University of Virginia Library

APPENDIX

COLONIAL GOVERNORS

FROM SETTLEMENT OF VIRGINIA TILL REVOLUTION

                                                                                                       

1.	1607.	Edward Maria Wingfield (Pres.).
2.	1607.	John Ratcliffe (Pres.).
3.	1608.	John Smith (Pres.).
4.	1609.	George Percy (Pres.).
5.	1609.	Thomas West, Lord Delaware.
6.	1611.	Thomas Dale (High Marshal).
7.	1616.	George Yeardley (Lt. Gov.).
8.	1617.	Samuel Argall (Lt. Gov.).
9.	1619.	George Yeardley.
10.	1621.	Francis Wyatt.
11.	1626.	George Yeardley.
12.	1627.	Francis West.
13.	1628.	John Potts.
14.	1629.	John Harvey.
15.	1635.	John West.
16.	1635.	John Harvey.
17.	1639.	Francis Wyatt.
18.	1641.	William Berkeley.
19.	1645.	Richard Kemp (Lt. Gov.).
20.	1645.	William Berkeley.
21.	1652.	Richard Bennet.
22.	1656.	Edward Diggs.
23.	1658.	Samuel Matthews.
24.	1660.	William Berkeley.
25.	1677.	Herbert Jeffries (Lt. Gov.).
26.	1677.	Herbert Jeffries.
27.	1678.	Henry Chicheley.
28.	1678.	Thomas, Lord Culpeper.
29.	1680.	Henry Chicheley (Lt. Gov.).
30.	1684.	Lord Howard of Effingham.
31.	1689.	Nathaniel Bacon (Lt. Gov.).
32.	1690.	Francis Nicholson.
33.	1692.	Edmund Andros.
34.	1698.	Francis Nicholson.
35.	1704.	Earl of Orkney.
36.	1705.	Edward Nott (Lt. Gov.).
37.	1706.	Edmund Jennings (Lt. Gov.).
38.	1710.	Robert Hunter (Lt. Gov.).
39.	1710.	Alexander Spotswood (Lt. Gov.).
40.	1722.	Hugh Drysdale (Lt. Gov.).
41.	1726.	Robert Carter (Lt. Gov.).
42.	1727.	William Gooch (Lt. Gov.).
43.	1749.	John Robinson, Sr. (Lt. Gov.).
44.	1749.	Lord Albemarle.
45.	1750.	Louis Burwell (Lt. Gov.).
46.	1752.	Robert Dinwiddie (Lt. Gov.).
47.	1758.	John Blair (Lt. Gov.).
48.	1758.	Francis Fauquier.
49.	1768.	John Blair (Lt. Gov.).
50.	1768.	Norborne Berkeley de Botetourt.
51.	1770.	William Nelson (Lt. Gov.).
52.	1772.	John, Lord Dunmore.

GOVERNORS OF VIRGINIA FROM 1776

• 1. Patrick Henry, elected 1776, Patriot or Whig. Born, Hanover
  County, April 2, 1736. Died, Charlotte County, June 6, 1799,
  aged 63.

• 2. Thomas Jefferson, elected 1779, Patriot or Whig. Born, Albemarle
  County, April 2, 1743. Died July 4, 1826. Aged 83.

• 3. Thomas Nelson, elected 1781, Patriot or Whig. Born, Yorktown,
  December 26, 1738. Died, Hanover County, January 4, 1789,
  aged 51.

• 4. Benjamin Harrison, elected 1781, Patriot or Whig. Born at Charles
  City County, —, 1740. Died, Charles City County, —, 1791,
  aged 51.

• 5. Patrick Henry, elected 1784, Patriot or Whig. Born, Hanover
  County, April 2, 1736. Died, Charlotte County, June 6, 1799,
  aged 63.

• 6. Edmund Randolph, elected 1786, Patriot or Whig. Born, Williamsburg,
  August 10, 1753. Died, Clarke County, September 13,
  1813, aged 60.

• 7. Beverly Randolph, elected 1788, Patriot or Whig. Born, Henrico
  County, —, 1754. Died, Cumberland County, —, 1797,
  aged 43.

• 8. Henry Lee, elected 1791, Republican. Born, Westmoreland
  County, January 29, 1756. Died, Cumberland Island, Ga.,
  March 25, 1818, aged 62.

