University of Virginia :: March, 1907 :: University of Virginia Library

III. PART III.

SCHOOLS AND DEPARTMENTS
OF THE
UNIVERSITY:
THE LIBRARY.

THE COLLEGE.

EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D. C. L., LL. D.,	President.
JAMES MORRIS PAGE, M. A., Ph. D.,	Dean.

Required for Entrance upon the Work of the Department.—The
General Entrance Examination, or admission to the University by certificate
or diploma, as stated in a preceding portion of this catalogue (p. 78).
The General Entrance Examination must be supplemented, in the case of
certain of the College courses by examinations for classification: the
nature of these is in each case stated in its proper connection.

These are the minimum requirements for admission to the College;
and any candidate for admission who has received a preparation more
ample than is thus represented will be admitted to advanced standing on
satisfactory evidence of his attainments: candidates entering from other
colleges will be admitted to advanced standing in accordance with the
conditions stated on page 86.

Every student is required to undertake the work of three courses,
each consisting of three or more lectures or exercises a week throughout
the year; and only three, unless otherwise authorized by the Faculty.
Hence the time necessary for the attainment of the Degree of Bachelor
of Arts by a student with the minimum preparation above indicated is
four years.

All undergraduate academic students, with the exception of Special
Students, as defined in the preceding part of this catalogue, are regarded
as members of the College. Full opportunity has in the past been, and
will in the future be, given to any student to carry out any definite plan
of work which he may have in view on coming to the University, or which
may have been prescribed for him by those under whose direction he is
completing his education. Every student is, however, expected to come
to the University for a definite purpose: and when no well considered
plan, as above indicated, has been outlined in advance, and the end in
view is that for which the great majority of students enter college, namely,
the attainment of a liberal education, the student in question will be
expected to enter upon the regular work of the College, which leads to
the bachelor's degree.

BACHELOR OF ARTS.

The requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts of the University
of Virginia are such as to permit of the large measure of
freedom of election on the part of the individual student which has

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characterized the work of the University from the beginning: such restriction
only being placed upon this liberty as is necessary to insure at
the same time the thoroughness and the breadth of culture for which this
degree stands. In order to secure to the recipient of this degree in due
measure an acquaintance with the methods of study and of thought
characteristic of each of the leading departments of knowledge, as well as
with their subject matter, as far as possible, his choice of work leading
thereto is subject to the following conditions:

The candidate for this degree is required to choose ten B. A. electives
(save in the cases presently to be mentioned): these electives consist in
some cases of a single course, in others of two or more courses. One
elective must be chosen by every candidate from each of the seven groups
defined below: the other three are to be taken at large from the courses
indicated as open to such election in the brief summary which immediately
follows the statement of the groups, or from the graduate courses open to
candidates for the Master's degree. The electives at large consist in each
case of single courses.

Students who complete the work of both of the B. A. electives in
group I (namely, Latin and Greek) are required to choose but seven
other electives (or two electives at large). Students who have completed
seven or more B. A. electives, satisfying the requirements of the group
system, may offer in lieu of the three electives at large the work of the
first year in the Department of Law or of Medicine, or three technical
courses in the Department of Engineering. Candidates who enter with
advanced standing from other colleges must spend one full year in academic
work and must complete at least three B. A. electives here in order to be
admitted to the privilege last stated.

Any student in good standing who satisfies the requirements above
stated, under the prescribed conditions, is entitled to the degree of
Bachelor of Arts of the University of Virginia.

The groups referred to in the preceding paragraphs, from each of
which one B. A. elective must be chosen by every candidate for the degree,
are as follows: (The courses included in each elective are indicated.)

I. ANCIENT LANGUAGES.

Latin: Latin 1, Latin 2.

Greek: Greek 1, Greek 2, Greek 3.

II. MODERN LANGUAGES.

German: German 1, German 2 (or 3).

French: French 1, French 2.

Spanish: Spanish 1, Spanish 2.

III. ENGLISH.

English Literature: English Literature 1, English Literature
2 (or 3).

English Language: English Literature 1, English Language 1.

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IV. HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY.

History: History 1.

Economics: Economics 1.

Philosophy: Logic 1 (or Psychology 2).

Education: Education 1.

V. MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES.

Mathematics: Mathematics 1, Mathematics 2.

Astronomy: Mathematics 1, Astronomy 1.

Mechanics: Mathematics 1, Mechanics 1.

VI. EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES.

Physics: Experimental Physics 1.

Chemistry: General Chemistry 1.

VII. DESCRIPTIVE SCIENCES.

Biology: General Biology 1.

Geology: Geology 1.

COURSES IN THE ACADEMIC SCHOOLS WHICH ARE OPEN TO
COLLEGE STUDENTS AS ELECTIVES FOR THE
FIRST DEGREE IN ARTS.

A brief summary is here presented of the courses open to election by
candidates for the baccalaureate degree under the preceding group system
and as electives at large: in addition candidates may offer as electives
at large any of the graduate courses open to candidates for the degree of
Master of Arts, a summary of which, with a schedule of lecture and
examination hours is given on page 124: provided that in each case the
undergraduate course or courses prerequisite for the subject in question
have been completed. A description of each of these courses will be
found in the statements of the Academic Schools upon subsequent pages
(125-159). Where a course is stated to be prerequisite to a second course,
the latter may be taken parallel with the former if, in the judgment of
the professor concerned, the circumstances justify such a privilege.

Latin.

1. Grammar and Prose: Sallust, Ovid, Vergil, Cicero: The Geography,
History, and Private Life of the Romans. Entrance upon conditions
stated on p. 127. Required (or its equivalent) if Latin is chosen as
the elective from group I. In two sections: I, Mon., Wed., Fri.,
12 to 1; II, Tues., Thurs., Sat., 12 to 1: Cabell Hall. Prof.
Fitz-Hugh and Mr. McLemore.
2. Grammar and Prose: Livy, Tacitus, Catullus, Vergil, Cicero, Seneca:
The Public Life, Religion, and Mythology of the Romans. Course I
(or its equivalent) prerequisite. This or the following course required
if Latin is chosen as the elective from group I. May be

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offered as an elective at large if Latin 1 and 3, or if Greek 1, 2,
and 3 are chosen as the elective from group I. In two sections:
I, Mon., Wed., Fri., 10 to 11; II, Tues., Thur., Sat., 1 to 2: Cabell
Hall. Prof. Fitz-Hugh and Mr. Myers.
3. Grammar and Prose: Livy, Tacitus, Vergil, Horace, Quintilian:
The Art of the Romans. Course I (or its equivalent) prerequisite.
This or the preceding course required if Latin is chosen as the
elective from group I. May be offered as an elective at large if
Latin 1 and 2, or if Greek 1, 2, and 3 are chosen as the elective
from group I. In two sections: I, Tues., Thur., Sat., 10 to 11;
II, Mon., Wed., Fri., 1 to 2: Cabell Hall. Prof. Fitz-Hugh and
Mr. Bolling.

Greek.

1. Course for Beginners. Grammar and Composition: Xenophon's
Anabasis, four books. Required if Greek is chosen as the elective
from group I, unless the Entrance Examination in Greek has been
passed. Mon., Wed., Fri., 9 to 10: Cabell Hall. Dr. Sears.
2. Grammar and Composition: Attic Prose; Xenophon's Memorabilia
and Hellenica, Lysias. The Entrance Examination in Greek or
Course 1 prerequisite. Required if Greek is chosen as the elective
from group I. Tues., Thur., Sat., 10 to 11: Cabell Hall. Prof.
Humphreys.
3. Grammar and Composition: Attic and Ionic Prose and Drama, and
Epic Poetry: Plato, Demosthenes, Euripides, Herodotus, Homer;
History and Literature, Meters, etc. Course 2 prerequisite. Required
if Greek is chosen as the elective from group I. May be
offered as an elective at large if Latin 1 and 2 are chosen as the
elective from group I. Tues., Thur., Sat., 11 to 12: Cabell Hall.
Prof. Humphreys.

German.

1. Course for Beginners. Grammar and prose composition: translation
of Prose Fiction (Novellen) and Lyric Poetry. Required if
German is chosen as the elective from group II, unless the Entrance
Examination in German has been passed. Tues., Thur., Sat., 1 to
2: Cabell Hall. Adj. Prof. Faulkner (absent on leave), Adj.
Prof. Setzler.
2. Grammar and Prose Composition: Modern German Prose and
Poetry: History of German literature. Course 1 prerequisite, or
its equivalent. Required if German is chosen as the elective from
group II. May be offered as an elective at large if French 1 and
2 or Spanish 1 and 2 are chosen as the elective from group II.
Mon., Wed., Fri., 10 to 11: Cabell Hall. Prof. Harrison; Adj.
Prof. Faulkner (absent on leave), and Adj. Prof. Setzler.

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3. Scientific German. Corresponds with Course 2, save in the texts
read; and may be substituted therefor as the elective from group II
in German. Wed., 10 to 11; Mon., Fri., 1 to 2: Cabell Hall.
Prof. Harrison; Adj. Prof. Faulkner (absent on leave), and Adj.
Prof. Setzler.

French.

1. Course for Beginners. Grammar and Prose Composition: translation
of Modern French. Required if French is chosen as the elective
from group II. Mon., Wed., Fri., 9 to 10: Rotunda, S. W. Dr.
Dargan.
2. Grammar and Prose Composition: Modern French Literature;
Nineteenth Century novel, drama, and lyric: History of French
Literature. Course 1 prerequisite, or its equivalent. Required if
French is chosen as the elective from group II. May be offered
as an elective at large if German 1 and 2, or Spanish 1 and 2 are
chosen as the elective from group II. Tues., Thur., Sat., 9 to 10:
Rotunda, S. W. Prof. Wilson.

Spanish.

1. Course for Beginners. Grammar and Prose Composition: translation
of Modern Spanish. Required if Spanish is chosen as the
elective from group II. Mon., Wed., Fri., 11 to 12: Rotunda, S. W.
Dr. Dargan.
2. Grammar and Prose Composition: Modern Spanish Literature;
Nineteenth Century novel, drama, and lyric; History of Spanish
Literature. Course 1 prerequisite, or its equivalent. Required if
Spanish is chosen as the elective from group II. May be offered
as an elective at large if German 1 and 2, or French 1 and 2 are
chosen as the elective from group II. Mon., Wed., Fri., 1 to 2:
Rotunda, S. W. Dr. Dargan.

English Literature.

1. Composition and Rhetoric: History of English or American Literature:
Study of Poetry: and selected Prose. Required (or its
equivalent) if either English Literature or English Language is
chosen as the elective from group III. In two sections: I, Mon.,
Wed., Fri., 10 to 11; II, Mon., Wed., Fri., 11 to 12: Cabell Hall.
Mr. Brown.
2. Rhetoric: Shakespeare; Nineteenth Century Prose: Eighteenth
Century Literature: English Poetry: and the History of English
Literature. Course 1 prerequisite. This or the following course
required if English Literature is chosen as the elective from group
III. May be offered as an elective at large if courses 1 and 3, or
course 1 and English Language 1 are chosen as the elective from
group III. Tues., Thur., Sat., 9 to 10: Cabell Hall. Prof. Kent.

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3. Style; Description; Narration; Exposition; Argumentation; Oratory;
Poetics. Course 1 prerequisite. This or the preceding course
required if English Literature is chosen as the elective from group
III. May be offered as an elective at large if courses 1 and 2, or
course 1 and English Language 1 are chosen as the elective from
group III. Tues., Thur., Sat., 11 to 12: Cabell Hall. Prof. Kent.

English Language.

1. Anglo-Saxon Prose and Poetry: Chaucer, Spenser: History of
English Language and Literature from its beginning to the time of
Shakespeare. Course 1 in English Literature (or its equivalent)
prerequisite. Required if English Language is chosen as the elective
from group III. May be offered as an elective at large if English
Literature 1 and 2 (or 3) are chosen as the elective from group III.
Mon., Wed., Fri., 12 to 1: Cabell Hall. Prof. Harrison.

History.

1. General History. Entrance upon conditions stated upon page 140.
Required if History is chosen as the elective from group IV. May
be offered as an elective at large if Economics 1, Logic 1, Ethics 2,
Psychology 2, or Education 1 is chosen as the elective from group
IV. Mon., Wed., Fri., 9 to 10: Cabell Hall. Prof. Dabney.

Economics.

1. Principles of Economics. Required if Economics is chosen as the
elective from group IV. May be offered as an elective at large if
History of Logic 1, Ethics 2, Psychology 3, or Education 1 is
chosen as an elective from group IV. Tues., Thur., Sat., 9 to 10:
Cabell Hall. Prof. Page (T. W.).

Philosophy.

1. Deductive and Inductive Logic; Theory of Knowledge. Required if
Logic is chosen as the elective from group IV. May be offered as
an elective at large if History 1, Economics 1, Ethics 2, Psychology
3, or Education is chosen as the elective from group IV. Mon.,
Wed., Fri., 1 to 2: Rotunda, S. E. Prof. Lefevre.
2. Ethics. Required if Ethics is chosen as the elective from group IV.
May be offered as an elective at large if History 1, Economics 1,
Logic 1, Psychology 3, or Education 1 is chosen as the elective from
group IV. Mon., Wed., Fri., 11 to 12: Rotunda, S. E. Prof.
Lefevre.
3. General Psychology. Required if Psychology is chosen as the
elective from group IV. May be offered as an elective at large if
History 1, Economics 1, Logic 1, Ethics 2, or Education 1 is chosen
as the elective from group IV. Hours to be arranged: Rotunda,
S. E. Prof. Payne.

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Education.

1. Development of Educational Ideals. Required if Education is chosen
as the elective from group IV. May be offered as an elective at
large if History 1, Economics 1, Logic 1, Ethics 2, or Psychology 3
is chosen as the elective from group IV. Tues., Thur., Sat., 12 to 1:
Rotunda, S. W. Prof. Heck.
2. Sociological Phases of Education. May be offered as an elective at
large. Hours to be arranged: Rotunda, S. W. Prof. Heck.

Mathematics.

1. Solid Geometry: Trigonometry: Algebra. Entrance Examination
and examination for classification in Mathematics, prerequisite. Required
if either Mathematics, Astronomy, or Mechanics is chosen
as the elective from group V. In three sections: I, Mon., Wed.,
Fri., 9 to 10; II, Tues., Thur., Sat., 9 to 10; III, Tues., Thur.,
Sat., 10 to 11: Cabell Hall. Prof. Page.
2. Analytical Geometry: Differential and Integral Calculus. Course
1 prerequisite. Required if Mathematics is chosen as the elective
from group V. May be offered as an elective at large if Mathematics
1, Astronomy 1, or Mathematics 1, Mechanics 1 is chosen
as the elective from group V. In two sections: I, Mon., Wed.,
Fri., 11 to 12; II, Tues., Thur., Sat., 11 to 12: Cabell Hall.
Prof. Echols.

Astronomy.

1. General Astronomy. Mathematics 1 prerequisite. Required if Astronomy
is chosen as the elective from group V. May be offered
as an elective at large if Mathematics 1 and 2, or Mathematics 1,
Mechanics 1 is chosen as the elective from group V. Mon., Wed.,
Fri., 12 to 1: Cabell Hall. Prof. Stone.

Mechanics.

1. General Mechanics. Mathematics 1 prerequisite. Required if Mechanics
is chosen as the elective from group V. May be offered as
an elective at large if Mathematics 1 and 2, or Mathematics 1,
Astronomy 1 is chosen as the elective from group V. Tues., Thur.,
Sat., 10 to 11: Mechanical Laboratory. Prof. Thornton.

Physics.

1. Experimental Physics. Elementary Mechanics; Heat; Electricity;
Sound; and Light. Required if Physics is chosen as the elective
from group VI. May be offered as an elective at large if Chemistry
1 is chosen as the elective from group VI. Tues., Thur., Sat.,
11 to 12; laboratory hours by appointment: Rouss Laboratory.
Prof. Smith, Adj. Prof. Hoxton, and Mr. Butler.

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Chemistry.

1. General Chemistry. Required if Chemistry is chosen as the elective
from group VI. May be offered as an elective at large if Physics 1
is chosen as the elective from group VI. Mon., Wed., Fri., 11 to
12: Chemical Laboratory. Prof. Mallet.

Analytical Chemistry.

1. Chemical Manipulations: Blowpipe Analysis: Assaying: Qualitative
Analysis. Chemistry 1 prerequisite. May be offered as an
elective at large. Tues., Thur., Sat., 10 to 11; laboratory hours by
appointment: Chemical Laboratory. Prof. Dunnington.

Geology.

1. Principles of Geology. Required if Geology is chosen as the elective
from group VII. May be offered as an elective at large if Biology
1 is chosen as the elective from group VII. Mon., Wed., Fri., 9 to
10: Brooks Museum. Prof. Fontaine.

Biology.

1. General Biology: Structure and Life-history of representative
plants and animals. Required if Biology is chosen as the elective
from group VII. May be offered as an elective at large if Geology
1 is chosen as the elective from group VII. Given yearly. Tues.,
Thur., Sat., 12 to 1: Laboratory work in two sections: I, Mon.,
Wed., Fri., 9 to 11; II, Tues., Thur., Sat., 9 to 11: Cabell Hall.
Prof. Tuttle and Mr. Kepner.
2. Structural and Systematic Botany. Course 1 prerequisite. May be
offered as an elective at large. Given alternate years with Course 3.
Mon., Fri., 1 to 2: Laboratory work in two sections: I, Wed.,
Fri., 11 to 1; II, Thur., Sat., 11 to 1: Cabell Hall. Prof. Tuttle
and Mr. Kepner.
3. Invertebrate Zoölogy. Course 1 prerequisite. May be offered as
an elective at large. Given alternate years with Course 2. Mon.,
Fri., 1 to 2; Laboratory work in two sections: I, Wed., Fri., 11
to 1; II., Thur., Sat., 11 to 1: Cabell Hall. Prof. Tuttle and
Mr. Kepner.

Biblical History and Literature.

1. Old Testament History. May be offered as an elective at large.
Tues., Thur., Sat., 10 to 12: Madison Hall. Associate Prof.
Forrest.
2. History and Literature of the English Bible. May be offered as an
elective at large. Given alternate years with Course 1. Tues.,
Thur., Sat., 10 to 12, but time of either course offered may be
changed to suit the convenience of those electing it. Madison Hall.
Associate Prof. Forrest.

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EXAMINATIONS.

I. Intermediate Examinations.—In all the undergraduate courses
examinations are held at fixed periods in December and March: the dates
of these intermediate examinations are given in the schedule of lectures
and examinations upon the following page. All lectures in the College
courses are suspended during the periods in which these examinations are
held. The examinations begin in each case at 9 a. m., and are limited to
six hours.

II. Final Examinations.—In addition to the intermediate examinations,
final examinations are held for all college classes during the fortnight
immediately before the final week, lectures closing on the Saturday
preceding. The dates of these examinations are given in the schedule
which follows. They begin in each case at 9 a. m., and are limited to
eight hours.

III. Fall Examinations.—The regulations concerning Fall Examinations
in the College courses, granted for partially successful work, are
as follows:

A student who fails to pass on one of his courses, but attains a
grade of sixty-five per cent. (or more) on that course, may be admitted
to the regular Fall examination on the course at the beginning of the
following session. But the student who has attained the required grade,
and who desires to be admitted to the Fall examination, must apply in
writing to the Dean of the College for that privilege not later than
September 1.

The Fall examinations in the College shall be held (for 1907) between
the 9th and the 14th of September, inclusive. On and after September
4, the Dean of the College will furnish, to any one applying for it,
a copy of the schedule of dates of the Fall examinations.

Postponement of these examinations are permitted only under such
conditions as apply to the regular examinations, p. 92.

For the regulations concerning special examinations granted for
sickness or a like cause, see p. 92.

EXPENSES.

The necessary expenses at the University for a Virginia student in
the College may be estimated at from $160 a year upward, according to
the mode of living; for students from other States this minimum should
be increased by a sum ranging from $90 to $130 for University and
tuition fees. A fuller statement of expenses, including the conditions
under which Virginia or other students are entitled to free tuition, will
be found on pages 94-97.

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SCHEDULE OF LECTURES.

1907-1908.

With Dates of the Examinations.

Hours:	Mon. Wed. Fri.	Tues. Thur. Sat.	Hours:
9 to 9.55		Economics 1;	9 to 9.55
	Greek 1; French 1;	French 2;
	History 1; Geology 1;	Literature 2;
	Mathematics 1 (section I);	Mathematics 1 (section II);
	Biology 1 (lab. section I).
	Friday, Dec. 13	Biology 1 (lab. section II).
	Thursday, Mar. 19	Friday, Dec. 20
	Tuesday, June 2	Thursday, Mar. 26
		Tuesday, June 9
10 to 10.55	Latin 2 (section I);	Latin 2 (section II)	10 to 10.55
	Literature 1 (section I);	Mathematics 1 (section III);
	German 2;
	German 3 (Wed.); Education 2;	Analyt. Chemistry 1;
		Economics 2;
	Zoölogy 3;	Greek 2; Mechanics 1;
	Biology 1 (lab. section I).	Biology 1 (lab. section II).
	Thursday, Dec. 12	Tuesday, Dec. 17
	Wednesday, Mar. 18	Monday, Mar. 23
	Thursday, June 11	Friday, June 5
11 to 11.55	Spanish 2;	Greek 3; Education 1;	11 to 11.55
	General Chemistry 1;	Physics 1;
	Ethics;	Literature 3;
	Literature 1 (section II);	Mathematics 2 (section II);
	Mathematics 2 (section I);
	Botany or Zoölogy (lab. section I).	Botany or Zoölogy (lab. section II).
	Monday, Dec. 23	Wednesday, Dec. 18
	Saturday, Mar. 28	Tuesday, Mar. 24
	Monday, June 1	Saturday, June 6
12 to 12.55	Latin 1 (section I);		12 to 12.55
	Astronomy 1;	Latin 1; (section II);
	English Language 1;	Biology 1;
	Botany or Zoölogy (lab. section I);	Botany or Zoölogy (lab. section II).
	Thursday, Dec. 19	Saturday, Dec. 14
	Wednesday, Mar. 25	Friday, Mar. 20
	Monday, June 8	Wednesday, June 3
1 to 1.55	Logic 1; Botany 2;		1 to 1.55
	German 3 (Mon. & Fri.);	German 1;
	Spanish 1;	Latin 2 (section II).
	Saturday, Dec. 21	Monday, Dec. 16
	Friday, Mar. 27	Saturday, Mar. 21
	Wednesday, June 10	Thursday, June 4
3 to 4.30	Thursday, Dec. 19		3 to 4.30
	Wednesday, Mar. 25
	Monday, June 8

Where a change of hour is found necessary on account of conflicts, a corresponding
change in the dates of examinations is involved.

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THE DEPARTMENT OF GRADUATE STUDIES.

EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D. C. L., LL. D.,	President.
RICHARD HEATH DABNEY, M. A., Ph. D.,	Dean.

Required for Entrance upon the Work of the Department.—The
possession of a baccalaureate degree from a recognized institution of
collegiate rank: or, in the case of a graduate of an institution of such
rank that does not confer a baccalaureate degree, presentation of a certificate
of graduation in a course of study accepted by the Academic
Faculty as fully equivalent to that ordinarily required for the degree in
question. A candidate entering the University under these conditions will
be registered as a Graduate Student if he is pursuing one or more
graduate courses: he may, however, be permitted, or, if he is a candidate
for a degree who enters from another college, be required to take in addition
such strictly undergraduate courses as may be desirable or necessary
for his purpose.

To students in this Department who are not candidates for advanced
degrees the fullest freedom in the choice of their studies is granted:
and a minimum of restriction is placed upon the choice of a candidate
for an advanced degree.

I. Graduates in Schools.

Any student who successfully completes all the courses offered in
any Academic School is entitled to a diploma of graduation in that
School: but a student thus pursuing graduate studies will not be registered
as a member of this Department unless he has satisfied the conditions
above stated.

II. Masters of Arts.

The degree of Master of Arts of the University of Virginia will
be conferred upon a Bachelor of Arts who has completed the four M. A.
electives in the Academic Schools, chosen by himself and approved by
the Faculty. The course selected must in each case be submitted for
confirmation by the Faculty at least one scholastic year before the degree
is conferred. Each M. A. elective consists of a single course (involving,
where necessary, the completion of any course or courses prerequisite).

A brief summary of the courses open to candidates for the Master's
degree is given upon a following page, together with a schedule of the
hours of lectures and examinations: a description of each is given in its
proper connection in the portion of the catalogue, immediately following,
which treats of the work of the independent Academic Schools.

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The courses indicated are also, in the majority of cases, included
among the advanced courses that may be offered as electives at large for
the degree of Bachelor of Arts: credit can, of course, be obtained for
any such course in but one of these capacities by the same candidate;
work done for the lower degrees in Arts being in no case counted again
as part of the work required for the attainment of the higher degree.

The preliminary degree required of candidates for the degree of Master
of Arts may be that of this University or some other chartered institution
of learning. But in the latter case the degree shall be submitted for
approval to the Faculty, who may accept or reject the degree offered.

Bachelors of Arts of other colleges or universities may, in the discretion
of the Academic Faculty, be required to pursue such supplementary
undergraduate courses as may be necessary for the effective pursuit of
the M. A. courses elected. Such candidates for the Master's degree are
required to complete the B. A. electives in the four schools elected for the
degree, unless excused from this undergraduate work by the professors
in charge of these schools.

III. Doctors of Philosophy.

The degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Virginia
is offered to students who propose to devote their energies to special study
and research in some of the various departments of letters, or of science.
The candidate for this degree must hold the degree of Bachelor of Arts, or
other degree of like value, from this University or from some other college
or university of good standing, or must exhibit to the Academic Faculty,
by examination if necessary, satisfactory evidence of having a collegiate
education equivalent to that represented by the degree of Bachelor of Arts
of a college or university of good standing. If the applicant has received
his collegiate education at an institution other than this, the Academic
Faculty will pass, if necessary, upon the standing of the institution in
question.

