed slaves (1865- 1877); and agreements with Georgia freedmen (1865). Also included are several letters relating to George Hairston's military discharge during the Spanish-American War, which may have been connected with his company's involvement in an affray with an African American (1898). Partial microfilm available.

GEORGE HAIRSTON PAPERS, #4477, 1778-1919

Chiefly correspondence and business papers of Hairston, tobacco planter of Pittsylvania County, Virginia. Letters discuss plantation affairs, including conditions among slaves in North Carolina (1842-1861); antebellum free blacks in Philadelphia (1847); the well-attended execution of a black man in Virginia for murdering another black man (1844); the enrollment of black soldiers by Yankee forces (1864); a "Negro tournament" in Stokes County, North Carolina (1876); African-American voting in Virginia (1884); and accounts of crops produced by freedmen in Virginia or North Carolina (1866-98). Also included are a slave bill of sale and slave lists (1840, 1844-1865) and information concerning the attempt of Hairston's step-grandfather, Robert Hairston, to will his lands in Lowndes County, Mississippi, to a slave child he fathered (1844-1865).

PETER WILSON HAIRSTON PAPERS, #299, 1773-1965

Correspondence, financial and legal papers, plantation ledgers, and miscellaneous items documenting the business and personal affairs of the Hairston family of southwestern Virginia and north central North Carolina. Plantations documented include Sauratown Hill in Stokes County and Cooleemee Hill in Davie County, North Carolina, and other plantations in Surry and Davidson Counties, North Carolina; Henry and Patrick Counties, Virginia; and in Columbus, Mississippi. Papers include letters that discuss the buying and selling of North Carolina slaves (1787-1828); the health of slaves on Virginia plantations (1833-1834, 1837-1840); slave unrest in Virginia (1861-1863); and a tribute written by an African-American minister to Fanny Hairston upon her death (1937). The collection also contains slave bills of sale (1815, 1821-1826); lists of tobacco and corn picked by slaves in North Carolina (1842-1861); a letter to the Charlotte Observer from an African-American preacher expressing his views on servant-employee relations, organized labor, and the training of domestic workers (1930s); a typed copy of an oral interview of William T. Hairston, great-grandson of Hairston slaves (1865); slave registers and births (1815-1836; 1833-1850; 1850-1868; 1844-1864); copies of letters and legal documents concerning court battles over Robert Hairston's estate, which he attempted to leave to a slave child he fathered (1844-1864); and ledgers kept by plantation managers with freedmen (1866-1883).

HAIRSTON AND WILSON FAMILY PAPERS, #3149, 1800-1906

Chiefly personal letters and papers of the Hairston and Wilson families of Martinsville, Danville, and Staunton, Virginia, and of Yalabusha County, Mississippi. Family correspondence documents the westward movement of various Hairston family members and gives detailed information about household activities and management. Subseries 2.1 includes slave lists and labor contracts with freedmen in the Danville, Virginia, area (1865-1871), and Subseries 2.2 contains information about slaves on Virginia plantations (1831-1869). Partial microfilm available.

ELI WEST HALL PAPERS, #2443, 1841-1894

Chiefly personal correspondence of Hall, lawyer and state senator of Wilmington, North Carolina. Letters discuss family matters, slavery, local and national politics, the University of North Carolina, and the practice of law. Included are discussions of the Fugitive Slave Act (1850).

LIZZIE CHAMBERS HALL PAPERS, #4145, 1897-1938

This collection consists primarily of a scrapbook compiled by Hall, the wife of Dr. W. T. Hall, pastor of High Street African American Baptist Church in Danville, Virginia (1897-1904); vice- president of the Virginia Baptist State Convention (1908); and pastor of the Galilee Baptist Church, Roxboro, Pennsylvania (1913- 1928). The volume includes religious materials, memorabilia, poems and prayers, photographs, and family correspondence.

CHARLES HORACE HAMILTON PAPERS, #4344, 1920s-1970s

Professional and personal correspondence of Hamilton, rural sociologist with interests in rural life, the rural church, the rural family, rural health issues, the land tenure system, farm labor, internal migration, methods of population analysis, and social statistics. Before gaining a professorship of Rural Sociology at North Carolina State University, Hamilton taught at Morris College; the University of North Carolina; and Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Correspondence discusses, among other topics, interracial cooperation and African-American education.

JAMES HAMILTON PAPERS, #1489, 1781-1944

Personal correspondence, notes, and unpublished writings of, or about, Hamilton, nullification governor of South Carolina and diplomat of the Texas Republic. Included in the collection are Confederate government receipts for slaves and goods (1860-1865) and letters discussing the sale of slaves, the care of slaves during the war, and abolition. Microfilm available.

JAMES ROBERT HAMILTON PAPERS, #3923, 1878-1927

Scattered papers and letters received by Hamilton, District Court judge of Travis and Williamson Counties, Texas, Democratic Party executive committee chairman, and congressional candidate in 1926. Materials chiefly relate to Hamilton's political affairs and legal career, especially his charges to the grand juries of Travis and Williamson Counties concerning investigations of the Ku Klux Klan (1921-1922). Documents relating to this matter include a typescript of Hamilton's charge to the grand jury (1921); a typed report from the grand jury to the judge concerning a specific case of Klan violence (1921); and letters received by Hamilton following his charge (1921-1922). The collection also includes an undated anti-Klan poem and a postcard of a gathering of approximately 1,000 Ku Klux Klansmen and onlookers with the caption "Initiation--Dec. 8th, 1921--Houston Tex. Photo by A. Kluker." Microfilm available.

PHILIP GIBBON HAMMER PAPERS, #4527, 1934-1988

Correspondence, reports, clippings, articles, speeches, and other materials that document the professional life of Hammer, urban economist and city planner of Atlanta, Georgia; Washington, DC; and Palm Harbor, Florida. The collection includes information on civil rights (Folder 18); minority businesses (Folder 50); and interracial public education (Folders 62, 359).

JAMES HENRY HAMMOND LETTERS, #305, 1831-1845

Letters from Hammond, South Carolina governor, lawyer, newspaper editor, plantation owner, and congressman, to his wife Catharine. Correspondence discusses plantation life at Silver Bluff Plantation on the Savannah River and slavery. Microfilm available.

WADE HAMPTON PAPERS, #871, 1791-1907

Miscellaneous letters and papers related to the Hampton family of South Carolina. Included are notes on plantation life and slavery (1855); jail bills for captured runaway slaves (1829- 1835); and an undated note on the "Resolution of the Slave Trade." Microfilm only.

FRANCIS HANSON DIARY, #1446, 1857-1873

Typescript of parts of a diary of Hanson, minister at St. Andrew's Episcopal Church, Prairieville, Alabama (1857-1873). The diary records Hanson's religious activities at Demopolis and other places in Alabama during this period. Entries record church services, baptisms, funerals, and marriages of both blacks and whites.

WILLIAM HARGROVE PAPERS, #310, 1790-1930

Papers and an account book of the Hargrove family, planters of Granville (now Vance) County, North Carolina. Hargrove's account book contains birth records for Hargrove slaves.

WILLIAM CURRY HARLLEE PAPERS, #1550, 1685-1944

Papers of, and collected by, Harllee, U.S. Marine Corps officer of South Carolina. Correspondence includes discussion of the conflict between pro-slavery men and free black soldiers in Kansas (1853) and of slaves who served with their masters in Confederate Army camps in Virginia (1861-1862).

PINCKNEY COTESWORTH HARRINGTON PAPERS, #1705, 1829- 1893

Scattered business papers of James Harrington and his son, Pinckney Cotesworth Harrington, both planters of Franklin County, Mississippi. The collection contains a list of slaves, accounts with free blacks, and details of sharecropping agreements made with former slaves. Also included is a postwar letter from the daughters of one of Pinckney's slaves, who were trying to obtain documented proof of their parents' marriage. Microfilm available.

DAVID GOLIGHTLY HARRIS FARM JOURNALS, #982, 1855- 1870

Farm journals of Harris discussing the management of slaves on his Spartanburg County, South Carolina, farm (1855-1864). Microfilm available.

HENRY T. HARRIS PAPERS #4360, 1889-1943

Correspondence and sermons of the Harrises, an African-American couple active in the Baptist Church. Henry Harris materials relate primarily to his activities as a Baptist minister and book dealer, while Mary Ann Harris's papers concern her activities with women's missionary groups and a home for elderly African Americans. The sermons, written by Mary Ann Harris, pertain to missionary work, women's roles in the black community, and child- raising (1889-1929).

JOHN GIDEON HARRIS DIARY, #3499, 1859

Diary, 1 January through 31 December, 1859, of Harris, a Greensboro, Alabama, lawyer. Brief entries chronicle Harris's life in Greensboro, Havana, Eutaw, and Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and include references to the buying and selling of slaves. Microfilm available.

JAMES THOMAS HARRISON PAPERS, #2441, 1770-1896

Chiefly correspondence among Harrison family members, especially between James Thomas Harrison (1811-1879) of Columbus, Mississippi, lawyer and member of the Confederate Congress, and his father Thomas Harrison, landowner and officer in the Bank of South Carolina, and Thomas's brother Isham Harrison. Topics include the sale of slaves (1837). Microfilm available.

JOEL TANNER HART LETTERS, #2797, 1829-1864

This collection of Hart, a Kentucky sculptor, also contains an 1843 slave bill of sale.

CUSHING BIGGS HASSELL PAPERS, #810, 1809-1880

Personal papers, sermon texts, diary, minute and letter books, autobiography to 1848, and several lists related to Hassell's work as a merchant and Primitive Baptist clergyman in Williamston, North Carolina. The collection contains a book listing ordinations, baptisms and marriages Hassell performed, including those of African Americans (1844-1880).

LEELAND HATHAWAY RECOLLECTIONS, #2954, ca. 1890s

Memoirs of Hathaway's early life on a plantation in Montgomery County, Kentucky, his education, and his Civil War experiences as a lieutenant in the 14th Kentucky Cavalry. Hathaway devotes several pages to the justification of the institution of slavery (1834-1861) and mentions aid given him by his father's slaves in his preparations to join the Confederacy (1861); the shooting of Confederate prisoners of war in Maryland by black guards (1864); his reunion with a black Union officer who was a former childhood playmate (1865); and discusses at length the loyalty of one freed slave who remained with the Hathaway family after emancipation. Microfilm available.

HAYES COLLECTION, #324, 1694-1874

This large collection of manuscripts was collected from Gabriel Johnston and Edward Wood, two owners of the Hayes Plantation in Edenton, North Carolina. The Johnston series includes numerous letters with references to slaves and free blacks (1740-1865) and the Wood series contains correspondence (1865-1875) about African Americans during Reconstruction. Microfilm available.

COLLECTION OF HAYWOOD FAMILY PAPERS, #1290, 1752- 1967

Correspondence, business papers, legal documents, medical records, and miscellaneous items of the family of John Haywood, the first mayor of Raleigh, North Carolina, and of related families. The collection contains documents relating to the valuation of a slave who was accidentally killed while working on Haywood's house (1800). Microfilm available.

JOHN STEELE HENDERSON PAPERS, #327, 1755-1945; 1962

Letters, financial and legal papers, and other items of the immediate family and other relations of Henderson, member of the North Carolina General Assembly, U.S. Congressman, and lawyer. Slave bills of sale (especially prevalent in 1807); receipts, mercantile account statements, and other business papers constitute the bulk of the material before the 1840s, while personal correspondence makes up the bulk of the collection by the 1860s. Included are a list documenting the hiring of slaves (1850) and a copy of a will discussing sending freed slaves to Liberia (1841). Letters from Anderson Henderson, a slave who was hired out to another family (1849, 1857, 1865) and a letter from Isabella, a slave complaining about being hired out to a black mistress (n.d.). Other letters discuss Archibald Henderson's attempts to recover runaway slaves (1847); a proslavery speech delivered by Georgia senator Robert Toombs in Boston (1856); Reconstruction politics (1860s); an attack on two whites by a "drunken infuriated negro" (1890); accusations that three black men had murdered a white man near Salisbury and the possibility that troops would be required to prevent a lynching (1906); and the movement of white women in Massachusetts from domestic to munitions factory positions, a move which left maid positions open to black women (1916).

WILLIAM F. HENDERSON PAPERS, #4302, 1828-1859

Business and personal letters of Henderson, a physician of Williamsboro, North Carolina. Two brief letters concern the leasing of Henderson's slaves.

GUSTAVUS A. HENRY PAPERS, #1431, 1804-1895

Family correspondence of Henry, lawyer, cotton planter, and Whig orator. Included are letters which describe Henry's sentiments on lynching (1835) and comments on his slaves in Mississippi and Arkansas. Microfilm available.

HENTZ FAMILY PAPERS, #332, 1782-1932

Personal, medical, financial, and legal papers, diaries, and autobiographies of members of the Hentz family of France, Alabama, and Florida. An autobiography (1827-1893) includes comments on northern impressions of slavery; the medical treatment of plantation slaves in Florida; the punishment of slaves in Florida; black Union troops in the Civil War; the murder of a white sheriff by four black men and their subsequent trial and execution; northern schoolteachers and their treatment of freedmen in Florida; and the murder of a white man by a freedman and the arrest and lynching of the latter in Florida. Partial microfilm available.

HILARY ABNER HERBERT PAPERS, #2481, 1864-1931

Correspondence, writings, and scrapbooks of Herbert, Alabama and Washington, DC, lawyer, author, Democratic U.S. representative, and Secretary of the Navy. After 1903 much of the correspondence focuses on race relations in the South. Included are letters which discuss Herbert's efforts to bring Theodore Roosevelt and the South to an accord on southern race relations, to promote intersectional understanding, and to explain the South's "Negro problem" (1904-1909). Other letters address national government's domestic race policies (1904); Reconstruction and southern racial issues (1904-1905); and the employment of blacks by the Georgia Railroad (1909). The collection also contains Herbert's "Reminiscences", which express his thoughts on slavery and abolitionists (1903, 1917), and popular reactions to his book, The Abolition Crusade and its Consequences. Microfilm available.

HEYWARD AND FERGUSON FAMILY PAPERS, #2754, 1806-1923

Miscellaneous family papers, including recollections of Samuel Wragg Ferguson (1834-1917) and the family correspondence and plantation records of Nathanial Heyward (1766-1851), whose estate included 45,000 acres of low country plantations and over 2,000 slaves. Letters discuss whites and blacks emigrating to the old Southwest, to the detriment of South Carolina (1837); the South Carolina legislature and difficulties caused by the interference of northern abolitionists (1844); the shooting of a slave (1855); moving slaves from Wateree, South Carolina, to Charleston, South Carolina, for safekeeping (1861); a slave who accompanied Nathaniel Heyward to the Civil War (1862); and the hiring of freedmen as sharecroppers and labor conditions (1865). The collection also includes slave lists and bills of sale (1851- 1858); a physicians bill for the care of slaves (1862); and contracts with freedmen (1865). Microfilm available.

WILLIAM P. HILL DIARY, #3159, 1846-1849

Hill's diary records his activities as an itinerant Baptist preacher in South Carolina, including scattered references to white and African-American congregations. Some of the places he preached include: Mabynton, Camden, Darlington, Society Hill, Cheraw, Spartanburg Court House, Orangeburg, Savannah River Association Meeting, Hamburg, Aiken, Columbia, Stateburg, and Chester.

HILL PRIZE ESSAYS, #3565, 1895; 1899; 1903

Manuscripts of winners of a prize for best essay on North Carolina history by a University of North Carolina student. Included are Charles F. Tomlinson's essay, "N.C. Manumission Society" (1895), and R. D. W. Conner's essay, "Ku Klux Klan in North Carolina" (1899).

GLEN HINSON COLLECTION, #92080, ca.1940-1977

Roughly 70 items, including gospel sheet music and songbooks, from the Chicago publishing firms of Martin-Morris and William Walker.

MARY HILLARD HINTON PAPERS, #3625, 1883-1929

Primarily personal letters to Hinton of Raleigh, North Carolina, editor of the North Carolina Booklet, a quarterly of historical articles. The collection also includes Hinton's article, "A Type of the Old South," which was a description of the Southern slave.

GLENN HINSON COLLECTION, #20045, n.d

Collection containing diverse materials relating to African- American lifeways, traditions, religion, and folklore. A UNC-CH Department of Anthropology professor, Hinson has worked extensively with African-American communities, church groups, and folk artists in North Carolina. The collection includes some of Hinson's own field recordings, papers and recordings generated by students and class projects, and ephemera and sheet music relating to African-American artists whether secular (blues) or sacred (gospel).

HOBBES AND MENDENHALL FAMILY PAPERS, #2493, 1787- 1949

Family and personal letters concerning the political and religious activities, travels, and careers of the Mendenhall and Hobbs families of Guilford County, North Carolina. Included are letters regarding the Mendenhall's aid to North Carolina slaves attempting to escape to a free state (1864) and North Carolina state appropriations for schools for freedmen (1891). Partial microfilm available.

HAMILTON H. HOBGOOD PAPERS, #4246, 1970s-1980s

Papers of Hobgood, a former North Carolina judge. Includes Joan Little trial records, speeches, and related materials. Little was an African-American prisoner accused and acquitted of murdering a white jailer in Washington, North Carolina, in 1975.

LUTHER HARTWELL HODGES PAPERS, #3698, 1947-1969

Scrapbooks of clippings from North Carolina newspapers relating to the public life and interests of Hodges while he was lieutenant governor and governor of North Carolina. The collection contains several clippings, papers, and letters regarding desegregation in North Carolina and Arkansas (1954-1961, 1957-1958).

WILLIAM ALEXANDER HOKE PAPERS, #345, 1750-1925

Professional and personal correspondence, records, grants, deeds, wills, and other materials of Hoke, a Lincolnton, North Carolina, jurist, Democrat, justice, and chief justice, and of the Hoke, Alexander, and Wilson families. Papers relate to the raid on Harper's Ferry (1859); abolitionists (n.d.); the hiring of slaves (1865); and the activities of the Ku Klux Klan in North Carolina (1872, 1874). Included are slave bills of sale (1820s- 1850s); the reminiscences of Sallie Badger Hoke of Julia, a former slave nurse who had belonged to the Hoke family (1890s); and a register of the African-American Sunday School at St. Luke's, Lincolnton, North Carolina (1880s-1890s).

WILLIAM HENRY HOLCOMBE DIARY AND AUTOBIOGRAPHY, #1113, 1855, 1892

Autobiography and diary of Holcombe, homeopathic physician in Natchez, Mississippi. The autobiography (1892) includes information on slavery, abolition, and religion (1892) while the diary discusses "sectional antagonism" and incidents concerning slaves and freedmen (1855). Microfilm available.

HOLLOWAY AND SORRELL FAMILY PAPERS, #4652, 1777-1992

Papers and correspondence of the Holloway and Sorrell families of Leesville, Wake County, North Carolina. Some letters refer to African-American genealogical studies in North Carolina. The collection also includes the bylaws and constitution of the African-American Historical and Genealogical Society (1985- 1989).

WILMOT STUART HOLMES COLLECTION, #1525, 1781-1932

Business papers of Eliza F. Holmes of Washington Plantation, South Carolina, executrix of the estate of her husband, Henry McCall Holmes. Includes information on a bond given by Daniel Heyward before the Civil War for payment for a group of slaves. The collection contains personal writings that discuss slaves (1850s). Microfilm available.

ERWIN ALLEN HOLT PAPERS, #3551, 1935-1968

Papers of Holt, a Burlington, North Carolina, textile executive , related to racial segregation, the perceived Jewish control of the Federal Government, strict interpretation of the Constitution, the Status of Forces Agreement, Communism in the U.S., and Hawaiian statehood. Included is Holt's correspondence with others interested in preventing racial integration, and papers from conservative organizations such as the American Nationalist, the Grass Roots League, the Patriots of North Carolina, and North Carolina Defender of State's Rights, Inc. (1955-1961).

CAROLINE MALLETT HOOPER PAPERS, #3478, 1835-1880

Family correspondence of Hooper, including one letter that discusses the religious faith of Charles P. Mallet's North Carolina slaves (1853). Microfilm available.

JOHN DEBERNIERE HOOPER PAPERS, #835, 1778-1911

Papers of Hooper (1811-1886), student, tutor, and professor at the University of North Carolina and teacher in several North Carolina towns. Collection contains a letter concerning a threatened slave insurrection near Wilmington, North Carolina (1831) and near Montgomery, Alabama (1860).

HORLBECK FAMILY BOOK, #3672, 1853-1920

One volume used by John, Henry, Daniel, and Edward Horlbeck of Charleston, South Carolina, as an inventory of slave and real estate holdings in Charleston District, South Carolina, 1853-1854. Slave lists include names, ages, mode of acquisition, values, and some death dates (1854). Microfilm available.

ROBERT BURTON HOUSE PAPERS, #3581, 1916-1973

Correspondence, writings, and other materials chiefly relating to House's administrative career as executive secretary, dean of administration, and chancellor of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Much of the correspondence concerns administrative problems, but letters also express House's views on race relations. Included are House's complaints to the Carolina Coach Company, North Carolina Corporation Commission, and the police chief of Durham, North Carolina, after he and his wife were offended by the presence of "a drunken Negro" while taking a bus trip from Durham to Chapel Hill (1932). Also present is a letter in which House states "there is no immediate answer to the Negro situation. If the newspapers didn't have to get up a story, there would be nothing sensational in the whole thing" (1951).

CHARLES HOWARD FAMILY, #3256, 1825-1901

Reminiscences, written about 1910, by the children of Charles Howard (1794-1875) of Springfield, Massachusetts. Includes accounts of Thomas Dwight Howard (1826-1910), white chaplain to blacks in the Sea Islands of South Carolina (1860-1864) and to black army troops in Louisiana (1864-1866), Wisconsin (1866-1869), and Massachusetts (1870-1874).

HOWARD FAMILY PAPERS, #355, 1856-1917

Largely Civil War letters received by a Texas family from sons serving with a Texas brigade in Virginia. Includes letters (1911- 1917) received by the Priestly family of Louisiana from former slave Graham Priestly of New Orleans.

EDWARD VARNON HOWELL PAPERS, #1060, 1725-1929

Personal and professional correspondence and collected North Carolina historical manuscripts of Howell, founder of the University of North Carolina's School of Pharmacy and its dean for 33 years. Included are slave bills of sale (1798, 1800, 1831); slave lists (n.d.); and a letter quoting the price of slaves in Alabama (1845).

ROBERT PHILIP HOWELL MEMOIRS, #1959, 1854-1872

Memoirs of Howell of Goldsboro, North Carolina, relating to his education at Trinity College and at the University of North Carolina; his service with the Confederate Army in Virginia and North Carolina; Reconstruction disturbances; and his social life. The collection includes discussions of the behavior of emancipated North Carolina slaves, the Ku Klux Klan in Mississippi, and elderly African Americans in North Carolina. Typed transcript only.

HUBARD FAMILY PAPERS, #360, 1741-1953

Business and personal papers of the family of Edmund Wilcox Hubard, planter, militia officer, state legislator, and U.S. representative of Virginia. Materials include slave lists and documents of slave sales and valuations (1782, 1790, 1818, 1826); letters offering to buy or sell a slave in order to prevent the separations of married couples (1830); letters discussing emancipation (1832, 1854-1860) and plans for promoting the moral and religious uplift of slaves (1856); and a legislative bill for sending free blacks out of the country (1832). The collection also contains papers relating to the Freedmen's Bureau and arrangements for hiring African Americans (1865), and discussions of the treatment of African Americans by whites in the workplace (1871).

