 | XVIII. Julian, or Scenes in Judea |  |
18. XVIII.
This, my mother, reaches you from Tiberias,
whither I am come at the command of
Herod.
It is many weeks since I last wrote. As we
are now suffering under the fervors of a summer's
sun, I grieve not, that I am perforce on
the shores of this inland sea, over which the
winds as they sweep are deprived of a portion
of that burning heat they bring with them from
the Asiatic deserts.
A few days only had passed after I had despatched
my last letter, when by a messenger
from this place I was summoned to attend the
Tetrarch; and Onias at the same time left
Beth-Harem for the western shores of the
Dead Sea and the region of Idumea. I was by
no means sorry to be thus drawn away from
Beth-Harem, from which, owing to the manner
in which I have bound myself to both Onias
and Herod, I have not been at liberty to depart,
as I had intended to do from time to time, that
I might see more of the country and the inhabitants.
On my way to Tiberias I passed through
a long stretch of the valley of the Jordan, giving
to the eye of the traveller a succession of
scenes similar to those on its banks in the
neighborhood of Beth-Harem, and Bethabara.
The lake of Gennesareth greeted the sight
with a wide prospect of beauty, as on a short
turn of the river it suddenly opened upon me,
lying quiet and calm in the bosom of hills running
along on the eastern and western shores,
the loftier mountains of Lebanon showing
their snow-clad summits in the north. Immediately
on gaining the borders of the lake, Tiberias
rose to view on its western side — a
large city encompassed by lofty walls, the buildings
rising as they retreat toward the mountains
one above another, and overlooking the whole
extent of the lake. Hither I directed my
steps, but learned that the palace of the Tetrarch,
in which he chiefly resides, is at a little
distance without the walls, covering a small
eminence that commands a view of the city
and of the water.
I doubt not, my mother, you have wondered
not a little that I have continued thus to unite
myself to the service of Herod, for whom
in various letters I have expressed but slight
regard. I have been surprised myself at
times at my own position and relations toward
not find any explanation but in the persuasion,
that we are led toward the ends that are
best by a providence whose designs we cannot
penetrate, whom we can serve only by submitting
to its controlling and guiding force. I have faltered,
I confess, in my purposes more than once;
for, notwithstanding the deep convictions and
lofty praises bestowed by Onias and Zadok upon
the Tetrarch, I have felt inclined to put more
confidence in the results I have myself arrived at
concerning him, in spite of my comparatively
narrow opportunities of observing and studying
his character. Still while any darkness or
doubt remained, I was willing to seek him
once more that, if it were possible, by further
communications it might be removed.
Upon announcing myself at the palace gate
as desirous to see the Tetrarch, I was conducted
to an apartment, where I found Chuza, the
Steward, who received me courteously, as one
whom he had known before at Machærus, and
was aware of my relations to Herod. Joanna,
the wife of Chuza, sat at an open window plying
busily her needle, while a little child pursued
its sports at her side. The mother raised
her head as I entered, revealing a countenance
sad, and exhibiting traces of recent tears. Yet
she received me with a smile, and bade me welcome,
inquiring for the Tetrarch, I was told he was
then absent upon the lake, but would soon return.
“In the mean time,” said Joanna, “be pleased
to rest here where the air comes cool from the
water, and the approach of the king can be
seen.”
“You have of late had another king, as
some esteem him, upon these waters;” I observed
to Chuza.
“Aye,” he answered; “that is, at the other
end of the lake in the region of Capernaum.
He hath made there a great stir, and indeed
among the people here also, many having followed
him, even from Tiberias. Had he drawn
nearer to us I fear lest the palace itself had sustained
losses.”
“And may even yet,” said Joanna in a low
voice, as if speaking rather to herself than replying
to her husband.
“There it is,” exclaimed Chuza, “there it is.
As thou seest, Sir, all the people are beside
themselves — towns emptied, cities in confusion,
the husbandman forsaking the field, the
housewife her distaff, families divided among
themselves, all for this — how shall we name
him?”
“Name him as yet,” said his wife, “no
neither thou, nor I, nor any one, knows what or
who he may be; yet of one thing are we even
now doubly assured, that he is a wise and
righteous man.”
“But,” said her husband, “suppose he draw
from Chuza his wife Joanna; how, and what
then?”
“Then,” said Joanna, “let Chuza follow.”