The preparation of the candidate for entrance upon Ph. D. courses
in the particular subject selected shall be passed upon by the Academic
Faculty on the basis of a report from the professors in charge of the
Schools involved. These professors may satisfy themselves as to such
preparation by any test they see fit to apply, including a formal examination,
if they deem this necessary.

The work offered for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University
of Virginia shall in all cases embrace three cognate subjects;
namely, a major subject, a primary minor, and a secondary minor. The
three subjects must be chosen from at least two Schools. The candidate
shall in all cases submit his choice of, at least, his major subject to the
Academic Faculty for approval, before entering upon his work.

119

The instruction open to candidates for the Doctor's degree in each of
the Academic Schools is described in its proper connection in the portion
of the catalogue immediately following.

The minimum time limit set for the acquisition of the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy at this University, is three years' residence after
the B. A. degree has been conferred. The major subject shall be pursued
during the whole time, the primary minor during at least two years, and
the secondary minor during at least one year. No undergraduate work
can be counted for this degree.

Each candidate for the degree shall be required to show, by examination
if necessary, that he possesses a reading knowledge of French and
German; and such knowledge of other subjects considered fundamental
as may be prescribed by the individual Schools.

Graduate work done in other universities of high standing may be
accepted in lieu of resident work done here, provided sufficient evidence
is furnished that such work has been of a grade similar to that required
here, and has been satisfactorily performed.

It is also provided that a candidate who is a professor in charge of
the subject selected by him as major in a chartered college or university,
may be allowed by the Academic Faculty to spend only two years in
resident work at this University. The graduate work of the last year
of candidacy shall in all cases be done at this University, unless the
Academic Faculty shall for special reasons direct otherwise.

Upon the completion of the approved courses, the candidate shall
submit to the Academic Faculty a dissertation exhibiting independent
research in some branch of his major subject. The dissertation must be
submitted not later than April 15 of the year in which the candidate
applies for graduation. If approved, the dissertation must be printed
before the degree is conferred and two hundred copies deposited in the
Library of the University.

EXPENSES.

The necessary expenses at the University for a Virginia student in
the Department of Graduate Studies may be estimated at from $160 a
year upward, according to the mode of living; for students from other
States this minimum should be increased by a sum ranging from $90 to
$130 for tuition fees. A fuller statement of expenses, including the conditions
under which Virginia or other students are entitled to free tuition,
will be found on pp. 94-97.

Applicants for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy who are granted
the privilege of non-residence during a portion of their candidacy, under
conditions above stated, are required to matriculate and to pay the annual
University fee of $40 if not Virginians, and $10 if Virginians, during
such period of non-residence.

120

COURSES IN THE ACADEMIC SCHOOLS WHICH ARE OPEN TO
COLLEGE STUDENTS AS ELECTIVES FOR THE
SECOND DEGREE IN ARTS.

A brief summary is here presented of the courses open to election by
candidates for the Master's degree. A description of each of these courses
will be found in the statements of the Academic Schools upon subsequent
pages (109-114). Where an undergraduate course is stated to be prerequisite
to a graduate course, the latter may be taken parallel with the
former if, in the judgment of the professor concerned, the circumstances
justify such a privilege.

Latin.

4. History of the Latin Language and its Relation to Romanic tongues:
Tacitus, Cicero, Plautus, Terence, Horace, Lucretius: History of
Roman Literature. Course 2 or Course 3 (or the equivalent of
either) prerequisite. Mon., Wed., Fri., 11 to 12: Cabell Hall.
Prof. Fitz-Hugh.
5. History of Roman Metric Art: Tacitus, Pliny, Plautus, Terence,
Horace, Juvenal, Lucretius, Cicero: History of Roman Philosophy.
Course 2 or Course 3 (or the equivalent of either) prerequisite.
Tues., Thur., Sat., 11 to 12: Cabell Hall. Prof. Fitz-Hugh.

Greek.

4. Advanced Grammar and Composition: Advanced Prose, Lyric
Poetry, and Drama: Demosthenes; Thucydides, Æschylus, Sophocles,
Aristophanes. Meters. Course 3 prerequisite. Mon., Wed.,
Fri., 12 to 1: Cabell Hall. Prof. Humphreys.

German.

4. Modern Poetry, Goethe: The Modern German Novel: Middle High
German Poetry: German Drama: Historical German Grammar:
History of German Literature. Course 2 prerequisite. Tues., Thur.,
Sat., 10 to 11: Cabell Hall. Prof. Harrison, Adj. Prof. Faulkner
(absent on leave).

121

French.

3. Modern French Prose; tendencies of French fiction; France's place
in Civilization. Courses 1 and 2 prerequisite. Tues., Thur., Sat.,
11 to 12: Rotunda, S. W. Prof. Wilson.

Italian.

3. Italian Grammar: Nineteenth Century Literature: Dante; Petrarch;
Boccaccio: History of Latin Literature and of the Renaissance.
French 1 and 2 or Spanish 1 and 2 prerequisite. Tues., Thur., Sat.,
12 to 1: Rotunda, S. W. Prof. Wilson.
4. Old French: French 1 and 2, Spanish 1 and 2, and Italian 3 prerequisite.
Lectures conducted in French. Hours by appointment.
Prof. Wilson.

English Literature.

4. Colonial Literature in America: Eighteenth Century Prose and
Poetry; British Essayists of the Nineteenth Century; American
Poets and Poetry. Course 2 or 3 (or the equivalent of either)
prerequisite. Tues., Thur., Sat., 1 to 2: Cabell Hall. Prof. Kent.

English Language.

2. Advanced Anglo-Saxon and Middle English: Chaucer, Spenser,
Beowulf: History and Etymology of English: History of Early
English Literature. Course 1 prerequisite. Tues., Thur., Sat., 12
to 1: Cabell Hall. Prof. Harrison, Adj. Prof. Faulkner (absent
on leave), Adj. Prof. Setzler.

History.

2. English and American History. Course 1 prerequisite. Mon., Wed.,
Fri., 11 to 12: Cabell Hall. Prof. Dabney.

Economics.

2. Growth of American Industry and Commerce. Course 1 prerequisite.
Tues., Thur., Sat., 10 to 11: Cabell Hall. Prof. Page (T. W.).

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Philosophy.

4. History of Philosophy. Course 1, 2, or 3 prerequisite. Hours to
be arranged: Rotunda, S. E. Prof. Lefevre.
5. Social Psychology. Course 3 (or its equivalent) prerequisite.
Hours to be arranged: Rotunda, S. E. Prof. Payne.

Education.

3. Principles of Education. Course 1 or 2, or Philosophy 2 or 3,
prerequisite. Mon., Wed., Fri., 10 to 11: Rotunda, S. W. Prof.
Heck.

Mathematics.

3. Solid Analytical Geometry: Advanced Differential and Integral
Calculus: Ordinary Differential Equations: History of Mathematics.
Course 2 prerequisite. Tues., Thur., Sat., 10 to 11:
Cabell Hall. Prof. Echols.

Astronomy.

2. Celestial Mechanics. Mathematics 2 (or its equivalent) and Course
1 prerequisite. Tues., Thur., Sat., 12 to 1: Cabell Hall. Prof.
Stone.
3. Practical Astronomy. Mathematics 2 (or its equivalent) and Course
1 prerequisite. Hours will be announced: McCormick Observatory.
Prof. Stone.

Mechanics.

2. Analytical Mechanics. Course 1 prerequisite. Mon., Wed., Fri.,
12 to 1: Mechanical Laboratory. Prof. Thornton.

Physics.

2. Mathematical Physics. Mathematics 1 (or its equivalent) and
Physics 1 prerequisite. Mon., Wed., Fri., 10 to 11; laboratory hours
by appointment: Rouss Laboratory. Prof. Smith.

Chemistry.

2. Industrial Chemistry. Course 1 (or equivalent knowledge) prerequisite.
Mon., Wed., Fri., 3 to 4.30: Chemical Laboratory.
Prof. Mallet.

Analytical Chemistry.

2. Quantitative Analysis, Volumetric and Gravimetric. Course 1 prerequisite.
Mon., Wed., Fri., 10 to 11; laboratory hours by appointment:
Chemical Laboratory. Prof. Dunnington.

123

Geology.

2. Advanced Geology and Mineralogy. Course 1 prerequisite. Tues.,
Thur., Sat., 9 to 10: Brooks Museum. Prof. Fontaine.

Biology.

4. Histology and Cytology. Course 1 prerequisite. Given yearly.
Hours of lectures and laboratory work by appointment: Cabell Hall.
Prof. Tuttle and Mr. Kepner.

5. Plant Morphology. Course 2 prerequisite. Given alternate years
with Courses 2 and 6. Mon., Wed., Fri., 1 to 2: Cabell Hall. Prof.
Tuttle.

6. Animal Morphology. Courses 3 and 4 prerequisite. Given alternate
years with Courses 3 and 5. Mon., Wed., Fri., 9 to 10: Cabell Hall.
Prof. Tuttle.

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SCHEDULE OF LECTURES.

With Dates of the Examinations.

1907-1908.

Hours:	Mon. Wed. Fri.	Tues. Thur. Sat.	Hours:
9 to 9.55	Animal Morphology 6.	Geology 2; Latin 3.	9 to 9.55
	Friday, Dec. 13	Friday, Dec. 20
	Thursday, Mar. 19	Thursday, Mar. 26
	Tuesday, June 2	Tuesday, June 9
10 to 10.55	Education 3;		10 to 10.55
	History of Philosophy;
	Physics 2;	German 4.
	Analytical Chemistry 2.	Tuesday, Dec. 17
	Thursday, Dec. 12	Monday, Mar. 23
	Wednesday, Mar. 18	Friday, June 5
	Thursday, June 11
11 to 11.55	Latin 4;		11 to 11.55
	History 2;	Latin 5;
	Histology and Cytology 4.	French 3.
	Monday, Dec. 23	Wednesday, Dec. 18
	Saturday, Mar. 28	Tuesday, Mar. 24
	Monday, June 1	Saturday, June 6
12 to 12.55	Mathematics 3;		12 to 12.55
	Mechanics 2;	Astronomy 2; Italian 3;
	Greek 4.	English Language 2.
	Thursday, Dec. 19	Saturday, Dec. 14
	Wednesday, Mar. 25	Friday, Mar. 20
	Monday, June 8	Wednesday, June 3
1 to 1.55	Plant Morphology 5.	Literature 4;	1 to 1.55
	Saturday, Dec. 21	Monday, Dec. 16
	Friday, Mar. 27	Saturday, Mar. 21
	Wednesday, June 10	Thursday, June 4
3.30 to 5	Industrial Chemistry 2.		3.30 to 5
	Thursday, Dec. 19	Saturday, Dec. 21
	Wednesday, Mar. 25	Friday, Mar. 27
	Monday, June 8	Wednesday, June 10

Where a change of hour is found necessary on account of conflicts, a corresponding
change in the dates of examinations is involved.

125

THE ACADEMIC SCHOOLS.

EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D. C. L., LL. D.,	President.
JAMES MORRIS PAGE, M. A., Ph., D.	Dean

126

THOMAS FITZ-HUGH, M. A.,	Professor of Latin
MILTON WYLIE HUMPHREYS, M. A., Ph. D., LL. D.,
	Professor of Greek
JAMES ALBERT HARRISON, L. H. D., LL. D.,
	Professor of Teutonic Languages
RICHARD HENRY WILSON, M. A., Ph. D.,
	Professor of Romanic Languages
CHARLES WILLIAM KENT, M. A., Ph. D.,
	Professor of English Literature
RICHARD HEATH DABNEY, M. A., Ph. D.,	Professor of History
THOMAS WALKER PAGE, Ph. D., LL. D.,	Professor of Economics
NOAH KNOWLES DAVIS, M. A., Ph. D., LL. D.,
	Emeritus Professor of Moral Philosophy
ALBERT LEFEVRE, Ph. D., LL. D.,	Professor of Philosophy
BRUCE RYBURN PAYNE, M. A., Ph. D.,
Professor of Secondary Education, Psychology, and Logic
WILLIAM HARRY HECK, M. A.,	Professor of Education
WILLIAM HOLDING ECHOLS, B. S., C. E.,	Professor of Mathematics
JAMES MORRIS PAGE, M. A., Ph. D.,	Professor of Mathematics
WILLIAM MYNN THORNTON, LL. D.,
	Professor of Applied Mathematics
ORMOND STONE, M. A.,	Professor of Practical Astronomy
FRANCIS HENRY SMITH, M. A., LL. D.,
	Professor of Natural Philosophy
JOHN WILLIAM MALLET, Ph. D., M. D., LL. D., F. R. S.,
	Professor of Chemistry
FRANCIS PERRY DUNNINGTON, B. S., C. E.,
	Professor of Analytical Chemistry
WILLIAM MORRIS FONTAINE, M. A.,
	Professor of Natural History and Geology
ALBERT HENRY TUTTLE, M. S.,	Professor of Biology
WILLIAM MENTZEL FORREST, B. A.,
Associate Professor of Biblical History and Literature
[1] WILLIAM HARRISON FAULKNER, M. A., Ph. D.,
	Adjunct Professor of Teutonic Languages
LLEWELLYN GRIFFITH HOXTON, M. A., B. S.,
	Adjunct Professor of Physics
EDWIN BOINEST SETZLER, Ph. D.,
	Adjunct Professor of Teutonic Languages
WILLIAM ALLISON KEPNER, M. A.,	Instructor in Biology
JOHN THOMPSON BROWN, Jr., B. A., M. A.,
	Instructor in English Literature
EDWIN PRESTON DARGAN, Ph. D.,
	Instructor in Romanic Languages
ALBERT BUSH MANLY, E. M.,	Instructor in Chemistry
JOHN WALTER WAYLAND, B. A., M. A.,	Instructor in History
LEON RUTLEDGE WHIPPLE, B. A.,	Instructor in Journalism
ALBERT STUART BOLLING, B. A., M. A.,	Instructor in Latin
JOHN JENNINGS LUCK, B. A., M. A.,	Instructor in Mathematics
WILLIAM BEVERLEY STONE, B. A., M. A.,	Instructor in Mathematics
THOMAS McNIDER SIMPSON, B. A., M. A.,	Instructor in Mathematics
JAMES NEWTON MICHIE, B. A.,	Instructor in Mathematics
CHARLES POLLARD OLIVIER, B. A.,	Assistant in Astronomy
JAMES PORTER SMITH,	Assistant in Moral Philosophy and Assistant in Romanic Languages
WARREN JEFFERSON DAVIS, B. A.,	Assistant in English Literature
CARL HOLLIDAY, B. S., M. A.,	Assistant in English Literature
WELDON THOMAS MYERS, B. A.,	Assistant in Latin
WILLIAM WILSON STANLEY BUTLER,	Assistant in Physics
JAMES SUGARS McLEMORE,	Assistant in Latin
ALBERT FREDERICK WILSON,
	Student Assistant in English Literature
JOHN MOSBY CAMPBELL,	Student Assistant in Physics
UPTON SHARRETTS REICH,	Student Assistant in Physics
WALTER BARHAM JONES,	Student Assistant in Romanic Languages
JAMES COOK BARDIN,	Student Assistant in Romanic Languages

The Academic Schools comprise the Schools of Languages, Literature,
History, Economics, Philosophy, Education, Mathematics, Sciences, and
Biblical History. Each of these Schools offers one or more undergraduate
courses of instruction, comprising the work required of students who choose
an elective in the subject in question as one of the requisites for the degree
of Bachelor of Arts. These are followed in each School by graduate courses,
the completion of all of which, together with that of the undergraduate
course or courses preceding it, entitles the student to a diploma of graduation
in the School in question, as already stated on a preceding page. A
detailed account of the courses and equipment of the Schools is given;
the relation of these courses to the academic degrees of the University has
already been stated.

The professors and instructors in the Academic Schools compose the
Academic Faculty, which deals with questions related to the work of both
the College and the Department of Graduate Studies.

127

SCHOOL OF LATIN.

Professor Fitz-Hugh.	Mr. Myers.
Mr. Bolling.	Mr. McLemore.

Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination including the examination in Latin (p. 81).

Preparation.—The Latin work of the University finds its logical place
in the public school system as the continuation of the Latin work of the
High School. It presupposes accordingly four years of competent instruction
in Latin, involving the Roman pronunciation, habitual observance of
quantity and accent, regular drill in grammar and prose composition
through all preparatory years, elementary Reader, Nepos, Cæsar, Cicero's
easier Orations, and Vergil. If the preparation of the student justifies it
he will be admitted to advanced standing, with due credit for all work
done elsewhere by him.

Attention is further called to the importance of beginning Greek for
all who wish to reap the full cultural benefit of the University courses in
Latin. The study of at least one Romanic language also is very desirable.
The Greek illumines incomparably all parts of Latin study, which bears
in turn a like relation to the Romanic.

General Statement.—The first three years of University Latin are
devoted to the broad cultural study of the language, literature, and life
of the Romans. In the course of the instruction the effort is made to
exhibit as far as possible the relation of Roman civilization to the Greek,
on the one hand, and to Romanic and modern, on the other, and thus to
emphasize the unity and continuity of all human culture. The desirability
of a knowledge of Greek, and of at least one Romanic language, is
therefore especially commended to the student of Latin.

The work is organized in all years as follows:

A. In Language: Systematic study of Latin Grammar, with oral and
written exercises in prose composition. One hour a week.

B. In Literature: Reading of authors in culture-historical sequences.
Two hours a week.

C. In Life: Systematic study of Roman culture-history in English,
hand in hand with the study of the Latin authors.

Primarily for Undergraduates.

Course 1: Entrance Examination in Latin prerequisite.

A. In Language: General grammar (Hale-Buck), with oral and
written exercises (Moulton-Collar, Mather-Wheeler, Gildersleeve-Lodge).

B. In Literature: Historical, Sallust's Jugurthine War and Conspiracy
of Catiline—epic, Vergil's Æneid (Bks. VII-XII) and Ovid's Metamorphoses,
with study of the hexameter—philosophic, Cicero On Friend-

128

ship, Old Age, and Immortality (Tusculan Disputations and Somnium
Scipionis).

C. In Life: The geography, history, and private life of the Romans
(Tozer's Classical Geography and Kiepert's Atlas Anticus, Botsford's
Story of Rome, Johnston's Private Life of the Romans).

Course 2: Course 1 (or its equivalent) prerequisite.—Either Course
2 or Course 3 may be offered as the elective from group I, and the other
may be offered as an elective at large.

A. In Language: General Grammar (Gildersleeve-Lodge), with oral
and written exercises (Gildersleeve-Lodge, Nutting, Bennett).

B. In Literature: Historical, Livy's Early History of Rome (Bks.
I-II) and Tacitus' Germania—lyric and didactic, Catullus' Odes and
Vergil's Georgics, with study of the rhythms of lyric and didactic poetry
—rhetorical and philosophic, Cicero's De Oratore and Seneca's Moral
Essays.

C. In Life: The public life, religion, and mythology of the Romans
(Gow's Companion to School Classics, Fairbanks' Mythology of Greece
and Rome.)

Course 3: Course 1 (or its equivalent) prerequisite.—Either Course
2 or Course 3 may be offered as the elective from group I, and the other
may be offered as an elective at large.

A. In Language: General grammar (Gildersleeve-Lodge), with oral
and written exercises (Gildersleeve-Lodge, Nutting, Bennett).

B. In Literature: Historical, Livy's Hannibalic War (Bks. XXIXXII)
and Tacitus' Agricola—epic and lyric, Vergil's Æneid and Horace's
Odes, with study of the rhythms of epic and lyric verse—didactic and
critical, Quintilian's Training of the Orator and Tacitus' Dialogue on the
Orators.

C. In Life: The art life of the Romans (Tarbell's History of Greek
Art, Goodyear's Roman Art).

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Course 4: Course 2 or Course 3 (or the equivalent of either) prerequisite.

A. In Language: History of the Latin Language and its survival in
the Romanic tongues. Oral and written exercises (Gildersleeve-Lodge,
Peters: Bennett, Moore, Nettleship).

B. In Literature: Historical and epistolary, Tacitus' Annals and
Cicero's Letters—dramatic and satirical, Plautus' Captivi and Terence's
Andria, and Horace's Satires and Epistles, with study of the rhythms of
scenic and satiric verse—philosophic and critical, Lucretius' De Natura
Rerum and Cicero's De Claris Oratoribus.

129

C. In Life: The history of Roman literature (Mackail's Latin Literature
and Laing's Masterpieces of Latin Literature).

Course 5: Course 2 or Course 3 (or the equivalent of either) prerequisite.

A. In Language: History of Roman Metric Art. Oral and written
exercises (Gildersleeve-Lodge, Peters: Bennett, Moore, Nettleship).

B. In Literature: Historical and epistolary, Tacitus' Histories and
Pliny's Letters—dramatic and satirical, Plautus' Mostellaria and Terence's
Phormio, and Juvenal's Satires, with study of the rhythms of scenic and
satiric verse—philosophic, Lucretius' De Natura Rerum and Cicero's De
Natura Deorum.

C. In Life: The history of Roman philosophy (Mayor's History of
Ancient Philosophy from Thales to Cicero and Pater's Marius the Epicurean).

For Graduates Only.

Course 6: Course 4 or Course 5 prerequisite.—This course is intended
for those who desire to specialize in classical philology, and
especially for those who choose Latin as their major elective for the degree
of Doctor of Philosophy. Roman civilization is the link between the
Hellenic and the Romanic, and hence, Latin philology, which is the science
of Roman civilization, has vital points of contact with Greek philology
on the one hand, and with Romanic on the other. If the candidate's main
subject be Latin, a repectable familiarity with Greek is required, since
the language, literature, and higher culture of the Romans are saturated
with Greek influence. If the candidate's main subject be Romanic, the
Greek requirement is waived as far as practically possible, and he is
guided into the hitory of the Roman folkspeech, the common source of
the Romanic tongues, and into acqnaintance with the authors who illustrate
it in literature.

Plan of Work.—It is the aim of this course, as far as the teaching
force and the resources of the School permit, to prepare the candidate
to investigate independently the sources of our knowledge of the language,
monuments (literary and objective), and life of the Romans. The following
is therefore an outline of the course:

A. In Language: Elements of comparative grammar (Giles, supplemented
by Hirt and Sommer on Sounds and Inflections and by Brugmann
and Schmalz on Syntax)—introduction to Latin historical grammar
(Lindsay, supplemented by Landgraf)—systematic grammar (Kühner)
with stylistic exercises, oral and written, in conjunction with Cicero's
De Oratore—reading of authors illustrating the history of the Latin
language.

130

B. In the Literary and Objective Monuments of the Romans: Reading
of authors in groups systematically planned to illustrate the literary
life of the Romans—history and interpretation of texts—elements of palæography
(Johnston, supplemented by Thompson), epigraphy (Lindsay,
supplemented by Egbert and Cagnat), numismatics (Gnecchi, supplemented
by Hill), topography and remains (Platner, Mau, Strack, Furtwaengler).

C. In Roman Life: Constructive study of Roman culture-history—
reading of authors illustrating the development of Roman civilization—
study of modern authorities in Roman culture-history (Philippson, Nissen,
Mommsen, Marquardt-Mommsen, Preller-Jordan, Springer-Michaelis and
Winter, Schanz, Windelband).

Aids.—For the sake of first-hand access to important modern authorities
in Latin philology, the candidate is urged to acquire a good reading
knowledge of German, French, and Italian. Such a mastery of German
and French is imperative.

SCHOOL OF GREEK.

Professor Humphreys.

Dr. Sears.

Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination.

This school comprises the following courses:

Primarily for Undergraduates.

Course 1: A course for beginners. Text-books: Benner and Smyth's
Beginner's Greek Book; Xenophon's Anabasis. Young men who have the
opportunity are urged to prepare themselves for the next course (2) or
Course 3 before coming to the University.

Course 2: Course 1 prerequisite or the Entrance Examination in
Greek (or its equivalent).—A course of easy Attic Prose: Xenophon's
Memorabilia and Hellenica, Lysias, Goodwin's Grammar, Elementary
Exercises.

Course 3: Course 2 (or its equivalent) prerequisite.—A course of
Attic Prose and the Drama, Herodotus and Homer, Syntax, Exercises,
Literature, History, Meters, etc. The class will begin with Plato's
Apology and Crito.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Course 4: Course 3 prerequisite.—A more advanced course, including
portions of Demosthenes, Thucydides, Æschylus, Sophocles, Aristophanes,
Lyric Poets; also Meters, Syntax, and Exercises.

For Graduates Only.

Courses 5 and 6: Course 4 prerequisite.—Designed for those who
wish to devote themselves to classical scholarship, and especially for

131

those who choose Greek as their major elective for the degree of Doctor
of Philosophy. For admission to these courses, proficiency in Courses 2
and 3, or equivalent preparation, is required. The course 4 may be taken
as the first year Ph. D. course. At present the additional work consists
of four special courses, each comprising three hours per week during a
half session. The lectures will be employed chiefiy in directing the
private study of the students.

The four special courses offered at present are as follows:

I. A course of selected readings extending over the whole field of
Greek literature in the order of historical development. This course is
intended as a general survey.

II. A course in Attic Prose, especially the orators, directed partly
to questions of grammar, and partly to the artistic form and style.

III. A study of the Attic drama, including the special study in class
of the Œdipus Tyrannus of Sophocles and the Frogs of Aristophanes.

IV. A study of the Greek poets, with special reference to music,
rhythm, meter, and structure. The ancient doctrine of meter and rhythm
will be carefully examined, and portions of the Lyric poets, including
Pindar, read in class.

For all the classes of this School private reading is prescribed, and
the examinations will be partly upon this and the work done in class, and
partly upon passages selected from the Greek authors at will.

Text-Books.—Goodwin's Greek Grammar; Goodwin's Moods and Tenses;
Veitch's Verbs; Liddell and Scott's Lexicon (intermediate, and in Courses
II and III, unabridged edition); Morey's History of Greece; Fowler's Greek
Literature. Any editions of Greek authors may be used, except when particular
ones are specially prescribed; but students should always have at hand
Teubner's texts for reference, and for use on examinations. At present
Rhythm and Meters and some other subjects are taught wholly or partly by
lecture.

