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Literary and Scientific Department.

SCHOOL OF LATIN.

Prof. Peters.

The subjects taught in this school are the Latin Language and Literature,
with the History of Rome. The School is divided into three
classes: Junior, Intermediate, and Senior.

Text-BooksJunior Class—Cæsar, Ovid, Sallust.

Intermediate Class—Cicero, Virgil, Terence, Livy.

Senior Class—Cicero, Horace, Livy, Juvenal, Tacitus.

Grammar.—Zumpt's, Gildersleeve's, Harrison's Exposition of the
Laws of the Latin Language.

Lexicons.—Andrew's, or Freund's Leverett.

History.—Browne's Roman Literature, Liddell's Rome, Long's
Atlas.

Instruction is given by lectures and by examinations upon the portions
of text assigned for recitation. The exercises of rendering Latin
into English, and English into Latin, in writing, constitute a prominent
feature in the course. In addition to the portions of the several
authors read in the lecture room, a course of extra and parallel
reading is required in each class.

Sanskrit.

The Professor of Latin will also give instruction in Sanskrit.

Text-Books.—Monier Williams' Grammar, Benfey's Lexicon, selections
from the Mahâ-Bhârata.

SCHOOL OF GREEK.

Prof. Gildersleeve.

The School is divided into three classes: Junior, Intermediate, and
Senior. The method of instruction comprises lectures (systematic and
exegetical,) examinations, written and oral exercises.


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Junior Class.—The Junior Class is intended especially for those
who desire to make a thorough review of the inflections and to acquire
a practical familiarity with the great principles of the language.
The only author read in this class is Xenophon.

Grammar.—Kühner's Elementary, Goodwin's Elementary.

Intermediate Class.—Lysias, Xenophon, Herodotus, Homer, and
Demosthenes.

Senior Class.—Thucydides, Sophocles, Euripides, and Plato.

Grammars.—Hadley's, Kühner's, Goodwin's Moods and Tenses.

Liddell and Scott's Lexicon, Smith's History of Greece

A private course of parallel and preparatory reading is also prescribed
for each class.

The weekly exercises constitute a prominent feature in the plan of
instruction.

Post Graduate Department.—The Post Graduate Department
has been instituted for the benefit of graduates and others who wish
to pursue a more extended course of reading. The authors read in
this department are such as are either by their form or subjects less
suited for the regular school, e. g. Æschylus, Aristophanes, and
Aristotle.

In the examinations of candidates for graduation in Latin and
Greek, the passages given for the written translations are selected, not
from the portions of authors which have been read and explained in
the lecture room, but from the classic writers at will.

Hebrew.

The Professor of Greek will also give instruction in Hebrew whenever
the demand for such instruction is sufficient to make the institution
of a course of lectures expedient.

Grammar.—Deutsch's.

SCHOOL OF MODERN LANGUAGES.

Prof. Schele de Vere.

The subjects taught in this School are:

1. The French, German, Italian, and Spanish languages.

2. The Literature of these languages, and the History of each
idiom, embracing the general principles of the formation and growth
of languages, and of Comparative Grammar and Philology.

3. The Anglo-Saxon language, and, in connection with it, the History
and Laws of the English language.


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Graduation in French and German is required for the degree of A.
M. Diplomas of Graduation are conferred in each of the four languages
mentioned in § 1; a certificate of proficiency in Anglo-Saxon.

French.

Text Books.Junior Class—The Professor's Grammar and First
Reader, Télémaque, Charles XII.

Senior Class—The Professor's Grammar, Molière, Racine, Voltaire,
Saintine's Picciola, Spiers and Surenne's Dictionary. A course
of private reading is prescribed.

German.

Junior Class—Otto's Grammar, Whitney's Reader, Schiller's
William Tell.

Senior Class—Whitney's Grammar, Adler's Dictionary, Schiller's
Works, Gœthe's Autobiography and Faust, Jean Paul's Flegeljahre.
A course of private reading is prescribed.