“Not so, not so,” cried the steward, “I leave
not what is, for what only may be; nor shall
Joanna if she will be ruled by realities instead
of dreams.”
“It is no dream,” said his wife, “that the
words of Jesus are like those of no other, that
he speaks as none of the priests or scribes ever
do, and that he performs wonders which those
only can whom God inspires, and by his life
and virtues fills those who draw near with an
awe and a love, such as are felt toward no
other.”
“Nay,” replied Chuza, “all that may be real
and no dream; thou hast seen and heard thyself,
and who shall deny the truth of what
Joanna the daughter of Phasael affirms? Yet
still may it be declared, that all this woven
together makes but a weak and insufficient
reason for doing as so many have done and are
doing. For that, there will, as I have constantly
enough, when he shall more plainly have declared
himself.”
“Thou seest,” said Joanna, “that I am content
to wait.”
“Thou art the very best of wives,” cried
Chuza, “and in saying so, I forget not our great
mistress.” As he ended, he snatched up the
little child, who had run towards him, and
kissed it vehemently, as the best substitute, he
could find near at hand and in the presence
of others, of its young mother.
I was rejoiced to meet with one who had
both seen and heard Jesus, and eagerly approached
her to obtain some better knowledge,
than I had been able as yet to find access to,
concerning him, when Chuza exclaimed, —
“See! the Tetrarch comes; his boat is already
at the shore.”
I looked as he directed, and saw the boat of
many banks of oars making rapidly toward the
quay. In a moment more Herod was seen ascending
toward the palace.
Learning immediately that I had arrived, he
desired my attendance. Herod on receiving
me appeared not quite at his ease, as remembering
the conversations that on my visit at
Machærus had passed between us; yet did he so
far overcome his feelings as to greet me with
presenting me at the same time to some
who stood with him.
“The present posture of our affairs, my
young Roman,” said he, “is far enough off from
what at Machærus we promised ourselves it
would be by this hour.”
“It is so, indeed,” I answered; “yet it seems
to be so, in no wise as a consequence of any
error on our part. We cannot control the sun
in the heavens; but still less the minds and
hearts of men.”
“Ah,” he quickly rejoined, “they are not
for thrones who know not to turn the hearts of
the people as they will, and who keep not moreover
their own counsels. By the soul of my
father, I have come to think of myself but as of
a common man, since the day I held by the
judgment of Onias and a young stripling of
Rome, rather than my own. Had John been
then closely mewed up, we had now been far
on to the end of our enterprise. Now not only
is he at large, still poisoning the minds of men,
but another is sprung up of the same sort, save
that he carries away the people even more than
the first. For one to deal with, there are now
two.”
I asked if he himself had seen Jesus, so as to
form any judgment concerning him.
“I have not seen him, though I have desired
to do so. While he was on the upper shores of
the lake I was at Machærus. But he draws
many after him and astonishes them by his
miracles — so all report to me, and all cannot
be deceived. How sayest thou Jaddua?” turning
to a doctor of the Law who stood near him.
“Doubtless,” said the Rabbi, “it was at first
thought to be as your mightiness has said;
there were wonderful works done by his hand,
which verily seemed to be done by the power
of God given to him as of old to Moses and
Elias, and the people being all in expectation
flocked about him, but with their eyes blinded
because of such expectation, and incapable of
judgment. But Jesus having been a long
time among them, the blindness is now in part
removed; and him whom so hastily they took
for a great one they already begin to doubt.”
“Ah, it is just as I have said,” cried Herod;
“I knew it would be with him as with John.
They thronged the Baptist awhile — now he is
forsaken save by a few for Jesus, and to-morrow
Jesus will in turn be abandoned. Sees not
Onias, Julian, his folly? What is there here
to cast an obstacle so thick as one's finger in our
way?”
I said, I still thought that, whether deceived
or not, the people were at present even too much
be approached with much prospect of success.
Yet if it be true, as the learned scribe hath
reported, that already those who follow him begin
to doubt him, the day could not be far off
that he might resume his undertaking.