FRANKLIN A. HUDSON DIARY, #2290, 1852-1859

Seven volumes of a diary kept by Hudson, who owned Blythwood Plantation on Bayou Goula, Iberville Parish, Louisiana, in the 1850s. Hudson recorded plantation activities, including providing and caring for slaves. Entries refer to purchasing clothes for slaves, providing housing, and medical care. The diary also mentions a minister who came and preached to the slaves. Microfilm available.

HUGHES FAMILY PAPERS, #2779, 1790-1910

Family correspondence, legal and financial papers, and miscellaneous items of the Hughes family of Edgefield, South Carolina, and of their Bones, Hunt, Christie, and Nicholson relatives. Papers relate primarily to plantation life, discussing the legal status of a free black man named Joe (1818); the sale of a slave names Nace (1828, 1831); cholera among Louisiana and South Carolina slaves (n.d.); the travel of two family acquaintances to Africa as missionaries who were accompanied by 80 freed slaves educated and manumitted by a Mr. Carthbert of Savannah (1860); the hanging of 27 slaves near Natchez who were suspected of inciting an insurrection (1861); the efforts of the Freedmen's Bureau to force plantation owners to pay freed blacks higher wages (1867); and the death of a black woman resulting from childbirth (1867). The collection also includes a copy of an 1827 slave bill of sale for a young girl named Priscilla (1847). Microfilm available.

HUGUENIN AND JOHNSTON FAMILY PAPERS, #2439, 1827- 1877

This collection contains a microfilm copy of correspondence of the Huguenins and Johnstons, related families of Early and Sumter Counties, Georgia (1827-1866). The Huguenin material relates to plantation management and hiring of free labor after the Civil War. A plantation journal from the Huguenin plantation (1836- 1862) includes slave lists and detailed instructions to overseers. Microfilm available.

BEVERLY HUTCHISON PAPERS, #3272, 1854-1859

Letters to and from Hutchison regarding legal ownership of certain slaves and their hire in Loudon and Fairfax Counties, Virginia (1854, 1858, 1859).

IRON STATION (N.C.) PAPERS, #4073, 1852-1878

Papers related to the development of Iron Station, North Carolina, including letters received by L. S. Camp of Iron Station from his brother, a farmer in Centre, Cherokee County, Alabama, mentioning relations with black tenant farmers (1866-1878). Microfilm only.

JACKSON AND PRINCE FAMILY PAPERS, #371, 1784-1947

Family, business, and political correspondence, financial and legal papers, and miscellaneous collected items of the Jackson family of Virginia. Papers consist of personal and plantation accounts, day books, slave lists and records, and genealogical materials. Subjects discussed include the treatment of slaves in Va. (1784-1811). Partially available on microfilm.

BLYDEN JACKSON PAPERS, #4646, 1960-1991

The papers of Blyden Jackson, African-American author and English professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Material primarily concerns Jackson's career as a professor of English, but also includes letters written to his family in Bluefield, West Virginia, while he was a student at Southern University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana (1960-1963).

SALLY LONG JARMAN COLLECTION, #4005, 1826-1945

Genealogical data and ancestral papers gathered by Jarman of Halifax County, North Carolina, pertaining to the Mason, Gray, Long, Amis, and related North Carolina families. Included are a Confederate Army order to Nathaniel Mason to assemble his militia company in preparation for a rumored slave insurrection (1831) and a letter to Thomas W. Mason from his overseer concerning the management of Mason's plantation (1862).

ISAAC JARRATT PAPERS, #3514, 1832-1886

Chiefly family and business letters and a few financial, legal, and military documents pertaining to the Jarratt family of Surry (now Yadkin) County, North Carolina, and Montgomery, Alabama. Included are records of slave purchases (1833-1849) and a photocopy from the family bible which registers the birth and death records of slaves and former slaves of the Jarratt family (1831-1939).

ROBERT JEMISON PROCLAMATIONS TO SLAVES #2331-z, 1827; 1865

Two proclamations made by William and Robert Jemison of Alabama granting their slaves a share of plantation earnings under specified conditions. Typed transcript.

FELIX JOHNSON PAPERS, #3000-z, 1848-1862

Papers of Johnson, constable of Stewart's Creek township, Surry County, North Carolina. Included are two warrants for the arrest of blacks accused of stealing and sentenced to be whipped (1862).

GUY BENTON JOHNSON PAPERS, #3826, 1910s-1980s

Correspondence, subject files, writings, notes, teaching materials, and audio and visual materials of Guy Benton Johnson, a sociologist, who served on the faculty of the University of North Carolina from 1927-1969. Papers relate to Johnson's extensive cultural and sociological studies and projects conducted under the auspices of organizations such as the Institute for Research in Social Science, the Southern Regional Council, the North Carolina Council on Human Relations, the Phelps-Stokes Fund, and the Board of Trustees of Howard University. Project files include information on the Ashmore Project on desegregation of colleges and the "Participation of Negroes in Southern Life" study, as well as materials relating to the music and Gullah language of St. Helena Island, South Carolina; folk songs and legends, especially of John Henry; the Ku Klux Klan; blacks and economic reconstruction; crime in black communities; black churches; and racial ideologies among whites. Johnson's correspondents include a large number of black political leaders, journalists, and intellectuals, such as Will W. Alexander, Sterling Brown, W. E. B. Du Bois, Langston Hughes, Alain Locke, and Mary McLeod Bethune.

HANNIBAL AUGUSTUS JOHNSON LETTERS, #3086-z, 1865

Letters from Johnson, a federal soldier in South Carolina, to a friend, recounting the activities of the occupying forces around Charleston. One letter refers to arrangements of work contracts between blacks and their former masters.

JAMES A. JOHNSTON PAPERS, #383-z, 1845-1864

James A. Johnston was a merchant, planter, and slaveholder of Iredell County, North Carolina. The collection includes an 1845 slave bill of sale and four pages listing births and deaths, presumably of slaves (1825-1861).

WILLIAM JOHNSON PAPERS, #380, 1760-1888

Personal and business correspondence, legal and financial documents, and other papers of the family of Johnson, a Franklin County, North Carolina, planter. Included are letters discussing the hiring out of slaves (1825-1860) and slave bills of sale (1760-1813).

CHARLES W. JOHNSTON PAPERS, #2611, 1820-1853

Letters to Johnston, mainly from North Carolina, which mention the renting-out and sale of slaves and runaway slaves (1845-1851). Microfilm available.

GEORGE H. JOHNSTON PAPERS, #4273, 1861-1871

Papers concerning the Civil War activities of Union soldier Johnston, chiefly relating to the occupation forces centered at New Bern, North Carolina and St. Helena Island, South Carolina. Correspondence discusses the attitude of those in command toward black soldiers (1862); the issue of blacks and freedom (1862); and incidents of soldiers committing atrocities against the black inhabitants of North Carolina (1863). Microfilm only.

WILLIAM HALL JOHNSTON PAPERS, #4198-z, 1840-1846; 1861

Chiefly family letters of Johnston of Mount Vernon, Rowan County, North Carolina, who serves as a minister in the small town of Lafayette, Georgia. Included is a list of the values and ages of slaves belonging to the estate of Robert Johnston (1842).

JOHNSTON AND MCFADDIN FAMILY PAPERS, #2489, 1839- 1890

Legal documents and financial, business and personal papers of the Johnston and McFaddin families, landholders in Greene and Marengo Counties, Alabama, and in Noxubee, Winston, and Kemper Counties, Mississippi. Included are several slave lists (n.d.). The collection also contains contracts between Thomas M. Johnston and freedmen for agricultural labor in 1866 and 1868 on Canebrake (also spelled Canebreak) Plantation, Hale County, Alabama. Microfilm available.

JOHNSON SPENCER DISTILLERY ACCOUNT BOOK, #3890, 1792- 1850

A single volume listing accounts for the sale of brandy and other spirits by the Spencer family of Randolph County, North Carolina. The volume also include slave records.

JAMES HARVEY JOINER PAPERS, #1602, 1852-1924

Miscellaneous papers of Joiner, editor and publisher of the Talladega, Alabama, Democratic Watchtower. Personal and business papers include slave purchase records (1852-1860).

CHARLES RAPER JONAS PAPERS, #4528, 1806; 1918-1984

Congressional records and private papers of Jonas of Lincolnton, North Carolina, Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives. Correspondence relates to legislation and bills under consideration, particularly civil rights and public education (1950s-1960s). Charlotte's period of forced desegregation through busing is especially well documented.

CALVIN JONES PAPERS, #921, 1785-1929

Correspondence, financial and legal papers, personal documents and miscellaneous items of the family of Calvin Jones, physician, officer in the North Carolina militia, editor of the Raleigh Star, and owner of a plantation near Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tennessee. Letters discuss runaway slaves (1805, 1844, 1850); a rumored slave insurrection (1830); and freedmen in Georgia and Tenn. (1867). Other documents include receipts for the sale of slaves (1847-1850) and newspaper clippings containing advertisements for slave sales and runaways (1819).

GEORGE WASHINGTON JONES PAPERS, #1837, 1835-1884

Political correspondence and papers of Jones, clerk of the Lincoln County, Tennessee, court, member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Confederate congressman, and member of the Tennessee Constitutional Convention of 1870. Papers pertain to both Tennessee politics and national issues. Included is an extract from a letter from the Honorable Howell Cobb of Georgia, which expresses Cobb's opposition to the reopening of the slave trade and to government interference in the expansion of slavery into the territories.

PHILIP H. JONES PAPER, #1915, 1860-1930

Typescript by Jones of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, entitled "Reminiscences of Days Before and After the Civil War." The document relates Jones's perception of the aristocratic and cultured plantation society and the efforts of Louisiana whites to reestablish white supremacy during Reconstruction. Microfilm only.

JONES AND PATTERSON FAMILY PAPERS, #578, 1777-1933

Personal, business, and political papers of four generations of the Jones and Patterson families, merchants, manufacturers, and public officials of North Carolina. Included are slave bills of sale (1808, 1822-1823); a ledger documenting accounts with slaves (1817-1818); two books recording the allowances of slaves and servants (1858-1859, 1860-1866); and accounts of Rufus Lenoir Patterson's textile mill in Salem, North Carolina, which contain records of post-Civil War black labor.

JOYNER FAMILY PAPERS, #4428, 1817-1881

Correspondence, financial, legal, and business items, daybooks, and miscellaneous family records documenting the daily lives and plantation and business interests of members of the Joyner family of Franklin County, North Carolina. Included in this collection are accounts for hiring and selling slaves (1817-1881, 1855).

ALEXANDER JUSTICE PAPERS, #1308, 1750-1925

Legal and business papers of Alexander Justice, a New Bern, North Carolina, lawyer, and of his family. The papers contain slave bills of sale and records from Fort Macon for the Corps of Engineers which contain information on the quartering and hiring of slaves (1861). Partial microfilm available.

KEAN AND PRESCOTT PAPERS, #2851, 1779-1881

Chiefly letters of families and connections of R. G. Hill Kean of Caroline County, Virginia, and of his wife, Adelaide Demarest Prescott of Louisiana. Included are Civil War accounts, accounts of slave sales (1856-1858), and records of the hire of free blacks (1866). Some letters are written in French. Microfilm available.

ROGER KELSALL LETTER, #2419-z, 1773

One letter from Kelsall in Nassau, South Carolina, to his sister, Elizabeth L. Amelia Kelsall, at her plantation near Beaufort, South Carolina. Mr. Kelsall offers to buy his sister's slaves and move them to Nassau. Photoprint only.

KENAN FAMILY PAPERS, #4225, 1748-1979

Correspondence among various members of the Kenan family, chiefly of Duplin County, North Carolina, and Dallas County, Alabama. The collection contains a list of slave births, receipts for sales of slaves and other slave papers, slave patrol regulations, and references to slave riots and rebellions (1809- 1860). Microfilm available.

MARY HUNTER KENNEDY PAPERS, #3242, 1759-1955

Personal correspondence and papers of Mary Hunter Kennedy and four generations of her ancestors of Iredell County, North Carolina. Letters discuss domestic matters and plantation management, such as buying and supervising slaves (1824-1834); the prices of slaves (1835-1860); and problems with former slaves and Reconstruction policies (1866-1879). The collection also contains contracts for the sale of slaves (1812) and for the hire of slaves (1835-1860) and freedmen (1866-1870).

RICHARD MCKINNE KENNEDY PAPERS, #4212, 1828-1906

Correspondence and financial and legal documents of Kennedy and his family of Green County, Alabama. The collection includes bills of sale of slaves in Pickens County, Alabama (1845).

KELVIN GROVE PLANTATION BOOK, #2771, 1853-1868

One volume of James P. Postell's records of Kelvin Grove Plantation, St. Simon's Island, Georgia. Records describe the work routine of slaves (1853-1854), and include slave lists. Microfilm available.

MARY SUSAN KER PAPERS, #1467, 1785-1958

Personal correspondence, records, and diary of Ker of Natchez, Mississippi, daughter of cotton planter and American Colonization Society Vice-President, John Ker. Correspondence prior to 1852 discusses plantation management, such as the purchase of slaves. Ker's diary (1886-1923) documents the political and social climate of the period in Vicksburg, Natchez, and surrounding areas, and notes local lynchings; her relationship with black servants; political conflicts centered on race; the naming of a black to the position of postmaster; a prank played on black students by white Tulane students (1895); Ker's dismay over her niece playing with black children; a black baptism in the Mississippi River (1921); and holiday activities in the black community. The collection also contains John Ker's letters about colonization (1831-1849); a slave list and a list of clothes purchased for slaves (1858-1861); and several photographs of a black woman and her granddaughter. Microfilm available.

HOWARD ANDERSON KESTER PAPERS, #3834, 1923-1978

Correspondence, reports, printed materials, writings, photographs, and other items of Howard A. Kester, theologian, educator and administrator active in Christian movements relating to race relations, pacifism, and economic reform in the South. The collection documents his activities in various organizations including the YMCA; the Student Christian Movement; the Southern Tenant Farmers Union; the NAACP, for whom he investigated lynchings; the Committee on Economic and Racial Justice; and the Fellowship of Southern Churchmen, for whom he investigated opinions on and problems with desegregation (1955-1959). The collection also contains material reflecting Kester's duties as Principal of the Penn Normal Industrial and Agricultural School, St. Helena Island (1943-1948). Additional materials include his writings, such as his reports on lynching and farm tenancy; his financial records while he was employed by the Committee on Economic and Racial Justice; and conference programs for the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, Conference on Education and Race Relations, and the Southern Commission on the Study of Lynching.

JOSEPH BUCKNER KILLEBREW AUTOBIOGRAPHY, #3373-z, 1896- 1898

Autobiography of Killebrew of Tennessee, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Commissioner of Agriculture, and special expert for the Tenth Census, containing remarks on the hiring of free blacks in Tenn. during the years immediately following the Civil War and comments on the attitudes, problems, and wages of black workers.

ELIZA C. KILLIAN PAPERS, #251, 1856-1866; 1880; 1886

Personal correspondence of Killian of Killian's Mill, Lincoln County, North Carolina. The collection contains a letter from John Killian, a Confederate soldier, who questions the morality of slavery and condemns social inequalities (1864). Microfilm available.

JOHN KIMBERLY PAPERS, #398, 1821-1880

Correspondence and personal, household, and farm accounts of the family of John Kimberly, professor of chemistry and agriculture at the University of North Carolina and farmer in Buncombe County, North Carolina. Correspondence includes discussion of plantation slaves (1835); the sale of slaves (1837, 1864); and the difficulties of living under Reconstruction's land policies. The collection also contains a letter from a former slave written from Africa giving news of her family and asking about her former owners and friends in North Carolina (1859).

MITCHELL KING PAPERS, #400, 1801-1876

Correspondence, accounts, and legal materials of King, teacher, lawyer, and judge of the Charleston City Court, who owned property in Charleston, South Carolina; Flat Rock, North Carolina, and on the Savannah River, in Chatham County, Georgia. Correspondence relates to, among other topics, the danger abolitionists posed to the South (1848). The collection also includes numerous slave bills of sale (1801-1828) and a document emancipating two slaves (1850). Microfilm available.

THOMAS BUTLER KING PAPERS, #1252, 1763-1868

Correspondence and records of King, a planter on St. Simon's Island, Georgia. Family correspondence pertains to plantation affairs, including issues such as punishing a runaway slave, taking care of sick slaves, and the difficulties of raising children around slavery (1809-1859). Post-Civil War letters refer to running plantations with German and black labor in Mississippi and Louisiana (1866-1868).

EDGAR WALLACE KNIGHT COLLECTION, #3904, 1634-1950

Source material from various depositories collected by Knight, University of North Carolina professor of Educational History, in preparation for A Documentary History of Education in the South Before 1860 (1949-1954, 5v.). The collection includes letters, wills, petitions, personal diaries, and other materials concerning education and other cultural and social aspects of the antebellum South. Papers contain extracts from the minutes of the Commissioners of Free Schools in South Carolina (1856-1864); an essay by African-American writer and poet George Moses Horton (n.d.); and a letter to Horace Mann from John Stafford of North Carolina, expressing antislavery sentiments (1848). Photoprints.

ELIZABETH WASHINGTON GRIST KNOX PAPERS, #4269, 1814-1863; 1890; 1909

Chiefly letters received by Knox of New Bern and Washington, North Carolina, and St. Louis, Missouri. Included are references to several slaves working to pay for their freedom in St. Louis (1847).

GEORGE J. KOLLOCK PLANTATION JOURNALS, #467, 1837- 1861

Papers of this lawyer and cotton planter of Savannah, Ossabaw Island, and Clarkesville, Georgia, consist of plantation journals recording information about Retreat and Rosedew plantations and land holdings on Ossabaw Island. The journals contain detailed information on plantation management and refer specifically to overseers and slaves. Entries include descriptions of the daily work of slaves; lists of purchased and hired slaves; lists of slave births, deaths, and illnesses; records of allowances and goods distributed to slaves; rules concerning slave management, especially the prescribed number of lashings; and reference to a runaway slave. Microfilm available.

BENJAMIN LABAREE PAPERS, #2625, 1833

A letter from Benjamin Labaree, head teacher at the Manual Labor School at Springhill, Tennessee, to James G. Birney of Huntsville, Alabama, discussing the school and mentioning the cause of colonization. There is also a note added by Labaree's grandson, Leonard, on Labaree's meeting with Birney, reformer, legislator, and agent of the American Colonization Society, who advocated abolition by political action. Typed transcript.

LADY KNIGHTS OF KING DAVID. ROSE WAY CHAPTER (FAYETTEVILLE, NC) CHARTER, #410, 1903

Charter of the Lady Knights of King David, Rose Way Chapter, Fayetteville, North Carolina, an African-American women's organization associated with the Knights of King David.

DRURY LACY PAPERS, #3641, 1823-1903

Family and personal correspondence of the Lacy and Dewey families of North Carolina, primarily of Drury Lacy, Presbyterian minister, educator, and army chaplain, and of his daughter Bessie. Included is a letter from Drury Lacy which tells of "Negro parades" celebrating the victory of "Radicals" (1868).

ZACHARIAH LAMAR PAPERS, #2453, 1814-1836

Papers of Zachariah Lamar, planter of Baldwin County, Georgia. The collection includes slave bills of sale (1814, 1820, 1823). Photocopy and typed transcript only.

JAMES LAMKIN PAPERS, #3276, 1847

Physician's account of Dr. A. Neeson, Columbia County, Georgia, itemizing visits, treatment, and medicines for the family and slaves of Mrs. E. F. Lamkin (1847). Photoprint.

LEVIN LANE PAPERS, #3878-z, 1802-1858

Correspondence and other personal papers of the family of Levin Lane, presumably planter of Pender and New Hanover Counties, North Carolina. The collection includes seven bills of sale for slaves (1802-1825).

LANGDON, YOUNG, AND MEARES FAMILY PAPERS, #1558, 1771- 1877

Family papers, chiefly 1830-1860, of related Wilmington, North Carolina, families. Included are letters that mention the hiring- out of slaves (1821-1830); slave disturbances in Duplin County, North Carolina (1831); and slave bills of sale (1830-1831, 1835, 1842). Also present is a letter from former slave Romeo Young expressing his desire to return to North Carolina from Alabama (1860).

ALEXANDER ROBERT LAWTON PAPERS, #415, #414, 1774- 1952

Largely correspondence among three generations of the Lawton family of South Carolina, chiefly pertaining to the military, political, and business careers of Alexander Robert Lawton. Financial and legal materials include documents relating to the hiring of slaves and freedmen (1774-1920), and a plantation journal recording the effects of sicknesses among slaves in planting, the provision of supplies to slaves, and slave duties on a plantation near Robertsville, Beaufort District, South Carolina (1810-1840). Correspondence demonstrates Alexander Lawton's financial philosophy in relation to the purchase of slaves (1839); Sarah Alexander Hillhouse Lawton's wartime concerns over the safety of her slaves (1860-1862); the hiring of blacks and whites for farm labor (1866-1867); and race relations in postbellum South Carolina (1866-1867). Several speeches attributed to Alexander Lawton, including "Our Relations with the Negro" (1925) and "The Negro Problem" (1926), reveal his views on race relations. Microfilm available.

LEVI LAXTON PAPERS, #416-z, 1828-1890

Family and business correspondence and some financial papers of Laxton, merchant and postmaster at Collettsville (originally Burke County, later Caldwell County), North Carolina. Financial papers include slave bills of sale (1833-1835).

FRANCIS TERRY LEAK PAPERS #1095, 1839-1865

Diary of Leak, a Tippah (now Benton) County, Mississippi, planter consisting chiefly of the work records of plantation slaves (1841-1865). The collection also contains records of slave sales (1841-1865) and a description of a slave wedding, including the text of the ceremony (1856). Microfilm available.

LEAK AND WALL FAMILY PAPERS, #1468, 1785-1897

Chiefly business correspondence and accounts of John W. Leak, Rockingham, North Carolina planter; and family papers of his son- in-law Henry Clay Wall. Included are slave lists (1839-1845).

JOHN BERWICK LEGARÉ PAPERS, #1283, 1850-1853

Five bills of sale for slaves purchased by Legaré of Edisto Island, South Carolina, and a mortgage of the Legaré slaves to Eliza A. and Ann B. Peronneau. Microfilm available.

THOMAS LEGARÉ RECEIPT BOOK, #974-z, 1767-1774

One volume containing receipts written to Legaré by various South Carolina planters whose crops and other goods Legaré sold. Two receipts show that at times Legaré sold slaves on commission (1768, 1770). The collection also contains one receipt signed by Abraham Jackson, a free black, for cash received upon Legaré's sale of five pounds of Jackson's rice (1768). Microfilm available.

EDWARD MCCRADY L'ENGLE PAPERS, #425, 1834-1907

Legal, business, political, and family correspondence of L'Engle, a Jacksonville, Florida, railroad president, lawyer, and Confederate Army officer. Papers dated before 1866 often pertain to plantation life and slavery and postwar papers contain materials reflecting the political opinions of the conservative white element in Florida towards Reconstruction. Included are letters expressing the difficulty in acquiring slave labor (1857) and the fear of slave uprisings in Florida (1865).

