University of Virginia Library

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.

                   

JOHN W. MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., F. R. S.,	Professor of Chemistry.
WILLIAM B. TOWLES, M. D.,	Professor of Anatomy and Materia Medica.
WILLIAM C. DABNEY, M. D.,	Professor of Obstetrics, Gynacology and Practice.
PAUL B. BARRINGER, M. D.,	Professor of Physiology and Surgery.
ALBERT H. TUTTLE, M. S.,	Professor of Biology.
WILLIAM G. CHRISTIAN, M. D.,	Demonstrator of Anatomy.
L. COLEMAN MORRIS, M. D.,	Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy.
HUGH T. NELSON, M. D.,	Instructor in Clinical Surgery.
WILLIAM J. MARTIN, M. D.,	Instructor in Chemistry.
A. DAMER DREW, M. D.,	Instructor in Biology.

General Course of Studies in the Medical Department.—The
session of the Medical Department continues through the full nine months of
the University session. The studies included in the Medical course are as
follows: Chemistry, Anatomy, Histology, Bacteriology, Physiology, Medical Jurisprudence,
Materia Medica, Hygiene, Surgery, Obstetrics, Gynæcology, and
Practice of Medicine.

These studies are arranged for a two years' course, and are pursued in the
following order:

During the first session (of nine months): Chemistry, Anatomy, Normal
Histology, Bacteriology, Physiology, and Medical Jurisprudence.

During the second session (of nine months): Materia Medica, Surgery,
Hygiene, Obstetrics, Gynæcology, Practice of Medicine, and Practical Pathology.

Relations of the Student in the Second Year.—Students who pass
a satisfactory examination on the subjects studied during the first session are
not required to attend the lectures or stand the written examinations on these
subjects the second year; but if a student fail to pass a satisfactory examination
at the regular time on one or more of the subjects included in the first year's
course, he will be permitted to take such subject or subjects over during the
second year, without the payment of any additional fee, and if he pass a satisfactory
examination on these subjects, as well as those of the second session,
he will be permitted to graduate at the close of that session.

Requisites for Graduation.—No student is permitted to graduate from
the University of Virginia with the degree of Doctor of Medicine till he shall
have attended the regular course of not less that two years in this institution,
and passed a satisfactory examination on all the subjects included in the Medical
course, unless he shall have attended one course of lectures of seven months,
or two courses of less than seven months each in some other reputable medical
school, in which case he may apply for graduation at the end of his first session
in this institution; but in order to obtain the degree he must pass a satisfactory
examination at this University on all the subjects heretofore mentioned as included
in the Medical course.

Certificates of Attendance.—No student will receive a certificate as a
member of the Medical Department of the University unless he has attended
the whole regular course of the first or second year.

Methods of Instruction and Examinations.—The instruction is
given by systematic lectures, daily oral and periodical written examinations,
with associated practical work in Anatomy, Histology, Bacteriology, and Pathology.

The daily oral examinations on the subject of the previous lectures are of
great value in stimulating the student to regular and systematic habits of study,
and furnishing the Professor an opportunity of discovering and removing difficulties
met with by the student. The graduating examinations, held near the
close of the session, are in writing and of a rigorous character.

Besides these there is a general oral examination prior to graduation (at the
close of the session) on all the different branches on which the student has
passed during either that session or some preceding one. This is intended to
test the permanent acquisition of such general knowledge as every practitioner
of medicine should possess.

Clinical Instruction.—The Piedmont Hospital in the adjoining city of
Charlottesville is utilized as far as its capacity will permit. During the past
year a new Dispensary building has been completed near the University, greatly
facilitating clinical instruction. Clinics are held four times a week, to which
second-course students only are admitted. In recognition of the impossibility
of giving practical instruction by the ordinary clinical lectures, the class is divided
into sections, so that each student may have the opportunity of examining
patients for himself under the guidance of the teacher.

Messrs. John E. Early, Edward P. McGavock, and William S. Sayers have acted as
student-assistants at the Dispensary during 1892-'93.

SCHOOL OF GENERAL CHEMISTRY.

Professor Mallet.

In this School the students are taught Chemical Physics and the general
principles of Chemistry, and are carried through a course of descriptive Chemistry,
inorganic and organic; their attention is directed, whenever an occasion
presents itself, to the application of chemical principles to Physiology, the Practice
of Medicine, Therapeutics, Toxicology, and Sanitary Science.

Text-Books.—Fownes's Chemistry, Syllabus of the Professor's lectures. For Reference.—Charles's
Physiological and Pathological Chemistry; Wormley's Micro-Chemistry of
Poisons.

SCHOOL OF ANATOMY AND MATERIA MEDICA.