“It can be no otherwise,” said Jaddua, “than
that the people should fall away from him —
for verily though they have sought to him so
long, what hath come of it? He still as at
first wanders about on foot, consorting not with
the great and the learned of the land, with the
rulers and the chief priests, but with the common
people, just as they happen to throng him,
and in his teaching casts contempt upon the
Law, its ministers, and its rites. Here, say the
wiser, be few signs of the Christ, and we leave
him with those who have eyes to see farther
than ours; mayhap beggars and outcasts, publicans,
and sinners of the gentiles may behold
the Son of David, where we can see only a
besotted son of man, or child of the devil.”
“Yet,” I asked, “they who doubt are, as I
have heard, very few to the multitudes who
still believe?”
“Ah,” said Jaddua, “the multitude is easily
led; feed them, only feed them, which Jesus
does, and beside that please their love of wonders,
and their friendship is secured. Doubtless
believe, and so throng him. But they who
look toward the future, and think not of themselves,
but of the salvation of Israel, begin to
draw back, or are in doubt. They see before
them, indeed, in Jesus, one whom they cannot
fully comprehend or explain, but they see not
the Christ.”
“Truly,” said the Tetrarch, “I can discover
in this Jesus of Nazareth, from all the reports
that reach my ear, no qualities or purposes that
should cause hesitation or delay in our enterprise.
He seems thus far to be a mild and
peaceable man, concerning himself not at all,
as doth John, with public affairs and things that
are above him; but with more wisdom devoting
himself to the instruction of the common people,
and to the performance of works of charity
and mercy, however the power by which he
does them may be derived — whether from the
God of Abraham, or the God of the Sidonians.
If there be still great numbers who in their
stupidity persist in the belief that he is, or will
prove to be the Christ, he himself truly appears
to be possessed of more reason and giveth
no encouragement to such madness, affecting no
state and making no promises even, so we hear,
to his nearest followers. This man we may
well let alone; nay, if it be true that he assaileth
the spotless righteousness of their lives, it
will go hard, but the priests and the Council
will see after him, and serve us better than we
could serve ourselves. Say we not right, Jaddua?”
“I would not that aught should be done
in haste,” replied the scribe, “but as I trow,
should all prove to be true that we hear, I think,
and I trust that those of whom thou speakest
will see to it, that his career shall be a short one.
There be those yet among both rulers and people
— glory be to the God of our fathers —
who love the Law, and will not see it assailed,
or stained by so much as a word or a breath of
reproach, but they will stand forth to stone the
blasphemer unto death.”
“I doubt it not,” said Herod, “our subjects
are loyal toward not us alone, but the Law also;
and such a people shall be blessed of the Lord
and prosper. I fear not Jesus, nor any power
he may win over the people, seeing the path he
hath chosen to travel. He, I say, may be let
alone; yet the insolence of John well deserveth
punishment; and of his purposes there may
be with reason more apprehension. His tongue
is as a scourge of scorpions that falleth alike
on all, we, even, escape not, but he whips us
before the people for our sins, as he counteth
look to himself. By the soul of my father, but
it were a good deed to hang him in his own
girdle. What think you, Jaddua?”
“As a busybody, an intermeddler, a despiser
of authorities, and one moreover who casteth
dirt upon our holy order,” answered the scribe,
“and aimeth to bring the excellent and the holy
into contempt with the people, doth he well deserve
the favor thou wouldst bestow upon him.
The rabble truly affect him, and doubtless
would clamor; but who are they to stand between
the Law and its victim?”
I said, that I did not believe John could be
touched with advantage or safety. The people
hold him to be a prophet, and conceive besides
that he is their defender and shield against the
priesthood, the Pharisees, and the mighty in
the land, whom he assails in his preaching, and
accuseth openly of the hypocrisies and iniquities
which all men know to lie at their door,
but which none save he is bold enough to
charge upon them. Such charges the people
know to be just, as doth every one who hath
the natural sight of a man.
By the sudden expression of Herod's countenance
I could easily perceive, that he secretly
enjoyed what, I confess, I said without so much
as thinking of Jaddua, and the presence of some
them as they were ready to break out with indignation
and said, —
“By the beard of Aaron! but this youth is
little more civil toward the holy priesthood,
than John himself. We must beg you, Fathers,
to pardon his ignorance, seeing he hath but of
late come into our kingdom, and seeing, moreover,
he is hardly yet arrived at years of wisdom.
We will advise him in private, and do
what in us lies to inspire him with due reverence
toward the ministers of the Law, whose
lives should be as spotless, yea, and are doubtless,
as their robes.”