• 9. Robert Brooke, elected 1794, Republican. Born, Spottsylvania
  County, —, 1761. Died, Richmond, —, 1799, aged 38.

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• 10. James Wood, elected 1796, Republican. Born, Frederick County,
  —, 1750. Died, Richmond, July 16, 1813, aged 63.

• 11. James Monroe, elected 1799, Republican. Born, Westmoreland
  County, April 28, 1758. Died, New York, N. Y., July 4, 1831,
  aged 73.

• 12. John Page, elected 1802, Republican. Born, Gloucester County,
  April 17, 1744. Died, Richmond, October 11, 1808, aged 64.

• 13. William H. Cabell, elected 1805, Republican. Born, Cumberland
  County, December 16, 1772. Died, Richmond, June 17, 1853,
  aged 81.

• 14. John Tyler, elected 1808, Republican. Born, Williamsburg, —,
  1748. Died, Charles City County, January 6, 1813, aged 65.

• 15. James Monroe, elected 1811. Born, Westmoreland County, April
  28, 1758. Died, New York City, July 4, 1831, aged 73.

• 16. George W. Smith, elected 1811, Republican. Born, Essex County,
  —, 1762. Died, Richmond, December 26, 1811, aged 49.

• 17. James Barbour, elected 1812, Republican. Born, Orange County,
  June 10, 1775. Died, Orange County, June 8, 1842, aged 67.

• 18. Wilson C. Nicholas, elected 1814, Republican. Born, Hanover
  County, —, 1757. Died, Milton, October 10, 1820, aged 63.

• 19. James P. Preston, elected 1816, Republican. Born, Montgomery
  County, —, 1774. Died, Isle of Wight County, May 4, 1843,
  aged 69.

• 20. Thomas M. Randolph, elected 1819, Republican. Born, Tuckahoe,
  October 1, 1768. Died, Charlottesville, June 20, 1828, aged 60.

• 21. James Pleasants, elected 1822, Republican. Born, Goochland
  County, October 24, 1769. Died, Goochland County, November
  9, 1839, aged 70.

• 22. John Tyler, elected 1825, Republican. Born, Charles City County,
  March 29, 1790. Died, Richmond, January 18, 1862, aged 72.

• 23. William B. Giles, elected 1827, State-Rights Democrat. Born,
  Amelia County, August 12, 1762. Died, Albemarle County,
  December 4, 1830, aged 68.

• 24. John Floyd, elected 1830, State-Rights Democrat. Born, Jefferson
  County, Ky., April 24, 1783. Died, Sweet Springs, August
  16, 1837, aged 54.

• 25. L. W. Tazewell, elected 1834, State-Rights Whig. Born, Williamsburg,
  December 17, 1774. Died, Norfolk, March 6, 1860,
  aged 86.

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• 26. Wyndham Robertson, elected 1836, State-Rights Whig. Born,
  Manchester, January 26, 1803. Died, Washington County, February
  11, 1888, aged 85.

• 27. David Campbell, elected 1837, Democrat. Born, Washington
  County, August 2, 1779. Died, Abingdon, March 19, 1859,
  aged 80.

• 28. Thomas W. Gilmer, elected 1840, State-Rights Whig. Born,
  Albemarle County, April 6, 1802. Died, Richmond, February
  28, 1844, aged 42.

• 29. John M. Patton, elected 1841, State-Rights Whig. Born, Fredericksburg,
  August 10, 1797. Died, Richmond, October 28, 1858,
  aged 61.

• 30. John Rutherford, elected 1841, State-Rights Democrat. Born,
  Richmond city, December 6, 1792. Died, Richmond, July —,
  1866, aged 74.

• 31. John M. Gregory, elected 1842, State-Rights Whig. Born, Charles
  City County, July 8, 1804. Died, Richmond, April 9, 1884,
  aged 80.

• 32. James McDowell, elected 1843, Democrat. Born, Rockbridge
  County, October 12, 1796. Died, Rockbridge County, August
  24, 1851, aged 55.

• 33. William Smith, elected 1846, State-Rights Democrat. Born,
  King George County, September 6, 1796. Died, Warrenton,
  May 18, 1887, aged 91.