Spanish.

The Professor's Grammar, Seoane's Dictionary, Velasquez' Reader,
Don Quixote, Calderon's El Principe Constante.

Italian.

Bacchi's Grammar, Monti's Reader, Manzoni's I Promessi Sposi,
Tasso's Gerusalemme Liberata, Pellico's Le Mie Prigioni, Dictionary.

Anglo-Saxon.

Shute's Manual of Anglo-Saxon, The Professor's Studies in English.

SCHOOL OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY.

Prof. Noah K. Davis.

The subjects of this School are treated as follows:

I. In Psychology, the intellect, the sensibilities, the will are viewed
as modifications of consciousness. Perception is held to be immediate,
and primitive truths are referred to intuition. Sensationalism,
materialism, idealism, and the development theories are opposed, in
favor of natural realism.


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Text Books.—Hamilton's Metaphysics, Mill's Examination of
Hamilton, Mansel's Metaphysics, Kant's Critique of Pure Reason.

II. In Logic both the Aristotelic and Hamiltonian analyses are
applied to many examples, and select arguments reduced to syllogistic
statement. Special attention is given to the nature and methods of
inductive inference.

Text Books.—Hamilton's Logic, Mill's Logic.

III. In Ethics the intuitional theory is maintained against utilitarianism.
The chief problems of ethical science are discussed, and its
principles applied to personal and social duty.

Text Books.—Calderwood's Hand Book of Moral Philosophy.
Stewart's Active and Moral Powers, Blackie's Four Phases of Morals.

IV. In Philosophy an outline of the history of speculation is given
from Plato to Hegel. The opinions of the various schools are sketched,
the views of different philosophers compared and criticised, and the
principles of Ontology investigated.

Text Books.—Schwegler's History of Philosophy, Morell's History
of Modern Philosophy.

In this School there are three lectures a week, from 3½ to 5 o'clock
P. M. The student is examined on the subject as developed by the
lectures, supplemented by such portions of the works used for reference
as may be indicated by the Professor.

Political Economy.

On this associated subject there is one lecture a week. The relations
of Labor and Capital are discussed, also various systems of Currency,
Banking, Finance and Taxation, with special reference to what
is peculiar in the physical condition, political and social institutions,
and industrial pursuits of our own country. Fundamental questions
in Sociology are also considered,

Text Books.—Mill's Principles of Political Economy, and Bowen's
American Political Economy.

SCHOOL OF HISTORY, GENERAL LITERATURE AND
RHETORIC.

Prof. Holmes.

This School is divided into two distinct classes—one of History
and one of Literature and Rhetoric. To each, two Lectures in the
week are regularly devoted; but exercises in literary composition are
required from the members of the Literary Class. Each study may
be pursued separately.


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Class of History.

In the Historical Class the successions, revolutions, and various
aspects of the principal nations of the world are considered in such a
manner as to afford a general and connected view of the progress of
political and social organizations. Institutions and laws are noted a
the manifestations of different phases of society; an attempt is made
to discover and clucidate the conditions of historical advancement,
and to refer the changes of nations and governments to the operation
of regular principles.

Text Books.—Schmitz's Manual of Ancient History; Smith's History
of Greece; Gibbon, Abridged by Smith; Taylor's Manual of Modern
History.

For Reference—Long's Ancient Atlas; Appleton's (College) Atlas,
or Chambers' Atlas; Blair's Chronology (Bohn's edition.)

Class of Literature and Rhetoric.

In the class of Literature and Rhetoric, the English Language,
English Composition, Rhetoric, and the English Classics, with the
History of English Literature, are studied.

The origin, growth and philological peculiarities of the Language
are considered; the various influences, domestic and external, by
which it has been brought to its present condition are explained: the
general principles of Rhetoric and Criticism are taught; the lives of
the most eminent authors in the language are treated in their historical
order and connection; and the critical examination and appreciation
of their chief productions occupy much of the time of the
student. The class will also be required to practice Literary Composition.