Saying this he motioned to them to withdraw,
which they did with countenances inflamed
with rage, putting unwilling restraint
upon their tongues.
Soon as they were withdrawn and beyond
the reach of our voices, Herod broke into loud
laughter, amusing himself greatly with their
looks of astonishment at hearing themselves
so berated in the very presence of the Tetrarch.
“The knaves,” said he, as soon as he could
cease from his laughter, “they have for once
heard the truth in the king's presence, or rather
some small portion of it. Though we reprove
them not ourselves, it being needful to
secure their good opinion, yet we know them
writhing under the scourge thou didst lay on;
would it had been with the scorpion lash they
so well deserve. But I saw why thy hand
was stayed.”
Calling upon me then to follow him, we left
the more public room where we had been conversing,
for one more private, into which none
are admitted but the partners of his most secret
counsels.
When we were seated in this more private
apartment, Herod asked with particularity after
Onias, and said he, “that bright flower of the
Jordan, Judith, how fares the damsel? well
worthy for her beauty to be queen of Judea,
Rome, or the world.”
I made slight, but as I was bound to do, courteous
answer, though I confess a pain, at hearing
her name from such lips. Yet, perhaps, I do
Herod injustice.
I need not relate, my mother, the conversations
which now ensued upon all the subjects
connected with the enterprise of Herod, the
obstructions thrown in his way by the appearance
of John and Jesus, and the probabilities
concerning the success of Sejanus in Rome,
and the aid to be derived from him. Of all the
impediments, however, which oppose his movement,
it is easy to see, notwithstanding the
that he most fears the power of Jesus. He
will not confess it before the Pharisees and the
priests, but seeing deeper than they, he apprehends
lest by those very virtues, and that humble
and lowly manner of life, which to a dull
sight seems to make him harmless, he should
build for himself a foundation in the hearts of
the people, deeper than could have been laid in
any other way, and too deep to be rooted up.
“Although,” he said, “I have not seen him,
yet I have made the most diligent and exact
inquiries, and to them all I have as yet received
but the same answers, all of which go to prove
that a man every way extraordinary hath arisen
among us. His virtues and manner of life are
such, as secure the veneration of most of those
who throng his steps, notwithstanding there be
some who accuse him of excesses, and of hostility
to the Law; but these may well be set
down as calumnies of those who envy him —
for when was there innocence or virtue, without
their detractors? His powers of healing
and working other miracles witnessed by so
many — whether they be powers derived from
our God or some other, or whether from magic, or
the spirits who fill the earth and air, I cannot
guess; nor can I tell in truth whether his life and
character be sincerely exhibited, or falsely, for
Roman, is this, that he obtains sway over the
people, and that each day thus far, as my spies
inform me, doth it grow wider and wider. At
the present time, I confess my fears to have
somewhat diminished, from what has even
within a day been reported, that he had offended
the Pharisees by the heat of his reproaches,
and caused many to doubt his Messiahship by
reason of the strange truths he preaches, which
appear to those who follow his steps to be contradictory
of the office and work, expected of
the Christ, and to make it impossible, that with
such opinions he should ever undertake them.
Let them proceed in the same way, and at least,
the more powerful of the Pharisees, of the
Council, and of the nation, will be turned against
him, being persuaded that he who can deride
and contemn them, the very sinews of the nation,
cannot be that Christ who is to exalt the
nation. So far, accordingly, as these are concerned,
they will work for us, without the necessity
of our interposing. Jesus himself will
destroy himself. But, Julian, behind these
who are the few — however powerful — there
are the many, the stupid populace, this fiery
headstrong rabble of the common people,
whom to bridle, ride, and govern, asks the
craft of the devil, and the strength of seven
with their foolish worship of this man
of Nazareth — our cities and our towns depopulated,
while they run hither and thither,
as they say, to hear his words in the synagogue,
or by the roadside, but as is more likely, to
gape with idle wonder, to gossip, and breed revolt.
They doubt not — not they, O wise and
far-seeing people! — that Jesus is their king,
and by him a mechanic-king, a low-born peasant-monarch,
of their own base blood, they
shall come to strange honors and liberties, they
shall be slaves no more, but freemen of the soil,
with a king over them or under them of their
own choosing, and Rome and the Herods at
their feet. These, young Roman, are our real
enemies, and until they are drawn off from
these wild fancies, or Jesus is drawn from them,
our purposes must halt, and our hands hang idle.