Professor Towles.

Anatomy.—The instruction in Descriptive, Surgical and Topographical
Anatomy is given by didactic lectures combined with the course of Practical
Anatomy as taught in the Dissecting Hall. The endeavor throughout is
to render the teaching as completely practical as possible; no statement is made
that is not illustrated by its exhibition, either on the actual dissection or on the
preparation of a dissection, the effort being to convey knowledge in the so-called
natural method—that is, by mental imagery formed by repeated observations of
nature. This is accomplished by exhibiting to the student and requiring him
to handle the dissected parts and preparations made therefrom. The equipment
of the School for this purpose is most ample.

For the course in Practical Anatomy dissecting material, obtained under
the permissive law of the State, is abundantly supplied without cost to the
student. Attendance in the dissecting-room is compulsory, a strict record
being kept in the case of each student. Besides the ordinary oral and written
examinations, each student is required to stand seven practical examinations—
one upon osteology, four upon different parts of the muscular system, one on the
viscera, and one on the vessels and nerves. These examinations are oral and
private, each student being questioned alone. They consist in the identification
of the truths of anatomy on the bones, the cadaver, and the dissected cadaver,
and are thus a perfect test of the student's acquaintance with the gross structure
of the human body.

Materia Medica and Therapeutics.—Particular stress is laid upon
physiological action and rational therapeutical application of drugs The physical
properties of drugs are taught by requiring the student to learn them from
specimens, a complete collection being provided, which contains specimens
both of all the crude drugs and of all their preparations, which have been dealt
with in the lectures.

Text-Books.—Bruce's Materia Medica and Therapeutics; United States Pharmacopœia,
or Index of Materia Medica. The student should provide himself with a disarticulated
skull. Specimens of the other bones are lent from the University collection.

SCHOOL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND SURGERY.

Professor Barringer.

In Physiology the entire work of the School is designed with especial
reference to its practical bearings on the subsequent study of Pathology and
Therapeutics. The lectures on Embryology are not given until students are
well advanced in Anatomy, and can, therefore, appreciate their bearings. In
the elucidation of these subjects, the large collection of plates belonging to the
Department is supplemented by original preparations and models.

Text-Book.—The Professor's Notes. For Reference.—Kirke's Hand-book of Physiology
(13th edition); Landois' Physiology.

In Hygiene the chemical and bacterial contamination of water, food, air
and soil first engages the attention of the student. With this preparation he
takes up the natural history of contagious and infectious diseases, their modes
of propagation and methods of prevention. Instruction is also given in the
proper location and construction of habitations, hospitals, barracks, etc., stress
being laid upon the modern methods of heating, ventilating and draining.

Text-Book.—Rohe's Text-book of Hygiene.

In Surgery the first aim is to ground the student thoroughly in the principles
and technique of modern aseptic surgical procedure. Especial attention
is then given to the causation and pathology of the various surgical affections.
All amputations and ligations are shown upon the cadaver, and the lectures are
illustrated by numerous paintings and morbid specimens. The application of
splints, bandages, and apparatus for different fractures is taught to the class in
sections.

Text-Books.—Senn's Principles of Surgery; American Text-book of Surgery.

SCHOOL OF PRACTICE OF MEDICINE.

Professor Dabney.

In this School are taught Medical Jurisprudence, Obstetrics, Gynæcology
and Practice of Medicine.

In Medical Jurisprudence the student is instructed in the principles of
the science, and is taught how to apply these principles when he is summoned
as a witness in a court of law.

In Obstetrics instruction is given by lectures, and the mechanical principles
involved in the study are explained and illustrated by the use of suitable
preparations and models. The student is drilled in this part of the subject

during the early part of the course, and attention is subsequently called to the
diseases and accidents incident to pregnancy and the puerperal state. Each
student is also taught practically the various operations, both manual and instrumental.

In Gynæcology instruction is given by lectures and recitations, with practical
training in the details of ordinary gynæcological work.

In Practice of Medicine especial attention is given to the principles of
the subject, the aim being to instruct the students as thoroughly as possible in
the causation of diseases and the morbid changes which occur in the different
tissues. Each student furthermore is taught the method of making a physical
examination of a patient, and is required to learn, by actual examination, under
the supervision of the Professor, the normal appearances and sounds in the
different regions of the body and over the different organs. Practical instruction
in Pathology and Morbid Anatomy is given in the Laboratory.

Text-Books.—Reese's Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology; Lusk's Midwifery
(last edition); Osler's Practice of Medicine; Abstract of the Professor's Lectures on Practice;
Page's Physical Diagnosis; Green's Pathology; Lewer's Diseases of Women.

SCHOOL OF BIOLOGY.