Text Books—Jamieson's Grammar of Rhetoric; Shaw's Complete
Manual of English Literature, Ed. Smith and Tuckerman; Student's
Specimens of English Literature, Ed. Shaw and Smith, London.

Shakespeare's Complete Works; Milton's Poetical Works.

For instruction in Oratory or spoken composition, those portions
of Dr. Broadus's Treatise on the Preparation and Delivery of Sermons,
which are appropriate to secular purposes, are specially commended.
The study of Angus's Handbook of the English Language
is also recommended.


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SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS.

Prof. Venable.

This School embraces two distinct departments or courses:

  • 1. Pure Mathematics.

  • 2. Mixed Mathematics.

Pure Mathematics.

In the course of Pure Mathematics there are three classes, Junior,
Intermediate, and Senior.

Junior Class.—Theory of Arithmetical Operations and Notation,
Algebra, Geometry and Geometrical Conic Sections, with discussions
of the Ancient Geometrical Analysis, the Theory of Transversals, and
other subjects of Modern Geometry. The preparation desirable for
this class is the thorough study of Arithmetic, of Algebra through
Equations of the Second Degree, and of the first four books of Legendre
or Euclid.

Intermediate Class.—Plane and Spherical Trigonometry with Applications,
Analytical Geometry of two Dimensions, the Theory of
Equations, and Elements of Descriptive Geometry.

Senior Class.—Analytical Geometry of three Dimensions, the Differential
and Integral Calculus with applications to the Theory of
Probabilities, and the Determination of Mean Values and Centres of
Gravity, and the Calculus of Variations. Lectures are given to this
class on the History of Mathematics, and on some points in Controversial
Mathematics, with brief discussions of the elements of Tri-linear
Coördinates, of the Theory of Determinants, the Theory of
Complex Functions, and of the principles of the Method of Quaternions.

Text BooksJunior Class—Venable's Higher Arithmetic, Todhunter's
Algebra, Legendre's Geometry. For reference and examples.
Pott's Euclid.

Intermediate Class.—Snowball's Trigonometry, Law's Logarithms,
Puckle's Conic Sections (Analytical Geometry), Church's
Descriptive Geometry. For reference, Todhunter's Theory of Equations.

Senior Class.—Aldis' Solid Geometry, Courtney's Calculus, Todhunter's
Differential and Integral Calculus.

In the Junior Class there are three lectures each week: in the Intermediate
Class, two lectures each week: in the Senior Class, three
lectures each week.


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Mixed Mathematics.

This course is designed for those students who may desire to prosecute
their studies beyond the limits of the Pure Mathematics. It
embraces Applications of the Differential and Integral Calculus to
selected portions of Mechanics, Physics, and Physical Astronomy.
There is one class in the Mixed Mathematics.

In the Class of Mixed Mathematics there are two lectures each
week.

The instruction in each class in the School of Mathematics is conveyed
partly by lectures and partly by the systematic study of approved
text-books, the student being assisted by full and frequent
explanations from the Professor, and being constantly subjected to
rigid examinations. The progress of the student in each class is also
tested by his being required to perform written exercises, in which
the principles acquired are applied to the solution of particular
problems.

In the course of these lectures notes will be given on the methods
of instruction in Mathematics for the benefit of those students, who
desire to become teachers in this department of study.

Any student entering the school has the privilege af attending all
or any of the classes, and if prepared to enter an advanced class, may
often find it highly advantageous to review his previous studies by
attendance on a lower class also.

SCHOOL OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.

Prof. Smith.

This School includes two departments: General Physics and
Practical Physics.

1. General Physics.

Junior Class.—The Junior Class meets three times each week
throughout the session of nine months. The object of the course of
lectures to this class is to furnish the student with a comprehensive
view of Modern Physics and to make him familiar with its methods
of investigation. With the design of laying a thoroughly scientific


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basis for the course, a large space is given at the outset to the discussion
of the cardinal doctrines of motion, force and energy, and to
their simpler applications, in the pressure and motion of visible
masses.