• 34. John B. Floyd, elected 1849, State-Rights Democrat. Born,
  Blacksburg, June 1, 1807. Died, Abingdon, August 26, 1863,
  aged 56.

• 35. Joseph Johnson, elected 1852, State-Rights Democrat. Born,
  Orange County, N. Y., December 19, 1785. Died, Bridgeport,
  W. Va., February 27, 1877, aged 92.

• 36. Henry A. Wise, elected 1856, State-Rights Democrat. Born,
  Accomac County, December 3, 1806. Died, Richmond, September
  12, 1876, aged 70.

• 37. John Letcher, elected 1860, State-Rights Democrat. Born, Lexington,
  March 29, 1813. Died, Lexington, January 26, 1884,
  aged 71.

• 38. William Smith, elected 1864, State-Rights Democrat. Born,
  King George County, September 6, 1796. Died, Warrenton, May
  18, 1887, aged 91.

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• 39. Francis H. Pierpont, appointed 1865, Republican. Born, Monongalia
  County, West Va., January 25, 1814. Died, —, 1899.

• 40. Henry H. Wells, appointed 1868, Republican. Born, Rochester,
  N. Y., September 17, 1823.

• 41. Gilbert C. Walker, elected 1869, Republican. Born, Binghamton,
  N. Y., August 1, 1832. Died, Binghamton, N. Y., May 11, 1885,
  aged 53.

• 42. James L. Kemper, elected 1873, Conservative. Born, Madison
  County, June 11, 1823. Died, Orange County. April 7, 1895.

• 43. F. W. M. Holliday, elected 1877, Conservative. Born, Winchester,
  February 22, 1828. Died, Winchester, —, 1899.

• 44. William E. Cameron, elected 1881, Readjuster. Born, Petersburg,
  November 29, 1842.

• 45. Fitzhugh Lee, elected 1885, Democrat. Born, Fairfax County,
  November 19, 1835.

• 46. Philip W. McKinney, elected 1889, Democrat. Born, Buckingham
  County, March 17, 1832. Died, Farmville, —, 1899.

• 47. Charles T. O'Ferrall, elected 1893, Democrat. Born, Frederick
  County, Va., October 21, 1840.

• 48. J. Hoge Tyler, elected 1897, Democrat. Born, Caroline County,
  Va., August 11, 1846.

• 49. Andrew J. Montague, elected 1901, Democrat. Born, Campbell
  County, Va., October 3, 1862.

• 50. Claude A. Swanson, elected 1905, Democrat. Born, Pittsylvania
  County, Va., March 31, 1862.

THE VIRGINIA RESOLVES, 1769

RESOLVES OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES, PASSED THE 16TH OF
MAY, 1769

That the sole right of imposing taxes on the
inhabitants of this His Majesty's Colony and
Dominion of Virginia is now, and ever hath been, legally and
constitutionally vested in the House of Burgesses, lawfully convened,
according to the ancient and established practice, with the
consent of the Council, and of His Majesty the King of Great
Britain, or his Governor for the time being.

Resolved, nemine contradicente, That it is the undoubted privilege of
the inhabitants of this colony to petition their Sovereign for redress
of grievances; and that it is lawful and expedient to procure the
concurrence of His Majesty's other colonies, in dutiful addresses,
praying the royal interposition in favor of the violated rights of
America.

Resolved, nemine contradicente, That all trials for treason, misprision
of treason, or for any felony or crime whatsoever, committed and
done in this His Majesty's said colony and dominion, by any person
or persons residing therein, ought of right to be had, and conducted
in and before His Majesty's courts, held within his said colony,
according to the fixed and known course of proceeding, and that
the seizing any person or persons residing in the colony, suspected
of any crime whatsoever, committed therein, and sending such
person or persons to places beyond the sea to be tried, is highly
derogatory of the rights of British subjects, as thereby the inestimable
privilege of being tried by a jury from the vicinage, as well
as the liberty of summoning and producing witnesses on such trial,
will be taken away from the party accused.