LENOIR FAMILY PAPERS, #426, 1763-1936

Correspondence, legal, financial, political and plantation records, and personal papers of the Lenoir family of Caldwell County, North Carolina. Correspondence includes discussion of the buying, selling, and supervision of slaves (subseries 1.1 and 1.3); the containment of slavery (subseries 1.2), and references to free blacks in North Carolina (subseries 1.4). The collection also contains a letter discussing the exodus of North Carolina African Americans to the North (1875).

LESTER-GRAY COLLECTION OF DOCUMENTS RELATING TO JOSEPH CLOVER BALDWIN, #2993, 1838-1949

A photo album labeled "Negroes, born and bred on General Lee's Land, 1862," contains 17 tintypes and one carte-de-visite of well- dressed and formally posed black men, women, and children.

GEORGE W. LEWIS PAPERS, #4354, 1854-1897

Primarily letters of George W. Lewis, a dry goods merchant of Leaksville, North Carolina, and Jackson and Brandon, Mississippi. The collection includes letters discussing political ramifications of the emancipation of slaves (1865) and the participation of blacks in politics (1867).

LEWIS PLANTATION PAPERS, #2528, 1857-1916

Records of several plantations of the Lewis family of Hale and Marengo Counties, Alabama, chiefly those of Ivey Foreman Lewis. The collection includes work contracts with freedmen (1874-1878) and records of slave births and deaths (1857-1860).

WILLIAM GASTON LEWIS PAPERS, #2314, 1855-1911

Personal papers of Lewis, civil engineer, Confederate brigadier general, surveyor, and resident of Edgecombe County, North Carolina. Included is a letter from Farmville, Virginia, which discusses conflicts between local whites and free blacks (1865).

JOSEPH ADOLPH LINN PAPERS, #3163, 1839-1881

Papers of Linn, a Rowan County, North Carolina native who studied at South Carolina and Pennsylvania seminaries and served as minister of several North Carolina churches. The collection contains correspondence, slave papers, library records, lecture notes, and a diary. Included are slave bills of sale (1854-1856) and a draft of a death certificate for the deceased slave "Bill," drawn up by his owner in order to claim life insurance (1855).

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN LITTLE PAPERS, #3954, 1806; 1833- 1935

Personal correspondence, financial and legal papers, and various writings and miscellaneous items of Benjamin Franklin Little, planter of Carlisle Plantation, Richmond County, North Carolina, Confederate Army officer, legislator, dry-goods merchant, and delegate to the 1876 National Democratic Convention in St. Louis, Missouri. Civil War letters frequently mention the slave "Wiley," who accompanied Little throughout the War, and outline instructions to the slave "Henry," who managed Carlisle in Little's absence (1862-1864). The collection also includes a deed conveying slaves from one owner to another (1832); a valuation and division of slaves among the heirs of Thomas Little (1853); a cotton book with entries of slave lists and the amount of cotton picked (1853-1855); a list of slave birth dates (1850-1864); and an account book listing clothing allotted to slaves (1861- 1862).

GEORGE WILLIAM LOGAN PAPERS, #1560, 1861-1865

Records of Lt. Colonel Logan, C.S.A., of the daily transaction of military business and command of the 2d Louisiana Battalion in western Virginia. The collection includes papers relating to the use of local slave labor and a report on the condition of slave quarters at the Ft. Beauregard, Louisiana, camp (1862).

HENRY ARMAND LONDON PAPERS, #868, 1862-1877; 1887

Personal diary and letters of London, a Pittsboro, North Carolina, native and student at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. One letter describes the actions of a posse of University of North Carolina students to disrupt a camp of runaway slaves (1864).

ALVES LONG PAPERS, #2727, 1783; 1882; 1934

Miscellaneous papers including a letter from John Huske of Wilmington, North Carolina, to Thomas Burke concerning 18 mortgaged slaves (1783).

LORD FAMILY PAPERS, #2241, 1784-1890

Deeds, estate settlement papers, and scattered family correspondence, chiefly 1835-1877, of the family of William Campbell Lord of Smithville and Wilmington, North Carolina. Included are papers related to the division of slaves in an estate settlement (1845-1859).

KIP LORNELL COLLECTION, #20024, 1974-1975

Interview with Guy B. Johnson regarding his work collecting African-American folk music in the 1920s on Saint Helena Island, South Carolina and also about his research on the legend and song cycle of "John Henry." Recorded by Kip Lornell in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 1975. [2 reels, FT1317-FT1318] Also included are tapes documenting African-American musicians in the North Carolina Piedmont area recorded by Kip Lornell in 1974. Music includes blues and pre-blues secular music on fiddle and banjo; musicians include Dink Roberts, Wilbur Atwater, Jamie Alston, John Snipes, Joe and Odell Thompson, Willie Trice, Jack Minor, and Arthur Lyons. [8 reels, FT1396- FT1403]

LOUISA FURNACE (MONTGOMERY COUNTY, TENNESSEE) ACCOUNT BOOKS, #3560, 1831-1860

Account books of an ironworks that was possibly operated in the 1850s by Gilbert Taylor Abernathy of Pulaski, Tennessee. A ledger records accounts with black laborers at the ironworks (1854- 1860).

ALLARD KENNETH LOWENSTEIN PAPERS, #4340, 1924-1985

The personal and professional papers and writings of Allard Kenneth Lowenstein, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill graduate, political activist, lawyer, teacher, speaker, author, U.S. Congressman from New York, and U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations. The collection documents Lowenstein's deep interest in issues of race, especially in the Civil Rights Movement. While teaching at North Carolina State University Lowenstein participated in efforts to desegregate public facilities in Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and was a legal advisor to the civil rights movement in Mississippi. Materials documenting his activities and interests in civil rights include research notes (1940-1968); speeches (1951-1980); and interviews (1952-1980). The collection also contains manuscripts recording Lowenstein's involvement in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (1967-1980); Americans for Democratic Action (1947- 1957; 1966-1980); United States National Student Association (1950-1967); and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (1963- 1964). Included are papers relating to Lowenstein's opposition to apartheid in South and Southwest Africa (1954-1963).

WILLIAM LOWNDES PAPERS, #2778, 1754-1941

Papers of Lowndes, a South Carolina lawyer, planter, and U.S. Representative, and those of his family. Included are a letter addressed "Dear Master" concerning the care of crops (1817) and two letters that discuss slavery (1820). Microfilm available.

KATHARINE DU PRE LUMPKIN PAPERS, #4171, 1902-1988

Correspondence, writings, research materials, lecture notes and drafts, and other papers of Katharine Du Pre Lumpkin, YWCA national student secretary; research director at the Council of Industrial Studies, Smith College, and at the Institute of Labor Studies, Northampton, Massachusetts; professor of Sociology at Wells College, Aurora, New York; and author. The majority of the material relates to research interests, including race relations and southern history. Correspondence chiefly pertains to Lumpkin's writing projects, but also includes letters relating to her involvement with the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). Writings include articles on the Civil Rights Movement and the Underground Railroad. Microfilm available.

LYNDHURST FOUNDATION RECORDS, #4723, 1977-1990s

Operating broadly in the areas of health, education, and the arts, the Lyndhurst Foundation has supported institutions, local groups, and individuals in eastern Tennessee and throughout the South. Files relating to community health, minority improvement programs, and related materials are available.

MACAY AND MCNEELY FAMILY PAPERS, #447, 1746-1918

Personal and business papers of the Macay and McNeely families of Rowan County, North Carolina. Materials include papers relating to Spruce Macay's purchases of slaves (1786-1800); a deed of gift for slaves and a distribution of slaves according to Spruce Macay's will (1809-1825); slave bills of sale (1827-1856, 1863); slave lists (1791-1807, 1811, 1842, 1856); and slave accounts (1834-1846).

MACKAY AND STILES FAMILY PAPERS, #470, 1743-1975

Papers of Robert MacKay, a Savannah, Georgia, merchant, and of his family, including those of William Henry Stiles, lawyer, planter in Cass (now Barton) County, Georgia, U.S. Representative, and charge d'affaires in Austria. The collection contains slave bills of sale (1793); a letter concerning a possible home in New York for some free black and mulatto children (1829); records of sicknesses among slaves in Georgia (1839, 1862); business arrangements for the hiring of slaves (1860, 1862); comments on the attitudes of free blacks in Georgia (1865); mentions of slave sales (1801-1805); and slave records for Grange and Sedgebank Plantations of Georgia (1814-1861). Partial microfilm available.

ELLA NOLAND MACKENZIE PAPERS, #3667, 1841-1886

Family and personal correspondence of MacKenzie written and received while she was a schoolgirl in Virginia and Maryland, while visiting Pennsylvania and after her marriage to a Baltimore physician. Letters discuss a slave sale (1849) and the killing of a Virginia slave owner by his slaves (1856).

EDWIN ROBESON MACKETHAN PAPERS, #4298, 1794-1970

Correspondence and financial and legal papers of the family of MacKethan, Democratic politician, president of the White Supremacy Club, prohibitionist, mayor, and lawyer of Fayetteville, North Carolina. Letters discuss abolitionists (1860-1862); race relations (1890-1900); the disenfranchisement of blacks (1900- 1910); a court case in which a black man was convicted of raping a white woman and was sentenced to death (1901); and the funding of institutions of higher education for blacks in North Carolina (1925, 1929). Political papers and legislative materials pertain to black colleges and to the white supremacy campaign of 1900-1901 in North Carolina (1874-1929).

JOHN BURGWYN MACRAE PAPERS, #478, 1866-1916

Diary, letterpress copybooks, speeches, and miscellaneous volumes and papers of MacRae, a Jackson, North Carolina, lawyer and plantation owner. Diary entries describe daily events in Jackson, including MacRae's long-term relationship with a local black woman, with whom he had two children (1894-1897). The collection also contains handwritten versions of four political speeches given by MacRae, including a speech concerning "The Supremacy of the White Race over the Colored Race" (1866- 1905).

MANIGAULT FAMILY PAPERS, #484, 1824-1897

Papers of the Manigault family of Charleston, South Carolina, who held plantations in the Berkeley District, South Carolina, and Argyle Island in the Savannah River. Records contain information on slaves, slave auctions, and runaways.

MANLY FAMILY PAPERS, #4409, 1792-1933

Correspondence, financial and legal items, military papers, estate papers, account books, genealogical material, and other items relating to the family of Charles Manly, North Carolina governor. Personal letters describe the plantation mistress's relations with slaves (1850-1860). Financial items from 1854-1868 document the sale of several Haywood family slaves, the value of slaves, and terms and costs of hiring freedmen after Emancipation (1865).

JOHN MANNING COLLECTION, #1970, 1829-1899

Correspondence, financial and legal items, drafts of speeches and articles, and teaching notes, chiefly relating to John Manning (1830-1899), lawyer, U.S. Representative, and law professor of Pittsboro, North Carolina. Included are documents pertaining to slave disputes (1856, 1859).

MANUMISSION PAPERS #1294, 1778; 1829

One six-page manuscript from Perquimans and Pasquotank Counties, North Carolina, regarding slaves who, manumitted by Quakers, were subsequently abducted and resold (1778). The collection also includes records of expenses incurred in moving a group of slaves from Perquimans County to Indiana (1829).

MANUMISSION SOCIETY PAPERS, #2055, 1794-1845

Papers of Richard Mendenhall of Guilford County, North Carolina, concerning the emancipation of slaves and the emigration of free blacks, sponsored by a branch of North Carolina Quakers, to Haiti. The papers contain correspondence arranging the voyage, legal papers freeing slaves, passenger lists, and agreements and accounts concerning the ship and voyage. Included in the papers are minutes, letterbooks, a daybook, accounts, and a pamphlet from committees dedicated to manumission and colonization. Microfilm available.

LOUIS MARSHALL PAPERS, #3851, 1816-1878

Primarily personal letters concerning activities of members of the Marshall family of Kentucky. Included are references to the health and activities of slaves owned by members of the Marshall and Alexander families (1816-1878). An essay discusses the relationships between master and slave in Kentucky which presents an upperclass white woman's views of slavery (1865). Microfilm available.

JAMES GRUBBS MARTIN PAPERS, #4392, 1973-1984

Professional papers of James Grubbs Martin, U.S. Representative from North Carolina's 9th District, covering Mecklenburg, Lincoln, Iredell, and Yadkin Counties. Legislative correspondence, primarily between Martin and his constituents, covers, among other issues, bussing and civil rights.

JOHN S. MARTIN PAPERS, #3469, 1840-1864

Personal correspondence of Martin, itinerant Methodist minister in northern Virginia and in Baltimore, Maryland. The dominant subject of most of the letters is the division of the Methodist Church over the issue of slavery. Includes letters of John Rubb complaining about abolitionists (1840-1850) and descriptions of Methodist Conference debates on slavery.

JOHN YOUNG MASON PAPERS, #1546, 1843-1898

Personal and professional correspondence of the family of John Young Mason, a Virginia planter and lawyer, congressman, Secretary of the Navy, and Attorney General. Family letters from a Virginia plantation discuss the work, rental, and sale of slaves. Also included is a postbellum letter concerning Fanny Mason of Yorkville, South Carolina, who hired her former slaves after Emancipation (1866). Microfilm available.

NICHOLAS BRYOR MASSENBERG PAPERS, #908, 1823-1908

Records and correspondence of Massenberg, planter of Franklin County, North Carolina, and owner of Woodleaf and Egypt plantations. A farm journal contains slave lists (1834-1851). Microfilm available.

MAURY FAMILY PAPERS, #1788, 1788-1888

Family and business papers of Abram Poindexter Maury, U.S. Representative of Franklin, Tennessee, and of his brother-in-law Carey A. Harris, of Arkansas. Includes a letter discussing a plan for southerners to emigrate to Mexico with their former slaves as bound apprentices (1865). Microfilm only.

SILAS MCBEE PAPERS, #2455, 1872-1923

Worldwide correspondence with church and national leaders of McBee, native of North Carolina, active Episcopal layman, author, editor of The Churchman in New York City, and founder of the Constructive Quarterly. Letters concern McBee's editing activities; church organizations, conferences, and architecture; the University of the South; foreign missions; Christian world unity; and the application of the social gospel to American political and international affairs, including racial tensions. Contains references to missionary work among the black population (1899); lynchings and Booker T. Washington (1902); and black troops in the Civil War (1906).

ANDREW MCCOLLAM PAPERS, #449, 1792-1935

Correspondence and miscellaneous papers belonging to the family and connections of Andrew McCollam, sugar planter, deputy surveyor, and member of the Louisiana Secession Convention of 1861. Includes slave accounts that describe resistance during the Civil War. Ellen McCollam's plantation journal (1842-1851) contains extensive slave lists and a draft of a public statement by G. F. Connely and Andrew McCollam concerning Lincoln's election and the slavery controversy. Microfilm available.

WILLIAM PARSONS MCCORKLE PAPERS, #450, 1806-1922

Papers of McCorkle and of his father, Alexander B. McCorkle, both Presbyterian ministers of Alabama, Virginia, and North Carolina. Early papers include a diary kept by Lucila Agnes (Cambol) McCorkle of Talladega, Alabama, which contains frequent references to household slaves and relates an account of a slave insurrection in Talladega that resulted in the hanging of several slaves (1858-1860).

JAMES MCDOWELL PAPERS, #459, 1770-1915

Correspondence, papers, and writings of James McDowell of Rockbridge County, Virginia, state legislator, governor, and U.S. Representative. Correspondence covers topics such as McDowell's involvement with colonization societies (1820-1851) and views on slavery in the territories (1831-1851). Financial and legal materials contain an inventory of McDowell's slaves and an emancipation contract stipulating the freed slave's emigration to Liberia (ca. 1831). McDowell's writings contain several speeches and articles on slavery in the territories, colonization of Africa by slaves; the "Great Slavery Debate" in the Virginia General Assembly, 1831-1832; and miscellaneous notes on slavery.

MCELWEE FAMILY PAPERS, #2692, 1800-1893

Financial and legal papers, correspondence, clippings, and account books of the McElwee family of Statesville, Iredell County, North Carolina, and the Alexander family of Iredell County, Hardiman County, Tennessee, and Lowndes County, Alabama. Correspondence contains discussion of slaves (1861). An account book details the sale and hire of slaves (1850-1852).

WILLIAM MCKINLEY BOOK, #1911, 1832-1863

A bound ledger containing various accounts and memoranda of the business and activities of the McKinley family of Georgia. Plantation records include slave lists, slave birth and death dates, and prices paid for slaves (1850-1860). Microfilm available.

LENNOX POLK MCLENDON PAPERS, #4044, 1875-1968

The papers contain information pertaining to black troops in World War I and the desegregation of higher education in North Carolina.

JAMES B. MCMILLAN PAPERS, #4676, 1960s-1990s

Personal papers of the former federal district judge, including files pertaining to Swann v. Charlotte- Mecklenburg Board of Education (1969), which established busing as a national tool for school integration. Restricted.

GILES MEBANE PAPERS, #500, 1780; 1835

A land grant deeding property to Nathaniel Rochester of Orange County, North Carolina (1780); and a letter from Sam B. Taylor of Macon, Georgia, to Giles Mebane of Hillsborough, North Carolina, regarding laws for the settlement of estates and the high prices of cotton and slaves (1835).

MARY ELIZABETH MEBANE PAPERS, #4359, 1980-1984

Correspondence and other materials relating primarily to the writing and publication of Mary Wayfarer, the autobiography of black writer and educator Mary Elizabeth Mebane. (1981).

MERRIWETHER FAMILY PAPERS, #1800, 1737-ca. 1880

Correspondence and financial and legal papers of the family of Charles N. Merriwether, physician and farmer of Virginia, Tennessee, and Kentucky. The letters to Merriwether from business associates and family members describe slave sales. Financial and legal papers include a list of slaves given by Charles Merriwether to his son William in 1830. Partial microfilm available.

SYLVAN MEYER PAPERS, #4639, 1940-1988

Personal and business correspondence, speeches, notes and reports, subject files, and miscellaneous papers of Sylvan Meyer, Gainesville, Georgia and Miami Beach, Florida, journalist, editor of the Gainesville Times, the Miami News, and Miami Magazine, and founder of Meyer Publications. Several documents concern the role of the press in race relations. The collection contains a film entitled White South: Two Views. Note: Unprocessed as of 1995; may be used only with special staff assistance.

NATHANIEL RUSSELL MIDDLETON PAPERS, #507, 1761-1919

Papers of Middleton, a Charleston, South Carolina, plantation owner, treasurer of the Northeastern Railroad Company and of the city of Charleston, and president of the College of Charleston. In addition to standard family matters and the tensions of family life divided between North and South, letters and papers discuss managing the Middleton plantation, "Bolton-on-the-Stono" (1842); a slave death on the plantation (1845); a slave revolt in Charleston that resulted in the death of several slaves (1849); and political troubles arising between North and South. Included is a letter from Annie Middleton in which she describes reading Uncle Tom's Cabin and her resulting anti-slavery sentiments (1852). Microfilm available.

OLIVER H. MIDDLETON PAPERS, #2060, 1792-1876

Miscellaneous papers of Oliver H. Middleton of Columbia and Edisto Island, South Carolina. The collection includes slave bills of sale (1792) and articles of agreement between Middleton and freedmen and freedwomen on his plantation on Edisto Island (1863).

THOMAS MIDDLETON PLANTATION BOOK, #506, 1734-1813

The one-volume plantation book of Middleton, a planter on the Combahee River, which forms the border between Colleton and Beaufort Counties, South Carolina. The book includes lists of slaves owned by Middleton and by the estate of his father, Henry Middleton, as well as a copy of an act establishing a free school at Dorchester, South Carolina (1734). Microfilm available.

WILLIAM PORCHER MILES PAPERS, #508, 1784-1906

Personal, political, and official correspondence of Miles, South Carolina educator, U.S. Representative, secessionist, and planter. Topics of letters include the dismissal of a teacher at Wilmington Academy, South Carolina, who advocated an immediate abolition of slavery (1834); slavery in the South and Cuba (1857); the climate toward slavery in California (1858); a claim that territory, not slavery, was the main issue in the secession crisis (1858); the illegal importation and subsequent return of 305 Africans from Charleston (1859); runaway slaves (1859, 1861); the murder of William J. Keitt by his slaves (1860); changing British opinions on the South and slavery (1860); a comparison of black slaves in Haiti and the West Indies and Freedom settlements (1860); the case of Rachel Johnson, a free black of Native American descent, who was involved with a number of Charleston men (1862); a statement that the "gift" of citizenship and wages did not "change" blacks (1867); and the raising of money to pay for freedmen's votes in the anti-lottery election (1892). The collection also includes a copy of "Slavery and the Remedy" (1857). Microfilm available.

LETITIA DABNEY MILLER RECOLLECTIONS, #1844-z, 1926

Random recollections of Miller's childhood at Raymond, Mississippi, before and during the Civil War, including a stay in Charleston, South Carolina, with Varina (Mrs. Jefferson) Davis. Miller mentions slavery and wartime incidents.

JAMES S. MILLING PAPERS, #3583, 1852-1883

Chiefly personal correspondence of Milling, physician and planter of Fairfield District, South Carolina, and Bossier Parish, Louisiana. Topics include plantation life and slave relations; the South Carolina home front during the Civil War; and postwar adjustment. Letters refer to slaves on the eve of the war (1860) and freedmen (1866). Microfilm available.

CHRISTIAN MILTENBERGER PAPERS, #513, 1739-1841

Business papers, estate papers, records of medical observations, and family correspondence of physician Miltenberger of Louisiana, Santo Domingo, and Cuba. The majority of the material relates to Miltenberger's medical practice and to the estate of his father-in-law, Antoine Mersier, who owned coffee plantations and slaves in Santo Domingo. Included are slave lists and records of slave sales (1739-1794, 1802-1809); records of rentals of slaves (folder 43); records of slave illnesses and deaths (folder 43, 44); and undated letters concerning the treatment of an ill female slave. Microfilm available.

MINOR FAMILY PAPERS, #1564, 1763-1900

Business papers of three generations of the Minor family, cotton and sugar planters of Louisiana. Included are a few documents pertaining to Stephen Minor's ownership and use of slaves (1815), and several slave lists (n.d.). Microfilm available only.

MISCELLANEOUS ACCOUNT BOOKS, #4049.23, 1910-1936

Account book written by William Augustin Perry, the treasurer of the black parish of St. Luke's Episcopal Church, Tarboro, North Carolina (1910-1931). The account book contains information on money collected at services and disbursement made. There are also two letters of a social nature which were inserted in the volume (1835-1836).

MISCELLANEOUS BROADSIDES, #2874-z, ca. 1960

A miscellaneous collection of broadsides, including "An Appeal for Human Rights" by Atlanta, Georgia, university students.

MISCELLANEOUS CIVIL WAR PAPERS, #150, 1860-1867

Miscellaneous papers relating to Federal forces. Included are muster and pay rolls of the 46th Regiment of the U.S. Infantry, a regiment of black soldiers from Helena, Arkansas (1863-1864).

MISCELLANEOUS FOREIGN LETTERS, #11018, 1796-1979

This extensive collection of unrelated correspondence includes one letter written by H. Church of London, England, thanking the Honorable Reverend William H. Fremantle, Anglican Churchman, for the loan of a copy of Goldwin Smith's Does the Bible Sanction American Slavery? (Oxford, 1863) in 1882.