With this preparation the student proceeds to the subject of Molecular
Physics, embracing Sound, Light, Heat and Electricity.
Throughout the course the established laws of motion and force are
kept steadily in view, and an attempt is made to exhibit the evidence,
daily becoming stronger and clearer, for the prevalent belief among
scientists, that the entire body of Physics is a coherent and harmonious
system of mechanical truth.

Text-Books.—The Professor's Syllabus. Treatise on Nat. Phil.: by
Privat Deschanel.

Senior Class.—This class meets twice each week, and studies Mechanics
and Astronomy.

Text-Books.—Parkinson's Mechanics, in conjuction with the Professor's
Syllabus. Norton's Astronomy, with Chauvenet's Astronomy, for
reference.

Candidates for graduation in the school of Natural Philosophy are
required to attend only the foregoing classes.

2. Practical Physics.

To meet the wants of students who may be preparing themselves
to become teachers of science, and of those who, for other reasons,
desire to push their studies in Physics beyond the limits of the lecture-room
course, the Visitors have recently instituted a special department
with the above title, and have authorized a separate diploma of
graduation to be given to such as exhibit proficiency in its exercises.
The course of instruction in this class will be partly theoretical and
partly experimental, embracing the following topics:

A. Theoretical. Reduction of Observations. Graphical Representation
of Results. Interpolation. Method of Least Squares. Essays
on Prescribed Physical Topics.

B. Experimental. In this, the main portion of the course, the
student will learn physical manipulation and the use of instruments
by actual practice.

1. Lecture-room Apparatus and lecture-room Experiments.

2. Physical measurements and "instruments of precision." Cathetometer.
Spherometer. Dividing Engine. Gonimeter. Balance.


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Syren. Monochord. Revolving Mirror. Photometer. Microscope.
Spectroscope. Polariscope. Electrometer. Galvanometer. Meteorological
instruments, with daily use of the same.

Text-Books. Chauvenet, Method of least squares —, Pickering,
Physical manipulation, — Kohlrausch, Physical measurements.

By order of the Board of Visitors, the Professor is not required to
form this class, if less than six students enter it.

MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY.

These subjects are, for the present, annexed to this School, and
are assigned to a separate class, which the members of other classes
in the School may attend without payment of an additional fee. The
lectures embrace Physical Geography and Mineralogy, so far as they
are indispensable to the student of Geology. Special reference is
made to the Geographical structure of Virginia and the neighboring
States.

Text-Book. Lyell's Students' Elements of Geology, with Dana's
Manuals of Mineralogy and Geology for reference.

SCHOOL OF GENERAL AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY.

Prof. Mallet.

In this School there are two classes:

I. The class in general Chemistry hears three lectures each week
throughout the session. The fundamental ideas of chemical science,
the relations of Chemistry to Physics, the laws regulating chemical
combination by weight and by volume, the atomic theory as at
present viewed in connection with Chemistry, the chemical nomenclature
and symbols now in use, and a general survey of the descriptive
chemistry of the elements and their compounds inorganic and
organic, are brought forward in order, with incidental allusion to the
applications in medicine, the arts and manufactures, of the facts mentioned.

The attention of medical students is particularly drawn to the
physiological, medical and sanitary relations of the subject—the
chemical nature and properties of poisons, methods of detecting them
and of counteracting their effects, &c.

Text-Book—Fones' Chemistry, last edition. Recommended for


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reference: Miller's Elements of Chemistry; A. Naquet—Principes
de Chimie fondéc sur les théories modernes.

Lectures on Pharmacy are given to the students of medicine, this
special course beginning soon after the intermediate examinations.

Text-Book—Parrish's Pharmacy.