Resolved, nemine contradicente, That an humble, dutiful and loyal address
be presented to His Majesty, to assure him of our inviolable
attachment to his sacred person and government; and to beseech
his royal interposition, as the father of all his people, however
remote from the seat of his empire, to quiet the minds of his loyal
subjects of this colony, and to avert from them those dangers and
miseries which will ensue, from the seizing and carrying beyond
sea any person residing in America, suspected of any crime whatsoever,
to be tried in any other manner than by the ancient and
long-established course of proceeding.

(The following order is likewise in their journal of that date):

Ordered, That the speaker of this House do transmit, without delay, to
the speakers of the several houses of Assembly on this continent,
a copy of the resolutions now agreed to by this House, requesting
their concurrence therein.

ORDINANCE OF SECESSION

The people of Virginia, in their ratification of the Constitution of the
United States of America, adopted by them in convention on the 25th
day of June, in the year of our Lord 1788, having declared that the
powers granted under said Constitution were derived from the people
of the United States, and might be resumed whensoever the same
should be perverted to their injury and oppression, and the Federal
Government having perverted said powers, not only to the injury of
the people of Virginia, but to the oppression of the Southern slave-holding
States:

Now, therefore, we, the people of Virginia, do declare and ordain,
That the ordinance adopted by the people of this State in convention
on the 25th of June, in the year of our Lord 1788, whereby the Constitution
of the United States of America was ratified, and all acts of
the General Assembly of this State ratifying or adopting amendments
to said Constitution, are hereby repealed and abrogated; that the
union between the State of Virginia and the other States under the
Constitution aforesaid is hereby dissolved, and that the State of Virginia
is in the full possession and exercise of all the rights of sovereignty
which belong and appertain to a free and independent State.

And they do further declare, That the said Constitution of the United
States of America is no longer binding on any of the citizens of this
State.

This ordinance shall take effect and be an act of this day, when ratified
by a majority of the votes of the people of this State cast at a poll
to be taken thereon on the fourth Thursday in May next, in pursuance
of a schedule hereafter to be enacted.

Done in Convention, in the city of Richmond, on the 17th day of
April, in the year of our Lord 1861, and in the eighty-fifth year of the
Commonwealth of Virginia.

PREAMBLE AND BILL OF RIGHTS

(From the State Constitution.)

Whereas, pursuant to an act of the General Assembly of
Virginia, approved March the fifth, in the year of our Lord
nineteen hundred, the question, "shall there be a convention
to revise the Constitution and amend the same?" was submitted
to the electors of the State of Virginia, qualified to
vote for members of the General Assembly, at an election
held throughout the State on the fourth Thursday in May,
in the year nineteen hundred, at which election a majority
of the electors so qualified voting at said election did decide
in favor of a convention for such purpose, and,

Whereas, the General Assembly at its next session did provide
by law for the election of delegates to such convention,
in pursuance whereof the members of this Convention were
elected by the good people of Virginia, to meet in convention
for such purpose.

We, therefore, the people of Virginia, so assembled in
Convention through our representatives, with gratitude to
God for His past favors, and invoking His blessings upon the
result of our deliberations, do ordain and establish the following
revised and amended Constitution for the government
of the Commonwealth.

ARTICLE I.

BILL OF RIGHTS.

Section 1. That all men are by nature equally free and
independent, and have certain inherent rights, of which, when

they enter into a state of society, they cannot, by any compact,
deprive or divest their posterity; namely, the enjoyment
of life and liberty, with the means of acquiring and possessing
property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety.

Sec. 2. That all power is vested in, and consequently derived
from, the people, that magistrates are their trustees and
servants, and at all times amenable to them.

Sec. 3. That government is, or ought to be, instituted for
the common benefit, protection and security of the people,
nation or community, of all the various modes and forms of
government, that is best, which is capable of producing the
greatest degree of happiness and safety, and is most effectually
secured against the danger of maladministration, and,
whenever any government shall be found inadequate or contrary
to these purposes, a majority of the community hath an
indubitable, inalienable, and indefeasible right to reform, alter
or abolish it, in such manner as shall be judged most conducive
to the public weal.

Sec. 4. That no man, or set of men, is entitled to exclusive
or separate emoluments or privileges from the community,
but in consideration of public services, which not being descendible,
neither ought the offices of magistrate, legislator or
judge to be hereditary.