SCHOOL OF TEUTONIC LANGUAGES.

Professor Harrison.

Adj. Prof. Faulkner.[2]

Adj. Prof. Setzler.

Required for Admission to the Work of the School: In English;
the General Entrance Examination, and, in addition, preparation equivalent
to Course 1 in English Literature: in German; the General Entrance
Examination.

The subjects taught in this School are the English and German
languages (including Old and Middle English, Gothic, Old and Middle
High German).

132

I. English.

Primarily for Undergraduates.

Course 1: Course 1 in English Literature prerequisite.—Course 1 in
English is designed to lay a broad foundation for the intelligent study of
the language on both the historical (philological) and the literary side.
The opportunity is seized from the beginning to interest the student in
the history and etymology of current English words and phrases, to point
him by a general course of Anglo-Saxon (Old English) and Middle
English to the gradual evolution of Modern English as we have it now,
and to furnish him with ample material for the prosecution of further
study and research. A carefully graded series of texts and text-books
will lead the student from the language of Alfred through Chaucer and
the Elizabethans to the English of Victoria.

Text-Books.—First Term:—Sweet's Anglo-Saxon Primer; Bradley's The
Making of English.

Second Term:—Morris and Skeat's Chaucer's Prologue and Knightes Tale;
Baskervill and Harrison's Anglo-Saxon Reader (prose); Greenough and
Kittredge's Words and their Ways in English Speech; Lectures on Early
English Literature.

Third Term:—Baskervill and Harrison's Anglo-Saxon Reader (poetry);
Corson's Introduction to the Study of Shakspere; the Arden Hamlet;
Saunders' Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, Kitchin's Spenser's Faörle Queene, Book I.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Course 2: Course 1 prerequisite.—This course is a more specialized
form of Course 1 on the same general lines; a knowledge of Anglo-Saxon
is essential to its profitable prosecution. The historical study of
the language is pursued in greater detail; the student's attention is concentrated
on the history and origins of English; lectures on the Poetry
and Life of the Anglo-Saxons are given; Fourteenth Century English
receives detailed attention, and selected works of the Elizabethan period
will be examined and studied critically.

The effort will constantly be made to make these courses in the
English Language run parallel on the linguistic side with the courses in
English Literature, so that the two may profitably be taken together.

Text-Books.—First Term:—Sweet's or Bright's Anglo-Saxon Reader
(prose); Morris and Skeat's Specimens, II; Toller's Outlines. Parallel
Reading.

Second Term:—Skeat's Principles, I; The Student's Chaucer; Brooke's
History of Old English Literature; Professor's Lectures on Anglo-Saxon
Meters; Anglo-Saxon, continued (poetry). Parallel Reading.

Third Term:—Beowulf; Skeat's Principles, II; Chaucer's Canterbury
Tales (completed); Spenser's Faörie Queene; Brooke (completed); Lectures
on Anglo-Saxon Poetry.

In 1904-5 and 1905-6 this class discussed once a week in the English
Seminary, second term, written reports on points connected with Chaucer's
language, vocabulary, proverbs, learning, versification, etc. During the third
term Spenser formed the center of the Seminary work.

133

A piece of technical work, such as the construction of a vocabulary,
the examination of particular points in syntax or grammar, or the discussion
of a particular author, may be required of a student in this
course. Parallel reading is required.

For Graduates Only.

Course 3: Course 2 prerequisite.—A course in Anglo-Saxon Poetry.

Course 4: Course 2 prerequisite.—A course in Anglo-Saxon Prose.

Course 5: Course 2 prerequisite.—A course in Middle English Poetry.

Course 6: Course 2 prerequisite.—A course in Gothic.—(All of these
courses except Course 6 were given in 1906-7.)

Courses 3, 4, 5, and 6 are open to students who desire to specialize
in the subject of English, and especially to those who choose this subject
as their major elective for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. A general
statement only of their character can be given, each course being adapted
to the needs and preferences of the student. The foundations will be
laid in a thorough knowledge of Gothic, Old and Middle High German,
and Old French to the Sixteenth Century; phonetics will be carefully
studied; and the principles of comparative grammar and syntax will be
duly explained.

Frequent conference, stated examinations, and original research will
form essential parts of work in these courses.

The professor's large and choice collection of Anglo-Saxon, English,
German, and French philological works is open to the students.

II. German.

Primarily for Undergraduates.

Course 1: In this course the students begin with elementary grammar,
reading, and composition. About six hundred pages of German prose
are translated, and thirty pages of German in the form of weekly exercises
are written. One hour a week is given to conversation.

Text-Books.—First Term:—Bierwirth's Beginning German; Müller and
Wenckebach's Glück Auf.

Second Term:—Sealsfield's Die Prärie am Jacinto.

Third Term:—Das Mädchen von Treppi; Das Wirtshaus zu Cransac;
Gerstäcker's Irrfahrten; Baring-Gould's Story of Germany.

Course 2: Course 1 (or its equivalent) prerequisite.—Course 2 in
German is, like the corresponding course in English, designed to lay a
broad foundation for the intelligent study of the language on both the
philological and the literary side. A carefully selected series of text-books
will gradually introduce the student to the pronunciation, grammar, syntax,
and translation of the language; exercises once a week in German
script will familiarize him with grammatical analysis; and appropriate

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texts on the history and literature of Germany will introduce him to these
important sides of the study. Parallel reading is required.

Text-Books.—First Term:—Bierwirth's Elements of German; Stern's
Geschichten von Deutschen Städten; Von Klenze's Deutsche Gedichte;
Moore's or Hosmer's Short History of German Literature; Kron's German Daily
Life.

Second Term:—Hauff's Lichtenstein; Werner's Heimatklang; Goethe's Die
Neue Melusine; Zschokke's Der Tote Gast.

Third Term:—Goethe's Hermann and Dorothea; Schiller's Jungfrau von
Orleans and Maria Stuart; Freytag's Die Journalisten.

Course 3: Scientific German: Course 1 prerequisite.—Students
taking this course will, during the first term, take the work of Course 2,
outlined above, and will then read Gore's Dippoldt's, or Brandt's Scientific
German Reader (at least two of these).

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Course 4: Course 2 prerequisite.—This course is a more specialized
continuation of Course 2 in German, on the same general lines. The
historical study of German is taken up; the masterpieces of German
literature are systematically studied in critical annotated texts; exercises
continue throughout the year; and the literature and life of Germany are
studied in some detail. Parallel reading is required, and one hour a week
is given to conversation.

Text-Books.—First Term:—Whitney's Compendious German Grammar;
Behaghel's Historical Grammar; Stein's Exercises; Goethe's Meisterwerke
(Bernhardt's); Lodemann's Germany and the Germans; Francke's Social
Forces in German Literature.

Second Term:—Whitney, Stein, Francke and Behaghel, continued;
Wenckebach's Meisterwerke des Mittelalters; Scheffel's Ekkehard; Freytag's
Soll und Haben.

Third Term:—Annotated Editions of Lessing, Goethe, Heine, Grillparzer,
Kleist.

For Graduates Only.

Course 5: Courses 2 and 4 prerequisite.—A course in the Middle
High German Epic.

Course 6: Courses 2 and 4 prerequisite.—A course in German Prose
of the Eighteenth Century.

Course 7: Courses 2 and 4 prerequisite.—A course in Old High
German.

Course 8: Courses 2 and 4 prerequisite.—A course in Gothic.

(Courses 1-6 were given in 1906-7.)

Courses 5, 6, 7, and 8 are open to students who desire to specialize
in the subject of German, and especially to those who choose this subject
as their major elective for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. German
and English combine admirably for the doctorate as "major" and "primary
minor," either from the German or from the English point of view.

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Conference with the Professor is requested for the purpose of arranging
the student's studies. If German is elected, Gothic, systematically studied
through Wright's Primer, Bernhardt's Gotische Bibel, and Skeat, is the
foundation. Behaghel's Heliand (Saxon) may well follow this. A course
in Old and Middle High German, studied in the works and editions of
Braune, Wright, Sievers, Erdmann, and Henry, connects the Gothic and
modern High German, and gives ample philological as well as literary
training to the German specialist.

Conversation Clubs.—An opportunity for practice in German conversation
is given to students who desire it in the conversation clubs
connected with the work of the school. These clubs are open to all
students of German in the University, and meet, under the direction of
the adjunct professor, one hour a week each. Attendance is voluntary,
and membership in each club is limited to twelve.

[2]

Absent on leave.

SCHOOL OF ROMANIC LANGUAGES.

Professor Wilson.	Mr. Bardin.
Dr. Dargan.	Mr. Smith.
	Mr. Jones.

Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination, including French.

French, Old French, Spanish, and Italian are taught in this School.
There are three courses in French, two courses in Spanish, one course in
Italian, and one course in Old French.

The requirements for the B. A. elective in group II, as restricted to
Romanic Languages, may be satisfied by a student completing the two
French courses or by his completing the two Spanish courses, according
as he shall choose. Either French or Italian may be offered for the M. A.
degree. The course in Old French is technical and is intended to complement
the doctorate work done at this University in English and German
Literature.

French.

Primarily for Undergraduates.

Course 1: The Entrance Examination on French is prerequisite.—
Elementary grammar is reviewed; the irregular verb is considered at
length; intermediary texts are read; stress is laid upon pronunciation;
exercises in Dictation and in Composition occupy one-third of the time
throughout the year. Books, first term: Fraser and Squair's Grammar;
Mérimée, Colomba. Dr. Dargan.

Course 2: Course 1 prerequisite, or its equivalent.—The novel,
drama, and lyric of the Nineteenth Century are touched upon; the subjunctive

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mood is studied; oral exercises are used; the history of French
Literature is examined. Books, first term: Gasc's Dictionary; Fraser
and Squair's Grammar; Saintsbury's History of French Literature;
Dumas, Monte-Cristo; Dumas fils, La Question d' Argent. Prof. Wilson.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Course 3: Courses 1 and 2 prerequisite.—Forty lectures are devoted
to the interpretation of Modern French prose; twenty lectures, to defining
the tendencies of Modern French fiction; and forty lectures, to an appreciation
of France's place in civilization. Books, first term: Nodier,
Contes; Hugo, Notre-Dame de Paris; Laird, Indiana; Pellissier, Le mouvement
littéraire au XIXe Siécle; Foncin, Le Pays de France. Prof.
Wilson, Dr. Dargan.

Spanish.

Primarily for Undergraduates.

Course 1: This is a beginner's course, offered to those students who
desire to undertake the study of the language, either from a cultural or
a practical standpoint. A survey of the main feature of the grammar,
composition, and the reading of modern texts constitute the course.
Dictation and other oral exercises will further the student's knowledge
of colloquial Spanish. Text-books, first term: Hill's and Ford's Grammar;
Carriòn and Vital, Zaragüeta. Dr. Dargan.

Course 2: Course 1 (or its equivalent) prerequisite.—The lyric,
drama, and novel of modern Spain are read and discussed. The grammar
in use will be completed, and the verb will be made the subject of special
study. Composition and dictation will occupy one-third of the time. The
conversational method will be employed, as far as practicable. The
history of Spanish Literature will be studied. Text-books, first term:
Hills' and Ford's Grammar; Appleton's Dictionary; Tamayo y Ban,
Un Drama Nuevo; Valera, El Comendador Mendoza. Dr. Dargan.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Italian.

Course 3: French 1 and 2 or Spanish 1 and 2 prerequisite.—One
course is offered, for which no previous knowledge of Italian is required.
Students are advanced rapidly through an elementary grammar, and then
through a series of graded texts to the point where Modern Italian is
read with ease. Several of the more important monuments of the Nineteenth
Century are read and discussed; after which the attention of the
class is directed to Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio. The history of Italian
Literature is studied, and also that of the Renaissance. Text-books, first
term: Grandgent's Grammar; Millhouse's Dictionary; Amicis, Alberto;
Barrili, Una Notte Bizzarra. Prof. Wilson.

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Old French.

For Graduates Only.

Course 4: This course is intended to complement the doctorate work
done at this University in English and German Literature and at the same
time constitute a basis of advanced instruction for men aspiring to
Romance scholarship. The course is open to students who have completed
the French, Spanish, and Italian courses at this University, or the
equivalent elsewhere.

Lectures and class-work incident to the course are conducted in
French. Important monuments of Old French are translated into the
modern idiom, and the syntax and literary tendencies of different periods
are contrasted. Prof. Wilson.

LINDEN KENT MEMORIAL
SCHOOL OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.

Professor Kent.
Mr. Brown.	Mr. Johnson.
Mr. Davis.	Mr. Whipple.
Mr. Holliday.	Mr. Wilson.

Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The Classification
Examination will admit to Course 1. This examination requires
a knowledge of the principles of English grammar, elementary rhetoric
and composition; the history of English and American literature, and
specimens of literature critically studied under the guidance of a competent
instructor. The presentation of an approved certificate covering these
requirements will exempt the candidate from examination.

Primarily for Undergraduates.

Course 1: The Entrance Examination (or its equivalent) prerequisite.—This
course is designed to meet the needs of students preparing
directly for professional studies and of others whose training is inadequate
for Course 2.

I. Composition and Rhetoric, with special reference to the structure
of sentences and paragraphs, composition of letters, business papers, etc.,
and practice in the forms of discourse. Text-books: Lamont's Rhetoric;
Carpenter's Model English Prose.

II. History of American Literature. This course is based upon the
text-book, but the text will be amplified and explained by comment and
discussion. Text-book: Abernethy's American Literature; Assigned Readings.
Or History of English Literature. Text-book: Halleck's History
of English Literature; Assigned Reading.

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III. The Study of Poetry. This course is restricted to a study of
common verse forms, with chronological exhibition of their uses. Textbooks:
Lewis's Principles of English Verse: and Instructor's Notes.

Frequent exercises on the black-board and in writing will be required,
and parallel reading to the amount of three hundred pages each term will
be assigned.

Course 2: Course 1 (or its equivalent) prerequisite.

I. Review of Rhetoric; and Nineteenth Century Prose. Text-books:
To be assigned.

II. Shakespeare: A brief study of his Life and Times, with special
study of four plays. Text-book: Jenks, In the Days of Shakespeare:
Richard III: As You Like It: Macbeth: and The Tempest. (Arden
Series.)

III. Eighteenth Century Prose.

IV. English Poetry, with review and practice of poetic forms. Textbooks:
Gayley and Young's Principles and Progress of English Poetry:
and Professor's Notes on Poetics.

V. General Review of English Literature. Text-book: Moody and
Lovett's English Literature.

About twelve hundred pages of parallel reading will be assigned
during the session. There will be about twenty written exercises, and
three required essays on literary topics.

Course 3: Course 1 (or its equivalent) prerequisite.—Either course
2 or Course 3 may be offered as the elective from group III, and the other
may be offered as an elective at large.

I. Literary Style. This covers Diction, Sentence, and Paragraph,
with a general discussion of the art of composition. Text-books: Genung's
Working Principles of Rhetoric; Genung's Handbook of Rhetorical Analysis.

II. Description, with specimens of descriptive writing in prose and
poetry. Text-books: Genung's Rhetoric, with Selected Specimens.

III. Narration, with special study of the Short Story and the History
of Fiction. Text-books: Genung's Rhetoric; Specimens of American Short
Story.

IV. Exposition, with special study of literary criticism. Genung's
Rhetoric, Winchester's Literary Criticism.

V. Argumentation, with special study of Debate. Genung's Rhetoric,
Baker's Principles of Argumentation (1904).

VI. Oratory and Forms of Spoken Discourse. Genung's Rhetoric,
Robinson's Forensic Oratory.

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VII. Poetry, with discussion of Versification, Types of Poetry, Chronological
Use of Certain Forms, etc. Text-books: Professor's Notes: and
Page's Nineteenth Century Poetry.

About nine hundred pages of parallel reading will be assigned for the
session, and about thirty written exercises. Three essays, one each term,
will be required.

Course 3a: Course 1 (or its equivalent) prerequisite.—This course
may be offered as an elective at large.

Journalism.

Theory and Practice of Journalism. This course aims to give the
student such instruction and practice in journalism as can be given outside
of a newspaper office. Emphasis will be laid on the practical work of
writing. The work will be conducted by the study of texts: class discussions;
and daily practice in writing, either within or without the class
room. The course will cover the general news story; types of journalistic
work; the organization of a paper; the historical and social aspects of
journalism; and the analysis of standard dailies. The text-books will be
assigned.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Course 4: Course 2 or 3 (or the equivalent) prerequisite.—This
equivalent means that the student must have completed in some recognized
college, and with a grade of not less than 75 per cent., a course in advanced
Rhetoric, Poetics, History of English and American Literature, and a
reasonably wide course in reading. In this course there are occasional
lectures, but in general the class exercises will consist of conferences and
discussions. Independent investigation will be insisted upon, with reports,
either written or oral, from time to time. Much outside reading is necessary.
Besides these written exercises and reports, three essays are
required, one each term, which must show original research and independent
conclusions. The themes of these essays may be assigned, or
selected with the Professor's approval. Subjects to be studied in this
course for 1907-1908 are:

I. Colonial Literature in America.

II. The Romantic Movements of the Eighteenth Century.

III. The Nineteenth Century Essayists and Their Literary Style.

For Graduates Only.

A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy may select
English Literature for his secondary minor, his primary minor, or his
major subject. For 1907-1908 the courses are as follows:

Course 5; or secondary minor: This is the same as Course 4 with
such supplementary work, both in reading or writing, as may be required.

140

Course 6; or primary minor: The candidates, who must have completed
satisfactorily Course 5, will pursue the following courses: 1. Letter
Writers from Sir Thomas More to Stevenson; 2. Browning and his
Poetry; 3. The Drama in England since 1740; or any three of the
following courses the Professor may deem advisable, with such supplementary
reading and writing as may be prescribed:

History of Lyric Poetry.

British Essayists from Bacon to Burke.

British Essayists of the Nineteenth Century.

Literary Tendencies in the Nineteenth Century.

Victorian Poetry.

American Poets and Poetry.

Shakespeare as a Dramatic Artist.

Milton and his Times.

Tennyson and the Nineteenth Century.

Myths and Traditions in English Poetry.

Dr. Johnson and his Times.

Course 7; or major: The candidate who has completed satisfactorily
the work mapped out for the secondary minor, and the primary minor,
will select, with the Professor's approval, a subject for his dissertation,
and will then proceed to the careful investigation of his subject, and the
preparation of his thesis. Collateral reading will be prescribed and required.
A written record of all the reading done throughout these three
years will be preserved, and, with the examination and thesis, will constitute
the test of the whole Ph. D. course.

CORCORAN SCHOOL OF HISTORY.

Professor Dabney.

Mr. Wayland.

Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination, and an examination for classification in History,
covering the first three hundred and eighty-six pages of West's Ancient
History. The latter examination may be waived if the applicant (a) is
twenty years of age at the beginning of the academic year; or (b) has
already passed in at least two full courses in other subjects at this
University; or (c) can convince the Professor either by a certificate from
a reputable school or college, or otherwise, that his historical knowledge
and mental discipline are adequate. The following courses are offered:

Primarily for Undergraduates.

Course 1: General History.—In this course great stress is laid upon
the unity and continuity of History, although special attention is given

141

to those events and periods that have markedly determined the course of
historical evolution.

Text-Books.—Capes' Age of the Antonines; Thatcher's and Schwill's
Europe in the Middle Age; Thatcher's and McNeal's Source Book for Mediæval
History; Myers's The Modern Age; Seebohm's Era of the Protestant Revolution;
Gardiner's Thirty Years' War; Longman's Frederick the Great and
the Seven Years' War; Dabney's Causes of the French Revolution; Morris's
French Revolution and First Empire.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Course 2: English and American History: Course 1 prerequisite.
—In this higher course the principles taught in the course preceding will
be applied to a more special field; and, in order that the students may
be encouraged to exercise independent thought and judgment, they will
be required to write essays or make reports on particular topics.

Text-Books.—Oman's History of England; Lee's Source Book of English
History; Gardiner's Atlas of English History; Lecky's American Revolution
(edited by Woodburn); Walker's Making of the Nation; Burgess's Middle
Period; Powell's Nullification and Secession in the United States; Dodge's
Bird's-Eye View of our Civil War; Curry's Southern States of the American
Union; Hart's Epoch Maps Illustrating American History.

For Graduates Only.

Course 3: Courses 1 and 2 prerequisite, or their equivalent.—Intellectual,
Moral, Religious, and Social Development of Europe.—The course
will begin with a study of the principles of historical method based upon
the "Introduction to the Study of History" by Langlois and Seignobos; and
these principles will then be applied to the critical examination of a number
of works by such authors as Buckle, Lecky, Draper, Guizot, Andrew D.
White, Bryce, and others. Required, together with Courses 1 and 2, of
students selecting History as primary minor subject for the Ph. D. degree.
Offered for 1907-'08.

Course 4: Courses 1 and 2 prerequisite, or their equivalent.—History
of the Reconstruction of the Southern States. Required, together with
Courses 1, 2, and 3, of students selecting History as major subject for
the Ph. D. degree, or, together with Courses 1 and 2, of those selecting it
as primary minor. Not offered in 1907-'08.

SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS.

Professor Page (Thomas Walker.)

Mr.—

Students are advised not to take the work in Economics before their
second year in college.

142

Primarily for Undergraduates.

Course 1: The Principles of Economics.—A survey of the principles
of economics in the first and second terms is followed in the third term
by a study of the bearing of these principles upon present American
conditions. Instruction will be given by lectures, assigned readings, reports,
and discussions.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Course 2: The Growth of American Industry and Commerce.—This
course attempts to show how American experience illustrates economic
principles, and how American social and political development has been
influenced by economic conditions. The work is mainly topical, and the
topics receiving chief emphasis vary from year to year.

For Graduates Only.

Course 3: A Course of Research.—In this course competent students
are guided in the intensive and methodical investigation of selected topics
and the results are presented for discussion.

CORCORAN SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY.

Professor Lefevre.

Professor Payne.

Mr. Smith.

Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination or its equivalent. Students are advised not to
undertake the work of this School before their second session in the College.

Primarily for Undergraduates.

Course 1: Deductive and Inductive Logic; Theory of Knowledge.—
During the first and second terms, the class will be engaged with a study
of the science of logic. The lectures will deal in an introductory manner
with the general character of the thinking process, its laws of development,
and the methods by which thought actually proceeds to solve the
problems presented to it. Special attention will be directed to the analysis
of logical arguments and to the detection of fallacies in reasoning.
The third term will be devoted to a study and critical exposition of
different Theories of Knowledge. Prof. Lefevre.

Text-Books.—Creighton's Introductory Logic; other books to be announced.

Course 2: Ethics.—M. W. F., 11-12. Rotunda, S. E. The aim of this
course is (1) to trace in broad outline the history of actual moral practices
and ideals among mankind in primitive, ancient, and modern times; and
(2) to bring out the distinctive features of moral action and to secure an
insight into the leading principles underlying it. Some of the more important
systems of ethics will be studied for the purpose of gaining an

143

appreciation of the general development and different types of theories of
morality. The entire course will be directed with a view to aiding the
student in reaching a constructive result. Prof. Lefevre.

Text-Books.—James Seth's Study of Ethical Principles; other books to
be announced.

Course 3: General Psychology.—This course is intended to give a
general survey of the main problems, principles and method of Psychology,
either as a part of a liberal education, or as a preparation for professional
study. Prof. Payne.

Text-Books.—Thorndike's Elements of Psychology; Witmer's Analytical
Psychology; McDougall's Physiological Psychology; parallel texts to be announced.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Course 4: The History of Philosophy.—Course 1 or 2 or 3 prerequisite.
M. W. F., 10-11. Rotunda, S. E. This course is intended primarily
for those who wish to know something of the history of thought and
the influence which philosophical ideas have exerted in the development
of civilization. The lectures will give a general account of philosophical
speculation from its beginnings among the Greeks to the present time.
The endeavor will be made to present the various philosophical systems
in their relation to the science and general civilization of the ages to which
they belong, and to estimate their social and political significance. A
large part of the year will be devoted to the theories and problems of
modern times. Reading of texts and commentaries, lectures, discussions,
and essays. Prof. Lefevre.

Course 5: Social Psychology.—(Open to students who have taken
Course 3 or its equivalent.) Hours to be arranged. Rotunda, S. E. In
this course, general psychological principles will be applied to the study
of the social relations of the self and the influences which determine feeling
and action in the individual as a member of the group. The attempt
is made to approach social facts from the mental side. The study of social
consciousness, as involved in the genesis and growth of social institutions;
the psychology of education; the psychology of religion; the psychology of
adolescence; and the evolution of social consciousness, will engage the
attention in this course. Prof. Payne. Reading of texts, lectures, discussions,
and reports.

Text-Books.—To be announced.

Primarily for Graduates.

Course 6: (Open to students who have taken or are taking Course 4.)
Empiricism and Rationalism. The empirical movement as represented by
Locke, Hume, and Mill, and the rationalistic movement as represented

144

especially by Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz, will be studied with reference
to their distinctive methods. Reading of texts and commentaries, lectures,
discussions, and essays. Prof. Lefevre.

For Graduates Only.

Course 7:—(Open to students who have taken or are taking Course 4.)
The Critical Philosophy of Kant. The greater part of the year will be
devoted to the careful study of the Critique of Pure Reason and the
Critique of Practical Reason. Collateral reading of standard commentaries
and of selected recent literature on the subject will be required. Special
attention will be given to Kant's relation to previous philosophical systems,
to the development of his own philosophy, and to the interrelation
of his three Critiques. Reading of texts, lecture, discussions, and reports.
Prof. Lefevre.

Further advanced work in Philosophy will be arranged in accordance
with the needs of individual students.

[Courses 6 and 7 will be given in alternate years.]

CURRY MEMORIAL SCHOOL OF EDUCATION.

Professor Heck.

Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination or its equivalent. Students who have not had the
equivalent of the first year's work of the College are advised not to undertake
the work of the School.

Primarily for Undergraduates.

Course 1: Development of Educational Ideals.—Studied as phases of
social evolution. Special attention is given to the systems of education
in ancient India, Egypt and China; in Greece and Rome; in Europe
during the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and the Reformation; in
modern Germany, France, England, and America. These systems are
analysed as revealing epochal and national ideals, the writings of individuals
being studied for their contribution to, and interpretation of,
these systems. Histories and original sources are used as texts, supplemented
by parallel reading.

Course 2: Sociological Phases of Education.—A study of society in
its relation to individual development. Attention is given to the evolution
of family life, the increasing value of childhood, the educational demands
of political, industrial, and religious systems, the growth of ethical ideals
and scientific knowledge. A special study is made of social control and
of individual opportunity in their influence upon development. Texts and
parallel reading.

145

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Course 3: Principles of Education.—A summary of present educational
theory and practice. After an introductory consideration of the
method and material of educational study, the aim of education is defined
and illustrated at length. Theories of organic evolution are outlined and
discussed in their influence upon theories of education. The second and
third terms are devoted to a study of physical education and school hygiene,
educational psychology, curricula, general method, and special methods in
secondary schools. The texts are supplemented by parallel reading.

Course 4: School Administration.—A seminar study of national, state,
and city school systems; public finance and education; school buildings
and equipment; the supervision and employment of teachers; the relation
between school, home, and society. The educational systems and policies
of the Southern States are considered in detail. Texts are read rapidly,
the main emphasis being put upon parallel reading and original investigation.

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS.

Professor Echols.	Mr. Luck.
Professor Page.	Mr. Simpson.
Mr. Stone.	Mr. Michie.

Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination, and in addition an examination for classification:
the latter covers algebra through quadratics and the whole of Plane
Geometry.

In this School as at present organized there are seven courses.

Primarily for Undergraduates.

Course 1: The examination for classification prerequisite. This class
meets three times a week, and devotes about three months to each of the
three subjects, Geometry, Trigonometry, and Algebra.

In Geometry the work begins with the solution of numerous original
exercises in Plane Geometry, and proceeds through Solid Geometry with
constant drill in original exercises.

In Trigonometry, a complete course in Plane and Spherical Trigonometry
is pursued with constant drill in the solution of problems and
exercises in the use of logarithms.

In Algebra, the work begins with the Progressions and proceeds with
the study of the Binomial Formula, Convergence and Divergence of Series,
with special study of the Binomial, Exponential, and Logarithmic Series.
The study of Inequalities and Determinants prepares for the Theory of
Equations with which the course is closed.

In addition to the regular examinations held during the session, there
will be held a special examination on the work of Course 1 on the first day

146

of each session, to which any student registered in the School of Mathematics
will be admitted. To a student successfully passing this examination
will be given a certificate of proficiency in the work required in
Course 1. Prof. Page.

Text-Books.—Venable, Legendre's Geometry, with Exercises; Loney, Trigonometry,
Part I; Murray, Spherical Trigonometry; Charles Smith, Treatise
on Algebra.

Course 2: Course 1 prerequisite.—The class devotes three months to
Analytical Geometry and six months to the Differential and Integral
Calculus.

In Analytical Geometry, the Cartesian method of representing a function
by points, lines, and surfaces is considered, and a special study of the
conic sections is made. In three dimensions, as far as the time permits,
the straight line, the plane and the conicoids are introduced and discussed.

In the Calculus a careful study of the functions of one variable is
made, and is followed by the study of functions of two and three variables
as far as the time allows.

In this class both the educational and the practical value of the topics
considered, as well as their importance with regard to all further work
in mathematics, are clearly brought to view. Constant drill at the board
and frequent examination and repetition of principles are insisted on.
Prof. Echols.

Text-Books.—Charles Smith, Conic Sections; Notes on Analytical Geometry
of Three Dimensions; Echols, Differential and Integral Calculus.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Course 3: Course 2 prerequisite.—This course begins with the study
of Analytical Geometry of Three Dimensions. The Differential and
Integral Calculus is taken up, at the point left off in Course 2, and is
systematically studied along broad lines. A course of parallel reading on
the History of Mathematics is assigned and an examination held in this
subject. The course closes with the study of Ordinary Differential Equations.
Prof. Echols.

Text-Books.—Charles Smith, Solid Geometry; Echols, Differential and
Integral Calculus; Williamson, Differential Calculus; Williamson, Integral
Calculus; Murray, Differential Equations; Cajori, History of Mathematics.

For Graduates Only.

The candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, who chooses
Mathematics for his major subject, is required to complete the work of
the four following courses, as well as that of Course 3, and to present a
thesis which shall be acceptable to the Faculty.

147

Course 4: A Course in Geometry: Course 3 prerequisite.—In this
is offered a preparatory course in Descriptive Geometry, which is followed
by courses in Projective and Kinematical Geometry.

A study is made of the foundations on which Geometry is based after
the methods of Hilbert, Lobatschewsky, Riemann, etc. Prof. Echols.

Course 5: A Course in Differential Geometry: Course 3 prerequisite.—In
this the year will be devoted to a course in the Applications
of the Differential and Integral Calculus to Geometry, with special reference
to the theory of the General Space Curve, the Surface, and the Surface
Curve. Prof. Page.

Course 6: A Course in Differential Equations: Course 3 prerequisite.—In
this there will be presented a course in Ordinary and Partial
Differential Equations. In the discussion of the Ordinary Differential
Equation, particular attention is paid to the theory of integration of such
equations as admit of a known Transformation Group, and the classic
methods of integration are compared with those which flow from the
Theory of Transformation Groups. A similar method is adopted in the
study of the Simultaneous System, with its equivalent Linear Partial
Differential Equation of the First Order. As far as the time admits, the
theories of integration of the Complete System, as well as those of the
General Partial Differential Equation of the First and Second Orders,
will be discussed. Prof. Page.

Course 7: A Course in the Theory of Functions: Course 3 prerequisite.—In
this class is offered to advanced students a course in Mathematical
Analysis. The treatment of the subject is arranged under three
heads, as follows:

The design of the numbers of analysis and the laws of the operations
to which they are subject are studied after the methods of Dedekind and
Tannery, Cantor and Weierstrass, as introductory to the study of functions.

The study of the Theory of Functions of a Real Variable, including
series, products, and continued fractions, the Calculus of Finite Differences
and of Variations, lead up to the need of the complex variable.

The General Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable is studied
after the methods of Cauchy, Riemann, and Weierstrass.

A special study is made of the series of Taylor and of Fourier.
Prof. Echols.

The work in Courses 4, 5, 6, and 7 is carried on by means of lectures,
notes, and the systematic reading of the standard authors in texts and in
journals.

148

SCHOOL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS.

Professor Thornton.

Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination, and Course 1 in the School of Mathematics or
its equivalent.

Primarily for Undergraduates.

Course 1: General Mechanics: Mathematics 1 prerequisite.—This
course, which comprises the work in Mechanics for the B. A. eleective, is
of a fundamental character. Elementary mathematical methods are employed,
but no student is prepared to begin it who has not acquired a
sound working knowledge of Algebra, Geometry, and Plane Trigonometry,
with the rudiments of Analytical Geometry: Course 2 in Pure Mathematics
must also be taken parallel with this course, unless the student
already possesses a fair knowledge of the Infinitesimal Calculus. The
work is distributed over the three terms of the session, as follows:

First Term—General Introduction to Mechanics.

Second Term—Statics, graphical and analytical.

Third Term—Elementary Dynamics of a Particle.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Course 2: Analytical Mechanics: Mathematics 2 and Course 1
prerequisite.—This course embraces the work in Mechanics for the M. A.
elective. The distribution of the work over the three terms of the session
is as follows:

First Term—Kinematics and Dynamical Principles.

Second Term—Dynamics of a Particle; Statics.

Third Term—Dynamics of a Rigid Body.

For Graduates Only.

Course 3: Mixed Mathematics: Mathematics 3 and Course 2 prerequisite.—This
course represents graduate work for the Ph. D. degree.
Only graduates in the school of Pure Mathematics or students with equivalent
preparation will be admitted to it. The course in Analytical Mechanics
is a necessary preliminary. The work is distributed as follows,
and is given mainly by lectures:

A. Theory of Attraction and the Potential.

B. General Principles of Theoretical Dynamics.

C. Dynamics of Material Systems.

D. Theory of Elasticity.

E. Hydrodynamics.

F. Higher Geodesy.

The six courses are intended to cover two years of graduate work.

149

SCHOOL OF PRACTICAL ASTRONOMY.

Professor Stone.

Mr. Olivier.

Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination, and Course 1 in the School of Mathematics or
its equivalent.

Primarily for Undergraduates.

Course 1: General Astronomy: Mathematics 1 prerequisite.—The
primary aim of this course is to give such a knowledge of the facts,
principles, and methods of Astronomy as every well-educated person
should possess.

The instruction is given by oral examinations, by lectures, and by the
assignment of problems. The mental discipline of the student is kept
constantly in view, and an earnest effort is made to create a habit of clear
and logical thinking.

Text-Books.—Young's General Astronomy; Moulton's Introduction to
Astronomy.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Course 2: Celestial Mechanics: Course 1 and Mathematics 2 (or
its equivalent) prerequisite.—The principal subjects considered are rectilinear
motion, central forces, potential, problems of two, three and n
bodies, perturbations, determination of a preliminary orbit.

Course 3: Practical Astronomy: Course 1 and Mathematics 2 (or
its equivalent) prerequisite.—Spherical Astronomy and theory of astronomical
instruments with practical exercises in making and reducing
astronomical observations.

For Graduates Only.

Course 4: Celestial Mechanics: Course 2 prerequisite.—Problem of
three bodies, and theory of perturbations.

Course 5: Advanced Spherical Astronomy: Course 3 prerequisite.
—Determination of the positions of the fixed stars, preparation of star
catalogues, statistical study of the structure of the sidereal universe.

For information in regard to Fellowships in Astronomy application
should be made to the Professor in charge of the School.

The Astronomical Observatory is situated upon an elevation known
as Mount Jefferson, which furnishes an unobstructed horizon. The principal
building is a rotunda forty-five feet in diameter, and contains the
great Clark refractor of twenty-six inches aperture. The building and
instrument are the gift of Leander J. McCormick, Esq., of Chicago. The
computing rooms are adjoining, and contain clock, chronograph, etc., and
a working library. In a smaller building are a three-inch Fauth transit
and a four-inch Kahler equatorial.

A temporary STUDENTS' OBSERVATORY has been recently erected in
the rear of Dawson's Row, and is intended more especially for the use
of students in Course 1.

150

SCHOOL OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.

Professor Smith.	Mr. Butler.
Adj. Prof. Hoxton.	Mr. Campbell.
	Mr. Reich.

Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination, and in addition the examination for classification
in Pure Mathematics. The School offers the following courses:

Primarily for Undergraduates.

Course 1: Experimental Physics.—This course is intended to include
Elementary Mechanics, Heat, Electricity, Sound, and Light. Instruction
is given by lectures and text-books, with illustrative experiments. The
members of this class are expected to perform a graded set of simple
exercises in the Physical Laboratory, the hours for which are accommodated,
as far as possible, to the convenience of the student.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Course 2: Mathematical Physics: Course 1 prerequisite.—In this
course, to which are admitted students having a good working knowledge
of Algebra, Trigonometry, and Elementary Infinitesimal Calculus, selected
portions of the preceding one are more fully developed by the aid of
mathematics. The Laboratory work in this class is more advanced and
extensive than in the preceding class, and aims at the more exact measurement
of physical quantities.

Course 3: Electricity: Course 1 prerequisite.—This course is distinguished
from the preceding, in being adapted of design to the needs of
such as intend to pursue Electrical Engineering. The book work and the
Laboratory exercises have therefore a practical character. They are intended
to cover the first half of a four years' course of Electrical Engineering.

For Graduates Only.

Graduate Work is offered to candidates for the Doctorate of Philosophy
and to others who, for special reasons, may wish to do advanced work
in Physics along special lines. This work will be mainly experimental
and, as far as our resources allow, will be accommodated to the preferences
and special preparation of the student himself. More detailed information
respecting the advanced work may meanwhile be obtained by correspondence
or personal interview.

The Rouss Physical Laboratory.

This building is now completed and occupied. The equipment is
such as to offer unusual facilities in several directions for both elementary
and advanced practical work. The working rooms are remarkable for
stability, light, and uniformity of temperature. Electricity, gas, and
water, as well as steam heat, are supplied to each of them. The structure
was specially designed to meet the requirements of Practical Physics, and
is convenient within, while it is slightly without.

151

SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY.

Professor Mallet.

Mr. Manly.

Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination. In this School the following courses are
offered:

Primarily for Undergraduates.

Course 1: General Chemistry.—This course consists of three lectures
and one oral examination a week throughout the Session. The fundamental
ideas of chemical science, the relations of Chemistry to Physics,
with the main facts on which the modern so-called Physical Chemistry
rests, the laws expressing the facts of chemical combination by weight and
by volume, the atomic theory as at present developed in connection with
Chemistry, the chemical nomenclature and symbols now in use, the foundations
of our knowledge of chemical structure, and a general survey of the
Descriptive Chemistry of the elements, and their compounds, inorganic and
organic, are brought forward in order, with incidental allusion to the
applications in the arts and manufactures of the facts mentioned.

Text-Books.—Syllabus of the Professor's Lectures; Richter's Inorganic
Chemistry, translated by E. F. Smith, and Bernthsen's Organic Chemistry,
translated by G. McGowan. Recommended for reference: Roscoe and Schorlemmer's
Elements of Chemistry; Lothar Meyer's Outlines of Theoretical
Chemistry (English translation); Watt's Dictionary of Chemistry; Ernst
von Meyer's History of Chemistry.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Course 2: Industrial Chemistry: Course 1 (or equivalent knowledge)
prerequisite.—This course, in which also three lectures a week are delivered,
is concerned with the applications of chemistry to the purposes of human
life. It examines in detail the chemical principles and processes specially
concerned in the more important arts and manufactures, upon which the
development of the natural resources of the country in large measure
depends, the opportunity being thus presented of preparation for such
positions as those of the miner and metallurgist, the chemical manufacturer,
the dyer, bleacher, tanner, sugar-refiner, etc.

Text-Books.—F. H. Thorp's Outlines of Industrial Chemistry; Huntington
& McMillan's Metals, their Properties and Treatment. Recommended for
reference: Richardson and Watt's Chemical Technology: T. E. Thorpe's
Dictionary of Applied Chemistry; Girardin's Leçons de Chimie Elémentaire
appliquée aux Arts Industriels; W. E. Roberts-Austen's Introduction to the
Study of Metallurgy; Sadtler's Hand-Book of Industrial Organic Chemistry, etc.

The collections of the University in illustration of the processes and
products of Industrial Chemistry have been procured at much expense
and pains in this country, England, France, and Germany, and are

152

unusually extensive and good; among the best on this side of the
Atlantic.

In both courses there are one or more reviews each week of the
subjects under discussion, involving questions put by, as well as to, the
students; and exercises in writing are given out to afford practice in the
calculations which are needed by the chemist.

For Graduates Only.

For admission to a Ph. D. course in the School of Chemistry or in
the school of Analytical Chemistry, the previous completion of Courses 1
and 2 in both the Schools named will be required; but this part of the
requirement may be waived, provided satisfactory evidence be furnished
that the student has already made equivalent attainment elsewhere.

Graduate work is offered in either course, and either or both may be
taken by the candidate for the Ph. D. degree. Laboratory work will be
applied to subjects involving original investigation. It is desirable that
the student shall, himself, as far as possible, select subjects for investigation,
but when he cannot do so, suitable questions will be presented to him,
and he will be encouraged to work them out for himself, with only such
aid and guidance as may prove to be indispensable. Advanced reading
may also be prescribed, especially in the shape of the literature of particular
topics, to be looked up from various sources and condensed by the
student.

No one can join the medical section of the class in General Chemistry,
or stand the corresponding examinations, unless he be a regular student
in the medical department of the University.

☞ An important change in the programme of this School is in contemplation
and will probably become effective for next session (1907-8). Due
notice of this will be given by a separate published circular at as early a
date as possible.

SCHOOL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY.

Professor Dunnington.

Mr. Sloan.

Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination. The regular work of this School, constituting a
complete course in Practical Chemistry, is divided into two courses, as
follows:

Primarily for Undergraduates.

Course 1: This course consists of three lessons a week throughout
the session, on each occasion the student spending three or four hours in
practical experiments in the Laboratory. A course in Chemical manipulation

153

is first given, then Blowpipe Analysis, Fire Assaying of Ores of Lead,
Gold, and Silver, and a systematic course in Inorganic Qualitative Analysis,
followed by practice in analysis of salts, alloys, and ores, determination
of minerals and the examination of potable water, coal, clay, and so on,
together with some simpler quantitative determinations. Weekly written
exercises are required.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Course 2: The work of the second course is also given in three
lessons a week throughout the session, each being followed by four hours
or more of practical laboratory work. This course is primarily one in
Quantitative Analysis. After some training in manipulation and gravimetric
estimations, the class pursues volumetric estimations and a full
course in Quantitative Analysis of minerals, ores, coal, soil, technical
products, and so on. Weekly written exercises are required. As the
student advances in the course he is encouraged to undertake original
research and assist in its prosecution; and in determining his fitness for
graduation, work of this kind is considered as having much weight.

The Laboratory is open to students six days in the week, during all
the working hours of the day.

Students may register either for the first course, or for both courses
at the same time; candidates for the M. A. elective are required to complete
both courses. Those who accomplish this are prepared for work as
Analytical Chemists, Assayers, Druggists, or Teachers of Chemistry.

Among the works recommended to laboratory students are: Fresenius's
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis, A. I. Cohn; Olsen's Quantitative
Chemical Analysis; Venable's Qualitative Analysis (3d ed.); Greville William's
Hand-Book of Chemical Manipulation; Woehler's Examples for Practice in
Chemical Analysis; Foye's Hand-Book of Mineralogy.

A course of lectures in Agricultural Chemistry is given in this School
(see p. 206).

For Graduates Only.

The graduate course is designed for those seeking the degree of Ph. D.,
and also for such students as desire to increase the range of their experience
as analysts, and to cultivate their powers of original investigation.

It is required of those who enter this course that they shall have
previously completed Courses 1 and 2, both in this School and in that
of General Chemistry, or that they shall have previously made equivalent
attainments elsewhere.

Laboratory work will be conducted daily, and suggestions and due
assistance will be given in its prosecution.

While the work is adapted to the special aims or tastes of each
student, it will in all cases comprise some practice in the more elaborate
processes of analysis, ultimate and proximate organic analysis, some study
in analytical methods and some original problems, also the reading and

154

the summarizing of extracts from current journals, and for all who are
seeking the degree of Ph. D., a dissertation embodying the results of some
original research.

The Chemical Laboratory is a building planned and erected for the
purpose. It is warmed throughout by hot water, completely fitted with
the most approved appliances, and stocked with apparatus, models, materials,
and specimens. The commodious lecture-room, with work and
store-room attached, is provided with every convenience for exhibiting a
complete series of experiments illustrating the lectures on General Chemistry.
The Laboratory will accommodate forty working students, and is
furnished with work-tables, gas, water, and all proper laboratory fixtures;
smaller rooms are devoted to weighing, evaporations, assaying, etc., and
all requisite apparatus, chemicals, minerals, materials for analysis, etc.,
are kept constantly supplied by home purchases and importation.

CORCORAN SCHOOL OF NATURAL HISTORY AND GEOLOGY.

Professor Fontaine.

Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination. In this School two subjects are taught, Geology
and Descriptive Mineralogy. There are two courses, as follows:

Primarily for Undergraduates.

Course 1.—Three lectures a week will be given throughout the session.
The design of the course is to enable the student to obtain such a
knowledge of the science of Geology as should be possessed by a welleducated
man. As full an exposition of the fundamental principles will
be given as the time will allow.

Text-Books.—Le Conte's Elements of Geology, and Notes of the Professor's
lectures.

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Course 2: Course 1 prerequisite.—This course consists of two divisions,
one in Mineralogy, the other in Geology.

Mineralogy.—The course in Mineralogy closes in February. Three
lectures a week are given in it. In this course attention is paid to crystallography,
and especially to the physical properties of minerals. In
Descriptive Mineralogy the relations, geological occurrence, and history
of the individual species are made prominent.

Text-Books.—Dana's Manual of Mineralogy and Petrology. The instruction
will be in part by lectures.

Geology.—This division of the course begins after the completion of
Mineralogy in February. The more general and complicated problems in
all the branches of Geology will be dealt with in this course. As thorough

155

a treatment as possible will be given of Stratigraphy, Lithology, and
Paleontology. More stress will be laid on the methods of field-work and
the application of geological principles. The aim will be to give such a
knowledge of the subject as may be useful to the student in bread-winning
pursuits, or may serve as a basis for the more specialized course required
for the attainment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

Text-Book.—Chamberlin and Salisbury's Geology in part. For reference:
Geikie's Text-Book of Geology. The instruction will be in part by lectures.

For Graduates Only.

The advanced course in this School is intended to give the student
as large a stock of useful information as possible, to teach him methods
of investigation, and to train him in habits of observation. Original research
will be insisted on, and opportunity will be given for the student
to concentrate his efforts in some line of special study.

Topics for study will be taken from both of the subjects taught
in this School. The abundant material in the Lewis Brooks Museum,
mentioned below, gives unusual facilities for the pursuit of graduate
work.

Descriptive Mineralogy.—The course of Mineralogy is so selected as
to give the student a good knowledge of as wide a range of the principles
as possible, and at the same time to cause him to acquire a practical
knowledge of the various mineral species. In the practical study, the
more common minerals, and those of more importance from an economic
and geologic point of view, will have preference. A practical knowledge
of the crystal forms and of the characteristic groupings and massive forms
of minerals, will be required. Special attention will be paid to the relations
of minerals, their association in nature, and their geological occurrence.
The student will be trained to determine minerals, as far as
possible, by their obvious characteristics, without the help of tests, and
practical examinations will be held, from time to time, to test his skill.
One or more theses will be required.

Dana's Text-Book of Mineralogy, and Weisbach's Mineral Tables will be
used; and topics from various authors will be assigned for study in special
cases.

Geology.—In Geology the aim will be to fit the student for independent
and original research. He will study as thoroughly as possible the
broader problems of the science, involving the knowledge of stratigraphical
principles. Special attention will be given to imparting a practical
knowledge of the various rocks, and of the animal and plant fossils of the
different eras, with the view of using them in determining unknown
formations. Stress will be laid upon field work, and the methods of
determining and describing the geology of new regions. To impart such
knowledge, the student will be required to work up some particular region

156

or formation, and report his results. Topics involving a knowledge of the
literature and growth of opinion in relation to particular questions may be
assigned to form the subject of theses.

Chamberlin and Salisbury's Geology will be used as a text-book, and
selected books of other authors will be used when necessary.

The Lewis Brooks Museum contains collections illustrating the main
subdivisions of Natural History. Each of the collections is arranged so
as to exemplify the principles of the science, and at the same time offers a
large variety of subjects for advanced study. In Geology the specimens
show all the different kinds of rocks, classified according to mineral
character and the formation in which they occur; the collection of
fossils, plaster casts, maps, etc., is exceptionally fine, and fully illustrates
Historical Geology. In Mineralogy the principles of the science are
made plain by well-chosen suits of specimens, models of crystals, etc.
The general collection of minerals contains all the important minerals,
and many of the rarer ones, in good specimens. Zoölogy is well illustrated
by a fine and large collection of mounted skeletons, stuffed animals,
dried specimens, plaster casts, etc. In Botany the collections contain
charts, papier-maché models of flowers and fruits, sections of wood, etc.:
the bulk of the collection is in the form of an herbarium, selected from
the most important and interesting botanical regions of the world. In
addition to the above, a beginning has been made of a collection to
illustrate the geology and mineralogy of the State of Virginia, and this
will be increased as rapidly as possible.

These large and carefully selected collections of geological and
mineralogical objects afford unsurpassed facilities for the full illustration
of the principles taught. As free access to these collections is allowed
the student, he can find in their study an opportunity, rarely obtained,
for gaining a practical acquaintance with natural objects acquired from
various parts of the world, and chosen for their typical character. These
collections are especially useful to students pursuing advanced work in
Geology and Mineralogy.

MILLER SCHOOL OF BIOLOGY.

Professor Tuttle.

Mr. Kepner.

Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination.

The work of this school is designed to meet the wants of students
who desire such knowledge of the principles of Biology and of the methods
of biological research as should properly form part of a liberal education,
or who desire such training as will fit them for independent work as
students or as teachers in that department of knowledge; and of those

157

who seek such acquaintance with the facts and laws of Biology as will
prepare them for an intelligent study of the relations of the biological
sciences to the art of Agriculture as described in another portion of this
catalogue (p. 204).

Each student who enters upon the work of either of the courses
described below is required to provide himself with a section razor, a
good pocket magnifier, a small case of dissecting instruments, and a note
book of approved pattern. All other necessary apparatus, reagents, etc.,
are furnished by the laboratory. There is a laboratory fee for materials
consumed in connection with the work of all but the first three courses.

Primarily for Undergraduates.

Course 1: General Biology.—In view of the fact that no elementary
instruction in either of the biological sciences is now given in the majority
of the schools tributary to the University, and that by far the greater
number of its students have therefore had no preliminary training in the
methods of experiment and observation necessary for their pursuit, provision
is for the present made for an introductory course in Biology. This
is intended primarily to make the student familiar with the laboratory
method of study, and at the same time to impart to him some direct
knowledge of the most readily discernible facts of structure and laws of
functions concerning a series of representative plants and animals. In it
he is taught to observe, to record the results of his observations, and to
make deductions therefrom; is made familiar with the microscope and
with the simpler and more frequently used processes of biological technique.
A brief survey is made of both the vegetable and the animal
kingdom, preparing the student for the systematic study of either of the
great divisions of the organic world.