MISCELLANEOUS LETTERS, #516

Single, unrelated letters, chiefly from the nineteenth century, especially from southerners prominent in literary and political spheres. Topics include social life and customs, local and national politics, and slavery. Includes:

• 1816 letter from William Buell Sprague, clergyman, biographer, and collector, written from Woodlawn Plantation, Mount Vernon, Virginia, while he was employed there as a tutor. His letter relates at length the state of slaves in Virginia and the effect of slavery on Southern society and standards.
• 1849 letter from Joseph S. Hartly (?) of King and Queen County, Virginia, to Captain C. H. Bonham, discussing runaway slaves. The letter suggests that Hartly was involved in aiding runaways.
• 1854 letter from Charles Ward, artist and member of a distinguished New York family, to his mother, recounting a visit to Georgia. The author remarks upon the institution of slavery.

MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS, #517-38, 1950s

Conservative and moderate articles, tracts, and fliers of the 1950s concerning segregation and race relations.

MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS, #517-67, 1900

Volume containing notes for political speeches of Samuel J. Brim of Surry County, North Carolina, member of the North Carolina House of Representatives in 1901. Most of the speeches concern the danger of blacks taking over control of the government through their right to vote.

MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS, #517-9, ca.1816

A list of the monetary value of slaves and other property belonging to the estate of Ann Fox. The paper was written by Robert Ratcliffe, Clerk of Court, Fairfax County, Virginia.

MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS, #517-62

Photocopies of materials related to Geer Cemetery in Durham, North Carolina, a main burying ground for Durham's black community from the 1870s to the 1930s. Among those buried at Geer Cemetery are the founders of two of Durham's major African-American churches: White Rock Baptist and St. Joseph's AME.

MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS, #517-1, ca. 1754-1765

An address given by North Carolina's Colonial Assembly to Governor Arthur Dobbs concerning the disposition of a black man jailed in Wilmington, North Carolina, under a death sentence.

MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS, #517-67, ca. 1900

One volume containing notes for the political speeches of Samuel J. Brim, a North Carolina State Representative from Surry County, North Carolina.

MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS, #517-68, 1963

Photocopies of a journal kept by Richard N. L. (Pete) Andrews while working on Aaron Henry's Mississippi gubernatorial campaign (1963). Entries record the activities of Andrews, a student at Yale, and others as they staged a "mock voter registration" in Mississippi to assess the number of potential African-American voters who were prohibited by the state's restrictive voter registration practices from casting ballots.

MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS, #517-84, 1808-1853

Five notes and receipts relating to James and Thomas Graham's purchases, including a slave (1851-1855).

MISCELLANEOUS WRITINGS #3704, undated

A typewritten essay by Ralph Ellison entitled "Change the Joke and Slip the Yoke," concerning African-American literature and folklore. The text contains Ellison's handwritten emendations.

MISSISSIPPI FREELANCE RECORDS, #4343, 1968-1972

Business correspondence, financial papers, writings, and research for theMississippi Freelance, a liberal monthly newspaper dedicated to "reporting the otherwise unreported." Correspondence contains views on issues such as race relations and civil rights, predominantly in Mississippi.

BROADUS MITCHELL PAPERS, #4141, 1900-1982

Correspondence, writings, and other papers of Mitchell, economist, historian, liberal thinker, and teacher at Johns Hopkins, Rutgers, and Hofstra Universities. While at Johns Hopkins, Mitchell developed a strong commitment to socialism, racial justice, and workers' education. Correspondence includes a request from H. L. Mencken to see Mitchell's 1931 report on lynching in Maryland (1932); Franklin Roosevelt's discussion of the problems of sharecroppers (1935); several letters that show Mitchell's involvement in the controversy to admit a black student to the graduate program at Johns Hopkins (1938); and letters from the Southerners for Civil Rights organization (1947-1958). The collection also contains several of Mitchell's manuscripts, including a 1931 report on lynchings in Salisbury, Maryland, and a pamphlet entitled Black Justice, published by the ACLU, to which Mitchell contributed (1931).

JOHN WROUGHTON MITCHELL PAPERS, #4282, 1817-1865

Correspondence and related materials of Mitchell, a Charleston, South Carolina, attorney and Commissioner of Deeds of South Carolina in New York City. The collection contains both professional and personal correspondence that refers to such topics as slave sales and auctions, runaways, slave resistance, the Charleston Work House, and the hiring of slaves (1837-1846). Microfilm available.

MORRIS RANDOLPH MITCHELL PAPERS, #3832, 1898-1976

Correspondence, writings, pictures, and other materials of Mitchell, pacifist and educator who founded Macedonia Cooperative Community (Clarkesville, Georgia) in the 1940s; served as director of the Putney Grange Graduate School (Putney, Vermont); and was president of Friends World College (Glen Head, New York). Letters discuss a black revival meeting in Ellerbe, North Carolina (1920); a black school in Ellerbe (1927, 1937); incidents of racial discrimination at Putney Graduate School (1951); and executive action in desegregation (1956). The collection also includes a review of Harry S. Ashmore's book The Negro and the Schools (1954); information concerning the possibility of opening an interracial camp near Green Bay, Wisconsin (1956); and references to a recording of Uncle Remus stories that Morris was planning to make (1959). Partially restricted.

SAMUEL CHILES MITCHELL PAPERS, #1003, 1861-1948

Personal and professional correspondence of Samuel Chiles Mitchell, president of the Universities of South Carolina and Delaware and history professor at the University of Richmond. Involved in issues of higher education, including public schools for whites and blacks in Virginia, Mitchell served as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Negro Rural School Fund, Anna T. Jeanes Foundation (1908-1937), and Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, Hampton, Virginia (1920s-1931).

ROSINA MIX PAPERS, #2201, 1833-1842

Letters from John Burbidge, a New Yorker living in Walterboro (near Charleston), South Carolina, to his cousin Rosina Mix (later Cropper) in New York City. Burbidge's letters include references to slavery (1840-1841).

JOHN W. MOODY PAPERS, #1424, 1844-1896

Papers of John W. Moody of Oglethorpe County, Georgia, including a slave bill of sale (1844) and a contract with a sharecropper (1885).

HARRIETT ELLEN MOORE DIARY, #2485, 1863

Diary kept by Moore during the occupation of Nashville, Tennessee, by Federal troops. Entries discuss the attitudes of blacks under Union occupation, black soldiers, and the debate over arming blacks to defend Southern cities. Microfilm available.

IDORA MCCLELLAN MOORE PAPERS, #3072, 1882-1939

Correspondence and clippings of Idora McClellan Moore of Talladega County, Alabama, writer of dialect articles about the backwoods of Alabama and of antebellum blacks. She wrote under the pen name "Betsy Hamilton." Microfilm available.

GEORGE W. MORDECAI PAPERS, #522, 1767-1916

Personal, legal and business correspondence, and financial papers of Mordecai and of his wife, Margaret B. (Cameron) Mordecai, of Raleigh, North Carolina. Correspondence discusses the death of a slave under the employ of the Raleigh and Gaston Railroad, and the resulting lawsuit; the American Colonization Society (1840); runaway slaves and the need to purchase a slave who was to be sent South and was the spouse of a Mordecai slave (1853). Financial papers include slave bills of sale; slave records (1858-1862); and a memorandum on slaves (1824). Microfilm available.

JOHN MOREL INVENTORY, #1279, 1777

An estate inventory and appraisal of 155 slaves belonging to Morel of Christ Church Parish, Georgia.

MINNIE BUERBAUM MORGAN BOOKS, #1496-z, 1840-1861

Three volumes presumably from Gloucester County, Virginia, which include an account book listing slaves hired out and rates charged for their labor (1840-1848).

SAMUEL LEWIS MORGAN PAPERS, #4228, 1871-1972

Correspondence, diaries, articles, sermons, and other material of Morgan, Southern Baptist minister, writer, and commentator of the North Carolina piedmont. Included are letters that discuss integration (1952-1964); articles concerning school integration and lunch-counter sit-ins (1929-1969); and material on the Civil Rights movement (subseries 3.2).

MORRIS FAMILY PAPERS, 1764-1827

Letters, accounts, and legal papers gathered in the course of a series of lawsuits over property in the Cape Fear Valley of North Carolina. The collection includes slave inventories from Cumberland and Chatham Counties (1770-1779). Note: This collection is part of the Bruce Cotten Collection and is available for use in the North Carolina Collection of the Wilson Library.

ROBERT HALL MORRISON PAPERS, #1131, 1820-1888

Correspondence and financial and miscellaneous papers of Morrison, Presbyterian minister and educator of Lincoln County, North Carolina. The bulk of the correspondence regards church matters and includes discussion of Morrison's abhorrence of slavery and his support of the Colonization Society in Sierra Leone (1820s). Letters also discuss the low price of slaves in North Carolina and Morrison's advocacy of cotton and woolen mills as a replacement for the slave-based cotton industry (1837-1840) and the buying and selling of slaves (1820-1834). Partial microfilm available.

MOUNT AIRY PLANTATION BOOKS, #964, 1805-1855

Three plantation journals relating to Taylor family plantations located in the Warsaw, Richmond County, Virginia, area. The first two volumes contain records of work completed by slaves (1805; 1815-1818) and the second and third volumes contain slave lists (1825-1826, 1840-1855). Microfilm available.

EDGAR GARDNER MURPHY PAPERS, #1041, 1893-1913

Correspondence, writings, and miscellaneous papers of Edgar Gardner Murphy, Episcopal clergyman, publicist, executive secretary of the Southern Education Board, author, and amateur astronomer. Clippings and letters in the scrapbook discuss the Southern Conference on Race Problems, an African-American Episcopal Church, and the question of suffrage restriction (1899- 1901). The collection also includes the incomplete manuscript of a projected book, "Issues Southern and National," which covers topics including Tuskegee Institute, suffrage restriction, and the role of African Americans in the southern and northern states. Microfilm available.

NEAL FAMILY PAPERS, #4370, 1816-1916

Correspondence, legal and financial materials, and miscellaneous papers documenting the lives of members of the Neal family, planters, businessmen, and farmers in Franklin County, North Carolina; Fayette and Henderson Counties, Tennessee; Tuscaloosa, Alabama; Hines County, Mississippi; Waxahachie, Texas; and other areas. The majority of the antebellum materials are letters describing life in the "West"--Alabama, Tennessee, and Mississippi. Topics covered include the treatment of slaves; slave courtship, marriage, and divorce; and a slave uprising in Mississippi (1835). The collection also contains messages sent home to North Carolina from slaves gone West with their masters (1834). Postbellum materials from Texas mention an African- American religious revival, African-American sharecroppers, an African-American pyromaniac, and the existence of racial antipathy of Native Americans for African Americans (1889).

JOHN NEVITT PAPERS, #543, 1826-1854

Diary of John Nevitt, U.S. Navy lieutenant and owner of Clermont Plantation near Natchez, Mississippi. Entries largely deal with plantation activities and contain daily mentions of slaves; including their duties, health, escapes, punishments, sales, and hirings (1826-1832). The collection suggests frequent escapes among the slaves, but consistent captures and returns. Microfilm available.

NEW BERN OCCUPATION PAPERS, #1993-z, 1862-1864

Random papers related to the occupation of New Bern, North Carolina by the Union Army during the Civil War. The collection includes the muster roll of Company B, 1st N.C. Infantry Regiment, Colored Heavy Artillery (1864); unofficial orders concerning the management of black soldiers (1863); and a letter from a white soldier stationed in New Bern discussing his recent expedition to Plymouth, North Carolina, and his impressions of, and conversations with, Plymouth blacks. Partial microfilm available.

WILSON L. NEWMAN CORRESPONDENCE WITH GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER, #4641, 1926-1943

Correspondence with Carver, of the Experimental Station of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, by Newman who asked Carver to tour Southern colleges in support of interracial communication. Although most of the correspondence contains personal news, some letters mention race relations, agricultural experimentation, music, and painting.

NEWSTEAD PLANTATION RECORDS, #2339, 1857-1882

Brief daily records kept by the overseers of Newstead Plantation in Washington County, Mississippi, which mention slave work and supplies issued to slaves and to tenants (1857-1861; 1873-1882). Microfilm available.

NIMS AND RANKIN FAMILY PAPERS, #4225, 1825-1946

Chiefly correspondence of the Nims and Rankin families of York County, South Carolina, and Gaston County, North Carolina. Included are descriptions of the conditions of slaves and native Americans in Georgia (1830s); hiring slave labor for railroad work (1850s); and of racial tensions and riots in the South (1865- 1907). The collection also contains labor contracts between Frederick Nims and freedmen (1866).

NORFLEET FAMILY PAPERS, #549, 1784-1895

Account books, plantation journals, and other records of the Norfleet family of Bertie County, North Carolina. Account books contain lists of the names and ages of slaves and former slaves of the Norfleet family (1844-1895), and the plantation journals make frequent mention of the health of the slaves (1856-1857, 1858- 1860). Also included is a slave bill of sale (1784). Partial microfilm available.

NORTH CAROLINA COMMISSION ON INTERRACIAL COOPERATION, #3823, 1922-1949

Papers from the North Carolina branch of the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, a regional organization working to establish communication and mutual trust between blacks and whites. Papers discuss such topics as racial attitudes, justice, education, transportation, employment, religion, crime, economics, discrimination, health, social welfare, agriculture, and civic involvement. Included are notes on racial conditions in New Bern, North Carolina (1922-26); an NAACP appeal for state support in a case involving the fatal shooting of an African-American man in Hamlet, North Carolina (1927) and a lynching in Franklin County, North Carolina (1935); black voter registration (1936); segregated toilet facilities on the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad (1928-29); an African American's application to the graduate school of the University of Virginia (1935); African- American employment, and African-American jury duty.

NORTH CAROLINA FOLKLORE BROADCAST COLLECTION, #20105, 1976

Radio program featuring recordings made in various musicians' homes in spring 1976. Includes reminiscences and folk music performed by African Americans Willie Trice, James Stephenson ("Guitar Slim"), Wilbur Atwater, Jamie Alston, Tarheel Slim, Joe and Odell Thompson, and Brownie McGhee. [1 reel, FT1190]

NORTH CAROLINA FUND ARCHIVES, #3813, 1963-1968

Official records of a five-year experimental antipoverty agency that conducted studies and surveys of low-income housing, food, community organization, and other aspects of poverty. Many records document African Americans. The fund also supported community action and manpower development programs.

NORTH CAROLINA HOME INSURANCE COMPANY POLICIES, #1395, 1847- 1869

Printed policies of various unrelated individuals, chiefly insuring homes in Raleigh and eastern North Carolina against fire, issued by the North Carolina Mutual Insurance Company, 1847-1861, and the North Carolina Home Insurance Company 1874-1889. Included is a policy insuring the life of Christopher, a slave who worked as a house servant and waiter in Charleston, South Carolina, and the report of a physician's examination of the insured (1856).

NORTH CAROLINA MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS, #1135-z, 1772- 1948

Accounts, letters, estate inventories, slave bills of sale, court papers, and other items of scattered dates, subjects, and locations. Included are several slave bills of sale (1847, 1856); a manuscript certificate of character written by W. W. White, Justice of the Peace of Granville, North Carolina, for Susan Pettiford, a free black woman (1861); and a letter from Lawrence Wood Roberts Jr. introducing Eneas Africanus, a book that Roberts praises as "a very human portrayal of our old Southern Negroes, who are very near and dear to my heart" (1937).

NORTON, CHILTON, AND DAMERON FAMILY PAPERS, #3264, 1760- 1926

Predominantly correspondence of members of the related Norton, Chilton, and Dameron families, planters in Virginia and Mississippi. Topics include the 1875 race riots in Clinton, Mississippi, instigated by local elections. Also included is a clipping of an account of the race riot and slave bills of sale for individuals sold in Clinton (1842-1854). Microfilm available.

APPLETON OAKSMITH PAPERS, #2193, 1825-1888

Scattered papers of Oaksmith of Carteret County, North Carolina, state legislator and son of Seba Smith, Maine and New York political humorist, and Elizabeth Oakes (Prince) Smith, author, lecturer, and reformer who used the name Ernest Halfenstein. The collection includes letters written by Elizabeth Oakes (Prince) Smith that discuss North Carolina race relations (1874-1876). Microfilm available.

HOWARD WASHINGTON ODUM PAPERS, #3167, 1919-1955

Papers by Odum, founder of the Institute for Research in the Social Sciences the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Contains correspondence pertaining to the Commission for Interracial Cooperation as well as speeches on race relations. Also includes files on the Journal of Negro History and correspondence with Harlem Renaissance figures.

HERBERT EDWARD O'KEEF JR. PAPERS, #4078-z, 1962-1974

Letters received by O'Keef as editor of the Raleigh (North Carolina) Times. The bulk of the correspondence comments on some facet of race relations, the Ku Klux Klan, or other aspects of civil rights in North Carolina.

DAVID OUTLAW PAPERS, #1534, 1847-1855; 1866

Chiefly letters of Outlaw, a Bertie County Whig, North Carolina, written to his wife while he was a member of Congress (1847-1853). During his absences Outlaw's farm was run by his slave, George. Letters include directions for the hiring-out of slaves (1847); discussions of the institution of slavery (1849- 1850); and the abolition of the slave trade in the District of Columbia (1849). Microfilm available.

JOHN OWEN PAPERS, #572, 1749-1873

Chiefly legal papers and letters of Owen, Governor of North Carolina, 1828-1830. Papers and letters relate primarily to lands in Bladen County, North Carolina, but also include records of slave sales (1815, 1819-1834). Microfilm available.

WILLIAM PAGE PAPERS, #1254, 1783-1825

This collection consists primarily of business papers of Page, a rice and cotton grower and owner of plantations in Georgia. Included are letters and a copy of an advertisement of reward which document Page's efforts to recover two runaway slaves (1818, 1819) and an appraisal of slaves belonging to the estate of John Timmons (1798). Microfilm available.

ROBERT TREAT PAINE PAPERS, #1110, 1830-1900

Family, political, and military correspondence of Paine, an Edenton, North Carolina, lawyer, state legislator, Mexican War officer, and U.S. Representative. Included are scattered slave bills of sale (1842, 1854, 1857-1858); papers concerning a gift to Sarah Paine of an adult slave and slave children (1853); and an inquiry from a former Paine slave about his father (1871).

JOHN PARIS PAPERS, #575, 1828-1871

Diary, writings and correspondence of Paris, Methodist Episcopal minister of Guilford County, North Carolina, author of religious works, and Confederate Army chaplain. The collection includes a manuscript entitled "The Moral and Religious Status of the African Race in the Southern States," written by Paris at the close of the Civil War.

JOHN PARKHILL PAPERS, #1826, 1813-1891

Business and family papers of John Parkhill, an Irish emigrant who later moved from Richmond, Virginia, to Leon County, Florida. The collection contains a series of letters from ex-slave James Page to Miss Harriet Parkhill. Microfilm available.

THOMAS PARKS COLLECTION OF PARKS AND MCELBRATH FAMILY PAPERS, #4464, 1771-1981

Correspondence, financial and legal papers, photographs, and other items relating to ancestors and relatives of Thomas Parks. Account books contain lists of slave births (1836-1915). The McElbrath papers include details of the use of slaves in California gold mines (1851-2); actions taken to thwart a slave insurrection (1857); and a deed of gift transferring ownership of a family slave to a physician, possibly in payment for health services (1827). Microfilm available.

DANIEL W. AND BEVERLY BOGGS PATTERSON COLLECTION, #20026, 1965-1971

Interview with J. Mason Brewer, a black folklorist who worked extensively in Texas and North Carolina, recorded by Dan Patterson in 1965. Brewer reads black folktales as well. [1 reel, FT1651] Also includes unaccompanied spirituals sung by Mabry Shaw who is joined on two songs by his nephew. Recorded by Dan Patterson at Shaw's home in Ebenezer Community, Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1971. [FT1951-FT1960]

JOHN R. PEACOCK, COLLECTOR, PAPERS, #1895, 1838-1954

Letters, soldiers' reminiscences, pictures, autographs, and other papers relating to the Confederacy, to Confederate personages before or after the Civil War, and to other aspects of American history, collected by Peacock. The collection contains the statement of "Uncle Wiley" Howard, slave and body-servant of General Gist, concerning the death and burial of Gist (n.d.); and a sermon by the Reverend Leon C. Burns, Church of Christ, Columbia, South Carolina, denouncing efforts toward desegregation (1954).

THOMAS JENKINS PEARSALL PAPERS, #4300, 1954-1979

Correspondence concerning school integration, higher education (especially at the University of North Carolina), and the Roanoke Island Historical Association, and miscellaneous professional papers documenting the career of Pearsall, North Carolina, legislator and chief author of the 1956 Pearsall Plan for school integration in North Carolina. The collection contains letters expressing the reactions of North Carolinians to the Supreme Court's 1954 decision on desegregation (1954-1963) and a thesis concerning the desegregation of North Carolina schools (1959).

RICHMOND PEARSON PAPERS, #3647, 1852-1940

Personal and professional papers of Pearson concerning his activities as an Asheville, North Carolina, lawyer, U.S. diplomat, and North Carolina Democratic representative. Included are two agreements for slave hire (1852, 1856). Microfilm available.

RICHMOND MUMFORD PEARSON PAPERS, #584, 1796-1877

Pearson, who lived successively in Rowan, Davie, and Surry (later Yadkin) Counties, North Carolina, was a lawyer, legislator, Superior and Supreme Court judge, chief justice of North Carolina, noted teacher of law, Unionist Whig, and postbellum Republican. His papers include documents concerning slave sales (1855, 1859); the purchase of slaves (1859); and a Federal investigation of the Ku Klux Klan (1871).

CATHERINE F. PECK COLLECTION, #20088, 1981-1982

Twenty-six tapes containing interviews and church services with six African-American women preachers in North Carolina.

WILLIAM NELSON PENDLETON PAPERS, #1466, 1798-1889

Family, professional and military correspondence of Pendleton, Episcopal minister of Lexington, Virginia, and brigadier general commanding the artillery of the Confederate Army of northern Virginia. Letters cover such topics as his opinions on slavery; slaves building Confederate fortifications (1861); thoughts of slaves on possible Yankee victory (1862); instructions on handling rebellious slaves (1863); the postwar situation with African Americans (1865); and justifications of the institution of slavery using passages from the Bible (1880). The collection also includes an Annual Report of the Pennsylvania Colonization Society, which transported to Liberia blacks who wanted to return to Africa (1881).

PENN SCHOOL PAPERS, #3615, 1861-1964

Administrative correspondence and records of Penn Normal Industrial and Agricultural School, a school for black students established in 1862 on St. Helena Island, South Carolina. The collection also contains material on Penn School's successor, Penn Community Services, which commenced its activities in 1948. Materials include approximately 3,000 photographs of students, teachers, school buildings, school events, and island life and inhabitants (1860s-1962). Numerous volumes include trustee minutes; account books and inventories; school and community club records; and guest books. The collection also includes diaries and papers of Laura M. Towne, founder of the school, and of others associated with the area in the 1860s. Microfilm available.

PERRIN FAMILY PAPERS, #2471, 1803-1880

Bills, receipts, legal papers, slave records, and other business papers relating to the plantations of Thomas C., James M., and Lewis W. Perrin of Abbeville District, South Carolina. Papers detail slave lists, the amount of cotton picked by individual slaves, slave births and deaths, shoe and blanket allotments, and slave sales (1837-1859).

PERSON FAMILY PAPERS, #590, 1739-1907

Letters, bills, receipts, deeds, and other papers of the Person family, large landowners and political leaders of Granville County, North Carolina, and nearby counties. Included are scattered papers pertaining to the sale and hiring-out of slaves (1796, 1801, 1822); slave birth records (1833-1857); and records of clothes and blankets given to slaves (1833-1844).