Sec. 5. That the legislative, executive, and judicial departments
of the State should be separate and distinct, and that
the members thereof may be restrained from oppression, by
feeling and participating the burthens of the people, they
should, at fixed periods, be reduced to a private station, return
into that body from which they were originally taken, and
the vacancies be supplied by regular elections, in which all or
any part of the former members shall be again eligible, or
ineligible, as the laws may direct.

Sec. 6. That all elections ought to be free, and that all men,
having sufficient evidence of permanent common interest
with, and attachment to, the community, have the right of suffrage,
and cannot be taxed, or deprived of, or damaged in,
their property for public uses, without their own consent, or
that of their representatives duly elected, or bound by any
law to which they have not, in like manner, assented for the
public good.

Sec. 7. That all power of suspending laws, or the execution
of laws, by any authority, without consent of the representatives
of the people, is injurious to their rights, and ought not
to be exercised.

Sec. 8. That no man shall be deprived of his life, or liberty,
except by the law of the land, or the judgment of his peers,
nor shall any man be compelled in any criminal proceeding
to give evidence against himself, nor be put twice in jeopardy
for the same offence, but an appeal may be allowed to the
Commonwealth in all prosecutions for the violation of a law
relating to the state revenue.

That in all criminal prosecutions a man hath a right to
demand the cause and nature of his accusation, to be confronted
with the accusers and witnesses, to call for evidence in
his favor, and to a speedy trial by an impartial jury of his
vicinage, without whose unanimous consent he cannot be
found guilty, provided, however, that in any criminal case,
upon a plea of guilty, tendered in person by the accused, and
with the consent of the attorney for the Commonwealth, entered
of record, the court shall, and in a prosecution for an offence
not punishable by death, or confinement in the penitentiary,
upon a plea of not guilty, with the consent of the accused,
given in person, and of the attorney for the Commonwealth,
both entered of record, the court, in its discretion, may hear
and determine the case, without the intervention of a jury;
and, that the General Assembly may provide for the trial of
offences not punishable by death, or confinement in the penitentiary,
by a justice of the peace, without a jury, preserving
in all such cases, the right of the accused to an appeal to and
trial by jury in the circuit or corporation court, and may also
provide for juries consisting of less than twelve, but not less
than five, for the trial of offences not punishable by death, or
confinement in the penitentiary, and may classify such cases,
and prescribe the number of jurors for each class.

Sec. 9. That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor
excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflicted.

Sec. 10. That general warrants, whereby an officer or messenger
may be commanded to search suspected places without
evidence of a fact committed, or to seize any person or persons

not named, or whose offence is not particularly described
and supported by evidence, are grievous and oppressive, and
ought not to be granted.

Sec. 11. That no person shall be deprived of his property
without due process of law; and in controversies respecting
property, and in suits between man and man, trial by jury is
preferable to any other, and ought to be held sacred, but the
General Assembly may limit the number of jurors for civil
cases in circuit and corporation courts to not less than five
in cases now cognizable by justices of the peace, or to not
less than seven in cases not so cognizable.

Sec. 12. That the freedom of the press is one of the great
bulwarks of liberty, and can never be restrained but by
despotic governments, and any citizen may freely speak,
write and publish his sentiments on all subjects, being responsible
for the abuse of that right.

Sec. 13. That a well-regulated militia, composed of the
body of the people, trained to arms, is the proper, natural and
safe defence of a free state, that standing armies, in time of
peace should be avoided as dangerous to liberty, and that in
all cases the military should be under strict subordination to,
and governed by, the civil power.

Sec. 14. That the people have a right to uniform government,
and, therefore, that no government separate from, or
independent of, the government of Virginia, ought to be
erected or established within the limits thereof.

Sec. 15. That no free government, or the blessing of liberty,
can be preserved to any people, but by a firm adherence
to justice, moderation, temperance, frugality and virtue, and
by frequent recurrence to fundamental principles.

Sec. 16. That religion, or the duty which we owe to our
Creator, and the manner of discharging it, can be directed
only by reason and conviction, not by force or violence, and,
therefore, all men are equally entitled to the free exercise of
religion, according to the dictates of conscience, and that it
is the mutual duty of all to practice Christian forbearance, love
and charity towards each other.

Sec. 17. The rights enumerated in this Bill of Rights shall
not be construed to limit other rights of the people not therein
expressed.