Course 2: Botany: Course 1 prerequisite.—The course in structural
and Systematic Botany is largely given to the study of anatomy and
histology of representatives of the principal divisions of the Vegetable
Kingdom, beginning with the lowest and passing to the highest plants; as
far as possible, representative life-histories are also studied and discussed.
The concluding portion of the course is devoted to the specific study of the
classification and distribution of the higher plants, and of the local flora.

Course 3: Zoölogy: Course 1 prerequisite.—In this course a study
is made of a series of forms representative of the principal divisions of
the animal kingdom. The practical work of the laboratory is supplemented
by lectures upon the organization and life-history of the forms
examined, and that of allied forms, and upon their relations as indicated
thereby. The course is devoted chiefly but not wholly to the study of the
invertebrates, and one or more of the leading groups will be discussed and
studied somewhat in detail in such a manner as to illustrate the principles
and the meaning of zoölogical classification as based upon structure and
development.

Courses 2 and 3 are not both given the same year at present.

158

For Undergraduates and Graduates.

Course 4: Histology and Cytology: Course 1 prerequisite.—The
course comprises a comparative study of the elements of structure in the
lower and the higher animals, and of their embryological development, in
such manner as to elucidate the evolution of the tissues and tissue
elements; together with a study of the phenomena of cell organization
and cell life in both plants and animals. It includes practice in the more
advanced methods of technique, and a critical discussion of the microscope
and its intelligent use, as means of attaining the end in view.

Course 5: Plant Morphology: Courses 1 and 2 prerequisite.—An
advanced course based on Course 2, the completion of which, or its equivalent,
is necessary as a preliminary. In it the student is required to make
special study of at least one group of Algæ and one of Fungi; of one
division of the Archegoniatæ, and of one family of Seed Plants. Careful
examination will be made in each case of the structure and life-history
of as many species of the group as possible. Assignment of work among
the members of the class will be so made as to avoid as far as possible
the duplication of work by students of the same class, each member
working altogether independently.

Course 6: Invertebrate Morphology: Courses 1 and 3 prerequisite.—In
this course the student will be required to make detailed and
critical study of at least one class of the Protozoa; of one order of the
Cœlenterata; and of the anatomy, histology, and as far as possible the
embryology of representative members of one phylum of the cœlomatous
Metazoa. As in the preceding course, work will be assigned independently
to the different members of the class.

Courses 4 and 5 are not both given the same year at present.

For Graduates Only.

Course 7: Vertebrate Morphology: Courses 1, 3 and 4 prerequisite.
—The work of the course begins with a study of Vertebrate Embryology:
this is followed by the detailed comparative study of the structure and
development of one or more systems of organs as existing in the vertebrates
and in those forms which may be regarded as phylogenetically related
to the vertebrate stock. The library of the department contains a
large amount of standard and periodical literature bearing on the subject
matter of this course, and the reading of the student will be directed as
far as possible in accordance with his individual needs.

The more advanced work in Biology will be devoted chiefly to Vertebrate
Histology and Morphology, each of the systems of organs being in
turn critically studied; it will in substance be an extension of the work
of Course 6. Such lectures will be given and such reading assigned as
may be deemed advisable, but the larger part of the work will be done
in the laboratory of the University and at such seaside or other laboratories
elsewhere as may be designated, the principal object of the course
being to train the student in methods of original investigation while he is
becoming acquainted with the present state of our knowledge of the vertebrates
and their allies.

159

THE JOHN B. CARY, MEMORIAL SCHOOL OF BIBLICAL
HISTORY AND LITERATURE.

Associate Professor Forrest.

The instruction in this department will be planned to furnish students
that general acquaintance with the history and literature of the Bible
which should constitute a part of every liberal education. The course will
be accepted as an elective at large for the B. A. degree.

Course 1: For the session of 1906-7. Old Testament History.—
Special attention will be devoted to Hebrew origins, and the history of
the Hebrew people will be sketched through its stages of nomadic life,
early settlement, monarchy, dissolution of the state, exile, and restoration.
The American Revised Version of the Bible will be the text-book. Instruction
will be chiefly by lectures. Students will be required to do parallel
reading, and to prepare frequent written exercises or reports on subjects
assigned.

Course 2: For the session of 1907-8. History and Literature of the
English Bible.—The history of the original documents from which our
Bible has been derived will be traced. This will be followed by a more
detailed study of the history of the various English Versions that have
culminated in our present Authorized and Revised Versions. The literature
of the Bible will then be examined in the light of modern literary canons,
comparison being instituted between the various forms of Biblical literature
and recognized masterpieces from general literature. Text-books and
lectures.

But one of these courses will be offered in any one session.

The class will meet in the Bible Study Room at Madison Hall, three
hours a week throughout the session. Days and hours of meeting will
be determined to suit the convenience of students electing the course.

[1]

* Mr. Faulkner is on a year's leave of absence in Europe.

160

DEPARTMENT OF LAW.

EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D. C. L., LL. D.,	President.
WILLIAM MINOR LILE, LL. D.,	Dean.

CHARLES ALFRED GRAVES, M. A., LL. D.,
Professor of the Law of Contracts, Torts, and Civil Procedure.

WILLIAM MINOR LILE, LL. D.,
Professor of the Law of Persons, Mercantile Law, Corporations,
and Equity.

RALEIGH COLSTON MINOR, M. A., B. L.,
Professor of the Law of Real Property, and Public Law.

Among the original schools contemplated in Mr. Jefferson's plan for
the organization of the University of Virginia, was "Law: Municipal and
Foreign; Embracing the General Principles, Theory, and Practice of
Jurisprudence, together with the Theory and Principles of Constitutional
Government." Accordingly the School of Law was established in 1826,
and has been in continuous operation since, even during the four years of
the civil war. The aim of the Department of Law has always been to
maintain a high standard as a requirement for graduation—the degree
being conferred only upon such students as are thorough masters of the
prescribed course of study. This policy has been rigorously enforced,
and its wisdom has been vindicated by the high position to which the
graduates of the law school are accustomed to attain at the bar or in
public life. The course of instruction has been extended from time to
time to conform to changing conditions and to meet the increasing needs
of the profession. It is confidently believed that the enlarged course now
offered will enable those who complete it more surely to maintain that
rank at the bar which the University has always expected of her sons.

Formerly it was possible for the law student to begin and complete
his professional studies in the office of some friendly member of the bar
—Blackstone's Commentaries and the Code of his State forming the main
portion of his curriculum. Then the authorities were few, the leading
principles alone were settled, and their application was comparatively
simple. In more recent times, so widened is the scope of the law, so
complex its principles, so nice and yet so important its distinctions, so
numerous and conflicting the authorities, that it is scarcely practicable
for even the most diligent student to master the subject, in its multiform
phases, without the systematic instruction of skilled teachers. Furthermore,
the increased and increasing scope and rigor of the examinations
for admission to the bar in the several States call for a more extensive

161

course of study than was afforded in former days by the law school, and
a wider and more intimate knowledge of legal principles than can generally
be acquired by private study.

These considerations have led to a general conviction among the
leaders of professional thought throughout the country that no student
should essay the practice of the law who has not spent at least two years
in close and attentive study in a law school. Indeed, the decided tendency
is toward requiring even a longer period of study, as essential either to
graduation or to admission to the bar.

Required for Entrance upon the Work of the Department.—The
General Entrance Examination, or admission to the University by certificate
or diploma, as stated in a preceding portion of this catalogue, pp.
78-87. For exemption from this rule in the case of Special Students not
candidates for the degree in Law, see p. 83. All candidates for the
degree must have attained the age of eighteen before entering the Law
School.

Course of Study.—The course is planned with a view to acquaint the
student familiarly and practically with the principles of his profession.
Care is taken to teach him to think for himself, and to rely upon reason
and principle, rather than upon memory; it being considered better that
the student follow principle to its legitimate conclusion, though this be
at variance with the decisions of the courts, than that he should arrive
at a faultless result by the exercise of memory or by accident.

The instruction is as thorough as possible, and is given partly through
text-books and partly through lectures (on some subjects with the addition
of illustrative cases), with careful daily examinations upon both. The
daily quiz has long been a marked and, as experience has proved, a most
valuable feature of the system of instruction. As cross-examination
exposes error and develops truth, so the daily quiz enables the instructor
to discover and rectify misconceptions of legal principles on the part of
the student.

The course occupies two years, and it is not permissible to apply
for graduation in less time. Indeed, since future professional success
depends upon complete mastery of elementary principles, it is not advisable
for the student to devote less time to preparation for practice, even
though he be not a candidate for graduation. It is a maxim sanctioned
by long and wide experience that "he who is not a good lawyer when he
comes to the bar, will seldom be a good one afterwards." In order to
acquire such thorough knowledge of the elements of the law, thought as
well as reading is requisite; and, for the purpose of thought, there must
be time to digest as well as industry to acquire. One cannot gorge himself
with legal principles and digest them afterwards; the process of assimilation,
if it is to proceed healthfully and beneficially, must accompany
the reception of knowledge.

Arrangement of Classes.—The course of instruction in the Department
of Law comprises twelve separate classes. Six of these classes

162

constitute the first year's studies, and six the studies of the second year.

In the work of each year, there are nine lectures a week. The
lectures occupy an hour and a half each, so that each year's course
demands thirteen and a half hours of class-work each week, besides
the work of the Moot and Practice courts.

The following table exhibits an outline of the course:

[3] First Year.	1. The Law of Persons; Personal Property (including Sales); Wills of Personalty, and Administration.
	2. The Law of Contracts.
	3. The Law of Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
	4. Mercantile Law: Negotiable Paper; Partnership; Insurance.
	5. Torts, Bailments, and Carriers.
	6. Theory of Government; Constitutional Law; International Law.
Second Year.	7. Equity Jurisprudence and Procedure; Bankruptcy.
	8. Pleading and Practice in Civil Cases.
	9. The Law of Real Property.
	10. The Law of Corporations.
	11. The Law of Evidence.
	12. Conflict of Laws.

FIRST YEAR COURSE.

1. Law of Persons; Personal Property; Wills and Administration.

Professor Lile.

The preliminary lectures in this class are devoted to the nature,
sources and evidences of the law; the absolute and relative rights of
persons, and their constitutional guaranties; citizenship and naturalization;
and subordinate magistrates. This is followed by a thorough drill
in the subjects of principal and agent; husband and wife, including their
common law property rights, with the modern statutory modifications;
parent and child; and guardian and ward. Later, the study of the law of
personal property (including the law of sales) is pursued in its various
phases, followed by that of wills of personalty and administration. Under
the latter classification are included the execution of wills; the qualification
of personal representatives and the settlement of their accounts; the
law of legacies and of distribution; and the complete administration of
estates.—September 16 to March 1—Three times a week.

Text-Books.—Long's Domestic Relations; Mechem's Principles of Agency;
Rood on Wills; R. M. Benjamin's Principles of Sales (2d ed.); The Professor's
Printed Notes.

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2. The Law of Contracts.

Professor Graves.

In this class, coming appropriately at the beginning of the Junior
year, an effort is made to give a thorough, though elementary, course in
the fundamentals of contract law—the formation, operation, and discharge
of contracts—with a full discussion of the doctrine of consideration, the
requirements of the Statute of Frauds, and the consequences of the various
kinds of illegality, whether at common law or by statute. The important
subject of Quasi-Contract also receives adequate attention. The textbook
on Contracts (Clark, following the analysis of Anson) is accompanied
by a volume of Illustrative Cases, and is supplemented by the Professor's
Printed Notes, explaining obscurities in the text, and calling attention to
the recent cases in Virginia and elsewhere.—September 16 to December 21
—Three times a week.

Text-Books.—Clark on Contracts (2d ed.); Hopkins's Cases on Contracts;
The Professor's Printed Notes.

3. The Law of Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Professor Minor.

In the study of this subject the student is made familiar with the
general principles enforced by the courts in the administration of criminal
justice. He is instructed as to the nature and elements of the more
important crimes, both common law and statutory. Attention is given
rather to the acquisition of a thorough knowledge of the leading principles
than to the less important details, which, with a knowledge of the former,
may readily be acquired. The course of instruction further embraces a
study of the forms of procedure, the nature, organization and duties of
the courts, and of grand and petit juries; arrests and bail; indictments,
presentments, informations, and the various defenses, by way of demurrer,
plea, or otherwise; together with the ordinary incidents of a criminal
trial, such as challenges of jurors, motions for a new trial, bills of exceptions,
motions in arrest of judgment, and writs of error.

The last lectures of this course are devoted to the practical work of
drawing indictments, pleas in abatement and other criminal pleading, and
the making of motions for new trial, in arrest of judgment, etc.—September
16 to January 20—Three times a week.

Text-Books.—Clark's Criminal Law; Beale's Criminal Pleading and Practice;
The Professor's Notes.

4. Mercantile Law.

Professor Lile.

Under this head are grouped the subjects of Negotiable Instruments,
Insurance, and Partnership. The instruction is made as practical as

164

possible, by frequent use of the various mercantile instruments, as exhibits,
in the course of the lectures. In the study of the law of negotiable paper,
constant reference is made to the Negotiable Instruments Law, recently
enacted in many States, including Virginia, and likely to be adopted
throughout the country. In addition to the study of the general principles
of the law of insurance, attention is devoted to particular clauses
most usual in life, marine, and accident policies, and the New York Standard
fire policy is studied, clause by clause, in the light of judicial construction.—March
1 to end of session—Three times a week.

Text-Books.—Bigelow on Bills, Notes, and Cheques (Student's Series—2d
ed.); Vance on Insurance; Mechem on Partnership; The Negotiable Instruments
Law; The Professor's Notes.

5. Torts, Bailments, and Carriers.

Professor Graves.

The Law of Torts (or Non-Contract Law) is first taken up, and is
studied in the order of Professor Bigelow's analysis, viz: (1) Breach of
Duty to Refrain from Fraud or Malice; (2) Breach of Absolute Duty;
and (3) Breach of Duty to Refrain from Negligence. In connection with
the text-book, a volume of cases is used, which serve to illustrate and
impress the abstract principles by concrete examples.

On the completion of Torts, the subject of bailments is entered upon,
and after an outline of the doctrines concerning the several kinds of
Bailees (including Innkeepers), the Law of Carriers (of goods and
passengers) is begun, and is considered with the fulness and thoroughness
due to this important topic. No case-book is used, as the text and notes
of Hutchinson on Carriers furnish abundant illustrations.—From January
3 to end of session—Three times a week.

Text-Books.—Bigelow on Torts (7th ed.); Chase's Cases on Torts (2d ed.);
Hutchinson on Carriers ((2d ed.); The Professor's Notes.

6. Theory of Government; Constitutional Law; International Law.

Professor Minor.

The first lectures of this course are devoted to the Theory and Practice
of Government. It is traced from its generally accepted origin—the
family—through its various stages to the modern forms, and effort is
made by reasoning and comparison to point out the benefits of good government,
the dangers of the bad.

This is followed by Constitutional Law, in the study of which close
attention is given to the judicial interpretation of the Federal Constitution,
and to the great constitutional principles prevailing throughout the
Union. As occasion demands, attention is called to the policy of various

165

acts of legislation, and the student is warned against such as tend to
exceed the limits of safe and constitutional restrictions. The checks and
balances of the constitution are pointed out, and by comparing it with
other constitutions, notably that of England, its weak as well as strong
points are developed. Especial attention is given to such important subjects
as ex post facto laws, laws impairing the obligation of contracts,
due process of law, trial by jury, the power of taxation and of eminent
domain, the police power, interstate commerce, etc.

In the lectures upon Public International Law are considered the
various rules which regulate the intercourse of one nation with another
—such as the principles governing the origin, recognition, and equality
of States; their rights in time of peace, and the means whereby they
peaceably procure the enjoyment of those rights; the laws of war, and
the rights and duties of belligerents, and the rules regulating the relations
of neutral and belligerent States.—January 20 to May 8—Three
times a week.

Text-Books.—Cooley's Principles of Constitutional Law (3d ed.); Davis's
International Law (2d ed.); The Professor's Notes.

SECOND YEAR COURSE.

7. Equity Jurisprudence and Procedure; Bankruptcy.

Professor Lile.

After consideration of the origin and rise of the chancery jurisdiction,
the student is led carefully through the usual subjects of equitable cognizance,
and thence into the methods of procedure, as recognized in the
High Court of Chancery in England, and as modified by statute or by
rules of court in America. The contrast between legal and equitable
principles and procedure is constantly adverted to, and the student is
incited to the appreciation and cultivation of the fine sense of moral right
underlying the doctrines of technical equity. The procedure in the Federal
courts of chancery and in the Chancery courts of Virginia (where
the distinction between legal and equitable procedure is still maintained)
is made the basis of instruction. Practical work is required in draughting
the various forms and pleadings, from the subpœna to the final decree.

In the law of Bankruptcy, sufficient instruction is given to afford to
the student a fair working knowledge of general principles, and effort is
made to secure as great familiarity as possible with the specific provisions
of the National Bankruptcy Act of 1898, and the prescribed rules of procedure
thereunder.—September 16 to February 1—Three times a week.

Text-Books.—Merwin's Equity; Text-books on Equity Practice and Bankruptcy
(to be announced); The Professor's Notes.

166

8. Pleading and Practice.

Professor Graves.

In this class the subjects are Pleading and Practice at common law,
and under the Virginia Statutes; and Federal Jurisdiction and Procedure.
These are all confined to civil cases at law; criminal procedure and equity
jurisdiction and procedure being taught elsewhere in the course.

An outline of the instruction in this class may be given as follows:

(1) The principles and rules of pleading at common law—an intimate
acquaintance with the common law rules and principles being insisted
upon as essential to a proper knowledge of pleading under any system.

(2) The organization and jurisdiction of the Virginia courts, and
the proceedings in a law suit from beginning to end, including appellate
proceedings; and the law of attachments, executions, homestead
exemptions, etc.

(3) The organization and jurisdiction of the Federal courts; removal
of causes from State to Federal courts; the conformity or nonconformity
of the procedure at law in the Federal courts with that in
the courts of the State wherein they are held; and appellate proceedings
in the Federal courts.—September 16 to March 9—Three times a week.

Text-Books.—Andrews's Stephen on Pleading; Hughes's Jurisdiction and
Procedure of the United States Courts; The Professor's Printed Notes on
Pleading, and Printed Questions; Burks's Printed Notes on Pleading, and
Printed Questions.

9. The Law of Real Property.

Professor Minor.

The instruction in this class covers a detailed and careful study of
the subject of Real Property Law, in all its branches. The nature and
several kinds of real estate, and the various interests therein, with the
principles appertaining to each, curtesy and dower, the relations of landlord
and tenant, co-tenancies, the feudal tenures and principles, uses and
trusts, the far-reaching effects of the Statute of Uses, the conditions,
covenants, and other qualifications attached to conveyances of land, are
reviewed at length. The historical connection between ancient and modern
doctrines of conveyancing, with the statutory changes, are carefully traced.
Remainders, reversions, and executory limitations, and the principles
governing their creation, validity, and effect, together with the sources
of title to lands, whether by descent or by the manifold forms of purchase,
and the principles controlling each, the subjects of conveyances, contracts
to convey, wills of lands, adverse possession, the registry of instruments
of title, and the principles regulating the acquisition and validity of taxtitles,
are investigated in detail.

Throughout this course, emphasis is placed on common law principles,
and effort is made to give the student a clear comprehension of these,

167

by tracing them to their feudal or other sources, and by following them
into the modern forms they have assumed under the guiding hand of
courts and legislatures.

Several lectures are devoted to the practical drafting of deeds, contracts,
and wills, as these subjects are presented.—September 16 to March 24
—Three times a week.

Text-Books.—To be announced.

10. The Law of Corporations.

Professor Lile.

In view of the modern development of the law of corporations, both
in extent and importance, increasing attention is devoted to this branch
of the curriculum. Among other subjects of lesser import, the lectures
embrace the promotion, organization, and management of business corporations;
the formation and enforcement of subscriptions for shares;
corporate duties, powers, and liabilities; the relations between the corporation
and the State, between the corporate body and its shareholders,
officers, agents, and creditors, and the reciprocal relations of these with
one another; the consolidation, dissolution, and winding up of corporations;
and the appointment, duties, and powers of receivers. The principles
applicable to municipal corporations, whether in their public or their
proprietary characters, are fully elucidated; the subjects of municipal
taxation, municipal bonds, franchises, rights and liabilities in connection
with streets, as affecting the municipality, the public generally, and the
abutting proprietors, are dealt with in detail.—February 1 to end of
session—Three times a week

Text-Books.—Marshall on Corporations; Clephane on Business Corporations—their
Organization and Management; The Professor's Printed Notes on
Private Corporations; The Professor's Printed Notes on Municipal Corporations.

11. Law of Evidence.

Professor Graves.

The principles of this subject are sought to be elucidated by the aid
of the latest and most philosophical expositions of evidence, notably those
of the late Professor James B. Thayer, of Harvard University, to whose
work, "A Preliminary Treatise on Evidence at the Common Law," constant
reference is made. The text-book used—Volume I of Greenleaf—is
edited by Professor Wigmore, and in it have been incorporated the results
of the historical research and scientific analysis of Professor Thayer and
others.

But while great attention is paid to the rationale of the law of
evidence, as indispensable to a mastery of its principles, the practical
character of the rules of evidence is not overlooked, and an earnest effort
is made, by careful consideration of the statutes and decisions, to give

168

the student such a working knowledge of the subject as will enable him
to apply its principles in the course of judicial investigations.—From
March 10 to end of session—Three times a week.

Text-Books.—Greenleaf on Evidence (16th ed., by Wigmore); The Professor's
Printed Questions.

12. The Conflict of Laws.

Professor Minor.

As the facilities of commerce and intercourse between the various
States and countries of the world increase, this subject becomes of graver
importance, though as yet it has received rather scanty recognition at
the hands of text-writers and law-schools.

The course includes a discussion of the nature and various kinds of
domicil; the law governing status, and the conveyance of personal
property abroad; the validity, construction, and effect of foreign wills,
successions, and administrations; foreign marriages and divorces; transactions
relating to real estate; the execution, interpretation, and validity
of foreign contracts; the law governing the effect of foreign judgments
in rem or in personam; the recovery of damages for foreign torts; the
situs of crimes; the application of the lex fori; and the modes of pleading
and proving foreign laws.—March 24 to end of session—Three times
a week.

Text-Book.—Minor on Conflict of Laws.

MOOT COURT.

A Moot Court is organized by the students in the First Year's
course for the discussion of legal questions. Its meetings begin at the
opening and continue to the end of the session, with such interruptions
only as are incident to the proximity of the examinations. Attendance
is voluntary, as presence during the debates is intended to be a privilege
and not a burden. But every candidate for the degree is required to argue
at least one case in the Moot Court, and to hand in a carefully prepared
brief of his argument, with a digest of the authorities relied on. The
questions are chosen by the Law Faculty, one or more of whom preside
over the discussions. Interest and life are added to the proceedings by
the open debate held after the argument, the presiding judge acting as
interlocutor, and leading into the debate those whom diffidence prompts
to silence.

The following gentlemen served as officers of the Moot Court during
the session of 1906-1907:

Associate Judges	Herbert M. Peck, Beaver Dam, Wis.
	Russell L. Bradford, Norfolk, Va.
Clerks	Robert N. Wilkin, New Philadelphia, Ohio.
	Joseph A. Harvey, Providence, R. I.

169

PRACTICE COURT.[4]

The Practice Court, presided over by one or more members of the
Law Faculty, and designed for students of the second year, is organized
October 1, two weeks after the beginning of the session. Its sessions are
held weekly. Attendance is obligatory on candidates for graduation.

The object of the Practice Court is to afford to the student practical
facility in the procedure which he will be called on to apply at the bar,
and to familiarize him with the whole proceedings in actions at law, and
suits in equity.

[4]

Practice Court Hour.—In Pleading and Practice at Law, the hour will be
on Thursday, from 1 to 2 p. m., the term of the court continuing from October
1 to December 21. In Equity Procedure, the hour will be on Thursday, from
10 to 11 a. m., the term of the court continuing from January 3 to March 15.

PRIZES.

Edward Thompson Company Prize.—This prize for the best thesis on
a subject assigned by the Law Faculty is awarded annually in a competition
open to members of the second year class, who are candidates for
graduation. It is donated by the Edward Thompson Company, of Northport,
N. Y., and consists of a set of the second edition of the American
and English Encyclopedia of Law (32 volumes), of the estimated value
of $240.

LIBRARY—LEGAL BIBLIOGRAPHY.

The Law Library is accommodated by its own library rooms, separate
from the general University library. The rooms are heated by steam
and lighted by electricity, and are located with special reference to the
convenience of the law students. A librarian is in attendance during
working hours.

The library contains complete sets of the decisions of Alabama, Arizona,
Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho,
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota,
Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina,
Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, United States Supreme Court,
Utah, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. It contains the
National Reporter System, complete; the American Decisions; American
Reports; American State Reports; Law Reports Annotated; a valuable
collection of English Reports; and all the modern search-books, in the
form of general digests (including the Century) and Encyclopedias, besides
a large collection of text-books.

While the student is not encouraged too early to venture for himself
into either cases or text-books, save for the purpose of verifying or clearing
up some proposition of the lecture, or for the preparation of opinions or

170

briefs, he is incited to familiarize himself not only with the leading cases
to which his attention is called, but especially with the bibliography of
the law and the use of the books. To the latter subject, in addition to
the instruction incidentally given, several lectures are specially devoted.
The student is taught that books are the working tools of the lawyer,
and that facility in handling them, in the office and in the court room,
is an indispensable professional acquirement. He is instructed how to
consult authorities and run down cases; to distinguish doctrine from
dicta; to analyze, criticise, and compare cases; to distinguish imperative
authority from that which is persuasive only; to prepare briefs; and,
generally, so to accustom himself to law books and their use as to enable
him to investigate, with intelligence and skill, any question that may
come within the scope of his duty at the bar.

EXAMINATIONS AND DEGREES.