And who am I, to defer to this carpenter-king —
holding back, while he mounts where I should
stand?”
He paused and looked at me as if for a reply.
I said, “that I by no means wondered at the
present enthusiasm of the people, but I was
firmly persuaded that it would work its own
cure. If Jesus,” I continued, “be in truth the
Messiah by the appointment of God (certainly
he is a prophet of great authority) then wilt
hasten to do him homage — Herod's countenance
grew dark — we can desire no other than
to acknowledge him whom God shall send —
the people will then be where we would have
them. If he be not the true Messiah, the signs
that should show him such will be wanting,
and the people, deceived in their hopes, will fall
away from him; first doubtless revenging themselves
for their disappointment. In the mean
while” —
“Aye,” interrupted the Tetrarch — “what
in the mean while?”
“In the mean while,” I resumed, “I should
counsel a patient waiting, that we may not be
found possibly resisting the purposes of Jehovah.
And such,” I added, “do I know to be
the judgment of Onias.”
Herod's lip curled with an expression of contempt,
as he said, “Verily I think that you do
all hold of the fair Judith, who, as I learn, is
more than half a believer in Jesus; and for
herself, as I learn also, is a disciple of the holy
Saturninus.”
It seemed strange to me that Herod should
have known, even so much as this, of the private
thoughts of two persons so remote from
him, and I could not but entertain the conviction,
that for purposes of his own he had informed
means of what could not have been easily
known otherwise. Yet, it was possible also
that he might have obtained all he knew by
honest and proper channels. I therefore only
replied,
“That it was indeed true that the daughter
of Onias looked with great hope to Jesus, that
he would prove himself both prophet and king;
nay, though he were only prophet, she would
not refuse to own him as the Christ, did other
proofs conspire.”
“Ah,” said the King, “that comes of her
Samaritan rearing; she is foolish as her ancestors,
who, denying the Prophets, who alone
foreshow the Christ, are a people accursed. —
But, Julian, we stray from what we were saying.
Lest, then, the people should cling too
closely to Jesus, and overlook some of the reasons
that may readily be urged against his
claims, and lest the hindrances thrown in his
way by the rulers and priests should not be
sufficiently availing, it shall not be my fault if
there be not thickly scattered over the land,
wherever this Nazarene shall wander with his
fishermen, those who shall sow in the minds of
the people seed of another sort, and pluck up,
as they may, what he hath planted, and stir into
the mass of those whom he shall gather together
heave, if not to my rising, to his falling. I
might perhaps and with safety, as I just now said,
leave this whole office to the Pharisees, priests,
and to Jesus himself; it can hardly be doubtful
to what issue events would come. But as it is
a pleasure, in a remote retreat, still to use instruments
by which at a distance great designs
of others are rendered abortive, so I cannot
wholly refrain from doing as I have hinted; but
chiefly, you will not doubt, Julian, that I am
moved to such endeavors that thereby the great
Jehovah may be honored, the coming of the
true kingdom of God be promoted and hastened,
and those defeated, who, without other authority
than that of their own bewildered fancy, and
the cries of a blinded populace, think to step in
and thwart his purposes. While I live, and
reign, let me be true to the Law, to the Prophet
who gave the Law, and to God who
gave the Prophet.”
I still ventured to urge a further delay, and
on the ground, that as we could not know all
the purposes and plans of Jehovah, so we could
not feel sure that Jesus was not the Son of God,
revealing himself to the people in the way, not
in which we had been taught to expect him,
but in a way appointed by him who sent him.
There were indeed as yet no marks of such a
he declared to any one that he had come as the
Christ; but it was not to be denied that he was
invested with divine powers, that he was already
possessed of a portion of the spirit of God,
which, truly, the people look for as making a
part of what shall constitute their king; and
who therefore can say that he may not even yet,
notwithstanding the present appearances, give
those signs, whether in heaven or on earth,
unequivocal and convincing, that shall prove
him to be the Christ. He who can heal the
sick, and convert water into wine, and to limbs
withered and dead restore life and strength,
and all by a word of the mouth, it is plain, has
only to exert the same power in other directions
and to other ends, to stand before the people
in a blaze of glory, the dispenser of honors
and wealth, the leader of innumerable hosts,
the resistless conqueror, before whose arm,
nerved with the energy of God, and bearing
the thunderbolts of the Omnipotent, earthly
power, though that of Rome with all the world
in league, would sink and fade, as mists in the
rays of the morning sun.