PETTIGREW FAMILY PAPERS, #592, 1685, 1776-1939

The collection contains correspondence, personal, professional, legal and financial papers and writings of four generations of the Pettigrew family, their relatives and associates. The Pettigrew family were planters in Washington and Tyrell Counties, North Carolina, and their papers contain information on various aspects of slavery and the transition to free labor after the Civil War. The correspondence series contains information on the slave trade (late 1700s and mid-1800s), attitudes towards the institution (1802-1804), views on using slaves as overseers (1849), rebellious behavior of slaves (1852), sale of slaves (1803), slaves during the Civil War (1861-1865), and letters written on behalf of slaves (1850). There are also legal and financial papers concerning the purchase of slaves, slave lists and accounts with slaves, and writings by slaves and on the topic of the slave trade. Partial microfilm available.

JAMES JONES PHILIPS PAPERS, #972, 1814; 1832-1892

Chiefly letters from Ethelred Philips (1801-1870), physician and farmer of Mariana, Florida, to James Jones Philips (1798- 1874), physician and scientific farmer of Edgecombe County, North Carolina. Letters contain comments on agriculture, the political climate, religion and philosophy, health care, and relationships with slaves and free blacks. The collection includes accounts with slaves and free blacks (1859-1860, 1867-1870). Microfilm available.

PHILLIPS AND MYERS FAMILY PAPERS, #596, 1804-1928

Papers of two generations of a Southern family living in Washington D.C. and of their Georgia relatives. Folder 3 contains a letter which discusses freedmen (1868).

BILL PHILLIPS COLLECTION, 20089, 1973-1975

Informal music-making at the home of Dink Roberts, an African- American guitarist, singer, and banjo player. Roberts is joined by family members and neighbors on vocals, guitar, dancing, and patting. Both sacred and secular music forms are represented, and music is interspersed with informal talk and interviewing. These reels are dubs of original cassette recordings made by Bill Phillips in Haw River, North Carolina (1973). [5 reels, FT1711- FT1712]

Field recordings of Willie Trice, an African-American blues singer and guitar player. Includes some interview material but is mostly informal music making. These reels are dubs of original recordings made by Bill Phillips near Durham, North Carolina, in 1975. [3 reels, FT1718-FT1720]

PHOTOGRAPH COLLECTION

The collection contains over 55,000 images acquired primarily as part of individual and family papers, with approximately 2,000 depicting African Americans. The photographs date from 1840s and exist in various formats. Most of the images from planter papers reflect African Americans in their roles as house servants, nannies, cooks, or field hands. One substantial collection is the Penn School photographs (see related entry), which show all aspects of African-American student life from the 1860s through the 1940s. The Penn School, located on the coast of South Carolina, was established to educate freed slaves. Another important group is the Subregional Photographic Study, part of the Howard Odum Papers (see related entry), which contains over 500 images. The study was conducted in 1939 in conjunction with the Farm Security Administration to document all aspects of life in several North Carolina counties. The study includes many images of African Americans as farmers and merchants as well as images of family and small town life. The Arthur Raper Papers (see related entry) contain a photographic study of Greene County, Georgia, dating from the early 1940s. The over 200 images depict African Americans as tenant farmers, school teachers, and students. Images of the elderly and number of rare photographs of life on a chain gang are also part of the study.

REBECCA S. C. PILSBURY DIARY, #3470, 1848-1851

Diary of Pilsbury at Brazoria, Texas, recording her activities managing the family farm while her husband, Timothy Pilsbury, served in Congress in Washington D.C., and while he traveled. In addition to her social and domestic activities, she recorded her feelings about her management of slaves and notes of their daily activities. Microfilm available.

PHILIP HENRY PITTS PAPERS, #602, 1814-1884

Correspondence, manuscript volumes, and miscellaneous papers of Pitts, cotton planter of Union Town (now Uniontown), Perry County, Alabama. Correspondence includes information on hiring out slaves (1839). The volumes include accounts, memoranda, and diary entries and contain information on the births and deaths of slaves; purchase and hire of slaves from other planters; runaway slaves; and a case of slaves murdering their master (1850-1853; 1860-1863). Volumes also contain accounts of medical expenses for slaves; and the purchase of twenty marriage licenses for freedmen (1856-1865). Microfilm available.

JANE ABERNATHY PLYLER PAPERS, #4230, 1979-1980

Eighteen oral history tapes of public health nurses, including African Americans, who practiced during the 1920s and 1930s in North Carolina.

POLK, BADGER, AND MCGHEE FAMILY PAPERS, #3979, 1790- 1898

Letters and scrapbooks of the related Polk, Badger, and McGhee families of Person and Caswell Counties and Raleigh, North Carolina. The collection contains scattered references to domestic slaves; references to sending slaves to a family plantation in Tennessee (1826, 1832, 1834); and praise of a slave cook and the purchase of a female slave (1860). Microfilm available.

POLK, BROWN, AND EWELL FAMILY PAPERS, #605, 1803- 1896

Personal, financial, business, and military papers of the Polk, Brown, and Ewell families. Included is information on relations with slaves and overseers on the Spring Hill Plantation in Maury County, Tennessee. Letters discuss slave insubordination, problems with overseers, and the buying and selling of slaves (1803-1848); a slave insurrection and slave escapes in Tennessee (1853-1859); general views on slavery and secession (1853-1859); and a proposal to enlist slaves into the Confederate Army (1864). The collection also contains a slave bill of sale (n.d.). Partial microfilm available.

WILLIAM POLK PAPERS, #604, 1840-1867

Business and legal papers of Polk, a planter of Rapides Parish, Louisiana, and of his wife, Rebecca Lamar Polk. Much of the collection relates to estates held by Polk's in-laws. Included are an appraisal of Jefferson J. Lamar's slaves; slave bills of sale; and two letters concerning the purchase of slaves (1857- 1860).

ABRAHAM DAVID POLLOCK PAPERS, #865, 1794-1944

Diary, journal, sermons, writings, and scattered family correspondence of Pollack, a Pennsylvania-born Presbyterian minister of Richmond, Virginia. Letters discuss the sale of slaves (1794-1807, 1827); the location of a runaway slave (1794- 1807); the execution of John Brown at Charles Town, Virginia (later West Virginia) (1859); and the trial of a slave in Louisiana (1860).

NIMROD PORTER PAPERS, #1094, 1819-1871

Diary and other records of Nimrod Porter, farmer and sheriff of Maury County, Tennessee. The diary comments on the behavior of slaves and freedmen (1861-1871). Microfilm available.

WILLIAM STEVENS POWELL COLLECTION, #3300, 1793-1924

Papers collected by Powell, former University of North Carolina history professor, which relate primarily to Iredell County, North Carolina, and its environs. The collection includes 14 letters from William D. Washington, an African-American medical student from North Carolina who was attending Howard University in Washington D.C. to a friend, Janie Lee Norton, in Davidson, North Carolina (1922-1924).

HELEN M. PRESCOTT PAPERS, #1509, 1835-1944

Chiefly correspondence and notes of Prescott, an Atlanta genealogist. The collection contains antebellum letters of the Prescott and Slade families of Ft. Gaines, Georgia, and the diaries of Helen Prescott and her mother. Discussed in the diaries is the unrest incited in Georgia slaves by abolitionists (1835).

PRICE FAMILY PAPERS, #2850, 1772-1875

Chiefly business and financial papers, with some family letters, of several generations of the Price family of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, and Fayette and Giles Counties, Tennessee. Included are mentions of slaves bought, sold, and bequeathed (1792-1854).

WILLIAM DOSSEY PRUDEN PAPERS, #1909, 1812-1919

Letters received by Pruden, an Edenton, North Carolina, lawyer and president of the North Carolina Bar Association. One letter mentions the African-American vote (1884). Microfilm available.

PHANOR PRUDHOMME PAPERS, #613, 1804-1940

Primarily business papers and volumes of Prudhomme and, later, of J. Alphonse Prudhomme relating to cotton growing at the family plantation at Ile Breville (later called Bermuda), Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana. The papers include slave lists and items relating to the buying and selling of slaves (1804-1854); a slave bill of sale from François Gacion Metoyer, a freedman, to Phanor Prudhomme (1857); notes on sending slaves to work on town fortifications (1862); and letters requesting safe passage to move slaves (1865). Plantation records include a slave work record (1836) and slave lists (1837, 1839-1842, 1856-1863, 1860-1864). The collection also contains records of accounts with freedmen (1866-1878). Many items in French; microfilm available.

JAMES PERRIN QUARLES JR. PAPERS, #985, 1773-1948

An assortment of papers, consisting chiefly of legal and personal correspondence of Houston S. Gilley, lawyer of Aberdeen, Monroe County, Mississippi, and of his father-in-law, William Frank Dowd, lawyer and Confederate colonel. Included are scattered letters pertaining to slavery in North Carolina and Alabama (1825-1860); slave bills of sale (1820, 1854); and a letter concerning a slave "stranded" at Camden, South Carolina, without sufficient funds to return home to Florence, Alabama (1825).

QUITMAN FAMILY PAPERS, #616, 1784-1978

Correspondence and social, economic, and political papers of four generations of the Quitman family and the related Duncan, Lovell, and Turner families of Natchez, Mississippi, and Sewanee, Tennessee. Includes a list of slaves purchased from Ballard, Franklin and Company (date unknown); miscellaneous slave lists (1837, 1838); accounts of a cholera epidemic among Mississippi slaves (1848-1849); discussion of the behavior and disappearance of Mississippi slaves during the Civil War (1864); and a plantation book containing slave records (1833-39, 1849). Microfilm available.

JULIUS FREDERICK RAMSDELL PAPERS, #4403, 1864-1869; 1910- 1911

A diary, letters, and other material of Ramsdell, a Union infantryman from Woburn, Massachusetts. Occasionally diary entries note the friendliness with which Union soldiers were treated by southern blacks.

DARLY HIDEN RAMSEY PAPERS, #3805, 1877-1966

Correspondence, speeches, and writings of Ramsey, newspaper editor, public speaker, city and state official, member of educational boards, writer, and civic leader of western North Carolina. Includes a lecture on race relations (1913); letters written by Ramsey concerning his perception of an impending racial crises (1942); his opinion that school segregation was imperiled by the lag of some counties in supplying facilities for African Americans (1948); and his opinion concerning opportunities for African-American teachers in North Carolina as compared to opportunities in the North (1947).

A. E. RANKIN AND COMPANY, FAYETTEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA, ACCOUNT BOOKS, #3168, 1833-1888

Ledgers and daybooks of a large Fayetteville, North Carolina, mercantile firm. Volume 1 records accounts with an African American, believed to be "Uncle Billie Williams," who ran a dray- for-hire business (1885-1888).

TOM RANKIN COLLECTION, #20062, 1982

Field recordings of African-American musician Richard "Big Boy" Henry performing blues with Walter Henry and Ronnie Wallace, recorded by Tom Rankin at Henry's home in Beaufort, North Carolina, 1982. Also, an interview with "Big Boy" Henry about learning to play the blues and about sea shanties in North Carolina. [11 reels, FT1328-FT1338]

MATT WHITAKER RANSOM PAPERS, #2615, 1845-1914

Correspondence of Ransom, lawyer, planter, state official, Confederate general, U.S. Senator, and minister to Mexico. Papers relate to the political, economic, and racial aspects of the Reconstruction; management of plantation and former slaves (1880- 1885); the conduct of African-American plantation workers (1890- 1892, 1897); racially motivated complaints of whites about black postmasters (1887, 1893); the political tide among African Americans in North Carolina (1894-5); a letter written by William Cawthorne, an African American lecturing to Good Templar lodges in Philadelphia, concerning the racial prejudices of the North versus the South (1874); the resignation of a student at West Point, in part induced by the necessity of close association with an African-American cadet (1875); the desire of John H. Collins, an African-American official, to become minister to Haiti (1877); and African-American leader Garland H. White's desire to confer with Ransom about plans to organize an African-American Democratic group in North Carolina.

ARTHUR FRANKLIN RAPER PAPERS, #3966, 1913-1979

Correspondence and personal papers and materials of Raper, a rural sociologist, civil rights activist, and social science analyst both in the United States and abroad. His papers document his participation in the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, the Myrdal study of the American Negro, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Agricultural Economics. The collection includes correspondence and material about lynching (1925-1942); and photographs of African Americans in Greene and Macon Counties, Georgia, and in the "Fourth Ward," a poor black district in Atlanta.

THOMAS EDWARD RATCLIFFE, #4525, 1934-1987

Chiefly letters written by Ratcliffe, reference librarian at the University of Illinois, to his colleagues and friends. The letters document Ratcliffe's first job in the New York City banking industry, his experiences in World War II, his postwar travel in Europe, and his career as a librarian. Many of the letters reflect postwar racial attitudes.

RAVENEL FAMILY PAPERS, #1022, 1790-1918

Personal correspondence, legal, and financial papers of the Ravenel and related DuBose families, prominent planters of South Carolina. The collection contains information on slaves owned by the Ravenels and other families. The Jonathan Eady Estate items include a will naming slaves owned by Samuel DuBose (1857-1858) and a letter fragment and receipt for the sale of a slave named Isaac (1854-1856). The Abigail Ravenel Estate papers contain a bill of sale for a slave named Rose; correspondence on hiring out slaves; accounts for goods purchased for slaves; and a slave birth list (1852-1859). Also included is a memorandum on an estate dispute that included slaves (1828). Microfilm available.

ROBERT RAYMOND REID DIARY, #1263, 1833-1835

Two volumes of a diary of Robert Raymond Reid, who was appointed judge of the Superior Court in the Eastern District of Florida in 1832. Reid recorded his opinions on various topics including abolitionism and the southern black population, both free and slave. Microfilm available.

RUFUS REID PAPERS, #2712, 1772-1911

Business and legal papers, family papers, account books, and other items relating to the family of Rufus Reid, the second largest slaveholder in Iredell County, North Carolina, and the related Davidson, Guy, Morrison, Smith, and Torrance families, chiefly of Rowan and Iredell Counties, North Carolina. The collection contains receipts for purchases of slaves (1852-1861); papers relating to the capture of a runaway slave (1822); the renting of slaves and their treatment (1824, 1850-1851, 1855- 1861); and a court case concerning a slave sale (1853). Account books record work done by slaves for the Mississippi Central Railroad (1859-1860) and blankets and clothing given to slaves (1845-1852, 1855-1860).

JAMES RESTON COLLECTION OF JOAN LITTLE TRIAL MATERIALS, #4006, 1975-1976

Includes testimony transcripts, briefs, clippings, and interview tapes, relating to the trial of Joan Little, an African- American prisoner accused and acquitted of murdering a white jailer in Washington, North Carolina, in 1975.

ROBERT BARNWELL RHETT PAPERS, #3204, 1835-1880

Personal and business correspondence, business and military papers, personal bills and accounts, and postbellum family letters of Rhett, secessionist, editor, and U.S. Representative and Senator from South Carolina. The collection includes a physician's account for Rhett "family and servants" (1840) and some letters discussing slavery (1840-1849). Microfilm available.

THEODORE RICHMOND PAPERS, #632, 1844-1926

Family letters and personal diaries of the Richmond family of Indiana, Iowa, Tennessee, and Ohio. Letters contains some expressions of antislavery sentiments.

E. H. RIGGAN ACCOUNT BOOK, #2366, 1846-1870

An account book with cash entries kept by an individual, presumably E. H. Riggin, who apparently lived in or near Mecklenburg County, Virginia. Some entries refer to slave hiring and to cash given to slaves in exchange for corn, tobacco, coal, and extra work. Entries during 1863 record slave labor on fortifications. Microfilm available.

MARY BYNUM HOLMES RICKS PAPERS, #989, 1943-1945

A collection of letters assembled by Ricks as part of her research for her doctoral thesis, "A History of Graduate Work in the South," under Dr. Edgar W. Knight, University of North Carolina. The letters were from officers of southern colleges and universities answering a query about the status of graduate education in the South, graduate study among blacks, and southerners educated in Europe before 1900.

DAVID RIVERS PAPERS, #3569, 1821-1859

Miscellaneous personal and business letters and estate settlement papers of David Rivers, a planter in Beaufort and Barnwell Districts, South Carolina. The collection includes a receipt for purchase of a slave (1842).

ROACH AND EGGLESTON FAMILY PAPERS, #2614, 1825-1905

Diaries, correspondence, legal and financial papers, scrapbooks, and commonplace books of the Roach, Gilbert, and Eggleston families of Woodville, Wilkinson County, and Vicksburg, Mississippi. The bulk of the collection (the 49-volume diary of Mahala P. H. Roach) records the household chores of slaves, and the diary and plantation journal of Dick H. Eggleston describes the work of slaves on his Mississippi plantation (1830). Microfilm available.

ROBERSON FAMILY PAPERS, #4512, 1814-1902

Correspondence, financial papers, and other items of the Roberson family of Orange and Chatham Counties, North Carolina. The collection includes slave bills of sale (1830, 1845, 1859).

ELIZA ANNE MARCH ROBERTSON PAPERS, #1181, 1843-1872

Scrapbook of Robertson, apparently written from New Iberia, Iberia Parish, Louisiana, which records the daily life of a Louisiana gentlewoman. Daily entries document household tasks and often note which chores were assigned to slaves (1849-1856). The book also includes a description of an Easter celebration among slaves. Microfilm available.

HUBERT SAMUEL ROBINSON, SR., BOOKS, #4123, 1912-1969

Scrapbooks and pocket diaries of Robinson, a civic and political leader, first black alderman of Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and active participant in the formation of the Chapel Hill chapter of the NAACP and of the Council on Negro Affairs.

JOHN ROGERS BOOKS, #2659, 1800-1863

An autobiography of John Rogers, a minister of the Disciples of Christ who lived in Nicholas County, Kentucky, and preached in Kentucky, Missouri, Virginia, Ohio, and Indiana. The autobiography incorporates parts of diaries and theological writings and daily diaries of ministerial activities. Chapter 13 contains a discussion of the American Colonization Society and its work in Kentucky, and contains notes on public sentiment about slavery (1830) and quotes from Roger's sermons and from other Colonization spokesmen. Microfilm available.

ELEANOR ROOSEVELT LETTER, #3064-z, 1942

Letter of 18 September 1942, from Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt in the White House to Mr. Evans C. Johnson of Langdale, Alabama, replying to him concerning her attitude toward the race question in the South.

JOHN HERBERT ROPER, #4235, 1979-1983

Chiefly transcriptions of interviews by Roper, then at St. Andrews Presbyterian College, Laurinburg, North Carolina, relating to his biography of historian C. Vann Woodward. Included are materials concerning the Herbert Aptheker / Paul G. Partington controversy about publication of a bibliography of the works of W. E. B. Du Bois. Transcripts of interviews available on microfilm.

EDMUND RUFFIN JR. PLANTATION JOURNAL, #639, 1851-1862, 1866- 1873

The journal of Ruffin, wheat, tobacco, and cotton planter and owner of plantations in Prince George, Hanover, and Amelia Counties, Virginia. The collection includes some remarks on slave health, births and deaths (1855-1861); on abandonment of the plantation at the arrival of Union soldiers; and mention of freedmen's political activities in Hanover County. Microfilm available.

RUFFIN AND MEADE FAMILY PAPERS, #642, 1796-1906

Correspondence, mostly of women, and miscellaneous papers of the Meade family of Prince George County and the Ruffin family of Hanover County, Virginia. Letters express strong opinions on the war and often mention local instances of slave resistance. Included are descriptions of the British seizure of ships near Rossgill, Virginia, and the exodus of many local slaves to the British (1814); the public whipping of slaves in Prince George County, designed to deter an insurrection (1861); a Virginia African American who supported his former mistress financially after her son was shot by another African American (1866); and a fever which killed hundreds of African Americans in Alabama (1866). Partial microfilm available.

FRANK RUFFIN PAPERS, #640, 1802-1909

Postwar business papers of Ruffin, planter of Chesterfield County, Virginia, Confederate colonel, Second Auditor of Virginia, editor, and writer; and antebellum and Civil War items of Ruffin and relations. Antebellum papers concern the treatment of plantation slaves (1829-1837); slave bills of sale and jail receipts for runaways apprehended in other counties (1817-1829); the management of slaves and hiring of overseers (1829-1839); and a female plantation owner's fear of her slaves (n.d.). Later papers include items related to Asa Ruffin's publication of several pamphlets, including "The Negro as a Social and Political Factor" and "The Cost and Outcome of Negro Education in Virginia" (1882-1892); letters which discuss racial problems in Virginia, complaining that the "New South" has ruined black labor (1882); and letters expressing the opinion that blacks have neither the capacity to govern themselves nor any mechanical ability (1883). The collection also contains a handwritten copy of an extract from "The Negro as a Soldier" (n.d.). Microfilm available.

IRA RUSSELL PAPERS, #4440, 1861-1865

Papers relate chiefly to Ira Russell's administration of the Union Army hospital complex at Benton Barracks near St. Louis, Missouri (1863-1865). Some of his military correspondence discusses issues pertaining to the African-American troops employed at the hospital, including their pay. Letters also cover the designation in 1864 of one of the hospitals to serve only blacks.

ROBERT RUSSELL COLLECTION, #20142, 1967

Interview with J. Mason Brewer, an African-American folklorist who worked extensively in Texas and North Carolina, recorded by Robert Russell in 1967. [1 reel, FT1650]

WILLIAM C. RUSSELL PAPERS, #3622, 1813-1935

Personal letters received by Russell of Sardis, Mississippi, and Petersburg, Virginia, from relatives and friends in Virginia, Mississippi, Arkansas, Alabama, Tennessee, Missouri, Louisiana, Texas, Kentucky, Maine, Pennsylvania, New York, and Minnesota. Includes information about family slaves (n.d., folder 4).

ARCHIBALD HAMILTON RUTLEDGE COLLECTION, #2672-z, 1766- 1891

Papers including slave lists and bills of sale, of the Grimball, Wilkins, Seabrook, and other families of the South Carolina low country (1828-1862).

SAINT PAUL'S PARISH BOARD, #3898, 1840-1868

Minutes of meetings of the Board of Road Commissioners of St. Paul's Parish in the Colleton District of South Carolina. The book contains lists of slaves assigned to do road work.

TERRY SANFORD PAPERS, #3531, 1946-1992

Campaign files, correspondence, and other political materials relating to the career of North Carolina Democrat Terry Sanford, who was a state senator (1953-1954), North Carolina governor (1961-1965), president of Duke University (1969-1985), and U.S. Senator (1987-1993). Pre-1960 material includes items related to North Carolina's Pearsall Plan for public school desegregation. Materials from Sanford's years as governor include documentation on the Colored Orphanage Board, state-supported historically black colleges, and civil rights newspaper clippings.

GEORGE WASHINGTON SARGENT PAPERS, #4025, 1840-1900

Sargent, son of Winston Sargent, the first territorial governor of Mississippi, managed his family's extensive property holdings in Ohio, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Papers include an account book containing speeches and statements of political leaders concerning the North and South, slavery, and emancipation (1860- 1865). Microfilm available.

REED SARRATT PAPERS, #4549, 1930s-1960s

Correspondence, writings, notes, and other items of North Carolina journalist Sarratt, whose career included editorial posts at the Charlotte News and the Winston-Salem Journal and Twin City Sentinel and directorships of the Southern Education Reporting Service and the Southern Newspaper Publisher's Association. Papers reflect Sarratt's chief editorial interest in civil rights and his involvement in monitoring the desegregation of public schools.