The degree of Bachelor of Laws (LL. B.) is conferred upon such
students as have attended two full sessions of nine months each (for
provision as to late entrance see page 171) of the law school, and who
manifest an intimate acquaintance with all the subjects embraced in the
course, evidenced by successfully passing all written examinations, and
who have satisfactorily performed the work of the Moot and Practice
courts and other assigned work.

Any one of the classes of the first or second year may be completed
separately. Upon the satisfactory completion of any class, a certificate
is issued to the student, followed by the diploma of graduation when
(and not until) all the examinations have been successfully passed.

Candidates for the degree, who in any session have less than one
full year's course to complete, may be required to take such additional
work, and to stand such additional examinations as shall be prescribed.

Fall Examinations.—The privilege of standing Fall examinations is
granted to candidates for graduation who have fallen slightly below the
required standard, and who have not more than two classes to complete.

These Fall examinations for the session of 1907-1908 will begin September
17, 1907, and will continue from day to day until completed,
in the following order: (1) Equity Jurisprudence and Procedure; (2)
Pleading and Practice; (3) Conflict of Laws; (4) Corporations; (5)
Evidence; (6) Real Property

Admission to Advanced Standing.—No credit is given for attendance
at another law school, nor for time spent in private reading. The candidate
for graduation must spend both the Junior and Senior year in
residence here.

Preliminary Education.[5] —Students, and their parents or guardians,
are warned that the Law is peculiarly an intellectual profession, and

171

demands for its successful prosecution, whether at the Law School or
in the broader fields of professional life, a well-trained mind. If it be
true that untrained intellects, in rare instances, under diligent and persistent
effort, develop after entrance upon practice, such exceptional cases
but serve to illustrate the rule, that out of a given number of young
men entering upon the study of the Law, those with sound preliminary
training will have incomparably the advantage, while those without it
will be seriously handicapped, and are likely never to rise above mediocrity
in their profession.

The experience of the Law Faculty—nay, of all law teachers—is,
that the standing and progress of law students are, in large measure, in
the ratio of their academic preparation. Young gentlemen are therefore
advised not to begin their legal studies until they have completed an
academic course approximating that ordinarily required for the degree of
Bachelor of Arts.

Special Students.—Students who can attend but a single session are
advised to take special courses, which the arrangement of the classes
readily permits. Over-zealousness, by which an ambitious student is
beguiled into the assumption of more work than he can thoroughly master
in a single year, leads to cramming and inaccuracy, and often to complete
failure. With this admonition, the special student is free to select his
own work. The following course is suggested for students who propose
to attend for a single session only:

First year classes 1, 3, and 4 (see p. 162); second year classes, 8,
9, and 11; or, if the student has already had some legal training, numbers
7 and 10 of the second year may be added. The first course suggested
would require 15 hours, and the second 19½ hours, of class-work
a week.

Late Entrance.—Registration commences Thursday, September 12, and
the work of the Law School begins promptly September 16, and continues
until the middle of June. Students are advised that late entrance is a
serious hindrance to progress. The student who enters late must begin his
work at the point to which the work has advanced at the time of his
entrance, and credit for a full year's attendance cannot be given in case
of entrance after November 1.

As regards conditions of admission in case of late entrance, reference
is made to the General Entrance Requirements, as stated on a preceding
page.

[5]

For entrance requirements see pp. 78-87

EXPENSES.

The necessary expenses at the University of a student in the Department
of Law may be estimated at from $330 upwards, according to the
mode of living, for each session. A fuller statement regarding expenses
may be found on preceding pages of this catalogue.

172

SCHEDULE OF LECTURES AND EXAMINATIONS.

1907-1908.

Law Department.

(Subject to change as circumstances may require.)

Lectures.

	Monday	Tuesday	Wednesday	Thursday	Friday	Saturday
9.30 to 11	Prof. Graves.	Prof. Graves.	Prof. Graves.	Prof. Graves.	Prof. Graves.	Prof. Graves.
9.30 to 11	2d year course.	1st year course.	2d year course.	1st year course.	2d year course.	1st year course.
11 to 12.30	Prof. Minor.	Prof. Minor.	Prof. Minor.	Prof. Minor.	Prof. Minor.	Prof. Minor.
11 to 12.30	1st year course.	2d year course.	1st year course.	2d year course.	1st year course	2d year course.
12.30 to 2	Prof. Lile.	Prof. Lile.	Prof. Lile.	Prof. Lile.	Prof. Lile.	Prof. Lile.
12.30 to 2	2d year course.	1st year course.	2d year course.	1st year course.	2d year course.	1st year course.

* For several months after Christmas, Professor Minor will substitute one lecture to the first year class at three
o'clock in the afternoon in place of one of his morning lectures. For practice court hour, see p. 169, note.

Examinations, 1907-'08.

FIRST YEAR.

Persons (I)	Nov. 26
Contracts	Dec. 21
Criminal Law and Procedure	Jan. 20
Persons (II)	Feb. 29
Constitutional and International Law	May 8
Mercantile Law	May 22
Torts and Carriers	June 4

SECOND YEAR.

Real Property (I)	Nov. 19
Pleading and Practice (I)	Dec. 13
Equity and Bankruptcy	Jan. 31
Pleading and Practice (II)	March 9
Real Property (II)	March 24
Conflict of Laws	May 16
Evidence	May 28
Corporations	June 7

[3]

The first year Law Course may be substituted for certain electives in the
College by candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts.

173

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE.

EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D. C. L., LL. D.,	President.
RICHARD HENRY WHITEHEAD, A. B., M. D.,	Dean.

174

JOHN WILLIAM MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., F. R. S.,
	Professor of Chemistry
ALBERT HENRY TUTTLE, M. S.,
	Professor of Histology and Embryology
PAUL BRANDON BARRINGER, M. D., LL. D.,
	Professor of Therapeutics and Pharmacology.
JOHN STAIGE DAVIS, M. A., M. D.,
	Professor of Practice of Medicine and Pediatrics.
FRANCIS PERRY DUNNINGTON, B. S., C. E.,
	Professor of Practical Chemistry.
WILLIAM ALEXANDER LAMBETH, M. D., Ph. D.,
	Professor of Hygiene.
RICHARD HENRY WHITEHEAD, A. B., M. D.,	Professor of Anatomy.
CHARLES HENRY BUNTING, B. S., M. D.,
	Professor of Pathology and Pathologist to the University Hospital.
WILLIAM MANN RANDOLPH, M. D.,
	Professor of Gynecology and Principles of Surgery.
JAMES HAMILTON BROWNING, M. D.,
	Professor of Practice of Surgery and Abdominal Surgery.
WILLIAM DOUGLAS MACON, M. D.,	Professor of Obstetrics.
THEODORE HOUGH, Ph. D.,	Professor of Physiology.
JAMES CARROLL FLIPPIN, M. D.,
Adjunct Professor of Clinical Medicine and University Physician.
CHARLES METCALFE BYRNES, B. S., M. D.,
	Adjunct Professor of Anatomy.
ARTHUR E. AUSTIN, M. D.,
Adjunct Professor of Physiological Chemistry.
EDWARD MAY MAGRUDER, M. D.,
	Clinical Instructor in Physical Diagnosis.
HALSTEAD SHIPMAN HEDGES, M. A., M. D.,
	Clinical Instructor in Ophthalmic Surgery.
CHARLES SCOTT VENABLE, M. D.,
	Clinical Instructor in Dermatology.
HUGH THOMAS NELSON, M. D.,
	Clinical Instructor in Genito-Urinary Surgery.
MONTE LEWIS REA,	Clinical Instructor in Anæsthesia.
CARL MELOY, A. M., M. D.,	Instructor in Pathology.
JOHN ALDINE NORFORD, M. D.,	Instructor in Anatomy.
WILLIAM HALL GOODWIN, B. A.,	Assistant in Histology.
JOHN PIERPONT FLETCHER,	Assistant in Histology.
JOHN WOOLFOLK BURKE, M. D.,	House Surgeon.
JOHN LEWIS CRENSHAW, M. D.,	Assistant House Surgeon.
THOMAS WISTAR WHITE,	Dispensary Pharmacist.

Requirements for Admission to the Medical Department.—Applicants
for admission to the work of the first year of the Course in Medicine
are required to present the diploma of a recognized institution of collegiate
rank, a certificate of good standing in such an institution, the diploma
of a recognized public or private high school having at least a three
years' course, or acceptable certificates which represent work equivalent
in amount and character to such a high school course as defined by the
Virginia State Board of Public Instruction (see below); and, in addition,
to complete the college courses at this University in Physics, Inorganic
Chemistry, and Biology; or to present acceptable college certificates
showing that they have completed elsewhere courses in these subjects
equivalent to (though not necessarily identical with) those at this
institution, the validity of such certificates being decided by the professors
here in charge of the classes in these subjects.

The curriculum of a three-year high school as prescribed by the
Virginia State Board of Public Instruction is as follows:

FIRST YEAR.

Mathematics—5 periods a week. Advanced Arithmetic. Elementary Algebra
to Quadratics.

Science—3 periods a week. Physical Geography. Lessons in Botany.

History—3 periods a week. History of Greece, or History of Rome, or
Ancient History.

English—5 periods a week. Composition and Grammar; Classics.

Languages—5 periods a week. Any one of the following:

(a) Latin—Introductory Latin.

(b) German—Grammar and Composition. Easy Reading.

(d) Spanish—Grammar and Composition. Easy Reading.

SECOND YEAR.

Mathematics—5 periods a week. Elementary Algebra completed, and Plane
Geometry.

Science—3 periods a week. Elementary Agriculture and Lessons in
Botany and Zoölogy.

History—3 periods a week. Medieval and Modern History, with special
emphasis on points bearing on American History.

English—5 periods a week. Rhetoric and Composition; Classics.

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Languages—5 periods a week. Any one of the following:

(a) Latin—Three Books of Cæsar, or Nepos and Two Books of Cæsar,
or Viri Romæ and Two Books of Cæsar; Grammar and Composition.

(b) German—Grammar and Composition. Easy Reading.

(d) Spanish—Grammar and Composition. Easy Reading.

Note.—In a third grade high school, United States History may be
substituted for Medieval or Modern History. Where time permits, Drawing
should be given two periods a week in each year.

THIRD YEAR.

Mathematics—5 periods a week. Algebra and Geometry.

Science—3 periods a week. Elements of Physics and Elementary Agriculture,
or Elementary Chemistry and Elementary Agriculture.

Drawing—2 periods a week. Or Manual Training.

History—3 periods a week. English History. In a second grade high
school, American History and Civil Government shall be taught.

English—5 periods a week. Rhetoric, History of English Literature,
Classics.

Languages—5 periods a week. Any one of the following:

(a) Latin—Four Orations of Cicero, Grammar and Composition.

(b) German—Grammar Review and Syntax, German Classics.

(d) Spanish—Grammar Review and Syntax, Spanish Classics.

Bookkeeping and Business Forms.

If time permits, more than one of the above elective studies may be
taken. In high schools of two or more teachers other subjects may be
added if it can be done without infringing upon the time of required
subjects.

The above curriculum contains 65 "counts," a count being one period
per week for a school year. Of these subjects the applicant for admission
to the Medical Department must have completed the entire course of
three years in Mathematics and English, two years in language other than
English, two years in History, and one year in Science—49 counts in all.
The remaining 16 counts may be furnished at the option of the applicant
by further credits in the various branches of the curriculum.

Applicants unable to satisfy these requirements by acceptable certificates,
in part or in whole, may remove their deficiencies by satisfactory
examinations.

Further information concerning the character of these examinations
may be obtained by addressing the Dean of the University, or Mr. Howard
Winston, Registrar, at the University.

The work of each of the four years of the course in Medicine
continues through the nine months of the University session, beginning

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on the twelfth day of September and closing on the Saturday
immediately preceding the fifteenth day of the following June. The
studies included are arranged as follows:

During the first session: Medical Chemistry; Normal Histology
and Embryology; Descriptive Anatomy and Anatomy of Nervous
System; Physiological Chemistry.

During the second session: Physiology; Bacteriology; Pathology;
Anatomy; Pharmacognosy.

During the third session: Obstetrics; Materia Medica; Practice
of Medicine; Surgery; Clinical Diagnosis; Diseases of the Eye and
Ear; Dispensary Clinics.

During the fourth session: Neurology; Pediatrics; Therapeutics;
Hygiene; Abdominal Surgery; Dermatology; Gynecology; Medical
Jurisprudence; Dispensary and Hospital Clinics.

An examination of this system will show that the work of the
first year is given to those sciences which are fundamental to the
entire work of the remaining part of the course; that of the second
year includes the study of those sciences, more distinctively medical,
which are based upon the work of the previous year, while they in
turn underlie the more strictly professional subjects of study; these
latter are begun in the second year, while the third and fourth years
are devoted wholly to them. The larger part of the work of the
first year is accompanied by practical work in the laboratory; the
same is true in great measure of the work of the second year, while
in the third, and especially the fourth year, the time of the student
is devoted largely to practical clinical instruction. The facilities
afforded by the University for such work will be more fully described
in the statements which follow concerning the different subjects included
in the course.

Relations of the Student in the Second and Succeeding Years.—
For the purposes of this Department the attainment of a grade of
eighty per cent. upon a subject is regarded as satisfactory, and students
who obtain such grades are excused from further attendance
upon the subjects in question. Students who attain a grade less than
eighty per cent. but as much as seventy per cent. on one or more subjects
are entitled to admission to the Fall Examinations of the following
session as explained in a subsequent paragraph, when deficiencies
may be removed by satisfactory examinations. Those who receive a
grade of less than seventy per cent. on one or more subjects are
regarded as having failed thereon, and are required to take such subject
or subjects over during the succeeding year, without, however,
the payment of any additional fee. Students whose failures extend
to all the subjects of a given year are not permitted to go on to the
work of the succeeding year, but are required to confine themselves
to a repetition of the work of the year upon which they have failed.

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Students will not be allowed to undertake the work of the third or fourth
year until they have completed that of the first year, save by special
consent of the Medical Faculty based in each case upon a careful examination
of the student's real interest.

A student may not be examined upon the entire course in any
subject more than three times. Failure upon the third trial involves
withdrawal from the Department of Medicine.

Advanced Standing.—Students are admitted to advanced standing
in the second and third years under the following conditions:

1. Satisfaction of the requirements for entrance into this Department.

2. The presentation of a certificate from an accredited school of
medicine showing that the applicant has completed work equivalent
to that maintained by this Department with a grade of at least eighty
per cent. in each subject for which credit is sought. Applicants complying
with these conditions will be admitted to advanced standing
without examination. Applicants who have not completed all of the
work of the year or years preceding that to which they seek admission
are admitted to the Fall Examinations under the conditions stated
in the preceding paragraph. The right is reserved in every case to
obtain satisfactory evidence of the genuineness of a certificate by
correspondence with the proper authority of the school from which the
applicant comes.

No credit can be allowed for time not spent in a regular school
of medicine; except that applicants holding the degree of A. B. or
B. S. from a reputable college or university will be admitted to the
second year, provided their academic course has included the equivalent
of the first-year medical course.

A student who is already a graduate of a reputable school of medicine
may be received as a student in this Department for the fourth year.

Certificates of Attendance.—Students who attend the whole regular
course of one or more of the four years are entitled to certificates
of attendance.

Requirements for Graduation.—The degree of Doctor of Medicine
is conferred by the University of Virginia upon candidates who have
complied with the entrance requirements of this Department; attended
a regular medical course of four years of at least eight months each,
the last two of which must have been at this institution; and passed
satisfactory examinations upon all of the subjects included in the
medical course.

Examinations.—These are in writing, accompanied in most subjects
by individual practical examinations. The regular examinations are held
during the session. In addition, examinations are held each year during

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the week immediately preceding the beginning of lectures. To the latter
are admitted:

1. Students of the previous session, who from illness or other
equivalent cause approved by the faculty, were unable to present
themselves for examination in any particular subject at the regular time.

2. Students who at the regular examination of the preceding
year have attained a grade less than eighty per cent. but as much as
seventy per cent. on one or more subjects, as explained in a preceding
paragraph.

3. Certain applicants for advanced standing, as explained in the
paragraph under that heading.

The Fall Examinations for 1907-8 begin September ninth, and
close September fourteenth. Application for admission to them should
be made in writing to Dr. R. H. Whitehead, Dean of the Department
of Medicine, not later than September first.

A General Oral Examination for Graduation is held at the close of
the session on all the different branches on which the candidate for
the degree of Medicine has passed during either that session or some
preceding one. This is intended to test the permanent acquisition
of such general knowledge as every practitioner of medicine should
possess.

Expenses.—The tuition fees are $110 for the first year, $100 for
the second year, $80 for the third year, and $60 for the fourth year.
The annual expenses exclusive of tuition are $40 for the University
fee (which entitles the student to the use of the library, the gymnasium,
to medical attention, etc.), an average of about $200 for living
expenses, and of $20 for books. The special fees for single subjects
are, Medical Chemistry, $30; Histology and Embryology (including
materials), $35; Anatomy (including materials), $45; Pathology, $25; Bacteriology, $35; Physiology, $30; Materia Medica, $20; Therapeutics,
$10; Embryology, $10; Obstetrics (with manikin work), $20;
Gynecology, $20; Surgery, $20; Practice of Medicine, $30; Clinical
Diagnosis, $10; Dermatology and Diseases of the Eye and Ear, $15;
Hygiene, $10; Medical Jurisprudence, $10; Clinics (collectively), $30.

CHEMISTRY.

Professor Mallet.

Professor Dunnington.

In this course the students are taught Chemical Physics and the
general principles of Chemistry, and are carried through a course of
Descriptive Chemistry, inorganic and organic; their attention is
directed, whenever an occasion presents itself, to the application of

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chemical principles to Physiology, the Practice of Medicine, Therapeutics,
Toxicology, and Sanitary Science.

A course of laboratory exercises in Practical Chemistry, with especial
relation to the needs of the medical student, is given by Professor
Dunnington, and is a part of the prescribed general course in Medicine.

☞ An important change in the programme of this School is in contemplation,
and will probably become effective for next session (that of
1907-8). Due notice of this will be given by a separate published circular
at as early a date as possible.

HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY.

Professor Tuttle.	Mr. Goodwin.
Adjunct Professor Flippin.	Mr. Fletcher.

Each lecture of the course is accompanied by two hours of
practical work in the laboratory illustrative of the topics discussed.
The laboratory is convenient, well lighted, and amply equipped;
thirty desks are provided with microscopes, accessory apparatus, and all
necessary reagents, and the class is divided into working sections not
exceeding that number; desks are assigned by lot at the opening of the
session, and apparatus issued as needed from time to time. Each student
is required to provide himself with a section razor, a set of dissecting
instruments, and with slides, covers, and labels for microscopical preparations;
all other appliances are provided by the laboratory without
charge.

The lectures of the course are devoted in part to the allied subjects
of Histology and Histological Anatomy, and in part to Embryology.
In the first part of this division of the course the tissues
and their component elements are carefully examined, both singly
and in their primary aggregations, as are also those organs which
consist largely of one form of tissue. This is followed by a discussion
of the essential structure of the animal cell and of the phenomena
of cell-division. The reproductive elements, the process of fertilization,
and the formation of the blastoderm and its primary layers
are then considered. The remainder of the course is devoted to an
examination of the more complex organs and systems of organs,
their constituent tissues and the relations between them being studied;
and to a description of the embryological development of each system
in connection with the study of its adult structure.

The attainments of the student are tested by both written and
practical examinations; his standing for the year is determined by
an average of the total marks received.

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ANATOMY.

Professor Whitehead.	Dr. Norford.
Adjunct Professor Byrnes.

The course of study in this subject extends through the whole of
the first year and the first six months of the second year. It is divided as
follows:

Anatomy 1.—This consists of a systematic study of the bones, joints,
and viscera; on the completion of which a "part" (either the head and
neck, upper extremity and thorax, or lower extremity and abdomen) is
assigned to each student for dissection and study.

Anatomy 2.—This consists of the study, in some detail, of the
anatomy of the central nervous system, both gross and microscopic. It
is pursued during the last ten weeks of the first year.

Anatomy 3.—During the first six months of the second year each
student finishes his study of the structure of the body by dissecting the
two parts which he did not dissect during his first year.

Throughout the course there are occasional lectures, frequent quizzes
and demonstrations, and several written examinations. Much importance
is attached to the daily work in the laboratory.

PHYSIOLOGY.

Professor Hough.

Dr. Austin.

The work in Physiology begins in the spring term of the first year
with the fundamentals of physiological chemistry. Occasional lectures and
frequent recitations are accompanied by extensive laboratory work, for
which ample facilities are provided. The student is expected to acquire
during this term a practical acquaintance with the more important compounds
occurring in the body, especially with their chemical structure,
relation and reactions. Practical laboratory tests during the course, as
well as a written examination at the end, are required.

During the second year functional physiology is studied;—the blood
and lymph; muscle and nerve; the circulation; respiration; alimentation,
digestion, and nutrition; the sense organs, and the central nervous
system. The subject is taught by lectures, recitations, demonstrations, and
constant laboratory work.

The applications of physiology to personal hygiene are discussed in
conferences. The satisfactory completion of the laboratory work is as
necessary to a clear record in this school as is the passing of a final
examination.

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BACTERIOLOGY.

Professor Bunting.

Dr. Meloy.

Bacteriology is taught as a laboratory subject during the fall term
of the second year. In it the students are acquainted with the methods
of the modern bacteriological laboratory, through their actual employment,
and acquire a working knowledge of the more important pathogenic
organisms. The laboratory is well equipped with the apparatus necessary
for such a course.

The practical laboratory work is supplemented by lectures and
recitations on the general biology of bacteria, on their relation to infection
and disease, and on immunity.

PATHOLOGY.

Professor Bunting.

Dr. Meloy.

The course in Pathology is a direct continuation of the course in
Bacteriology, instruction being given in it from the Christmas recess until
the close of the year. Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Histology
are taught in the laboratory by the study of gross and microscopic specimens
following a descriptive lecture, and with personal demonstration by
the instructing staff. The principles of General Pathology which cannot
be fully treated in the laboratory are considered in lectures and recitations
throughout the course.

The conduct of autopsies and the recording of results are taught in
the post mortem service at the University Hospital.

An optional course in Surgical Pathology and Pathological Technique
is offered to second year students.

OBSTETRICS.

Professor Macon.

This subject is presented to the student by lectures, with frequent
oral examinations, by a series of manikin demonstrations, by work
with the living subject in the wards of the Hospital, and by attendance
on patients in the out-patient obstetric service connected with the
Dispensary.

The manikin course forms an important part of the work not
only for teaching presentation, position and posture, but also the
mechanism of normal and abnormal labor, and application of forceps.
The class is divided into sections of five each, and a knowledge of the
manikin work will form a part of the examination for graduation in
this department.

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After a section has finished the manikin course, it is taken into
the wards of the Hospital where the methods of examination, particularly
abdominal palpation, are practised on the living subject.
Each section is required to fill up a carefully prepared form so that
all the details of the case of the patient before labor is made familiar
to the student.

The number of out-patient cases is increasing year by year and
is becoming an important part of the teaching. The clinical assistant
in obstetrics is prepared at any time to accompany a student to the
home of a patient, and is provided with the necessary armamentarium
for conducting a case. The large negro population in the
neighborhood of Charlottesville affords a class of patients which
presents all the difficulties to clean work that are offered by ignorance
and poverty. No better practice can be had for one who is trying
to educate an "aseptic center." If asepsis can be secured in a hovel it
can be preserved in a palace. The student is thus taught how to
manage cases by himself and at the same time avoids falling into the
slovenly habits he is sure to form without proper guidance.

PHARMACOGNOSY.

Professor Lambeth.

The Department is provided with a good collection of drugs, both
crude and prepared, with which the students are made familiar as dealt
with in the lectures. Exercises in prescription-writing are given weekly
for several months, these exercises being required both in the ordinary
English or apothecary system and the French or metric system. The
course is in part a laboratory course, students working in sections
which vary in size according to the work in hand. The practical experience
given is intended to acquaint the student as thoroughly as
possible with the physical and chemical properties of the materials used in
the treatment of disease, to which he will find it much easier to add the
physiological action, than if he had approached the subject first from the
medical side.

SURGERY.

Professor Randolph.

Professor Browning.

General Surgery, embracing the Principles of Surgery, Surgical
Diseases, Surgical Diagnosis, and Orthopedic Surgery, is taught in a series
of lectures given three times a week extending throughout the third year.
Amputations and ligations, the application of splints, bandages and
apparatus for the different fractures, are shown upon the cadaver. This is
supplemented by daily surgical clinics conducted in the amphitheater and
wards of the Hospital by Professors Randolph and Browning.

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Each student is required to pass a practical examination on the
application of splints and bandages in addition to the regular written
examination upon the subject.

ABDOMINAL SURGERY.

Professor Browning.

A series of lectures upon the principles of this subject is given
during the latter half of the fourth year. Methods and procedures
difficult of demonstration in the surgical amphitheater are illustrated to
the class in small sections upon cadavers and the lower animals.

Students are required to act as assistants in laparotomies as a part
of their instruction in this courese.

PRACTICE OF MEDICINE.

Professor Davis.	Dr. Magruder.
Adjunct Professor Flippin.

The Theory and Practice of Medicine is taught in a systematic
course of lectures, which are supplemented by clinical teaching at the
Dispensary and Hospital, during the third and fourth years.

Neurology is taken up in the fourth year, and in connection with it
instruction in electro-therapeutics is given.

The students of the graduating class are taken daily in sections
through the wards of the Hospital and individually instructed on the
cases present. At the Dispensary case histories are taken and management
indicated by the students of the third and fourth years, whose
methods and results are then criticised by the teacher.

A practical examination in diagnosis and treatment is required of
each student at the end of his last session.

PEDIATRICS.

Professor Davis.

This course of lectures is intended to point out in a brief way how
disease is modified by childhood and to indicate how the difficulties of
diagnosis and treatment due to an early age may be best encountered. The
student is taught how to prepare food for infants. Instruction in the
practical details of the subject will be given as far as possible by work
in the wards of the Hospital.