Herod seemed to be struck, as I spoke these
things, with their reasonableness, and as I
ended, I rejoiced to find him not too much
wedded to his own opinion, to say so.
“That is all possible;” he said; “it cannot
be denied it is all possible; — Jesus may yet
put forth an energy that has not been seen or
suspected, and show himself to be all the
nation is looking and asking for. We learn too
that there is not only mildness, but dignity and
greatness also in his carriage, not unworthy a
king.” Herod paused, and for a few moments
remained buried in thought, but from his musing
suddenly broke forth with vehemence, —
“No, young man, no, it cannot be so. This
is all idle dreaming. A Nazarene mechanic, a
carpenter and the son of a carpenter, can never
be king of Israel. I fear him not. Prophet
he may be, Elias he may be, but not the Christ.
The work of Messiah is one, — one chiefly,
and for which there is little meetness in this
lamb-like peasant of Galilee. So too, I believe,
the people will soon discover, as well as
the scribes and priests. But enough of this.
Let us now forth; I would show thee, Julian,
that in Tiberias not less than in Machærus are
there proofs many and convincing, that the
Tetrarch of Galilee needs but to use the
strength he has, to be hailed king of Israel! I
will show thee the secret treasures of Tiberias.”
So saying he called upon me to follow him,
and leaving the palace for the city, we there
apartments and buildings, bearing without no
signs of the purposes to which they were devoted,
I beheld immense collections of all the
implements of war.
“These,” said Herod, “with more than
these in Sepphoris, are an ample supply for all
the northern portion of the land, as those in
Machærus and at Herodium are for all the
southern. Let there be Jewish arms and hands
to wield these instruments of death, with stout
Jewish hearts behind these coats of mail, and
the empire of Rome will quickly be at an end,
not in Syria alone, but the East. Yes, Julian,
in the East. Not with more certainty will Sejanus
reign in Rome, than will Herod Antipas
in Jerusalem; and not with a wider sway will
Sejanus stretch his sceptre over Europe and the
West, than will Herod over Asia and the East.
And, that the last rivet may be driven into the
compact that makes all this to be so, would I
soon have thee, Julian, as hath been already
agreed, hie thee to Rome; there, with the
knowledge which thou more than any other in
Judea possessest, to complete what has been
well begun. Sejanus, though no model of
virtue, is yet as I think in public affairs to be
trusted. But if one may rarely trust himself,
without some misgivings, much less, surely,
more especial office, while in Rome, to contrive
every most secret and unsuspected avenue to
the soul of Sejanus, that his heart may be perfectly
read, and the agreement or disagreement
that exists between his words and his real purposes
be discovered.”
I said that all that could be done in honor to
reach the designs of Sejanus I would not hesitate
to attempt.
“In honor!” said Herod, “honor toward
such as Sejanus? Hath he observed such rules
towards others? And shall these come between
a nation and its redemption?”
“Because Sejanus,” I answered, “regards
not the purity of his soul, can surely be no good
reason why I should bring a stain upon mine;
and if it be that Judea or Herod can be saved
only by transgressing such rules, then may
they sink into the ruin that awaits and becomes
them.”
At first Herod seemed, as I spoke, as if his
passions were about to rise as when I was in
Machærus; but the expression of his countenance
suddenly changed, and as I ended, he
said laughing, —
“By the soul of my father, but that is well
and bravely said. Violate surely, young man,
no rule of truth and honor, that is really such;
by the world, falsely esteemed such. Transgress
these, and thou dost but the more sacredly
observe the others. This is the sin I would
have thee commit; no other.”
We now returned to the palace.
That I may aid him in many affairs, in which
I also now have an interest as well as every
other Jew, Herod solicits me to remain for a
season at Tiberias. This I gladly consent to
do, that I may know more, through a nearer
intercourse, of this strange man, and become
acquainted also with this region of the country,
especially with the shores of this beautiful
lake. I shall hope also to wander as far as
Cæsarea Philippi, the capital of Herod Philip.
| XVIII. Julian, or Scenes in Judea | |