(HISTOLOGY, BACTERIOLOGY, AND EMBRYOLOGY.)

Professor Tuttle.

Normal Histology is taught by lectures, accompanied by practical work
in the Laboratory, which is amply equipped for the purpose. The class is
divided into working sections of thirty, that number of desks being provided
with microscopes, accessory apparatus, and all necessary reagents. The primary
object of the course is to make the student practically familiar with the
normal appearance and characteristics of the structural elements of the body,
their groupings into tissues, and the disposition and relations of the latter as
making up the various organs of the body. As a means to this end, students
are carefully trained in the use of the microscope, and, as much as practicable,
in histological technique. The accuracy and readiness of the knowledge acquired
is tested for each student by individual practical examination, in which
he is required to name and describe at sight preparations of tissues and sections
of organs submitted to him, together with the usual written examination.

Text-Books Recommended.—Klein's, Stirling's, or Schaefer's Histology; The Professor's
Syllabus.

Bacteriology is taught in a similar manner, by lectures and practical
work in the Laboratory. It is the object of the course to give to students a
clear idea of the biology of the bacteria; their affinities as plants, their structure,

and their physiology being considered as a basis for the further discussion of
their economic relations, their action as causes of disease, and the methods resorted
to for their manipulation. The various processes of bacteriological
technique are fully illustrated and demonstrated in the Laboratory. The work
of the students comprises special practice in those processes which are of peculiar
value to the practitioner as a means of diagnosis.

Text-Books Recommended.—Abbott's Principles of Bacteriology; Fraenkel's Bacteriology;
the Professor's Introduction to the Bacteria; Sternberg's or Crookshank's
Manual of Bacteriology.

Embryology.—Optional attendance (without additional charge) upon the
course in Comparative Embryology is granted to medical students The Laboratory
is provided with a valuable set of preparations illustrating the embryology
of the lower vertebrates, and a collection of human embryos of various
stages from which anatomical and histological preparations are made.

Text-Books.—Schaefer's, Haddon's, or Minot's Embryology.

EXPENSES.

The necessary expenses of a student in the regular course of the Medical
Department for the session of nine months are estimated as below, both for the
lowest rate of living and for a more liberal expenditure:

                       

Tuition (including fee for laboratory materials),	$110	$110
Matriculation,	25	25
Infirmary fee,	7	7
Contingent deposit,	10	10
Dormitory rent,	15	30
Servant's attendance,	9	9
Furniture for dormitory,	9	19
Fuel and lights,	12	24
Washing,	14	14
Board,	99	162
Total necessary expenses,	$310	$410
Payable on entrance,	$210	$250

Books, stationery and dissecting instruments for the entire course cost about $45. The
cost of the degree, if taken, is $15.

The separate fees charged when students pursue an elective instead of the
regular course are as follows:

 

Chemistry,  $25  Anatomy,  30*  Materia Medica,  15  Physiology,  20  Medical Jurisprudence,  15

Anatomy and Materia Medica,  35*  Physiology and Surgery,  25  Practice of Medicine,  25  Medical Biology,  25*  Practical Pharmacy,  20*

The amounts marked with * include the charge for Laboratory material.

SCHEME OF MEDICAL LECTURES.

FIRST YEAR STUDENTS.

First Half Session.

                   

Time.	Monday.	Tuesday.	Wednesday.	Thursday.	Friday.	Saturday.
9—10:30	Histology.	Hist. Lab.	Hist. Lab.	Histology.	Hist. Lab.	Hist. Lab.
11—12:30	Chemistry.	Anatomy.	Dissections.	Anatomy.	Chemistry.	Anatomy.
12:30—2					Anatomy.
3—4:30	Dissections.	Dissections.	Chemistry.	Dissections.	Dissections.	Dissections.
Second Half Session.
9—10:30	Bacteriology.	Med. Jur.[1]	Med. Jur.[1]	Bacteriology.	Physiology.	Med. Jur.[1]
11—12:30	Chemistry.				Chemistry.
12:30—2		Physiology.		Physiology.		Physiology.
3—4:30			Chemistry.

SECOND YEAR STUDENTS.

First Half Session.

                 

9—10:30	Obst. and Gyn.		Obst. and Gyn.	Obst. and Gyn.	Surgery.	Obst. and Gyn.
11—12:30
12:30—2	Clinic.	Surgery.	Clinic.	Surgery.	Clinic.	Surgery.
3—4:30
Second Half Session.
9—10:30	Practice.	Path. Lab.	Practice.	Practice.	Path. Lab.	Practice.
10—12:30		Mat. Med.		Mat. Med.
12:30—2	Clinic.		Clinic.		Clinic.
3—4:30