SASSER FAMILY PAPERS, #3493, 1740-1855

Papers of John Sasser Sr. and his descendants relating to land and slaves in Wayne County, North Carolina. The collection includes slave bills of sale (1780-1803, 1855) and receipts for slave sales (1800s). Partial microfilm available.

WILLIAM PAGE SAUNDERS PAPERS, #1204, 1854-1856

A bill of sale for a female slave named "Emeline" or "Eveline" from Lewis Brown of Missouri to Saunders of New Orleans (1854) and a letter from F. L. Claiborne to Saunders discussing the physical problems with the same slave, whom he had purchased from Saunders, stating that she had a bad cough and a diseased leg, but that he intended to keep her and attempt to cure her (1856). Microfilm available.

WILLIAM RUTHERFORD SAVAGE PAPERS, #3999, 1826-1953

Collection includes a description of the lynching of a 16-year- old African-American boy in November 1885.

SAWYERS CREEK BAPTIST CHURCH RECORDS, #3724, 1815- 1937

Records, primarily church conference minutes of the Sawyers Creek Baptist Church, Camden County, North Carolina, founded ca. 1790. The collection also contains membership lists, which note African-American members. Microfilm available.

DAVID SCHENCK BOOKS, #652, 1849-1917

Includes diary entries describing Ku Klux Klan activities in Lincoln County, North Carolina.

MARTHA SCHOFIELD PAPERS, #999, 1865-1869

Diaries (1865, 1869) of Martha Schofield, a Northern Quaker teacher-missionary among African Americans on Wadmalaw Island and Johns Island (Charleston County) and at Aiken, South Carolina. The collection also contains a typescript of the farewell address by Lydia A. Schofield, teacher-missionary, on April 12, 1868, St. Helena Island, South Carolina. Microfilm available.

WILLIAM CONRAD SCHUTTE PAPERS, #3066, 1741-1844

Correspondence, deeds, personal and business accounts, promissory notes, wills, and miscellaneous papers relating to Schutte, physician and planter of Haiti. The Schutte family came to Portsmouth, Virginia, in the 1790s and subsequently lost their property in Haiti. Papers include three petitions from shipowners to the official at Port au Prince in regard to collecting from Schutte money due for the transport of slaves (1767, 1786); a letter to Schutte relating to a slave patient (1783); slave bills of sale, including names and ages (1785); a widow's claim to a slave named Fidele (1788); the division of slaves among inheritors and others (1818, 1822); a letter expressing the difficulties in selling a female slave (1825); and a copy of a letter written in St. Domingue at the beginning of the revolution, concerning the slaves there (1793). Microfilm available.

SCOTT FAMILY PAPERS, #4368, 1839-1867

Letters and a few other items chiefly relating to members of the Scott family of New Hampshire and Vermont. Rogene A. Scott Bailey, an avid abolitionist, discusses slavery in many letters sent home during her extensive stay in various southern states. She expresses her sympathy for slave house servants in Carter County, Kentucky (1858); Southern opposition to Northern abolitionists and the imagined consequences of a hypothetical slave insurrection (1859); her own ostracism due to her antislavery sentiments (1860-1861); and rumors of slave insurrections in the Tennessee countryside (1861). The collection also contains one letter to Nancy (Smith) Scott from a family friend who worked with freedmen in Wilmington, North Carolina (1864).

WHITEMARSH B. SEABROOK PAPERS, #2180-B, 1849-1852

Deeds and slave bills of sale for slaves sold at Edisto Island, Charleston, and St. Luke's Parish, South Carolina, by planter Seabrook and members of his family.

FREDERIC SEIP PAPERS, #3413, 1808-1908

Accounts, bills, receipts, and promissory notes of Seip, a doctor of Natchez, Mississippi, and a diary fragment written by Seip's grandson that records information about slaves at Oak Isle Plantation in Alexandria, Louisiana. The final item in the collection is a typescript of "The Burning of Alexandria, Louisiana, in May 1864," a paper delivered before a Confederate reunion that describes the history of Alexandria during the Civil War. Microfilm available.

ROBERT E. SEYMOUR PAPERS, #4554, 1941-1988

Papers of Seymour, a Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Baptist minister and activist, containing materials concerning race relations and integration in the 1960s.

WILLIAM A. SHAFFER PAPERS, #657, 1818-1921

Plantation journals, account books, scrapbooks, a diary, and financial and legal papers document the operation of the sugar plantations owned by the Shaffer family of Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana. The financial and legal papers contain slave bills of sale (1818-1857). There is also a scrapbook containing newspaper clippings relating to sugar legislation and race relations (1884- 1919). Microfilm available.

SHANKS FAMILY PAPERS, #2090, 1801-1923

Chiefly business papers, with scattered family correspondence and miscellaneous items, of the related families of tobacco planters William Shanks and William A. Moody of Granville County, North Carolina, and Mecklenburg County, Virginia. Business papers relate to the administration of estates and to plantation finances, and correspondence touches on slavery and overseer duties in North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Virginia. Included are slave bills of sale and slave lists (1801-1865).

ELI SHARPE PAPERS, #4347, 1810-1888

Primarily routine financial and legal materials relating to Eli Sharpe, planter and maker of whiskey, of Bellemont in Orange, later Alamance County, North Carolina. The collection includes items relating to the selling of slaves, as a result of settling estates (1840s), and also a slave bill of sale (1855).

JOHN MCKEE SHARPE PAPERS, #3592, 1793-1954

Papers of Sharpe of Statesville, North Carolina, consisting of his correspondence on family and local history and papers of his Sharpe and McKee ancestors of Iredell County, North Carolina. Papers belonging to Silas Alexander Sharpe, a colonel of the North Carolina Home Guard for Iredell and Alexander Counties, concern conscription, apprehension of deserters, and slaves detained to work at Ft. Fisher. Also includes a Maryland bond to a North Carolina resident demanding the delivery of a slave (1793); letters concerning the purchase of slaves (1846, 1849); letters describing race relations in Laurens District, South Carolina, during Reconstruction (1871); and early 1850s letters concerning the death of John Stevenson and the manumission of his slaves, who emigrated to Liberia.

LEANDER QUINCY SHARPE PAPERS, #2374, 1804-1875

Chiefly wills, deeds, legal correspondence and proceedings, and personal bills and accounts of Sharpe, an Iredell County, North Carolina lawyer. Included is a petition to the governor of North Carolina made by Sharpe on behalf of Mary W. Sparrow for reimbursement for the value of a slave she owned that died while working on fortifications at Wilmington, North Carolina (1865).

GEORGE CLAYTON SHAW BIOGRAPHICAL PAPERS, #3938, 1921- 1938

Memoirs, a photograph, and printed materials documenting the life and work of the African-American Rev. George C. Shaw, founder and longtime president of the Mary Potter School, a secondary school for African-American children at Oxford, North Carolina. The collection also records his work as pastor of the Timothy Darling Presbyterian Church; as a member of the Board of Trustees of Johnson C. Smith University, Charlotte, North Carolina; as chairman of the Board of Trustees of Oxford Colored Orphanage; as treasurer of the Teachers' Colored Association; and as a member of the Colored Masonic lodge and other fraternal organizations. Microfilm available.

WILLIAM NICHOLAS SHEATS PAPERS, #2999, 1912-1920

Papers of Sheats, Florida superintendent of education, documenting race issues in Florida politics, 1912-1920.

SILER FAMILY SLAVE RECORDS, #1718, 1804-1830

Brief notes of ages, years of birth, and other information about slaves belonging to the Siler family of Chatham County, North Carolina.

SILVER HILL MINING COMPANY LEDGER, #3152, 1859-1862; 1893

Accounts for equipment, supplies, and the hiring of slave labor by a New York mining company engaged in prospecting in Davidson County, North Carolina.

HENRY E. SIMMONS LETTERS, #3115, 1854-1865

Correspondence from Simmons of Rhode Island, who served as a sergeant in the Federal army, chiefly in the Washington D.C. and eastern Virginia areas. Letters emphasize personal religious efforts among the soldiers and include observations of freedmen employed by the Federal army. Includes three letters written while Simmons was principal of a freedmen's school at Arlington, Virginia (1865).

WILLIAM HENRY SIMS DIARY AND PAPERS, #1403, 1857- 1865

Diary and several loose family papers of Sims of Mississippi. Includes instructions to a plantation overseer in Alabama concerning the management of slaves (1857). Microfilm available.

SINGLETON FAMILY PAPERS, #668, 1759-1905

Correspondence, financial, legal, and other papers of the Singleton family, planters near Sumter, South Carolina. Correspondence covers various topics including purchase and sale of slaves and runaway slaves (1791, 1801-1820, 1821-1822). Financial papers contain accounts, bills, receipts and tax returns that document slavery including the purchase, hire, and medical treatment of slaves (1787-1852). Also included in the collection are bills of William Ellison, a free black craftsman (1820-1831); a bill and receipt for the capture and holding of a runaway slave (1827); an advertisement for the sale of slaves in Sumter (1838); a slave list (1849); a slave pass (1820); an agreement to purchase a factory and slaves who worked it (1843); a petition to send slaves to work on roads (1845); and a document on slaves charged with murder of an overseer (1843). Microfilm available.

SKINNER FAMILY PAPERS, #669, 1705-1900

Personal correspondence and papers, including financial and legal records, and plantation journals of four generations of the Skinner family, chiefly of North Carolina. Correspondence documents management of the family's plantations in Edenton, Bertie, Perquimans, and Chowan Counties, North Carolina, discusses problems with slaves and slave management (1823, 1861, 1863) and the family's relationship with their slaves (1849). Also included are wills that mention the purchase of slaves (1816); slave lists that record the names, ages, skills, dates of birth, deaths, sales, and sometimes escapes, of family slaves (1843-1860); and a list of slave "women having children and annual increase."

SLACK FAMILY PAPERS, #3598, 1805-1891

Personal and family correspondence and financial, legal, and military papers of the Slack family of Iberville Parish, Louisiana. Originally from Massachusetts, the Slacks were first cotton and then sugar planters with some family members serving in the Confederacy. The collection contains papers relating to slave purchases and sales (1828, 1831), a list of slave names, and an 1867 farming contract between Henry Richmond Slack and African Americans. Microfilm available.

SLAVERY JUSTIFICATION ESSAYS, #2597, ca. 1854

A manuscript volume containing essays and dialogue supporting a biblical defense of slavery and criticism of abolitionists and Northern clergy (ca. 1854).

SLAVERY PAPERS--MISCELLANEOUS, #2092, 1799-1818

Miscellaneous papers relating to slavery, including an undated slave list (no place indicated); a copy of a slave pass written by Major Hugh Lide, formerly a senator from Darlington, South Carolina (n.d.); a copy of New York City court records of cases relating to slavery (1799-1818); a bill of sale for a slave in Stokes County, North Carolina (1801); and a bill of sale for a slave referred to as "Negro Boy Peter," conveyed by Kendrick Myatt to the Misses Pulliam, Raleigh, North Carolina.

JOSIAH SMITH JR. LETTER BOOK, #3018, 1771-1784

Business and personal letters of Smith, a merchant, financial agent, and Revolutionary War patriot of Charleston, South Carolina. Most of the letters address English merchants, English and American clients, and ministers and members of the Presbyterian church, and discuss the purchase of slaves, slave illnesses, and other plantation news; the housing, clothing, care, and sale of slaves; a 1774 controversy between the governor and the assembly of South Carolina concerning the importation of slaves; and fear of a slave revolt (1775). Microfilm available.

PETER EVANS SMITH PAPERS, #677, 1738-1944

Personal and business papers of Smith of Halifax County, North Carolina, and of his relatives. The collection documents slaves, tenant farmers, and laborers. Antebellum correspondence mention runaway slaves, the hiring of slaves (1822-1849), and information on the skills of particular slaves. The collection also contains slave lists, slave bills of sale, accounts for the hire of slaves, slave medical bills, and deeds of gift transferring ownership of slaves (1739-1865); accounts for items purchased for slaves (1865); labor contracts for freedmen (1866-1868); account books with information on slave hiring (1823-1831); and slave lists (1858-1866). Included is a document presumably recording payment to a female slave "healer" for her medical services (1830) and two photographs of African Americans in Edwards Ferry, 1888, and at the Jamestown Exposition.

PETER FRANCISCO SMITH PAPER, #563, 1902

An essay or speech by Smith, an Atlanta lawyer, entitled "Tribute to the Character of the Old Time Slave."

WILLIAM RUFFIN SMITH PAPERS, #678, 1772-1959

Chiefly business papers of the Smith family of Halifax County, North Carolina, with estate papers relating to the Spruill and other connected families. The collection contains a list of slave dates of birth (1775-1849); a certificate of marriage for free blacks Richard Smith and Tracey Laurence (1868); and an undated brief essay by Claiborne Smith entitled "The Post Emancipation Negro."

SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD RECORDS #680, 1898-1925

The Southern Education Board, established in 1901, was the executive branch of the Conference for Education in the South, whose goal it was to promote Southern education, particularly in rural areas. The collection consists of correspondence, reports, minutes, scrapbooks, and other papers relating to the Board's activities. Included are several reports and scrapbook series that focus on African-American education and related issues (1898- 1914; 1899-1907; 1900-1910). Microfilm available.

SOUTHERN FOLK CULTURAL REVIVAL PROJECT COLLECTION, #20004, 1970s-1980s

Collection containing extensive documentation of the SFCRP's involvement with Civil Rights issues and folk music in the 1970s and early 1980s. Includes several hundred audio and video recordings of concerts, festivals, radio broadcasts, as well as planning sessions and board meetings. In addition there are over 30 linear feet of manuscript material relating to the organization and its activities. These materials include correspondence, business records, photographs, artist files, promotional materials, and other documentation.

SOUTHERN FOLKLIFE GENERAL COLLECTION, #30000, var.d

This collection contains numerous artificially created collections of materials organized by format and/or content. Materials relating to African-American culture are scattered throughout the extensive holdings and range from commercially released sound recordings (LPs, 45s, 78s) to artist files, subject files, discographical research files, periodicals, ephemera, books, sheet music, and photographs. Published sound recordings number over 40,000 and contain extensive documentation of black musical expression, religious life, and popular culture. Genres captured in these recordings span nearly every known form of African-American music ranging from delta blues to doo wop and from sanctified gospel to work songs. Access is primarily by individual or group artist name, but staff can help locate material by subject or genre as well. Includes tapes from a radio program series focusing on African-American musical expression. The series was produced by the John Edwards Memorial Foundation and broadcast at UCLA in 1968. The series was part of a larger series entitled "Old Time Record Review," described as "a radio program of authentic American folk music as it was produced on commercial records for the folk audience." Most selections were dubbed for the various programs from 78-rpm disks recorded in the 1920s and 1930s. Individual programs include "Introduction to Negro Music," "Early Country Blues," "12-String Guitar," "Texas and Mississippi Country Blues," "Depression Blues," "Lonnie Johnson," "Queens of the Blues," "Piano Blues" (2 parts), "Big Bill Broonzy," "Memphis Minnie," and "Negro Religions." [12 reels, FT1598-FT1609]

SOUTHERN JUSTICE INSTITUTE RECORDS, #4704, 1978- 1993

Records of the public interest law firm formed to provide legal aid and assistance to racial and other minorities in the South. Primarily court documents and case files relating to racial discrimination, obstruction of voting rights, and school segregation disputes.

SOUTHERN ORAL HISTORY COLLECTION, #4007

Includes oral history interviews with African-American politicians, businessmen, civic leaders, activists, high school principals, college teachers, students, historians, journalists, workers, and other categories of people. Collection consists of audio tapes and transcripts. Prominent African Americans interviewed include Georgia legislator and civil rights leader Julian Bond; clergyman, civil rights leader, and later ambassador, Congressman, and Atlanta mayor Andrew Young; Douglas Wilder, who was later governor of Virginia; director of Soul City, Warren County Commission chairperson, and later U.S. Representative from North Carolina Eva Clayton; environmental activist Dollie Burwell; historian John Hope Franklin; author, lawyer, and Episcopal priest Pauli Murray; Communist Party member and labor organizer Hosea Hudson; and attorney, civil rights leader, and business executive Floyd McKissick.

Of particular relevance are the following interview series:

• A. Southern Politics. Includes interviews conducted by Jack Bass and Walter DeVries in 1973-1975 about southern politics and by John Egerton in 1990-1991 about southern liberalism. Bass and DeVries conducted about 300 interviews with political leaders, journalists, political scientists, union officials, civil rights activists, and others in eleven Southern states. African-American interviewees include Julian Bond, Andrew Young, and Douglas Wilder. Egerton conducted 32 interviews focusing on opportunities for positive action on civil rights in the post-World War II period, especially on the respondents' activities between 1945 and 1950. African Americans interviewed by Egerton include publisher and Arkansas NAACP president Daisy Bates, Kentucky teacher Lyman Johnson, author and activist Margaret Walker, economist and sociologist Hylan Lewis, and Mississippi journalist William Gordon. Additionally, as part of a series on North Carolina politics since 1965, interviews have been conducted with notable African-American political leaders including Rep. Eva Clayton, Rep. Melvin Watt, Dr. Reginald Hawkins, state supreme court justice Hon. Henry Frye, state Rep. Mickey Michaux, state senator William Martin, and former state senator Howard Lee.
• B. Individual Biographies. Includes 70 tapes of interviews with Hosea Hudson and interviews with a few other African Americans. Also here are interviews with scholars Arthur Raper, Guy B. Johnson, and Rupert B. Vance, who studied African Americans and race relations; with white civil rights activists Frank Porter Graham, Paul Green, Howard Kester, and Marion Allen Wright; with staff members of the Commission on Interracial Cooperation and the Southern Regional Council; and with Laurie Pritchett, chief of police in Albany, Georgia, in the 1960s.
• C. Notable North Carolinians. Includes interviews with prominent African Americans in North Carolina, including North Carolina Mutual executives and Durham, North Carolina, civic leaders Asa T. Spaulding and William Clement; Durham City School Board chair and Durham County Commissioner Josephine Dobbs Clement; Charlotte mayor Harvey Gantt; and Supreme Court Justice Henry E. Frye; and with both black and white civil rights leaders. Also included are interviews with African- American residents of Raleigh, who were interviewed as part of the Raleigh Roots Project; interviews with members of the Pearsall Committee about North Carolina's school desegregation plan; and an interview with James McMillan, the U.S. District Court judge who ruled on school desegregation cases in Charlotte, North Carolina.
• E. Labor. Includes interviews conducted in 1974-1979 with food workers, members of the Black Student Organizing Committee, and others about the University of North Carolina food workers' strikes in 1969. Most of the striking workers were African-American women.
• F. Fellowship of Southern Churchmen. Interviews, 1983-1985, with members of this interracial, interdenominational organization of clergymen. The Fellowship first met in 1934. It worked closely with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the Anti- Defamation League of B'nai B'rith to improve social conditions in the South.
• G. Southern Women. Includes interviews with black and white women who were involved in the civil rights movement, and interviews with grassroots activists, as well as with other southern women. A considerable number of the women interviewed were affiliated with the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the Southern Conference for Human Welfare, or the Young Women's Christian Association. Among African-American women interviewed were Daisy Bates; Pauli Murray; teacher and activist Septima Poinsette Clark; environmental activist Dollie Burwell; and funeral home operators Lorena Barnum Sabbs and Thelma Barnum.
• K. Communities. Includes interviews with Goshen community members working to preserve African- American-owned farmland and Goshen's cemetery. Interviewed were Hattie Loftin Brown, Elvira Williams, Cornelius Jordon, Austin Smith, William Kinsey, Leora Murray, and Iris Billahunt Brown.
• L. University of North Carolina History. Includes interviews with Floyd McKissick; journalism professor Blyden Jackson; and Karen Stevenson, track athlete at UNC and the first African-American woman Rhodes Scholar. Also includes interviews with Edwin Lee Caldwell Sr., public housing advocate and career employee of DKE fraternity, and Edwin Lee Caldwell Jr., chemist, political leader, and state personnel officer. The Caldwell family has been connected with the University since the 1790s.
• M. Black High School Principals. Includes interviews, 1990-1991, with current and former black high school principals about the influence of societal change on their perceptions of their work roles. A specific topic of discussion was the effects of school desegregation on role perceptions.
• O. Foundation History. Includes interviews, 1995, about the work of the North Carolina Fund, an antipoverty program funded by the Ford Foundation, the Z. Smith Reynolds Foundation, the Mary Reynolds Babcock Foundation, the Office of Economic Opportunity, and the U.S. Department of Labor. Those interviewed include student volunteers, foundation officers, policy makers, and residents of communities where the Fund operated.
• P. The Press and the Civil Rights Movement. Approximately 50 interviews with prominent editors and reporters who covered the civil rights movement in the 1960s. The interviews explore the ways in which the news media covered the story and how the movement and the media were changed as a result.

SOUTHERN TENANT FARMERS UNION PAPERS, #3472, 1934- 1967

The papers of an interracial organization of sharecroppers, tenant farmers, and small landowners based in Arkansas, but active throughout the South. Formed to challenge many of the injustices remaining from the old plantation system, the Union papers include thousands of letters from members, including African-American sharecroppers.

SOUTHWEST INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN (Oral Histories of Low Income and Minority Women), #4608, 1970s-1992

Transcriptions of interviews conducted by Fran Leeper Buss at the University of Arizona during the 1970s and 1980s, which include twelve interviews with African-American women. The interviews cover all aspects of their lives, including their personal experiences, feelings, attitudes, and interactions with others.

E. B. SPALDING PAPERS, #1106, 1800-1912

Collected records of slaves and free blacks in the Union Army.

BEN SPARKMAN PLANTATION JOURNAL, #3574, 1848-1859

Plantation journal kept by Sparkman, a rice planter who owned or managed at least three plantations, probably in the Georgetown District of South Carolina. Most entries note slave tasks in planting, harvesting, and cultivating crops, and in various other farm-related duties. Brief descriptions of these activities usually distinguish between labor performed by men and women. Microfilm available.

WILLIAM ERVINE SPARKMAN PLANTATION JOURNAL, #681, 1833- 1888

One volume containing a wide variety of entries relating to Cottage and Springwood Plantations on the Black River in South Carolina. Most entries relate to agricultural activities and often distinguish between work performed by male and female slaves. The journal also includes inventories of slaves, slave birth and death records, dates and circumstances of slave purchases, accounts of blanket and clothing distributions, and work details. Microfilm available.

SPARKMAN FAMILY PAPERS, #2791, 1811-1904

Correspondence, legal, and financial documents of Dr. James A. Sparkman, physician and rice planter of Georgetown District, South Carolina. The collection contains slave lists (1854, 1845-1848, 1851, 1853-1861) and physician's accounts, which include several entries for free blacks. Microfilm only.

THOMAS SPARROW PAPERS, #1878, 1835-1871

Papers of Thomas Sparrow, a lawyer, state legislator, and Confederate major of Washington (Beaufort County), North Carolina. Includes a record of the legal case State v. Dawson Wiggins, in which Wiggins, a black man, is charged with stealing on board a boat (1855). Postwar items include a manuscript speech given to African Americans (1867).

SPEARS AND HICKS FAMILY PAPERS, #4622, 1852-1917

Primarily personal letters detailing the family, social, and financial affairs of members of the Spears, Hicks and related Gray, Warren, Glasgow, and Lewis families of various states. Topics discussed include slavery in Virginia (1852-1861); race relations in England (1880); and white relations with black servants in West Virginia (1908-1917). The collection also contains a slave list (1861).

