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GRADUATE COURSES.
M. A.
In addition to the introductory or B. A. courses above described, the
following advanced courses are offered to students prepared to undertake
them. In each the work will be chiefly done in the laboratory,
the student being in large measure independent of his associates; such
lectures will be given from time to time and such reading indicated as
will aid the student in an independent investigation of the subject in
hand. The relation of these courses to degrees is indicated below.
III. Vertebrate Morphology.—An advanced course based on Course
II, the completion of which, or its equivalent, is required as preliminary.
The work of the course begins with a study of Vertebrate
Embryology: this is followed by the detailed comparative study of the
structure and development of one or more systems of organs as existing
in the vertebrates and in those forms which may be regarded as
phylogenetically related to the vertebrate stock. The library of the
department contains a large amount of standard and periodical literature
bearing on the subject-matter of this course, and the reading of
the student will be directed as far as possible in accordance with his
individual needs.
Text-Books.—Marshall's Vertebrate Embryology; Wiedersheim's Comparative
Anatomy of Vertebrates (Parker tr.).
IV. Zoology.—This course, open to graduate students only, includes
the study of Animal Morphology, as illustrated by the anatomy, histology
and, as far as possible, the embryology of a series of representative
species chosen from the principal divisions of the animal kingdom,
the principles of classification, and the arrangement of the various
orders and classes of animals in larger groups as indicated by their
structural affinities.
Text-Book.—McMurrich's Invertebrate Morphology. For reference: Parker
and Haswell's Text-Book of Zoölogy; Lang's Text-Book of Comparative
Anatomy; Korschelt and Heider's Embryology of Invertebrates.
The completion of Courses I and II and either III or IV will be
required of candidates for a diploma of graduation in the School of
Biology, and of those offering Biology as one of their electives for the
degree of Master of Arts. Courses III and IV will not both be given
the same year at present.
PH. D.
The more advanced work in Biology will be devoted chiefly to Vertebrate
Anatomy and Morphology, each of the systems of organs being
in turn critically studied; it will in substance be an extension of the
work of Course III. Such lectures will be given and such reading
assigned as may be deemed advisable, but the larger part of the work
will be done in the laboratory of the University and at such seaside or
other laboratories elsewhere as may be designated, the principal object
of the course being to train the student in methods of original investigation
while he is becoming acquainted with the present state of our
knowledge of the vertebrates and their allies. A knowledge of the
subject-matter of Course IV will also be required of students who
elect Biology as their major subject for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
In addition to the Courses in Biology above described, provision is
made in this School for discussion, when called for, of one of the most
important of the practical applications of Biological Science. In this
connection the following course is offered:
V. Practical Biology and Agriculture.—The relations of Biology to
Agriculture are so manifold, and the subdivisions of the latter subject
so numerous, that it would be impossible to exhaust the discussion of
either in the work of any one year. A course consisting in part of
lectures and in part of an equivalent amount of practical work and
collateral reading will be offered yearly. It will include the discussion
or the parasites of plants, the natural history of cultivated varieties,
and the like); to Economic Zoölogy (such as the life-history and
treatment of injurious or beneficial insects, external or internal
parasites, the special anatomy and physiology of the domestic animals,
etc.); and to questions connected with the Principles of Agriculture
(such as the laws of growth and nutrition of crops, the drainage and
tillage of soils, systems of rotation and allied topics). The topics discussed
in such a course will be, to some extent, selected in accordance
with the objects in view of those electing it in any year. The following
suggested course will indicate a possible arrangement of subjects.
Text-Books for 1900-1901.—Sorauer's Physiology of Plants (Weiss tr.);
Tubeuf's Diseases of Plants induced by Cryptogamic Parasites (Smith tr.);
Chauveau's Anatomy of the Domestic Animals (Fleming tr.).
Candidates for a diploma of graduation in Biology and Agriculture
are required to complete Courses I, II, IV, and V.
Substitution of work fully equivalent in amount and character may
be made for the subjects published as requirements for either of the
graduations in this school from year to year in the case of any students
whose previous training or special aptitude give good reasons
therefor.
The Biological Laboratory, newly domiciled in a convenient suite of
rooms in the middle of the new Academic building, is well provided
with instruments for the gross and minute dissection of animals and
plants; microscopes, microtomes, reagents, and materials for the staining
and mounting of preparations; apparatus for photography and
microphotography, and other necessary appliances, not only for student
work, but for investigation and research as well. In addition to
the large and valuable collection of the Brooks Museum, an abundant
supply of other necessary specimens and material is furnished. A
library of reference is attached to the Laboratory, and students have
access to a number of leading biological and agricultural journals,
thus acquiring practice in the intelligent use of current literature.
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