II The class in Industrial Chemistry, to which class also three lectures
a week are delivered, studies in detail the chemical principles
and processes specially concerned in the more important arts and
manufactures, upon which in large measure depends the development
of the natural resources of the country: the opportunity being thus
presented of preparation for such positions as those of the miner and
metallurgist, the chemical manufacturer, the dyer, bleacher, tanner,
sugar retiner, &c.

Amongst the more important subjects discussed are: The production
of materials of very general application, including the metallurgy
of iron copper, lead, zinc, tin, silver, gold &c.: the preparation and
properties of alloys, and the processes of electro-metallurgy, the
manufacture upon the large scale of acids aikalies, salts, glass, porcelain
and earthenware: the production and preservation of food,
including the processes of bread-making, wine-making, brewing and
distilling, the manufacture of sugar and vinegar, the curing of meat,
the examination and purification of drinking water, &c; chemical
arts relating to clothing, such as bleaching, dyeing, calico printing,
tanning, and the preparation of indian rubber; the chemistry of those
arts which afford us shelter, embracing the examination of building
materials, lime-burning, the manufacture of mortar and cements, the
explosive agents used in blasting, as gunpowder, gun cotton, nitroglycerine,
paints and varnishes, disinfecting materials, &c.; heating
and ventilation, the different kinds of fuel and modes of burning
them: illumination by artificial means, candles, lamps, the preparation
of petroleum, the manufacture of illuminating gas, matches;
the chemistry of ashing, the preparation of soap, starch and perfumes:
the chemical relations of printing and writing, the manufacture
of paper, ink, artists' colors, photographic materials, &c.

Text Book— Wagner's Chemical Technology, translated by Crookes.
For reference—Richardson and Watt's Chemical Technology; Muspratt's
Chemistry as Applied to Arts and Manufactures: Ure's Dictionary
of Arts and Manufactures;
Dumas—Traité de Chimie appliqe
aux Arts; Percy's Metallurgy, &c.

The lectures to both these classes are illustrated by suitable experiments,


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and by such specimens, models, drawings, &c., as the various
subjects require. The collections of the University in illustration of
the processes and products of industrial chemistry have been procured
with much expense and pains in this country. England, France,
and Germany, and are unusually extensive and good—amongst the
best, if not the best, on this side of the Atlantic.

SCHOOL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS, ENGINEERING AND
ARCHITECTURE.

Prof. Bœck.

Assistant Instructor Folke.

The School is divided into three classes:

Junior Class.—Theory and use of Engineering Instruments[1] ,
Land Surveying[1] and Levelling[1] , Construction of Roads, Railroads,
Canals and Tunnels, Spherical Astronomy and Geodesy, Drainage
and Irrigation, General Theory of Building, including Building Materials[1]
, Framing[1] , and Masonry[1] , General Theory of Projections[1] ,
Orthogonal and Oblique Projections, including Orthogonal and Oblique
Projections of Shades and Shadows[1] , Topographical Drawings[1] ,
Constructive and Free-hand Drawing[1] , Drawing of Ornaments, &c.,
Field Practice[1] .

Text-Books.—Notes of the Professor.

Intermediate Class—General Theory of Building continued.
embracing Lateral Pressure of Earth[1] , Retaining Walls[1] , Piers,
Arches, Foundations above ground and under water[1] , Strength of
Materials and its practical application to entire Constructions[1] , Roofs
and Spires[1] , Private and Public Buildings, Warming and Ventilation
of Buildings, Wooden Bridges, in particular American Wooden
Bridges, Hydraulic Engineering, Construction of Wears and Locks,
River Improvements, Harbors, Supply of Cities and Towns with
Water, Sewerage, Axonometric Projections, including Axonometric
Projections of Shades and Shadows[1] , Perspective, including Perspective
Projections of Shades and Shadows[1] , Stone Cutting, Orders
and Styles of Architecture, Free-hand Drawing continued, Architectural
Drawing and Design.