ABRAHAM S. SPENGLER LETTER, #3221, 1859

One letter from Spengler to his brother reporting news from the northern Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, including threats against abolitionists, probably after the John Brown raid.

SPRINGS FAMILY PAPERS, #4121, 1772-1924

Family and business papers of the Springs family of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, and York District, South Carolina, including Baxter family correspondence. The collection includes papers referring to the murder of two white men by a runaway slave in South Carolina (1838); the capture of several runaways in Texas (1856, 1859); the workload and illnesses of South Carolina slaves (1837-44); a slave suicide in Mississippi (1845); a "stolen" Mississippi slave (1846); rumors of overseers murdered by slaves (1847); a North Carolina legal case which sentenced a slave to hang (1849); the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act (1850); the shooting of a slave who was found inside an unidentified Georgia woman's house (1850); arson attempts by two young slaves in Camden, South Carolina (1850); the flogging of slaves (1853); a discussion of secession and the reopening of the slave trade (1859); a white family accused of helping local slaves plan a rebellion in Rock Hill, Virginia (1860); rumors that blacks near Rock Hill committed "outrages" against white women (1861); many letters commenting on the "Negro Question" (1866-70); the treatment of whites by blacks in Springfield, Virginia (1865); a claim that free labor was ruining the South (1868); Ku Klux Klan activities in Cedar Spring and Mebanville, Virginia (1868, 1869); and slave bills of sale. Microfilm only.

RICHARD STANFORD PAPERS, #2096, 1767-1842

Correspondence and scattered family papers of Stanford, planter of Hawfields, Person County, North Carolina, and Democratic- Republican U.S. Representative, 1797-1816. Family letters relay instructions on the care of slaves (1806-1808) and discuss sicknesses among slaves (1842).

FRANK F. STEEL LETTERS, #688, 1859-1861

Steel of Ohio was apparently employed as a tutor or contract worker on a plantation in Mississippi and in Lexington, Kentucky. The collection consists of letters written by Steel to his sister, Anna Steel, which discuss the treatment and condition of Miss. slaves and express his "Northern prejudice" against blacks. Microfilm available.

JOHN STEELE PAPERS, #689, 1716-1846

Various papers of the family of John Steele, a Rowan County, North Carolina, merchant, planter, banker, influential Federalist, state, and national politician. Correspondence includes information on a slave hired out to a South Carolina man and subsequently returned because of her "misconduct" with the agent who hired her (1835) and the request of a family slave, Alfred Steele, to live in Raleigh so he might be close to his wife (1835). Also included are slave bills of sale (1716-1780) and tax papers listing Steele slaves by age and gender (1814).

OLIVE MATTHEWS STONE PAPERS, #4107, 1838-1977

Personal and professional correspondence, subject files, writings, and various other personal papers of Stone, an associate professor in the School of Social Welfare, UCLA, 1949-1964. The papers reflect Stone's wide interests in social welfare, race relations, and southern farmers. The collection contains material on various aspects of the lives of African Americans in Gee's Bend, Wilcox County, Alabama (1962, 1977). Also included is information on Stone's involvement in the Southern Committee for People's Rights, the Southern Conference for Human Welfare, and the Southern Negro Youth Congress.

STONEY AND PORCHER FAMILY PAPERS, #823, 1799-1862

Records of Charleston District, South Carolina, plantations, including the daily plantation journal of Thomas Porcher; the plantation and slave records of Peter Gaillard Stoney; and the personal diary and notes of Isaac DuBose Porcher. Stoney's papers include the names and records of slaves held at Back River in 1835, 1844, 1854, and 1858-1860. Microfilm available.

ANNE C. STOUFFER FOUNDATION RECORDS, #4556, 1966- 1980s

Correspondence, reports, student files, photographs, audio tapes, and other materials relating to the Anne C. Stouffer Foundation's work in integrating southern prep schools. The foundation was established in 1967 by Anne Forsyth of Winston- Salem, North Carolina, and ended in 1975 when the goal of integration was perceived to be largely achieved. Note: Collection contains restricted materials.

ROBERT STRANGE PAPERS, #1296, 1837-1865

Letters to Strange, lawyer of Wilmington, North Carolina, chiefly from his father, Robert Strange, a lawyer, judge, legislator, and U.S. Senator from Fayetteville, North Carolina. The collection includes a letter from the senior Strange giving advice on a legal case involving the status of a woman who was considered a free black (1851) and a letter (1865) discussing the evacuation of Wilmington, North Carolina, and the whereabouts of evacuated slaves. Microfilm available.

JAMES R. STUART RECOLLECTIONS, #702, n.d

Stuart's memories of his boyhood holiday visits to the antebellum plantation "Ronplemonde," probably located in Georgia. Papers include descriptions of the holiday activities of slaves. Carbon typescript only.

GEORGE COFFIN TAYLOR COLLECTION, #2502, 1805-1943

Scattered unrelated items collected by Taylor pertaining to horse racing, slavery, the Civil War, and private life, chiefly in South Carolina. Letters discuss a mortgage on a young slave from the George Taylor estate (1823); trouble concerning an Alabama woman's slave in Boston (1839-1840); slave sales in Alabama (1847); and the case of the murder of a freedman by two white men (1866).

TEMPLEMAN AND GODWIN ACCOUNT BOOK, #3508, 1849-1851

Account book of a Richmond firm that bought slaves in Virginia and sold them in the lower South, showing the Virginia price of slaves, the names of purchasers, and the prices paid. Microfilm available.

LEWIS THOMPSON PAPERS, #716, 1723-1894

Papers of Thompson, a North Carolina political leader and owner of plantations near Woodville (also called Hotel), Bertie County, North Carolina, and at Bayou Boeuf, near Alexandria, Louisiana. The collection consists chiefly of correspondence, accounts, bills, receipts, and sharecropping documents relating to the production and sale of wheat and cotton in Bertie County in North Carolina and sugar in Rapides Parish, Louisiana. Included are slave lists (1792, 1830, 1850); records of slave purchases and sales (1812, 1820, 1859, 1860); a letter written on behalf of a slave in Orange County, North Carolina, to a slave who had apparently been purchased by Lewis Thompson (1860); several sharecropping agreements between freedmen and Thomas W. Thompson (1865); a letter from William Thompson about taking some of his black workers to register to vote (1867); and a record book registering accounts with black sharecroppers. Microfilm available.

THOMPSON FAMILY PAPERS, #1460, 1809-1924

Chiefly family letters and financial and legal materials of the Thompson family of Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi, and the related Malone family of Alabama. An account book belonging to Goodloe W. Malone contains a slave list of about 70 names and ages. Microfilm available.

DAVID FRANKLIN THORPE PAPERS #4262, 1854-1944

Business and personal papers of businessman and planter Thorpe, including correspondence, diaries, and account books regarding cotton production and trade in the Sea Islands and Rhode Island. Diaries discuss plantation affairs and slave and free labor (1861- 1869), while correspondence mentions religious practices of freedmen. Included in the collection are several letters from northern friends and family members who were abolitionists and a booklet of slave songs (folder 24).

MANUEL J. THOUSTON LETTER, #719, 1865

Letter to Thouston of Gloucester County, Virginia, from his former slave, Isabella C. Sourtan, of Liberty, Virginia, in which she asks to return and work for her former master. Photostatic copy.

THOMAS P. F. THREEWITS PAPERS, #2529, 1846-1867

Miscellaneous items including slave bills of sale (1853-1858), involving Threewits of Columbus, Georgia, as buyer or seller.

ANNIE BLACKWELL THORNE COLLECTION, #4521, 1769-1965

Correspondence, legal and financial materials, and genealogical papers of the Alston, Harriss, Kearny, Thorne, and related families, primarily of Warren and Halifax Counties, North Carolina. Financial materials contain information documenting transactions relating to the buying and selling of slaves (1786- 1839).

TILLMAN AND NORWOOD LEDGERS, #2901, 1859-1868

Two ledgers related to the medical practice of James A. Tillman and John Norwood, physicians of Crawford, Russell County, Alabama. The ledgers record date of patient treatment and payment received, and indicate which patients were African Americans. Microfilm available.

DANIEL AUGUSTUS TOMPKINS, #724, 1838-1919

Correspondence and other papers of Tompkins of Charlotte, North Carolina, an engineer, iron and textile manufacturer, member of the U.S. Industrial Commission, and publisher of the Charlotte Observer and the Greenville (South Carolina) News. Topics reflected in the collection include blacks living in Ontario (1908) and the racial climate in the South (1909). Microfilm available.

TOOLE FAMILY PAPERS, #4252, 1756-1894

Predominantly items related to the buying and selling of land in Edgecombe County, North Carolina, where the Toole family were property owners. The collection also includes several slave bills of sale (1840s, 1850s). Microfilm available.

WILLIAM HENRY TRIPP AND ARAMINTA GUILFORD TRIPP PAPERS, #4551, 1801-1910

Personal correspondence and financial and legal papers of the Tripps, who grew corn and other crops in Durham's Creek, Beaufort County, North Carolina. William Tripp was a state legislator in the 1850s and served as a captain in the Confederate Army. Letters cover various topics, including detailed instructions on plantation management and treatment of slaves (1862) and opinions on the future of slavery (1864). Financial materials include slave bills of sale (1860s). Microfilm available.

NICHOLAS PHILIP TRIST PAPERS, #2104, 1765-1903

Chiefly family correspondence, particularly among the women, of the Trist and Randolph families in Virginia and Louisiana. Several letters document dramatic changes in racial relationships brought about by emancipation, including claims against the efficacy of the Freedmen's Bureau (1866-1869) in Virginia.

RUFFIN S. TUCKER PAPERS, #4595, 1811-1924

Primarily the financial and legal papers of Tucker, merchant of Raleigh, North Carolina. The papers include an 1827 slave bill of sale from Washington County, North Carolina.

TUCKER FAMILY PAPERS, #2605, 1790-1932

Primarily the papers of John Randolph Tucker of Virginia, constitutional lawyer and politician, and of his son, Henry St. George Tucker, lawyer and politician. Papers include materials relating to Henry St. George Tucker's opposition to federal anti- lynching measures.

ALLEN TULLOS COLLECTION, #20043, 1975

Interview with Frank Pickett, an African American in Mooresville, Limestone County, Alabama (1975), recorded by Allen Tullos. Topics covered include sharecropping and World War I; also, Mr. Pickett sings gospel songs and tells the story of how the expression "unh-huh" came about. [1 reel, FT1285] Interview with Pickett and Frank Staton of Marion, Alabama, both recorded by Tullos in 1975. Mr. Staton performs songs with guitar accompaniment. [1 reel, FT1295]

PRESTON H. TURNER PAPERS, #3332, 1820-1906

Personal and business papers of Turner of North Carolina. The collection includes a slave list (1800-1855) and a tribute by Turner to his former slave and lifelong friend, Jake Turner (1906).

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL ARCHIVES

The University Archives documents African-American students and faculty through administrative records as well as the desegregation of both the Chapel Hill campus and the UNC system. A Guide to the Archives of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (1995) gives a detailed overview of the records. Some relevant record groups include:

• Office of the Chancellor (1919-1988): includes documentation on campus desegregation.
• Office of the Chancellor. Assistants to the Chancellor: Bentley Renwick series (1977-1978): includes proposal for UNC-CH campus recruitment and retention of minority students.
• Graduate Studies and Research. Associate Dean/Special Assistant to the Dean of the Graduate School (1969-1981): includes correspondence and files pertaining to the recruitment of minority students.
• Student Affairs. Office of the Vice Chancellor for Student Affairs (1920-1990): includes information on student admissions.
• Office of the President: Frank Porter Graham files (1932- 1949): Graham was the first President of the Consolidated University of North Carolina; his files contain records relating to desegregation.
• Office of the President: William C. Friday files (1957- 1986): contains files pertaining to desegregation and the related lawsuit filed by the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Also includes files pertaining to the Black Faculty and Staff Caucus and the Black Student Union.

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL FOLKLORE ARCHIVES, #20108, 1976-1985

• Bull City Blues workshop recorded at the North Carolina Folk Festival held at Eno River State Park, Durham, North Carolina, in July 1976. African-American blues and gospel artists include: Arthur Lyons, John Dee Holeman, Odell Thompson, Jim Page, Elizabeth Cotten, and the Golden Echoes. [6 reels, FT1184- FT1189]
• Dub of National Public Radio program "Folk Festival U.S.A." broadcast in February 1980. Program deals with relationship between Cajun and African-American Creole music traditions in Louisiana. Hosted by Noah Adams with Nicholas Spitzer, commentator. [2 reels, FT1201-FT1202]
• Recordings of Richard "Big Boy" Henry performing blues with guitar accompaniment, in Studio D of WUNC Radio (1982). [5 reels, FT1389-FT1393]
• Recordings of a concert held at the UNC Student Union in 1985. Concert was entitled Black Traditions in Music, Dance, and Verse. Performers include Fris Holloway, Spoons Williams, John Dee Holeman, Groove Phi Groove, MC Power Lords (rapping and mixing), and Street Justice. [5 reels, FT1655-FT1659]
• Recordings of a forum on "Black American Folklife" held at the UNC Student Union in March 1985. Featured panelists include Charles Joyner, Holly Mathews, Daryl Dance, and Glenn Hinson. [5 reels, FT1660-FT1664]

WILLIAM E. UZZELL COLLECTION, #4276, 1787-1949

Letters and other papers collected by Uzzell of Atlanta, Georgia. Included are references to the abolition movement (1840) and comments on a proslavery election victory in the Kansas Territory (1855).

HERBERT EUGENE VALENTINE PAPERS #4397, 1861-1864

Personal diary of Valentine, who served in eastern Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina with the 23d Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers during the Civil War. Entries record Valentine's general observations of free blacks and slaves, including notes on music, dancing, and singing. Valentine also notes a Union general's praise of an all-black regiment, and white soldiers' reactions to the incorporation of a black regiment into a formerly all-white brigade. Microfilm available.

WILLIAM D. VALENTINE DIARY, #2148, 1837-1855

The personal diary of Valentine, a lawyer practicing in the courts of a four-county area of northeastern North Carolina (Hertford, Bertie, Gates, and Northampton Counties). The 15 volumes contain discussion of rape charges brought against a black man by a white woman and the man's subsequent hanging (1838); abolition (1840, 1849, 1850); the shooting of a runaway slave (1845); a case of miscegenation which appeared in the Gates County Court (1846); slavery, slaves, and free blacks within various communities in eastern North Carolina (1850-1853); a prayer meeting of blacks (1851); the legal rights and community status of free blacks (1853); and the impact a large number of free black residents had upon the community of Winston (1853).

COURTLAND VAN RENSSELAER LETTER FRAGMENT, #3296, 1835- 1836

Pages 2-4 of a letter to the Reverend Van Rensselaer of Prince Edward and Halifax Counties, Virginia, who gave religious instruction to slaves on Virginia plantations for about one year until opposition to his activities forced him to move North. Written by Samuel S. Davis of Camden, South Carolina, the letter discusses the antislavery movement in which both men were involved.

ZEBULON BAIRD VANCE PAPERS, #3952, 1824-1915

Contains correspondence about a Danville, Virginia, race riot in 1883.

SARAH LOUIS WADLEY PAPERS, #1258, 1849-1886

Diary and miscellaneous papers of Wadley, who lived in Tangipahoa and Ouachita Parishes, Louisiana, and near Macon, Georgia. Entries document the opinions and experiences of a young La. woman just before and during the Civil War. Included are mentions of "perfidious abolitionists" (1860), trepidation concerning the impending war (1860), the offering of church communion to blacks (1861), and a long lamentation over the defeat of the Confederacy (1865). Microfilm available.

A. WALKER AND A. T. WALKER ACCOUNT BOOK, 2139, 1851- 1861

Account book of the Walkers containing a record of the slave trade between Rockingham County, North Carolina, and Caswell County, Alabama. Microfilm available.

JOHN WALKER PAPERS, #2300, 1824-1867

A seven-volume journal kept by Walker related to his Chatham Hill, Virginia, plantation describes plantation finances and slavery in and around King and Queen Counties, Virginia. This collection is a source of slave genealogy, activities, and slave/owner relationship; it documents slave births, illnesses, marriages, medical treatments, purchases and sales, and describes the hierarchical nature of slavery in Tidewater Virginia (1832- 1837). Walker mentions skilled slaves and discusses several examples of slave resistance, including escape, stealing food, and poisoning owners. The journal also records Walker's punishment of slaves and describes the death of a slave from venereal disease and Walker's subsequent order to whip several slaves on the charge that they had acted as procurers of slave women for a local brothel catering to white men (1834). Microfilm available.

WALLACE AND GAGE FAMILY PAPERS, #2567, 1846-1901

Primarily the papers of William Henry Wallace of Union County, South Carolina, Confederate brigadier general and state legislator. The papers chiefly relate to Reconstruction and to the estate of his father, Daniel Wallace. Also included is a letter from African-American politician Samuel H. Bennett which concerns issues of race (1878). Microfilm available.

ADELAIDE WALTERS PAPERS, #4293, 1954-1981

Correspondence, writings, clippings, and other papers related to the community, political, and governmental activities of Walters of Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The collection documents her activities on behalf of political candidates, the Chapel Hill Board of Aldermen (1957-1965), the Board of Directors of the Community Church of Chapel Hill, and the Inter-Church Council for Social Service. Papers include information on the passage of a local public accommodations law (1963-1964) by the Board of Aldermen at a time when civil rights activities in Chapel Hill made national news.

JOSEPH FREDERICK WARING, #1664, 1853-1882

Correspondence, clippings, a diary, and other miscellaneous papers of Waring of Savannah, Georgia, a Lieutenant Colonel in the Jeff Davis Legion. The collection includes a pamphlet entitled "Relation of the Church to the Colored Race," by the Reverend Joseph Louis Tucker of Jackson, Mississippi (1882). Microfilm available.

HENRY CLAY WARMOTH PAPERS, #752, 1798-1953

Political correspondence, business records, and other papers of Warmoth, an Illinois native, Federal army officer, controversial Reconstruction governor of Louisiana, Republican party leader, sugar planter, and railroad manager. A journal of Magnolia Plantation contains slave lists and work assignments (1856-59) and various slave records (1828-1863). Microfilm available.

JACK WARREN PAPERS, #673, 1787

Legal papers which concern a dispute in Norwich, Connecticut, over Jack (a.k.a. Will) Warren's status as free or slave.

WASHINGTON MINE ACCOUNT BOOK, #2161, 1845-1846

Daybook of a general merchandise business at Washington Mine, probably the precursor of Silver Hill Mine, Davidson County, North Carolina. A few entries are labeled "Negro Expenses."

EDWARD WASMUTH DIARY, #3571, 1865

Diary of Wasmuth, an Illinois Methodist minister who worked as an agent of the United States Christian Commission among soldiers in Memphis, Tennessee, and mingled with the local black population. The diary records conversations with southerners and soldiers concerning the Civil War and slavery.

MARY WAYNE WATSON COLLECTION, #20135, 1972

Spirituals and gospel singing by Mary Eliza Graham, the Echoes of Zion Gospel Singers, and Novella Covington (age 71), recorded by Mary Watson in Wagram, North Carolina (1972). [2 reels, FT1731-FT1732]

THOMAS E. WATSON PAPERS, #755, 1863-1988

Business and professional papers of Watson of Thomson, Georgia, a lawyer, Populist Party candidate for U.S. vice-president in 1896 and for president in 1904 and 1908, senator, author, and newspaper and journal publisher. Included are Watson's attack on President Grover Cleveland for refusing to dine with Booker T. Washington (1904) and letters of support and defamation of Watson's editorials on race, which reflect his initial support of the inclusion of blacks in the agrarian movement and his later shift to black disenfranchisement (1905-1907). Also included are letters of praise from the Ku Klux Klan (1921). Microfilm available.

WILLIS DUKE WEATHERFORD PAPERS, #3831, 1911-1969

Professional and personal papers of Weatherford, president of the Blue Ridge Assembly, Black Mountain, North Carolina, 1906- 1944; president of the YMCA Graduate School, Nashville, Tennessee, 1919-1946; trustee of Berea College, Berea, Kentucky, 1916-1962; faculty member of Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee, 1936- 1946; director of the Southern Appalachian Studies Project, 1956- 1968; and lifelong student of race relations in the South. Materials relating to African Americans can be found throughout the collection. The papers contain information on the courses Weatherford taught at the YMCA Graduate School; problems of interracial conferences in an era of segregation; his efforts to achieve racial equality in YMCA institutions (1919-1936); and his activities in the Committee for Youth Work Among Negroes (especially 1945). Weatherford's participation in a variety of interracial organizations, especially the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, and his research on race relations are particularly well documented.

STEPHEN BEAUREGARD WEEKS PAPERS, #762, 1746-1941

This collection includes letters from African-American authors W. H. Quick and David Bryant Fulton, dated 1905 and 1914, respectively. It also contains a manuscript copy of Weeks's book, Southern Quakers and Slavery (published 1896).

ELIZA MARY BOND WEISSINGER PAPERS, #4443, 1785-1868

Correspondence, financial and legal papers, and other materials of Weissinger of Hillsborough, North Carolina. Several letters relate to slaves and slavery (1785-1805; 1819-1831).

BRUCE WESTBROOK COLLECTION, #20145, 1971

Interview with Henry Atwater who also performs several incomplete blues songs with harmonica accompaniment, recorded by Bruce Westbrook in [Carrboro?], North Carolina, 1971. [1 reel, FT1815]

THOMAS JACKSON WHITE JR. PAPERS, #4231, 1933-1977

Papers of White, a former North Carolina state legislator and lobbyist. Includes documents pertaining to his recommending interposition as the best method of meeting the Supreme Court's Brown vs. Board of Education decision during a 1956 extra session of the North Carolina State Legislature.

WEEDON AND WHITEHURST FAMILY PAPERS, #4057, 1824-1869; 1932- 1966

Scattered business papers, commissions and army orders, and letters of Frederick Weedon, physician of St. Augustine, Florida; of his daughter, Henrietta Williams Weedon Whitehurst; and of her husband, Daniel Winchester Whitehurst, newspaper editor, physician, and member of the American Colonization Society. Papers refer to Whitehurst's activities in Liberia with the Colonization Society and the estate of Weedon and the sale of his slaves. Included are letters concerning the activities of the American Colonization Society (1834-1835) and slave bills of sale (1847, 1860-1861). Microfilm available.

RAYMOND MILNER WHEELER PAPERS, #4366, 1936-1982

Correspondence, writings and speeches, pamphlets, and clippings relating primarily to the social justice activities of Wheeler of Charlotte, North Carolina, a University of North Carolina graduate, internist, civil rights activist, and advocate for better health care and nutrition for the poor. The collection documents Wheeler's activities as chairman of the Executive Committee of the Southern Regional Council (1964-1969) and as its president (1969-1974). He also participated in a field study of health and living conditions of African-American children in two rural Mississippi counties in 1967, and in the same year testified before the U.S. Senate's Employment, Manpower, and Poverty Subcommittee (access restricted).

CARY WHITAKER PAPERS, #767, 1798-1930

The collection contains a diary, notebook, and papers of Whitaker, a student at the University of North Carolina, 1850- 1852, Confederate officer, and lawyer of Halifax County, North Carolina. The notebook includes Whitaker's model statements for indictments or convictions for crimes, most involving slaves or free blacks (1859). Microfilm available.