MATERIA MEDICA.

Professor Barringer.

This course embraces not only the most important drugs of the last
revision of the U. S. Pharmacopœia, but also such members of the newer
materia medica as bid fair to become official. In addition to the physiological
action of the drugs, stress is laid upon the chemistry of all active
principles that may influence their administration or combination.

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CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS.

Adjunct Professor Flippin.

The purpose of this course is to familiarize the student with modern
laboratory methods as applied to the diagnosis of disease. The systematic
examination of blood, sputum, vomitus, urine, fæces, exudates,
transudates and milk is first practiced; after which, specimens from
selected cases in the wards of the Hospital are studied with reference
to the application of information thus obtained to the recognition of
specific diseases.

THERAPEUTICS.

Professor Barringer.

The subject of Therapeutics is taken up among the studies of the
fourth year. The range of the work embraces both general and special
therapeutics, whether rational or empirical, but a constant effort will
be made throughout to trace those general underlying principles, the
existence of which alone enables this subject to be called a science. The
method pursued will be that of taking up in order the perversions of the
various organs and functions rather than the specific forms of disease.

HYGIENE.

Professor Lambeth.

The course begins with an historical sketch of the development of
preventive medicine, including short biographical sketches of the pioneers
of Hygiene. With this introduction the story of the natural history
of contagious and infectious diseases, modes of propagation and methods
of prevention engage the attention of the student. With this preparation,
the chemical and bacteriological contamination of food, water, air, and
soil is made an important study. Instruction is also begun in the proper
location and construction of habitations, hospitals, schoolhouses, etc., with
especial reference to the modern methods of heating, ventilating and
draining. Notice is taken of the special relations involved in military
and naval hygiene.

DISEASES OF THE EYE AND EAR.

Professor Barringer.

Dr. Hedges.

The study of the Diseases of the Eye and Ear is here solely from
the standpoint of the general practitioner. No attempt is made to
prepare a "specialist" and no instruction is given in refraction. In the
belief, however, that a good practitioner should have a reasonable
knowledge of any disease he is likely to meet, a two months' course
on the above subjects is given. The elementary use of the ophthalmoscope

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as an instrument of diagnosis, as well as the use of the head
mirror, etc., is practically taught.

GYNECOLOGY.

Professor Randolph.

In Gynecology instruction is given by lectures and recitations, and
the plastic operations necessary to repair injuries of the pelvic structures
are shown during the course. Practical training in the details of gynecological
treatment is given at the Dispensary.

MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE.

Professor Mallet.

In this course the student is instructed in the principles of the
science, and taught how to apply these principles when he is summoned
as a witness in a court of law.

DERMATOLOGY.

Professor Barringer.

Dr. Venable.

A brief course of lectures is given on this subject, embodying a consideration
of the commoner diseases met with in general practice. At the
Dispensary one clinic a week throughout the session is devoted to the diseases
of the skin and a fair working knowledge of the subject is thus
obtained by the student.

CLINICAL INSTRUCTION.

Dr. Davis.	Dr. Browning.
Dr. Magruder.	Dr. Venable.
Dr. Randolph.	Dr. Macon
Dr. Hedges.	Dr. Nelson.
Dr. Flippin.	Dr. Burke.
Dr. Rea.	Dr. Crenshaw.

DISPENSARY.

The Dispensary has been remodeled and refitted along modern lines
so that the material is utilized for purposes of instruction to a much
greater extent than is usually done in clinical teaching. The amphitheater
is so arranged that no student is over fifteen feet from the
clinical chair, and each can thus understand and appreciate all that is
shown him. Sections of the graduating class assemble in turn before the
hour for the clinic and examine the cases, on which they report and are
questioned by the instructor. A record is kept of their proficiency in
this respect; to which special importance is attached when estimating
their fitness for graduation. About fifteen hundred cases are treated each

186

year. There is a daily clinic at the Dispensary, in each case occupying the
entire afternoon, distributed through the week as follows:

Monday,	Dr. Davis,	Medical.
Tuesday,	Dr. Venable,	Dermatologic.
Wednesday,	Dr. Magruder,	Medical (Physical Diagnosis).
Thursday,	Dr. Randolph,	Gynecological.
Friday,	Dr. Hedges,	Ophthalmic.
Saturday,	Dr. Nelson,	Genito-urinary.

In addition to the work at the Dispensary, the class in sections
have seen numerous important surgical operations outside (besides those
at the Hospital), under the care of the clinical teachers. A large number
of the students have been in a similar manner brought into intimate
contact with cases of serious illness of various kinds. In obstetrical work,
most of the class have been able to see at least one case each, while some
members have had as many as eight or nine cases; it is believed that more
systematic arrangements can now be made, and that in the future every
member of the class can have one or more cases during the session.
Regular attendance upon the daily clinics is required in the last two
years of the course.

THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HOSPITAL.

This hospital is the property of the University and is under the
exclusive control of its Medical Faculty. It was designed and is administered
as a teaching hospital, being so arranged that free use can be
made of its clinical material without in any way disturbing or violating
the privacy of other patients.

The buildings are arranged upon the pavilion system, consisting of
a central structure four stories in height, devoted to the purposes of
administration. This building contains, on the main floor, reception and
consultation rooms; an amphitheater, with sterilizing and anæsthetizing
rooms attached, and an X-ray room. The upper floors furnish accommodation
for the nurses of the training school, while the basement contains
the heating plant, laundry, kitchen, etc. From this building corridors
three stories in height lead out to the wards. These wards, having a
capacity of about 18 beds each, are beautifully lighted, have direct indirect
hot water radiators, and forced ventilation. Opening from each ward on
the east, is a large protected porch, of great value to convalescents.
The South wing is complete and has been in use for several years. The
North wing, now in process of construction, will be completed and equipped
by the beginning of the coming session (1907-08). This will give the
hospital a capacity of about 120 beds. The equipment throughout is new
and conforms in all respects to the best usage of the day.

During the past year the number of patients has steadily increased
and the range of influence of the hospital has been greatly widened,
patients being received from all parts of the state.

187

Attention is particularly called to the fact that this hospital, with
its associated dispensary, constitutes a valuable adjunct to the teaching
facilities of the Medical School. The variety of cases presented, and more
especially the opportunities offered for a thorough study of the individual
case, afford unusually satisfactory conditions for clinical instruction.

HOSPITAL STAFF.

Board of Control: Drs. Whitehead, Barringer, Davis, Browning,
Randolph, Bunting, Macon, Flippin.
Visiting Staff: Drs. Barringer, Davis, Magruder, Randolph, Browning,
Venable, Hedges, Flippin, Compton, Nelson and Rea.
Medical Superintendent: Dr. Barringer.
House Surgeon: Dr. Burke.
Assistant House Surgeon: Dr. Crenshaw.
Superintendent of Nurses: Miss Florence Eugenia Besley.
Head Nurse: Miss Isla Bragg.
Dietician: Miss Grace Adel Besley.

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HOSPITAL
TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSES.

This School was established in 1901 and turned out its first graduating
class in June, 1903. Its aim is to give young women, desirous of
acquiring the art of nursing, the same care and thorough training in
their calling which is now afforded young men studying the science
of medicine. Instruction in the primary branches of medicine is given
to pupil-nurses by the professors in the medical department of the
University of Virginia, while the clinical instructors at the University
Hospital give lectures upon their respective courses. Three years is
the required time for graduation, and all candidates must enter prepared
to go through the full course of instruction and hospital training.

Candidates for the school should apply in their own handwriting
to the Superintendent of Nurses, University Hospital, Charlottesville,
Va. These applications must be accompanied by certificates of good
character, good health and sufficient education to profit by the instruction
offered. No candidate under twenty-one years of age, or over thirty-five,
will be received.

Pupil Nurses: Misses Elizabeth Baker, Caroline Bragg, Evelyn
Mackreth, Georgia Nottingham, Caroline Watson, Myrtle Smith, Willie
Morrow, Fannie Fry.

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HOSPITAL
NURSES' EXCHANGE.

Misses Virginia Bailey, Grace Herndon, Mary Jones, Alice Leathers,
Robinette Thompkins, Ada Wilton, Emma Wood, Lyla Brockenbrough.

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DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING.

EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D. C. L., LL. D.,	President.
WILLIAM MYNN THORNTON, LL. D.,	Dean.

FRANCIS HENRY SMITH, M. A., LL. D.,
	Professor of Natural Philosophy.
WILLIAM MORRIS FONTAINE, M. A.,
	Professor of Geology and Mineralogy.
WILLIAM MYNN THORNTON, LL. D.,
	Professor of Applied Mathematics.
FRANCIS PERRY DUNNINGTON, B. S., C. E.,
	Professor of Analytical Chemistry.
JOHN WILLIAM MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., F. R. S.,
	Professor of General and Industrial Chemistry.
WILLIAM HOLDING ECHOLS, B. S., C. E.,
	Professor of Pure Mathematics.
JAMES MORRIS PAGE, M. A., Ph. D.,
	Professor of Pure Mathematics.
LEWIS LITTLEPAGE HOLLADAY B. S.,
	Adjunct Professor of Electrical Engineering.
CHARLES MILLAR McKERGOW, M. S.,
	Adjunct Professor of Mechanical Engineering.
JOHN LLOYD NEWCOMB, A. B., C. E.,
	Adjunct Professor of Civil Engineering.
LLEWELLYN GRIFFITH HOXTON, M. A., B. S.,
	Adjunct Professor of Physics.

JOHN WINFREE WEST,	Instructor in Drawing.
WALTER JONES LAIRD,	Instructor in Shop-Work.
ELBERT ABRAHAM FRÜTH,	Assistant Instructor in Shop-Work.
G. F. RADCLIFFE JACKSON,	Assistant Instructor in Shop-Work.
MARSHALL GOODE HOMES,	Superintendent of Tool-Room.

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ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS.

The primary requisite for success in the studies of this Department is
adequate preparation. To insure this, students are examined in the
following subjects:

1. English, including grammar, composition, elementary rhetoric,
and courses of reading equivalent to those prescribed from year to year
by the Association of Colleges and Preparatory Schools of the Southern
States.

2. Arithmetic and Algebra, including a complete course in numerical
Arithmetic and Algebra through Quadratics. Equations and problems will
be given involving not one unknown only, but two or more.

3. Plane Geometry, embracing the whole of the usual five books (the
mensuration of the circle being included). Not only the classical propositions
of the text-books will be required, but original exercises will also
be set.

4. Solid Geometry and Elementary Plane Trigonometry, embracing
the usual propositions in Solid Geometry on planes and lines, prisms and
pyramids, the regular polyhedra, and the three round bodies, with Spherical
Geometry; also the fundamental principles of Plane Trigonometry and their
application to the solution of triangles and the reduction of trigonometrical
formulæ.

The applicant may substitute for the last of these examinations any one
of the Entrance Electives as given in the General Catalogue. The substitution
is not, however, advised. Ample mathematical preparation is most desirable.

Applicants for admission may present in lieu of the above examinations
equivalent certificates from some accredited preparatory school.
Such certificates must guarantee the adequacy of the student's preliminary
training.

From and after June 1st, 1908, the revised entrance requirements
will be in force. A special circular giving the details of the new requirements
will be sent on application.

The regular entrance examinations are held at the University in
June (1907, 4th-7th) and in September (1907, 10th-13th). Certificates of
preparation should be submitted to the Dean of the University not later
than September 1st. Sample Entrance Examination papers will be furnished
on request.

For admission as a student the age of the applicant must be at
least sixteen years. A certificate of honorable discharge from the school
last attended by him or other evidence of general good conduct must be
presented. Candidates, who have furnished such certificates, and have
satisfied the entrance requirements as above stated, will be registered
by the Dean with the concurrence of their several professors as students

190

of Engineering. The formal registration must be made during the first
four days of the session (1907, September 11th-14th). Late entrance
is forbidden except by special consent of the President and then with an
additional fee.

The lectures begin on the first Monday of the session, on and after
which day all classes meet in exact accordance with the official schedule.
No excuse for absence at lecture or other required exercise will be
granted, except by reason of sickness or upon the written leave of the
Dean. The laws of the University require from every student regular
and diligent application to his studies, as well as decorous, sober, and
upright conduct, as long as he remains a member of the school, whether
he be within the precincts or not. It any student fails to fulfil the purposes
for which he ought to have come to the University and be not
likely to fulfil them, the Dean will inform him of the objections to his
conduct and afford him reasonable opportunity of defense and amendment.
If the student continues delinquent, the Faculty will request his
withdrawal.

METHODS OF INSTRUCTION.

The Department of Engineering is conducted by a Faculty of sixteen
professors and other instructors. It furnishes complete four-year courses
leading to degrees in each of the four great divisions of Engineering—
Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, and Mining. Their common basis is the
axiom that clear understanding and firm grasp of scientific principles
furnish the only sure foundation for the labors of the modern scientific
engineer. Their aim is to secure:

First, thorough drill in Pure and Applied Mathematics, without
which no engineer can justly pretend to a sound knowledge of his profession.

Second, broad, accurate and thorough training in those Pure and
Applied Sciences, of which rational engineering is simply the concrete
expression.

Third, adequate knowledge of the Special Elective Topics, which
constitute the subject matter of each great division of Engineering
Science.

The methods of instruction employed to effect this aim are thorough,
rational, and modern. The courses are given by the joint use
of text-books and lectures. They are made objective by parallel practical
courses in the drafting room, the shop, the laboratory and the field.
They are enforced by daily oral examinations, by frequent written reviews,
by copious exercises in drafting and computation, and by abundant
illustration from experiments and specimens. At the end of each term
the student's mastery of the course is tested by a rigid written examination,
and his fitness for graduation is judged by the combined result of

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term work and examination grades. The object pursued throughout is
to give to the thoughtful student an intelligent mastery of scientific
method and with this aim in view certain departures have been made
from the more ordinary routine processes of engineering education.

The Drafting Exercises are not separated from and independent of
the theoretical studies, designed to give merely a technical mastery of
the draftman's tools. They run parallel with the lecture course, and
are used to illustrate and enforce its lessons. Each problem assigned is
made, if possible, an exercise not only in drawing but in design, and serves
to cultivate power of analysis as well as manual skill.

The Shop-work is planned for engineers and not for artisans. The
equipment is of the best quality, but the time and energies of the student
are not wasted on too extended a course. Enough is done to give intelligent
ideas as to constructive materials and shop methods, and the manual
dexterity necessary for laboratory research is in some measure secured.
After that the student turns to higher problems.

The Laboratory Exercises begin with the beginning of the Student's
work and continue to the end. Like the drafting exercises they run parallel
with the lecture course, or are the objective prelude to it. As far as is
possible each student verifies for himself by actual tests and measurements
the fundamental laws of engineering science.

In Field-work enough practice is required from every student to give
him clear understanding and ready use of the standard field instruments.
Students of Civil Engineering have ample practice in the later years of the
course, in conjunction with the special elective topics pursued by them.

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

The following condensed summary gives by title the various courses
of instruction offered in the Engineering Department, arranged in an
orderly curriculum of four years. Those courses, for which no special
note is given, must be taken by all candidates for degrees. The special
elective courses are in each case followed by a note, showing the degree
for which they are required. The name of the professor and the lecture
hour follow in brackets after each title; Arabic numbers are for lectures
on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday; Roman for lectures on Tuesday,
Thursday, and Saturday.

The courses are so ordered that the specified entrance requirements
are adequate for the work of the First Year. Each succeeding year presupposes
the completion of the work for all the foregoing years. Students
are advised to adhere strictly to the regular programmes. The arrangements
specified in them have been carefully planned and are the best.
Haphazard election is discouraged and in extreme cases will be prohibited.
No student will be registered for a course unless in the opinion both
of the Dean and of the professor his preliminary training has fitted him
for the successful pursuit of that course.

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FIRST YEAR.

Pure Mathematics 1. [Page, X.]

FIRST TERM.—Geometrical Exercises. Solid Geometry.

SECOND TERM.—Plane and Spherical Trigonometry.

THIRD TERM.—Higher Algebra. Theory of Equations.

Applied Mathematics 1. [Thornton, 10.]

FIRST TERM.—Practical Plane Geometry. Descriptive Geometry.

SECOND TERM.—Shades, Shadows, and Perspective.

THIRD TERM.—Plane Surveying.

Chemistry 1. [Mallet, X.]

FIRST TERM.—Introduction to Chemical Physics. Atomic Theory.

SECOND TERM.—Inorganic Chemistry.

THIRD TERM.—Introduction to Organic Chemistry.

Drawing 1. [Instructor, XII-II.]

FIRST TERM.—Mechanical Drawing. Projection Drawing.

SECOND TERM.—Shades, Shadows, and Perspectives.

THIRD TERM.—Plan and Map Drawing. Lettering.

Shop and Field Work 1. [Instructors; afternoon hours.]

FIRST TERM.—Wood Shop.

SECOND TERM.—Pattern Shop.

THIRD TERM.—Field Work.

Chemical Laboratory.

Exercises will be given in Chemical Manipulation and Inorganic Chemistry.
These run parallel to the lecture course and consume six hours
a week during each term.

The studies of this First Year are designed to embrace those disciplines
which are most necessary for the young engineer, whether he stand at the
beginning of professional study or at the beginning of practical life. The
student, who completes them creditably, can draw respectably, handle a field
instrument with intelligence and accuracy, keep his notes properly, and
execute a decent map, the tasks ordinarily confided to assistant engineers.

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SECOND YEAR.

Pure Mathematics 2. [Echols, 11.]

FIRST TERM.—Analytical Geometry.

SECOND TERM.—Differential Calculus.

THIRD TERM.—Integral Calculus.

Applied Mathematics 2. [Thornton, X.]

FIRST TERM.—Introduction to General Mechanics.

SECOND TERM.—Graphical Statics. Analysis of Structures.

THIRD TERM.—Elements of Steam Engineering.

Experimental Physics. [Smith, XI.]

FIRST TERM.—Experimental Mechanics of Solids and Fluids.

SECOND TERM.—Heat and Electricity.

THIRD TERM.—Sound and Light.

Drawing 2. [Instructor, 12-2.]

FIRST TERM.—Elementary Structural Drawing.

SECOND TERM.—Graphical Statics and Structural Design.

THIRD TERM.—Elementary Machine Drawing and Design.

Shop-Work 2. [Instructors; afternoon hours.]

FIRST TERM.—Machine Shop.

SECOND TERM.—Foundry.

Mechanical Laboratory 1. [McKergow and Newcomb; afternoon hours.]

FIRST TERM.—Tests of Cement and Timber.

SECOND TERM.—Strength and Elasticity of Iron and Steel.

THIRD TERM.—Steam Engine Tests.

The foregoing courses contain the fundamenta of education in the
Applied Sciences and are taken in common by all students of Engineering.
The succeeding years are largely devoted to the specialized elective
courses, which deal with the subject matter of professional practice in the
various branches of Engineering. In these courses only such students are
admitted as have an adequate preliminary training in Pure Mathematics, in
Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, and in Drawing and Design.

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THIRD YEAR.

Applied Mathematics 3. [Thornton, IX.]

FIRST TERM.—Strength of Materials.

SECOND TERM.—Hydrostatics and Hydraulics.

THIRD TERM.—Hydraulic Motors, Pumps, and Power Plants.

Geology 1. [Fontaine, 9.] Required for C. E. and E. M.

FIRST TERM.—Dynamical Geology.

SECOND TERM.—Structural Geology.

THIRD TERM.—Historical Geology.

Electricity 1. [Hoxton, 10.] Required for E. E.

FIRST TERM.—Elementary Electricity and Magnetism.

SECOND TERM.—Mathematical Theory of Electricity.

THIRD TERM.—Magnetic Induction in Metals.

Civil Engineering 1. [Newcomb, 11.] Required for C. E.

FIRST TERM.—Railway Location and Construction.

SECOND TERM.—Bridge Stresses. Graphical Analysis of Trusses.

THIRD TERM.—Bridge Design, Detailing and Drafting.

Mechanical Engineering 1. [McKergow, XII.] Required for M. E.

FIRST TERM.—Theory of Steam and Gas Engines.

SECOND TERM.—Machine Kinematics and Machine Design.

THIRD TERM.—Construction, Design, and Operation of Steam Boilers.

Electrical Engineering 1. [Holladay, 11.] Required for E. E. and M. E.

FIRST TERM.—Electrical Measurements; Direct Currents.

SECOND TERM.—Direct Current Machinery; Dynamo Design.

THIRD TERM.—Introduction to Alternating Currents.

Analytical Chemistry 1. [Dunnington, X.] Required for E. M.

FIRST TERM.—Manipulation; Blowpipe analysis; Fire assays.

SECOND TERM.—Inorganic Qualitative Analysis.

THIRD TERM.—Determinative Mineralogy. Quantitative Analysis.

Shop-Work 3. [Instructors; afternoon hours.] Required for M. E.

FIRST TERM.—Forge Shop.

SECOND TERM.—Machine Shop.

Mechanical Laboratory 2. [McKergow and Newcomb; afternoon hours.]

FIRST TERM.—Strength and Elasticity of Structural Materials.

SECOND TERM.—Gas engine tests and fuel tests.

THIRD TERM.—Hydrographic Surveys; Hydraulic Measurements.

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FOURTH YEAR.

Applied Mathematics 4. [Thornton, 9.]

FIRST TERM.—Kinematics. General Principles of Dynamics.

SECOND TERM.—Statics. Dynamics of a Particle.

THIRD TERM.—Dynamics of a Rigid Body.

Chemistry 2. [Mallet, 3.]

FIRST TERM.—Industrial Chemistry of the Metals.

SECOND TERM.—Building Materials and Explosives.

THIRD TERM.—Fuels, Paints, Oils, Dyes, etc.

Geology 2. [Fontaine, IX.] Required for E. M.

FIRST TERM.—Crystallography; Descriptive Mineralogy.

SECOND TERM.—Stratigraphic Geology. Lithology.

THIRD TERM.—Paleontology. Field Geology.

Civil Engineering 2. [Newcomb, XI.] Required for C. E.

FIRST TERM.—Masonry Construction.

SECOND TERM.—Waterworks and Sewers.

THIRD TERM.—Roads, Streets, and Pavements.

Mechanical Engineering 2. [McKergow, I.] Required for M. E.

FIRST TERM.—Hydraulic Machinery.

SECOND TERM.—Mechanical Power Plants.

THIRD TERM.—Locomotive Engineering.

Electrical Engineering 2. [Holladay, XI.] Required for E. E.

FIRST TERM.—A. C. Generators and Transformers.

SECOND TERM.—A. C. Phenomena; Induction Motors.

THIRD TERM.—Electrical Power Plants; Photometry.

Mining Engineering. [Thornton, I.] Required for E. M.

FIRST TERM.—Exploitation of Mines.

SECOND TERM.—Mining Machinery.

THIRD TERM.—Electricity in Mining.

Thesis Work.

Every candidate for a degree in Engineering will be required at
the beginning of his graduating year to submit to the Dean some subject
for independent study suited to the student's especial course and aims.
After such subject has been approved by the Dean and the Professor

196

in charge, the student will be expected to carry out for himself the necessary
literary and laboratory researches and to present his results in the
form of a thesis. Such thesis must be typewritten on standard sheets,
bound in a proper cover, and handed in for final approval not later than
May 25th. All necessary computations and drawings must accompany the
thesis. Serious weight will be given to this work in estimating the
student's fitness for graduation.

EQUIPMENT.

The equipment of the Engineering Department for the work of
instruction includes shops, laboratories and museums, an excellent outfit
of field instruments, and ample facilities for engineering drawing.

SHOPS.

The Wood-shop contains a full outfit of hand-tools, lathes for
ordinary turning and for pattern-making, machine-saws for ripping and
slitting and cross-cutting, band-saw, jig-saw, planer, jointer, and trimmer.

The Machine-shop is supplied with the necessary hand-tools for
bench-work, engine lathes, planer, shaper, sensitive drill, power drill,
universal milling machine, universal grinding machine, cut-off saw, gas
forge for tempering tools, and the accessory instruments needed for exact
work in metals. Two new engine lathes of the finest construction have
been recently added to the equipment.

The Forge-shop has a full outfit of smith's tools, and is equipped
with forges having down draft and mechanical exhaust operated by a
special engine and fan.

The Foundry has a cupola furnace for work in cast iron, and a brass
furnace for soft metal castings. The cupola is operated by a blower,
driven by a special engine. The necessary appliances for moulding are
also provided.

LABORATORIES AND MUSEUMS.

The Sinclair Laboratory for work in Strength of Materials was
equipped through the generosity of Mrs. John Sinclair, of New York City,
as a memorial to her late husband. The outfit comprises Riehle and
Olsen machines, each of 100,000 pounds capacity, for tests of tensile,
compressive and transverse strengths and elasticities; a Ewing machine for
testing the elasticity of rods; an Olsen torsion machine of 50,000 inchpounds
capacity; hand machines for tensile and transverse tests; Fairbanks
and Olsen cement testing machines of 1,000 pounds capacity each;
an Olsen compression machine of 40,000 pounds capacity; special
apparatus for impact tests and tests of reinforced concrete; moulds for

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briquettes, scales, graduates, flasks, and other fittings; and the necessary
extensometers, compressometers, and micrometers for delicate measurements.

The John Waverly Scott Laboratory for Electrical Engineering was
both equipped and endowed by Mrs. Frances Branch Scott, of Richmond,
Virginia, as a memorial to her late son, a former student and a loyal
alumnus of this University. It is provided with generators of both
direct and alternating currents, with transformers of various types and
capacities, with direct current motors and induction motors, with
electric meters of all the requisite ranges, and with the laboratory
standards needed for testing and calibrating them, and the brakes
and rheostats used in testing the electrical machines. The equipment
contains also a full outfit of apparatus of the best and most
modern construction for delicate electrical measurements, together with
a full supply of the necessary electrical standards. Two storage batteries
have been provided, one for pressure and one for current. A Duddell
oscillograph is used for the study of alternating current phenomena, and
is arranged to permit the projection of the wave forms on a screen. A
well equipped photometer cabinet is used for the testing and study of
electrical lamps.