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Text-Books.—Notes of the Professor.

Senior Class.—Stone and Iron Bridges, Movable Bridges, Suspension
Bridges, Mechanical Engineering, Machinery and Machines,
Steam Engines, Mining Engineering, Construction of Furnaces and
Founderies, Architectural and Mechanical Drawing and Design, History
of Architecture, Higher Geodesy and Projection of Maps.

Text Books.—Notes of the Professor.

For the use of students in this school a commodious Drawing Hall
has been fitted up, and ample collections of Field Instruments, and of
Models illustrating the principles of Hydraulic, Architectural, and
Mechanical Engineering, have been provided. These models, of admirable
workmanship, were constructed for the University in the
widely known establishment of Schröder, of Darmstadt, Germany.

Agricultural Engineering.

Use of Engineering Instruments, Surveying and Levelling, Construction
of Roads, Drainage and Irrigation, General Theory of Building,
embracing: Building Materials, Framing, Masonry, Foundations,
Flooring, Roofing, Elementary Principles of the Strength of Materials
and their application in practice, Construction of Simple Wooden
Bridges, Rural Architecture, Machinery, Transmission and Change of
Motion, General Theory of Agricultural Implements and Machines,
Drawing and Design.

 
[1]

The subjects marked by the asterisk are those required for the students
of Mining Engeering in this School.

SCHOOL OF ANALYTICAL AND AGRICULTURAL
CHEMISTRY.

Prof. Mallet.

Adjunct Prof. Dunnington.

In Analytical Chemistry there are three classes:

I. The first class meets twice each week during the session, on each
occasion spending from two to four hours in practical experiment in
the laboratory. A regularly arranged course of practice in chemical
manipulation is first pursued; qualitative analysis is then taken up-and
the means of detecting the most important chemical substances
having been learned, students are required to find out for themselves,
by analysis, the constituents of unknown materials presented to
them. Special attention is given to substances having useful applications


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in the arts or connected with agriculture. Towards the close
of the session the elements of quantitative analysis are taught, so far
as the limitation of time will permit.

II. The laboratory will be open to the second class on six days of
each week during the whole of the working hours of each day. A
full course of instruction in practical chemistry, including the qualitative
and quantitative analysis of ores, soils, manures, technical
products, &c., will be given; and students will be assisted and encouraged
to undertake original research.

III. The third class is one specially intended for students of medicine,
and will meet for lessons of two hours each, twice in the week
for two months of the session. To this class the practical applications
of chemistry to medicine will be taught, the detection of
poisons, chemical and microscopical examination of animal products,
urine, blood, &c.

Among the works recommended to laboratory students are: Fresenius—Qualitative
and Quantitative Analysis;
H. Rose—Handbuch
der analytischen Chemie
(also in French translation); Greville Williams—Handbook
of Chemical Manipulation;
Wöhler—Examples
for Practice in Chemical Analysis;
Von Kobell—Tafeln zur Restimmung
der Mineralien
(also in English translation); Bolley—Handbuch
der technisch-chemischen Untersuchungen;
Odling—Practical
Chemistry for Medical Students;
A. H. Church—Laboratory Guide
for Agricultural Students.

Beside the above there will also be a class in Practical Pharmacy,
specially intended for medical students, which will receive twelve
lessons during the latter half of the session.

Text-Book.—Parrish's Pharmacy.

In Agricultural Chemistry there is one class, to which lectures are
delivered once a week throughout the session; or, when found more
convenient to students of agriculture, a larger number of lectures per
week will be given during a part of the year only.

In this course the chemical and physical properties of soils, of the
atmosphere, and of plants, the chemistry of the processes of vegetable
life and growth, the composition and chemical preparation of
manures, &c., will be discussed.

Text Books—S. W. Johnson—How Crops Grow and How Crops
Feed.
For reference, J. F. W. Johnston—Agricultural Chemistry,
R. Hoffman—Theoretisch-praktische Ackerbauchemie.