MATTHEW CARY WHITAKER, #768, 1728-1870

Family correspondence, bills, receipts, accounts, and business papers related primarily to planting, of Whitaker, physician and planter of Halifax County, North Carolina. Included are slave bills of sale (1817,1835) and accounts concerning the hiring out of slaves (1822, 1841).

WILLIAM ASHBURY WHITAKER COLLECTION, #3433, 1597- 1957

Collected manuscripts and papers of Whitaker, a chemist, business executive, and collector of literary and historical manuscripts. Includes eleven certificates identifying certain blacks as "Free Men" in New York City (1811, 1814).

JOHN BLAKE WHITE AND OCTAVIUS A. WHITE PAPERS, #773, 1732- 1923

Scattered papers of John Blake White, a Charleston, South Carolina, lawyer, painter, and dramatist; of his son Octavius A. White, a Charleston physician who served in the Civil War and later moved to New York; and of his grandson, John Blake White Jr., a New York physician. Included is a small amount of family correspondence that contains several letters describing land and slaves involved in an estate settlement (1817-1822).

MAUNSEL WHITE PAPERS, #2234, 1802-1912

White and his son were merchants and planters of Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana. Included in the papers are a list of slave children and their mothers (ca. 1857); an account book that emphasizes rewards and incentives rather than punishment in the management of slaves and includes clothing distribution records, lists of slaves segregated by sex and listed by name, and, occasionally, by occupation, and a series of accounts showing that slaves were paid for Sunday work and additional assignments (1833- 1843); and a record of slave marriages (1837-1842). Microfilm available.

WHITE FAMILY PAPERS, #1391, 1933; n.d

Two unascribed documents, "White Family of Lancaster County, South Carolina" (n.d.) and "History of the Whites" (1933), which relate the history of the White and related families of York and Lancaster Counties, South Carolina. Included are reminiscences of slavery in the north piedmont area of South Carolina. Microfilm available.

FLOYD L. WHITEHEAD PAPERS, #1307, 1830-1886

Financial, business, and legal papers of Whitehead, a merchant, slave trader, and tobacco planter in Nelson County, Virginia. The collection contains several slave bills of sale (1830s). Partial microfilm available.

THOMAS WHITESIDE PAPERS, #775, 1829-1875

Scattered items of the Faris and Patton families of York District, South Carolina, (1829-1875) and of Whiteside, plantation owner and lawyer of York County, South Carolina (1866-1871). The collection includes a receipt of a sharecropping contract with a freedman (1869).

CHARLES WHITMORE PLANTATION JOURNAL, #2406, 1834- 1864

This collection contains the diary and correspondence of Whitman of Natchez, Mississippi. The plantation diary includes slave records and notations of the daily work of slaves. Microfilm only.

CALVIN HENDERSON WILEY PAPERS, #781, 1774-1962

Correspondence, writings, diaries, personal account books, scrapbooks, records of women's church activities, and miscellaneous books and papers of the family of Wiley, lawyer, editor, novelist, and minister of Tennessee and North Carolina. Included are memoranda on the legal status of several slaves after the death of their former master, Charles Kennon (1852), and a copy of Kennon's emancipation of his slaves (1853); information about Boston lectures on slavery (1855); and a disconnected, undated manuscript entitled "Duties of Christian Masters" (box 13).

ANNE GOLDEN WILKERSON FAMILY HISTORY, #2433, ca. 1841

Wilkerson's memories of her mother's account of an 1841 journey from Virginia to Missouri, made accompanied by 40 slaves. Most of the account discusses family genealogies, views on slavery, and views on particular slaves. Microfilm only.

EDMONIA CABELL WILKINS PAPERS, #2364, 1782-1949

Personal and business correspondence, financial and legal papers, genealogical materials, and other papers of several generations of the family of genealogist Wilkins of Greenville and Brunswick Counties, Virginia, and Northampton County, North Carolina. Financial and legal materials make up the bulk of the collection, and contain documents concerning property, plantation affairs, and the purchase and upkeep of slaves. Also included are inventories of slaves (1824-1841) and a letter from Elijah Wilkins, a slave, on the condition of the Wilkins' plantation (1851). Microfilm available.

JAMES MERRIL WILLIAMS PAPERS, #2252, 1842-1892

Papers of Williams, a Methodist and Episcopal minister and a professor at various colleges in Maryland, Delaware, and New England. The collection contains reminiscences, relating especially to slavery on the eastern shore of Maryland during Williams's childhood.

LUCY TUNSTALL ALSTON WILLIAMS PAPERS, #4351, 1827- 1979

This collection of more than 500 letters and assorted documents records the activities of one segment of the extensive Alston- Williams-Tunstall-Crichton family connection that was centered in the North Carolina counties of Warren and Franklin. Civil War era documents mention Phillip Tunston Alston's agricultural experience with the slave labor he inherited from his father.

WILLIAM HENRY WILLS PAPERS, #792, 1712-1921

Family, religious, plantation, and business papers of Wills family members in Halifax County, North Carolina, where Wills was a general merchant, Methodist Protestant minister, and cotton planter, and of relatives in Washington and Edgecombe Counties, North Carolina. Correspondence discusses race relations within the Methodist Protestant and Methodist Episcopal churches (1840- 1890; slaves in Florida (1835-1847); an attempt to purchase a slave girl in order to keep her with her family (1839); and justifications of slavery (1861-65).

WILSON AND HAIRSTON FAMILY PAPERS, #4134, 1751-1928

Correspondence, financial and legal papers, and account books of six generations of the Wilson and Hairston families, planters and merchants of Henry and Pittsylvania Counties, Virginia, and Davie, Rockingham, and Stokes Counties, North Carolina. The papers include bills of sale for slaves; receipts for hiring out slaves (1789-1813); jailors' bills for keeping runaway slaves; and doctors' bills for attending slaves (1814-1832). The collection also contains five letters (1832) about the American Colonization Society and the manumission of six slaves who were sent to Liberia; lists of clothing for slaves; work agreements with former slaves (1833-1860); slave lists; an order to return a slave (1780- 1799); letters discussing the legality of a will designating a slave child sole heir to an estate and discussing arrangements for moving slaves from one plantation to another (1830-1860), and a letter written by a white man describing a fight with a black man (1892). Several volumes contain information on the sale and purchase of slaves; lists of slaves; and lists of clothes and other items given out to slaves. A memorandum book also mentions runaway slaves (1800). Microfilm available.

FRANCIS DONNELL WINSTON PAPERS #2810, 1828-1943

Correspondence of Winston of Windsor, North Carolina, related to his activities as judge, legislator, lieutenant-governor, University of North Carolina trustee, and civic leader. Early family papers contain a slave bill of sale (1828); items relating to the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (1867- 69); and a letter discussing the voting rights of blacks and the new franchise law (1893). Correspondence relates to the potential impact of blacks on national economics (1916) and the education of blacks in Bertie County, North Carolina (1931, 1933); and includes letters from Joseph F. Mitchell, a former slave and retired Episcopal minister (1928-1929).

PATRICK HENRY WINSTON PAPERS, #963, 1848-1879; 1930; 1938

Business, legal and financial papers of Winston, a prominent lawyer of Windsor, North Carolina, and of the Williams family of Bertie and Martin Counties, North Carolina. The bulk of the collection consists of estate papers for the Williams family and documents the financial management of their estates and Patrick Winston's legal efforts on their behalf. Included are slave bills of sale (1848-1863); letters from overseers discussing labor difficulties and plantation management (1873-1879); a petition to the court to sell slaves (1858); and accounts for the medical treatment of slaves (1857-1863).

FRANCIS WITHERS ACCOUNT BOOK, #3573, 1833-1840

The account book of Withers, a rice planter of the Georgetown District, South Carolina. The book contains records of sales and purchases of sales. Microfilm available.

ROBERT WALKER WITHERS PAPERS, #3235, 1794-1890

Records of Withers, a physician, planter, and businessman of Greene and Hale Counties, Alabama. Two volumes accounts with slaves for cotton (1835-1839) and slave birth records (1784-1847). Microfilm available.

WITHERSPOON AND MCDOWALL FAMILY PAPERS, #799, 1826- 1859

Chiefly letters from John Witherspoon, Presbyterian clergyman, teacher, and planter, of Hillsborough, North Carolina, and his wife Susan Davis Witherspoon, to their daughter, Susan Witherspoon McDowell, and her husband, William D. McDowell, of Camden, South Carolina. Contains discussions of the Witherspoon planting endeavors including the management of slaves on "Tusclum," the family plantation, and the sale of these slaves (1852). Microfilm available.

TRIST WOOD PAPERS, #800, 1808-1952

Originals and copies of wills, deeds, inventories, letters, and other papers related to families of several states, from Colonial times to the 20th century. The collection includes papers of the Bringier family of Ascension Parish and New Orleans, Louisiana, which consist mainly of slave lists and items related to the sale of slaves (1808-1852). Microfilm available.

NICHOLAS WASHINGTON WOODFIN PAPERS, #1689, 1795-1919

Woodfin of Buncombe County, North Carolina, was a political leader of western North Carolina, a lawyer, and an agricultural experimenter. The papers contain three letters from slaves or ex- slaves who had gone to California with members of the family to work in the gold fields (1853-1855). Microfilm available.

WOOLLEY FAMILY PAPERS, #2504, 1788-1917

Financial and legal papers of Vardy Woolley, planter of Brunswick (Glynn County), Georgia, and other family members. The collection includes bills of sale for slaves. Microfilm available.

DANIEL WORTH PAPERS, #3587, 1856-1860

Letters written by or about Worth, a Quaker from Guilford County, North Carolina, who migrated to Indiana, returned to North Carolina as an abolitionist missionary in 1857, and was forced to leave the state in 1860 after considerable trouble with the law in connection with his antislavery activities. Photoprints only.

MARION WRIGHT PAPERS, #3830,, 1912-1982

Papers of Wright, attorney, author, and proponent of social and political change in the South. Papers relate to the Southern Regional Council (1951-1971), the Penn Community Services, St. Helena Island, South Carolina (1947-1966), and the civil rights movement.

WYCHE AND OTEY FAMILY PAPERS, #1608, 1824-1900; 1935- 1936

Family and business correspondence, financial and legal papers, and personal items of the family of William Madison Otey (1818- 1865), merchant and cotton planter, of Meridianville, Alabama, and Yazoo County, Mississippi. The diary of Octavia Wyche Otey discusses relationships with slaves (1852-1853). Series 2 includes agreements for the hiring-out of slaves and work contracts with freedmen (1849-1866). Microfilm available.

BENJAMIN CUDWORTH YANCEY PAPERS, #2594, 1800-1931

Papers of Yancey, a South Carolina planter, lawyer, newspaper editor, politician, and publisher. Includes an 1866 letter from the Freedman's Bureau to Yancey regarding an adjustment of contract. Microfilm available.

ZION CHURCH AND FRIERSON SETTLEMENT HISTORY, #809, 1805- 1850

The history of a Presbyterian church and community founded by South Carolinians in Maury County, Tennessee, in the 1800s. Included is an account of admitting "black people" to the sacrament of the church. Typed transcript.

North Carolina Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

North Carolina Collection
CB# 3930 Wilson Library
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill NC 27514-8890

Phone: (919) 962-1172

Fax: (919) 962-4452

Hours: Monday-Friday 8:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.; Saturday 9:00 a.m.-1:00 p.m.; Sunday 1:00-5:00 p.m.

Services: photocopying available

INTRODUCTION

A Long and Continuing Tradition: African Americana in the North Carolina Collection

Robert G. Anthony Jr.

On February 7, 1918, Charles Lee Smith, president of Edwards & Broughton Printing Company in Raleigh wrote Mary L. Thornton that he was mailing three books she had recently requested for the North Carolina Collection. Among the titles Smith reported shipping was The History Of The Negro Baptists Of North Carolina, by J. A. Whitted, published by Smith's firm in 1908.

Thornton's request for the Whitted book, which she made shortly after her appointment as first curator of the North Carolina Collection, illustrates the beginning of a long and continuing tradition of acquiring publications relating to the African American experience in North Carolina. Even before the Collection was formally organized as a separate department in 1917, there was already in the library a small but significant nucleus of materials on African Americans in North Carolina. Over the years, the Collection's curators and staff have added greatly to those holdings. Today, a significant portion of the more than a quarter million printed items and half million photographic images in the Collection may be of interest to researchers studying the African American experience in the Tar Heel state.

Religion and Church Histories

Whitted's history of African-American Baptists is but one of many publications about the religious life of African Americans in North Carolina found in the Collection. There are, for example, a significant number of other denominational histories, such as Wm. Joseph Barber's The Disciple Assemblies Of Eastern North Carolina and Linda D. Addo and James H. McCallum's To Be Faithful To Our Heritage: A History Of Black United Methodism In North Carolina. Over the years, the Collection has also acquired histories of individual African-American churches (i.e. Grace African Methodist Episcopal Zion in Charlotte, Mount Olive Baptist in Lewiston, and Oberlin Baptist in Raleigh.).

Researchers may also find useful the Collection's holdings of publications issued by religious bodies, such as minutes, journals, and programs for statewide, regional, or local conventions and meetings. For example, the Collection owns copies of the 1919 and 1923 minutes of the Cape Fear Annual Conference of the A.M.E. Zion Church and the published proceedings for the 1921 annual session of the Woman's Home & Foreign Missionary Convention of the Brunswick-Waccamaw Missionary Baptist Association.

At times, various historically white churches have sponsored separate units to organize religious work among African Americans. The Collection holds publications from several such groups. From the Archdeaconry for Work among Colored People, Episcopal Diocese of North Carolina, for example, it has copies of the published minutes of the annual convocation for nine of the years between 1905 and 1927 inclusive. Unfortunately, the publications of such religious groups, whether issued by African-American churches or by historically white churches, were usually printed in limited quantity and not distributed widely. In many cases, the North Carolina Collection will have only a few issues—occasionally only one—from a particular group. But often this small run will be the sole surviving records for these organizations.

Autobiographies and Biographies

The personal stories of not only ministers and religious leaders, but also African-American teachers, business leaders, physicians, athletes, politicians, writers, and many more North Carolinians from additional professions can be found in the Collection's extensive holdings of autobiographies and biographies. Some are lengthy books, while others may be short pamphlets or unpublished theses and dissertations. In still other autobiographical and biographical publications, former slaves tell or have their life stories told. In the past few years, for example, the Collection has added autobiographies/ biographies of escaped slaves Harriet Jacobs and Moses Roper; contemporary minister/political leader Joy Johnson; Episcopal priest Pauli Murray; Wilmington physician Hubert Eaton; basketball star Michael Jordan; and writer Charles W. Chestnutt, to name but a very few.

Creative Writing

Creative writing by African-American North Carolinians such as Chestnutt has been collected assiduously. Published verse by George Moses Horton, slave poet of Chatham County and Chapel Hill, a special printing of "On the Pulse of Morning," the presidential inauguration poem by Winston-Salem resident and Wake Forest University professor Maya Angelou, and works by late nineteenth and early twentieth century poet James Ephraim McGirt represent the range of materials available. Writings by contemporary African-American novelists, poets, and dramatists who either are from or set their works in North Carolina, such as Gerald Barrax, Linda Beatrice Brown, Jaki Shelton Green, Randall Kenan, Lenard D. Moore, and Samm-Art Williams are also present.

Several African-American writers, such as Charles Chestnutt and Maya Angelou, are the subjects of an increasing body of literary criticism of African-American belles-lettres. The Collection, of course, also offers numerous examples of fiction and poetry with African-American characters and/or other references to African Americans in the Tar Heel state but written by non-African-American authors.

Newspapers

Journalistic endeavors by Tar Heel African Americans is another area of writing well documented in the North Carolina Collection. In the latter years of the Reconstruction and early years of the Jim Crow periods, several newspapers appeared with African American communities as their primary intended audiences. Between 1877 and 1894, it is estimated that at least twenty African American newspapers were established in the state, although most lasted less than two years and offered only small press runs. From various sources, the North Carolina Collection has acquired microfilm copies of a number of these papers.

More recent acquisitions have included sizable microform runs of several major long-established African-American papers, such as the Star Of Zion (Salisbury/Charlotte), Carolinian (Durham), and Charlotte Post. Although the Collection maintains subscriptions to paper copies of only a few current newspapers of any type, preferring to invest periodically in microforms of backfiles, it does receive and retain paper copies of several African-American community newspapers. These include The Carolina Times (Durham), Carolina Peacemaker (Greensboro), and Winston-Salem Chronicle. In addition, a complete run of Black Ink, the newspaper of the Black Student Movement at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, is available.

Arts and Crafts

African-American artists too figure in the holdings of the North Carolina Collection. Exhibition catalogs featuring the works of painters, such as Romare Bearden, Minnie Evans, and Selma Burke, have been acquired. Several lists of active African American artists are also available for use in the Collection's Reading Room. Free African-American cabinetmaker Thomas Day of Caswell County has been the subject of one major exhibition and a number of articles, and the North Carolina Collection Gallery owns a sampler chest he crafted. Published materials on African American music and dance have also been collected, plus a limited number of audio-visual recordings.

Education and Educational Institutions

Researchers may be interested as well in the Collection's holdings of publications by or about various educational institutions associated with African Americans. Among these are catalogs, newsletters, and other publications from historically African-American schools and colleges. Some are from institutions that still operate. Others, however, document the activities of now defunct schools and colleges, such as Palmer Memorial Institute at Sedalia, Plymouth State Normal School, and the Orange County Training School at Chapel Hill. Although usually only a handful of issues of a publication may have been preserved, they nevertheless offer insight into the operations and nature of the institutions that produced them.

In addition, there are among the Collection's holdings publications from several educational organizations, such as the North Carolina Teachers Record (1930-1970), the quarterly of the North Carolina Teachers Association. Statistical and sometimes narrative information on state and local government support of public schools and colleges for African Americans during the age of segregation can sometimes be found in separate publications or sections of general reports issued by state government agencies.

Charitable and Social Institutions

Materials from various charitable and social institutions important in the lives of African Americans in North Carolina can also be found in the Collection. For example, there are a number of reports and pamphlets from the Central (Colored) Orphanage of North Carolina at Oxford and the programs since 1952 of the annual Debutante Ball of the Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority held in Raleigh. Yearbooks, programs, brochures, fliers, and other printed materials distributed by African-American clubs and social organizations from around the state have been acquired. Published histories of a variety of private and public institutions seeking to promote the public welfare, especially in the African-American community have also been collected. Recent acquisitions in this area include monographs such as Through The Years, 1867-1977: Light Over Darkness: A History Of The North Carolina School For The Negro Blind And The Deaf, by M. H. Crockett and Barbara Crockett Dease, and Stanford L. Warren Branch Library: 77 Years Of Public Service: A Phoenix In The Durham Community, by Beverly W. Jones.

Local Histories and Genealogical Abstracts

The Collection also acquires local histories of African American communities, a growing field of interest for historians, both professional and amateur. For example, the Collection recently obtained histories of the towns of James City and Navassa and the Greensboro communities of Mount Zion and Warnersville, plus a pictorial history of African-American life in Charlotte and Mecklenburg County. A number of local historians and genealogists are abstracting public records relating to African Americans, such as cohabitation bonds, marriage records for former slaves, and free African Americans in census returns. Other abstractors and compilers have focused on transcribing cemetery gravestones, and a genealogical society has published abstracts from the records of the North Carolina Freedman's Savings & Trust Company. The North Carolina Collection seeks to acquire copies of such published abstracts and lists.

Clippings Files

The Collection's newspaper clippings files provide another valuable source for information on African Americans in North Carolina. Prior to 1975, hundreds of clippings from a number of different newspapers and on a variety of African American-related subjects were clipped, pasted on tagboard, and microfilmed. Then paper prints were produced from the microfilm and bound in four volumes labeled "Negroes in North Carolina." These are available for use in the Reading Room. Subject clippings dated after 1975 are currently being microfilmed, and copyflo prints of these articles should be available in the Reading Room soon. Biographical clippings have not been separated by race of individual featured, and those on African Americans will be found throughout the 264 bound volumes in the Reading Room, which cover through 1989. Clippings from more recent years have been pasted on tagboards and are available at the Reading Room reference counter.

Photographs

An extensive collection of approximately a half million photographs and photographic negatives also comprise a major resource for research in the North Carolina Collection. Countless images among these holdings depict African Americans or some aspect of African-American life in North Carolina. Individuals wishing to conduct pictorial research should make an appointment to meet with the Collection's photographic archivist, who can offer guidance in the use of these materials.

Access to the Collection

Researchers interested in the published materials found in the North Carolina Collection will want to begin by consulting with a member of the Reading Room staff and then by examining the card and online catalogs. Most recent acquisitions and some of the more significant older materials are now represented in the online catalog. But it is essential to remember that cataloging records for more than three-quarters of the Collection's holdings are available only in the paper card catalog.

Publications may, of course, be identified by checking cataloging records in the card and online catalogs under specific titles or authors. Several topical subject headings, however, will also prove especially useful for researchers interested in materials on the African-American experience in North Carolina. For example, there are more than twenty-three inches of catalog cards with the subject tracings Afro-American—, Afro- Americans, North Carolina—Negro—, and North Carolina —Negroes.

Most of these rather general tracings are divided further by more specific subheadings, such as Art, Artists, Baptists, Education, Fiction, Lawyers, Newspapers, Poetry, Social conditions, Songs and stories, Suffrage, and numerous others. Additional important subject headings include North Carolina—Slavery, North Carolina—Race problems, and North Carolina—Race relations. Also, publications that concentrate on African Americans in particular communities may be traced under the names of individual cities or counties, such as Greensboro (N.C.)—Race problems and Pitt County (N.C.)—Negroes. Reading Room staff are always willing to assist visitors in locating materials in the North Carolina Collection, and researchers are urged to make their needs known when they visit. Individuals studying African-American religion may, for example, wish to talk with the staff member who has recently inventoried the Collection's holdings of publications issued by several African-American denominations. Another staff member is active in a statewide African-American history and genealogy organization and may be able to offer timesaving guidance in locating useful materials.

The acquisition of publications relating to the African American experience in North Carolina has been an important goal of the North Carolina Collection since its creation in 1917. Today African Americana is among the most heavily used material in the Collection. In the years to come, the Collection will continue to identify and acquire materials appropriate for adding to these holdings. In the future, as the opportunity to publish becomes even more accessible—via desktop publishing, xerography, and other reproduction processes—the number of publications being produced will undoubtedly continue to increase. It can also be expected that the number of publications relating to African Americans in North Carolina will grow. Many of these will likely be issued by small printers or individuals, and it will be difficult for libraries to identify and acquire them. Researchers interested in the preservation of published African Americana relating to the Tar Heel state are urged to notify the North Carolina Collection of important local or limited quantity publications. This will help the Collection continue its long tradition of acquiring African Americana.

Institute for Research in Social Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Institute for Research in Social sciences
26 Manning Hall, CB 3355
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill NC 27514

Phone: (919) 962-3061

Fax: (919) 962-4777

Hours: By request

COLLECTIONS

The Institute for Research in Social Science (IRSS) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill provides access to a number of datasets and data collections relevant to African Americans. These include:

• Southern Agricultural Households in the United States, 1880
• Slave Trials in Anderson and Spartanburg Counties, South Carolina, 1818-1861
• United States Southern Cities in 1870 and 1880: A Study of Individuals and Families
• Mortality in the South, 1850
• Southern Focus Poll, 1992-1993
• Negro Political Participation Study, 1961-1962