For Steam Tests the equipment contains a full series of pressure
gauges, gauge testers, thermometers, steam calorimeters, fuel calorimeters,
apparatus for chimney gas analysis, indicators, friction brakes, apparatus
for testing the thermal qualities of steam, apparatus for measuring the
mechanical equivalent of heat, and the heat equivalent of electrical
energy, and all the appliances needed for the proper utilization of this
outfit. A machine for testing lubricants and apparatus for measuring the
density, viscosity, and flash point of oils has also been provided. The
laboratory engine has been equipped with rope brake and indicators,
steam calorimeters and steam separator, and is connected with a condenser,
so that tests of indicated and brake horsepower may be made both
with and without condensation. In addition, the boilers and engines of
the electric light and heating plant of the University are available for
testing purposes.

For Thermodynamic Tests an Otto engine and Remington ice machine
have been recently installed. The engine, which develops 15 I. H. P. and
12 B. H. P., is arranged for operation with gas, gasoline, or alcohol.
Provision has been made for accurate measurements of fuel consumption,
indicated and brake horsepower, speed and explosions, temperatures of
gases and cooling water, and for determining the composition of the
exhaust gases. A complete experimental study of the motor can thus be
carried out. For the ice machine the necessary brine tanks, indicators,
meters, thermometers and so on have been provided, so that accurate test
runs can be made. These machines, added to the outfit above described,

198

furnish an unusually complete apparatus for practical studies in
thermodynamics.

For Tests of Road Building Materials there have been installed a
ball mill, an abrasion machine, a briquette machine, a small crusher, a
diamond drill, and a grinding disc. The University owes the use of this
equipment to the generous coöperation of Dr. Logan Waller Page, director
of the United States office of public roads. It will be employed in connection
with the outfit of the Sinclair Laboratory for experimental researches
on the available road building rocks and gravels of Virginia.

The Rouss Physical Laboratory, the Chemical Laboratory and the
Brooks Museum, while designed primarily to foster the scientific studies
of the Academical Department of the University, are also available and
utilized for the instruction of the classes in Engineering.

The Physical Laboratory is not only provided with a large collection
of apparatus for demonstrative experiments in illustration of
the lectures on Physics, but possesses also the necessary instrumental
equipment for exact measures in General Physics, in Electricity and Magnetism,
and in Photometry.

The Chemical Laboratory is furnished with all the appliances and
supplies needed for illustrating the lecture course in General Chemistry,
and possesses also a remarkable museum of Industrial Chemistry, which
is utilized in the lectures on that subject. The analytical work-rooms
are well equipped and the course of instruction has been especially
adapted to the needs of students of Mining Engineering.

The Brooks Museum contains the collections of the University
in Geology and Mineralogy, collections of great value and of especial
interest to students of Civil and Mining Engineering. These collections
are used to illustrate the lectures and are thrown open to students
for individual study.

FIELD INSTRUMENTS.

The outfit of instruments for field-work in surveying, levelling
and location contains transits and levels of various approved makes,
compasses, hand-levels and clinometers, a plane-table, a sextant,
mercurial and aneroid barometers, a current-meter, a hook gauge, a
solar transit, and the usual provision of rods, chains, tapes, and like
accessories. Instruction is given to all students in the accurate testing
and adjustment of the standard instruments, and in their use for the
solution of all the ordinary field problems. In addition they are taught
and practised in simple but accurate methods for locating the True
Meridian, and for determining Latitude, Time, and Longitude. Students
of Civil Engineering execute more extended surveys for the location of
roads, railways, hydraulic works, and so on.

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DRAFTING ROOMS.

The drafting rooms are abundantly lighted and are provided with
solidly constructed tables with locked drawers for instruments and
materials. Each student is assigned to a table and has a board and a
drawer for his exclusive use. The classes of the First and Second years
execute each one plate a week under the supervision of the Instructor in
Drawing. The more advanced students have such drawings assigned by
their respective professors as are needed for the full development of the
courses of study.

Careful attention is given to the training of the students in lettering,
in the conventional signs of mechanical drawing, in the proper lay-out
of drawings, and in neat and accurate execution. Exercises are required
also in tracing and in blue-printing, the rooms for which are conveniently
arranged and in close contiguity to the drafting rooms. While, however,
technical dexterity is demanded, the graphical method is taught and
used primarily as a powerful and indispensable instrument of research,
the thoughtful mastery of which is essential for the instructed Engineer.

The construction and theory of the Polar Planimeter, the Slide Rule,
and the Pantograph are carefully taught, and the student is trained in
the practical use of these appliances for the rapid and accurate production
of estimates and copies from finished drawings.

EXPENSES.

The expenses of a student of Engineering will vary slightly with
his year of residence, largely with his personal habits. The following
estimates presuppose a reasonable economy, equally removed from
parsimony on the one hand and from profusion on the other. They may
be somewhat reduced by strict economy. They may be largely and
disastrously augmented by extravagance.

REGULAR STUDENTS.

The average annual expense of a student who pursues the regular
course of the Engineering Department will be:

University Fee	$ 40
Department Fee (average of four years)	65
Living Expenses (for nine months)	225
Books and Drawing Materials	20
Incidental Expenses	50
Total for outside students	$400
Deduction for Virginians	45
Total for Virginians	$355

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Strict economy may reduce the living expenses from $25 a month,
as estimated above, to $18 or $20, and may take off something also
from incidental expenses. A more liberal estimate will increase them
by about the same amount. We should thus have the following average
annual allowances:

ANNUAL ALLOWANCES.	MIN.	MEAN.	MAX.
Outside students	$350	$400	$480
Virginians	$275	355	435

These estimates are exclusive of clothing and traveling expenses, items
which vary too much to be introduced into any general estimate.

The University Fee of $40 is paid by every student. It entitles
the student to the free use of the Library, and of the Gymnasium; to
the advice and direction of the Instructor in Physical Culture; to free
medical advice and attendance by the Health Officers of the University;
to the facilities of the University Hospital in case of need; and it covers
all fees for examinations, diplomas, and degrees.

The Department Fee is $80 for the First Year course, $70 for the
Second, $60 for the Third, $50 for the Fourth, and thus averages $65.
It covers the tuition and laboratory fees for all the classes (except
Analytical Chemistry). It entitles the student also to take over again
without additional charge any course of the previous year which he may
have failed to complete. Virginians have free tuition in the academical
schools, and are therefore allowed a deduction of $45 a year.

The item of Living Expenses includes board, lodging, fuel, lights,
servant, and laundry. A fair average allowance is $25 a month. Severe
economy may reduce it to $18. Ample generosity would place it at $32,
but no higher.

The Books, Drawing Instruments, Drawing Materials and Stationery
will cost about $80 for the four-year course, an average of $20 a year.
It is wise economy for the young engineer to buy good instruments and
to collect during his college life a few good books, as the nucleus of his
professional library.

The Incidental Expenses of the student ought to be kept within
modest bounds. The allowances made above are liberal enough. Large
expenditures as a rule promote idleness and attract companions of the
baser sort.

The items payable at entrance are the University Fee of $40, the
Department Fee, and a Contingent Deposit of $10 to cover library fines
and damage to apparatus, if such should occur. The last item is credited
in the student's final settlement with the Bursar. The First Year Student
of Engineering should bring with him about $200 to meet these charges
and cover the initial payments for books, instruments, room, furniture,
board, and so on.

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SPECIAL STUDENTS.

Applicants for admission to the Engineering Department, who are
twenty years old, and desire to enter for the pursuit of special elective
courses, must present adequate proofs of good character and of the
needful maturity and training. Such applicants are then registered as
Special Students, and are admitted without formal examination to the
privileges of the University, but not as candidates for any titled degree.
Such students pay the University Fee of $40, a Tuition Fee of $25 for each
class attended, and the proper Laboratory Fees ($5 per class in Applied
Mathematics and Engineering; $35 in Analytical Chemistry). Virginians
have free tuition in the Academic Schools.

Under the general elective plan of this University, many young
men, who cannot afford to take the regular four-year course, qualify
themselves by such studies for highly successful professional careers.
Any student, who possesses a good working knowledge of Pure Mathematics,
including the processes of the Differential and Integral Calculus,
and some acquaintance with the Natural Sciences, may attempt with
success the following shorter course in Engineering:

First Year.—Applied Mathematics 1 and 2. Engineering 1.

Second Year.—Applied Mathematics 3 and 4. Engineering 2.

Upon its completion he receives a diploma of graduation in Applied
Mathematics and Engineering. No student, who is deficient in mathematics,
will be allowed to enter upon this special course.

STUDENTS ADMITTED WITH ADVANCED STANDING.

Applicants from other colleges will be admitted provisionally to
advanced standing as candidates for a degree in Engineering upon
presentation of proper certificates covering the courses for which credit
is desired. Such certificates must be filed with the Dean, and must be
acceptable both to him and to the professors in charge of the accredited
courses. The certificate must bear the official signature of the head of
the college; must specify the character and content of the course followed
by the student; must give his marks, which should not fall below the
standard seventy-five per cent. of this University; and must recommend
the student as worthy of admission to the University of Virginia in
respect of both character and scholarship. The final validation of such
a certificate is effected by the successful completion of the courses
attended in this University.

CREDITS FOR PRACTICAL WORK.

Students, who have accomplished courses equivalent to those given at
this University in Drawing or in Shop-Work, will not be required to repeat
such courses here. To secure credit for such work the student must

202

make written application to the Dean of the Department, and with this
application must file the official certificate of the chief draftsman or other
instructor, under whom the work was done. In default of such certificate
the applicant must take and pass a practical examination on each course,
from which he seeks exemption.

A student who fails in one of his courses, but attains a grade of
sixty-five per cent. on the work of the whole year, may be admitted to
reöxamination on such course at the beginning of the next session.

To secure this privilege the student must make application to the
Dean of the Department before September 1st. It will then be the duty of
the Dean to arrange the schedule of dates for these examinations, and
to communicate these dates to the applicants and to the professors concerned.
All such examinations must be held in the week preceding the
initial lectures of the session.

Students, who on reöxamination fail to pass, will not be admitted
to graduation, until they shall have again attended the lectures of the
course and passed examination on it.

SCHEDULE OF LECTURE AND LABORATORY HOURS.

1907-1908.

Hour:	Mon. Wed. Fri.	Tues. Thurs. Sat.	Hour:
9	Applied Mathematics 4.	Applied Mathematics 3.	9
	Geology 1.	Geology 2.
	Mathematics 1.
10	Applied Mathematics 1.	Applied Mathematics 2.	10
	Electricity.	Analytical Chemistry.
	Chemistry.
11	Mathematics 2.	Physics.	11
	Electrical Engineering 1.	Electrical Engineering 2.
	Civil Engineering 1.	Civil Engineering 2.
12	Geology 3.	Mechanical Laboratory 2.	12
	Drawing 1.	Drawing 2.
	Mechanical Engineering 1.	Chemical Laboratory.
1		Mechanical Laboratory 2.	1
	Geology 4.	Mining Engineering.
	Drawing 1.	Drawing 2.
	Mechanical Engineering 2.	Chemical Laboratory.
3-5.30	Industrial Chemistry: lectures 3-4.30, Mon. Wed. Fri.		3-5:30
	Mechanical Laboratory: (material and machine tests).
	Shop Work: (Fall and Winter); Field Work: (Spring).

203

PROGRAMME OF EXAMINATIONS.

1907-1908.

Dates			First Year.	Second Year.	Third Year.	Fourth Year.
Dec.	Mar.	June	First Year.	Second Year.	Third Year.	Fourth Year.
12	18	11	Chemistry.		Electrical Engineering 1.
13	19	2			Geology 1.	Applied Mathematics 4.
14	20	3		Applied Mathematics 2.
16	21	4			Mechanical Engineering	Mining Engineering.
17	23	5	Applied Mathematics.		Electricity. Civil Engineering 1.	Mechanical Engineering
18	24	6		Physics.		Geology 4.
19	25	8				Industrial Chemistry.
20	26	9	Mathematics 1.		Applied Mathematics 3.	Geology 2.
21	27	10				Electrical Engineering 2. Civil Engineering 2.
23	28	1		Mathematics 2.	Geology 3.

204

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D. C. L., LL. D.,

President.

ALBERT HENRY TUTTLE, M. S.,
	Professor of Biology and Agriculture.
FRANCIS HENRY SMITH, M. A., LL. D.,
	Professor of Natural Philosophy.
JOHN WILLIAM MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., F. R. S.,
	Professor of General and Industrial Chemistry.
FRANCIS PERRY DUNNINGTON, B. S., C. E.,
	Professor of Analytical and Agricultural Chemistry.
WILLIAM MORRIS FONTAINE, M. A.,
	Professor of Natural History and Geology.
WILLIAM HOLDING ECHOLS, B. S., C. E.,
	Professor of Mathematics.
JAMES MORRIS PAGE, M. A., Ph. D.,	Professor of Mathematics.
WILLIAM MYNN THORNTON, LL. D.,
	Professor of Applied Mathematics.
ORMOND STONE, M. A.,	Professor of Astronomy.
JAMES ALBERT HARRISON, L. H. D., LL. D.,
	Professor of Teutonic Languages.
RICHARD HENRY WILSON, M. A., Ph. D.,
	Professor of Romanic Languages.
WILLIAM HARRISON FAULKNER, M. A., Ph. D.,
	Adjunct Professor of Teutonic Languages.
EDWIN BOINEST SETZLER, Ph. D.,
	Adjunct Professor of Teutonic Languages.
LLEWELLYN GRIFFITH HOXTON, M. A.,
	Adjunct Professor of Physics.
WILLIAM ALLISON KEPNER, M. A.,	Instructor in Biology.
EDWIN PRESTON DARGAN, Ph. D.,
	Instructor in Romanic Languages.
ALBERT BUSH MANLY, E. M.,	Instructor in Chemistry.
THOMAS DWIGHT SLOAN, B. A.,	Instructor in Analytical Chemistry.
WILLIAM WILSON STANLEY BUTLER,	Assistant in Physics.

205

The Department of Agriculture is founded on the gift of one hundred
thousand dollars by the late Samuel Miller, of Lynchburg, Va.;
this sum having been given to establish a fund, the income of which
should be applied, as far as practicable, to the maintenance of experiments
in agriculture, training in the art of farming, and instruction
in those sciences which underlie that art, as well as in their practical
relations thereto. Since the income in question is manifestly inadequate
to provide for all these important ends in an efficient manner,
it has become necessary for those directly charged with its administration
to decide how it can be most usefully applied within the limits
indicated.

Agriculture is the art of cultivating the soil with a view to profit;
as usually applied, the term implies the successful raising and marketing
of crops of plants or of animals, or of their products. Its theory
is based directly upon the sciences of Chemistry, Botany, and
Zoölogy; and also, but less directly, upon the allied sciences of
Physics, Mechanics, and Geology. Education adapted to the prosecution
of this vocation calls, therefore, at the outset, for sound and
thorough instruction in these sciences; and subsequently for the discussion
of its principles and processes as based upon them. The experience
of some years has shown conclusively that neither agricultural
experimentation nor instruction in the routine of farm work
can be profitably conducted here with the means at command; nor
is such application of these means in accordance with the needs or expressed
desires of students who come to the University for the purpose
of entering this Department.

It seems wisest, therefore, as well as most consonant with the
other functions of the University, to apply the income of this fund
to the enlargement, as far as possible, of the opportunities here
afforded to those who desire to acquire a knowledge of the sciences on
which the art of agriculture is based, and of which it is the practical
application; to understand their theoretical principles, as well as their
economic relations; and to be capable of following their progress in
all its bearings. Instruction is therefore offered in this Department to
all who desire such training in the descriptive and experimental sciences
as this would imply, together with a knowledge of the closely affiliated
mathematical sciences, and of the modern languages of immediate importance
to the scientific student; in accordance with the following plan.

Required for Entrance Upon the Work of the Department.—The
General Entrance Examination, or admission to the University by certificate
or diploma, as stated in a preceding portion of this catalogue.

Based upon this preparation the degree of Bachelor of Science will be
conferred upon students who satisfactorily complete one B. S. course each
in General Biology, Botany, Physics, General Chemistry, Zoölogy, Geology,
and Analytical Chemistry; together with an advanced course in each of

206

any two of the Schools represented by these courses; of one B. S.
course (to be elected by the student) from the group of mathematical
sciences, viz., Pure Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, or Astronomy;
and of the B. S. courses in French and German. The B. S. courses are
the same as, or the equivalent of, the B. A. courses described in a previous
portion of this catalogue; the advanced courses in the various scientific
Schools have also been previously described.

Agricultural Chemistry.—There is offered in connection with the
graduating course in Analytical Chemistry a course of lectures in
Agricultural Chemistry, including a discussion of the chemical and
physical properties of the atmosphere, of soils, and of plants; the
chemistry of the processes of vegetable life so far as they are related
to Agriculture; the chemical composition and preparation of manures;
the chemistry of stock feeding, and of fungicides and insecticides.
This course is open without charge to students who have registered in
Analytical Chemistry, to Virginia students, and to farmers who are not
matriculated students.

For Reference: Johnston's Elements of Agricultural Chemistry, 17th
Edition; London, 1894.

In addition to the courses in Biology described in a previous portion
of this catalogue, there is offered in the School of Biology and Agriculture
the following course, which provides for the discussion of the relation
of the biological sciences to the art of Agriculture.

Practical Biology and Agriculture.—The relations of Biology to
Agriculture are so manifold, and the subdivisions of the latter subject
so numerous, that it would be impossible to exhaust the discussion of
either in the work of any one year. A course consisting in part of
lectures and in part of an equivalent amount of practical work and
collateral reading will be offered yearly. It will include the discussion
of selected topics pertaining to Economic Botany (such as the bacterial
and fungous diseases of plants, the natural history of cultivated
varieties, and the like); to Economic Zoölogy (such as the life-history
and treatment of injurious or beneficial insects, external or internal
parasites, the special anatomy and physiology of the domestic animals,
etc.); and to questions connected with the Principles of Agriculture
(such as the laws of growth and nutrition of crops, the drainage and
tillage of soils, systems of rotation and allied topics). The topics discussed
in such a course will be, to some extent, selected in accordance
with the objects in view of those electing it in any year. The following
literature will indicate a possible arrangement of subjects.

Text-Books for 1906-1907.—Sorauer's Physiology of Plants (Weiss tr.);
Tubeuf's Diseases of Plants induced by Cryptogamic Parasites (Smith tr.);
Chauveau's Anatomy of the Domestic Animals (Fleming tr.); Vorhee's Principles
of Agriculture.

207

Candidates for a diploma of graduation in Biology and Agriculture
are required to complete the courses in Botany, Zoölogy, and Comparative
Anatomy, and also the course in Practical Biology and Agriculture
above described.

In this Department, as in the College, the order in which studies
shall be taken is left largely to the discretion of the student (subject
to the restriction that not more than three classes may be undertaken
in any one session without the consent of the Faculty): the following
is, however, suggested as a convenient arrangement of a four
years' course for this degree; and as one of several combinations of
subjects possible under the requirements above stated.

	First Year:
Geology 1;	Physics 1;	General Biology 1;
	Second Year:
French 2;	General Chemistry 1;	Botany 2;
	Third Year:
German 3;	Analytical Chemistry 1;	Zoölogy 3;
	Fourth Year:
[6] Mechanics 1;	[7] Analyt. and Agri. Chem. 2;	[7]Agriculture 1.

EXPENSES.

The necessary expenses at the University of a student in the Department
of Agriculture may be estimated at from $290 a year upwards,
according to the mode of living. A fuller statement of expenses, including
the conditions under which Virginia students are entitled to free tuition,
may be found in a preceding section. (See pp. 94-104.)

MILLER SCHOLARSHIPS.

A scholarship is awarded at the end of each session to the candidate
who at that time passes the graduation examinations in the B. S.
courses of General Biology, Chemistry, and Physics with the highest
aggregate of marks. The scholarship is tenable for the following two
years. The emoluments consist of $250 a session, with free tuition in
the Schools of the Department of Agriculture. The holder of a Miller
Scholarship is required to elect at least one-third of his work in Biology
and Agriculture, Analytical Chemistry, or Applied Mathematics. The
tenure of the scholarship depends upon the good conduct and studious
diligence of the scholar, the Faculty being authorized to withdraw its
benefits from any student who does not avail himself of the opportunities
for study which it is intended to secure. Candidacy should be announced
at the beginning of the session.

[6]

Substitution may be made of either Pure Mathematics 2 or Astronomy 1
for Mechanics; each of these three courses requires the previous completion
of Mathematics 1.

[7]

Substitution may be made for either of these advanced courses by advanced
courses in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, or Geology.

208

THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.

JOHN SHELTON PATTON,	Librarian.
ANNA SEELEY TUTTLE, B. A.,	Assistant Librarian.

The General Library is open daily from 9 a. m. to 1:30 p. m., and
from 3 to 5 p. m.

The collection contains more than sixty thousand volumes, and books
are available for use by the officers and students and some others under
the following regulations:

1. All visitors are expected to preserve order, and to avoid noise or
conversation.

2. Books of the Reference Collection are not to be removed from
the Library, but may be freely consulted at the tables. All bound mgazines
are classed as reference books.

Books in current use in connection with the courses of instruction
will be temporarily placed on the shelves of the Reference Collection, and
will then be subject to the above rule.

Works of special value or specially liable to injury on account of their
rarity, illustrations, etc., are not to be removed from the Library, except
by permission.

New periodicals cannot be borrowed within two weeks after they are
placed on the shelves.

3. The Librarian is required to make an entry of every book removed
from the Library with the time when the same is due.

4. Students may borrow books upon the following terms:

No student can have more than three volumes at the same time.

Each book must be returned by the borrower within two weeks from
the date of its withdrawal. The loan may be renewed unless some other
person entitled to books has signified his need of it.

Ten cents a volume will be charged for each day that a volume remains
unreturned after the two weeks for which it was withdrawn.

Before a student can honorably withdraw from the University he must
present to the Bursar a certificate from the Librarian to show that he has
settled with that officer.

5. Members of the Faculty have at all times free use of the Library
within its walls, and borrow books under the following regulations:

Each book borrowed is to be presented to the Librarian to be charged
to the borrower.

209

Each book borrowed is understood to be taken out for a period not
exceeding one month, but this time may be extended unless the Librarian
notify the borrower that some one else desires the book.

Not more than two volumes at any time may be borrowed for the use
of any other person than the professor himself, and the Librarian is always
to be notified at the time of borrowing that the book is not for individual
use.

6. All books borrowed from the Library must be returned and on the
shelves by the fifth day before the close of each session.

7. The Librarian may permit persons residing at the University for
the purpose of studying during the vacation to use the Library, with the
approval of the President, and under the above general regulations, but
at such hours as may be specially arranged for, on condition that each
such person pay to the Librarian a fee of $3 and make a contingent deposit
of $15, against which may be assessed any charges for loss of or injury
to books.

8. The Librarian is charged with the general duty of maintaining
order in the Library, preserving the room and its contents from damage
and reporting to the Bursar any fines and penalties which may have to
be enforced.

University of Virginia Library

III. PART III.

SCHOOLS AND DEPARTMENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY: THE LIBRARY.

THE COLLEGE.

BACHELOR OF ARTS.

COURSES IN THE ACADEMIC SCHOOLS WHICH ARE OPEN TO COLLEGE STUDENTS AS ELECTIVES FOR THE FIRST DEGREE IN ARTS.

Latin.

Greek.

German.

French.

Spanish.

English Literature.

English Language.

History.

Economics.

Philosophy.

Education.

Mathematics.

Astronomy.

Mechanics.

Physics.

Chemistry.

Analytical Chemistry.

Geology.

Biology.

Biblical History and Literature.

EXAMINATIONS.

EXPENSES.

SCHEDULE OF LECTURES.

1907-1908.

With Dates of the Examinations.

THE DEPARTMENT OF GRADUATE STUDIES.

I. Graduates in Schools.

II. Masters of Arts.

III. Doctors of Philosophy.

EXPENSES.

COURSES IN THE ACADEMIC SCHOOLS WHICH ARE OPEN TO COLLEGE STUDENTS AS ELECTIVES FOR THE SECOND DEGREE IN ARTS.

Latin.

Greek.

German.

French.

Italian.

English Literature.

English Language.

History.

Economics.

Philosophy.

Education.

Mathematics.

Astronomy.

Mechanics.

Physics.

Chemistry.

Analytical Chemistry.

Geology.

Biology.

SCHEDULE OF LECTURES.

With Dates of the Examinations.

1907-1908.

THE ACADEMIC SCHOOLS.

SCHOOL OF LATIN.

SCHOOL OF GREEK.

SCHOOL OF TEUTONIC LANGUAGES.

I. English.

II. German.

SCHOOL OF ROMANIC LANGUAGES.

French.

Spanish.

Italian.

Old French.

LINDEN KENT MEMORIAL SCHOOL OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.

Journalism.

CORCORAN SCHOOL OF HISTORY.

SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS.

CORCORAN SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY.

CURRY MEMORIAL SCHOOL OF EDUCATION.

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS.

SCHOOL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS.

SCHOOL OF PRACTICAL ASTRONOMY.

SCHOOL OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.

SCHOOLS AND DEPARTMENTS
OF THE
UNIVERSITY:
THE LIBRARY.

COURSES IN THE ACADEMIC SCHOOLS WHICH ARE OPEN TO
COLLEGE STUDENTS AS ELECTIVES FOR THE
FIRST DEGREE IN ARTS.

COURSES IN THE ACADEMIC SCHOOLS WHICH ARE OPEN TO
COLLEGE STUDENTS AS ELECTIVES FOR THE
SECOND DEGREE IN ARTS.

LINDEN KENT MEMORIAL
SCHOOL OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.

THE JOHN B. CARY, MEMORIAL SCHOOL OF BIBLICAL
HISTORY AND LITERATURE.

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HOSPITAL
TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSES.

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HOSPITAL
NURSES' EXCHANGE.