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Farmers who are not regular students of the University, but may
desire to attend this special course, are freely invited to do so.

Very liberal provision has been made in the way of material arrangements
for the teachings of this Chair. A new laboratory building
of ample size, specially designed for the purposes of working
students, has been erected, containing all necessary rooms, fitted
with double windows for the preservation of uniform temperature,
and amply supplied with gas, water and all proper laboratory fixtures;
and all needful apparatus, chemicals, minerals, materials for
analysis, &c., have been imported from Europe in abundance.

THE SCHOOL OF NATURAL HISTORY, EXPERIMENTAL
AND PRACTICAL AGRICULTURE.

Prof. Jno. R. Page, M. D.

This School will be divided into three (3) classes, viz: Zoology,
Botany, and Agriculture.

I. Zoology will include the leading principles of the science, with
special reference to the Anatomy, Physiology, and Morphology of
typical species throughout the animal kingdom.

Special lectures will be given during this course in regard to Insects
injurious to Vegetation; Fish and Oyster culture; and the breeding,
rearing, and diseases of Domestic Animals.

II. Botany will include a minute history of the structure, physiology
and morphology of the plant, in embryo, root, stem, leaf,
flower, fruit, and formation of seed.

During this course, special lectures will be given on Noxious Weeds
and useful plants, and some of the Fungoid diseases of Plants.

III. Agriculture.—This course will be divided into two (2) parts,
Experimental and Practical.

1. Experimental Agriculture will have reference to the food of
Plants in the Atmosphere and Soil; the formation, variety, classification
and adaptation of soils to various crops, illustrated by suitable
experiments.

2. Practical Agriculture will relate to the Soil Cultivated, its nature,
exposure and drainage; the importance of making domestic Manures
and their application; the use of Fertilizers, with experiments, in


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order to show their effects. Tillage illustrated practically on the
farm, in plowing, subsoiling, harrowing, rolling, &c.; in preparing
the land for the reception of Seed, as well as in the cultivation of
Crops. Special instruction will be given in regard to the practical
management of teams, in the various mechanical operations on the
farm.

The lectures in the three classes will be delivered concurrently
throughout the session, as far as practicable.

The following Text Books will be used in this School:

Manual of Zoology, Nicholson; School and Field Book of Botany,
Gray; How Crops Grow, Johnson; How Crops Feed, Johnson.

The following may be usefully referred to in connection with different
parts of the course: Carpenter's "Zoology;" Harris' "Insects
Injurious to Vegetation;" Chapman's "Flora of the Southern States;"
"How to Farm Profitably," Mechi; "Muck Manual," Dana; "American
Weeds and Useful Plants," Darlington.

FARMERS' SCHOLARSHIPS.

In order to encourage the study of Scientific and Practical Agriculture
in Virginia, and thus promote the Farming and Planting
interests of the State, forty Farmers' Scholarships, (one for each
Senatorial district) will be thrown open next session in the University,
in addition to the fifty State scholarships now existing under the law.
These Scholarships will be tenable for two years, and afford FREE
TUITION in the following schools:

1. Natural History and Agriculture.

2. General and Industrial Chemistry.

3. Agricultural Chemistry, and a prescribed course in Analytical
Chemistry in connexion with it.

4. Natural Philosophy.

6. Mathematics.

7. History and English Literature.

The amounts thus saved to the students appointed will be from $
to $100 each session according to the schools taken.

The Farmers' Scholarships will be conferred on those whose parents
are unable and who are themselves unable to incur the expense of


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their education without aid, and who will declare their bona fide intention
to become farmers or planters.

The appointments will be made on the 20th of September. Applicants
must be at least seventeen years of age.

Applications containing satisfactory declarations as to the above
conditions, and accompanied by testimonials of irreproachable moral
character, and of capacity to profit by the instruction given in the
University, may be addressed to

JAMES F. HARRISON, M. D.,
Chairman of the Faculty.