 | University of Virginia catalogue |  |
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.
| JOHN W. MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., F. R. S., | Professor of Chemistry. |
| WILLIAM B. TOWLES, M. D., | Professor of Anatomy and Materia Medica. |
| WILLIAM C. DABNEY, M. D., | Professor of Practice of Medicine. |
| PAUL B. BARRINGER, M. D., | Professor of Physiology and Surgery. |
| FRANCIS H. SMITH, M. A., LL. D., | Professor of Physics. |
| ALBERT H. TUTTLE, M. S., | Professor of Biology. |
| WILLIAM G. CHRISTIAN, M. D., | Demonstrator of Anatomy. |
| HAMILTON P. HOWARD, M. D., | Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy. |
| HUGH T. NELSON, M. D., | Instructor in Clinical Surgery. |
| REUBEN M. SEARCY, A. B., | Instructor in Chemistry. |
| HALSTEAD S. HEDGES, B. S., M. A., | Instructor in Biology. |
COURSES OF STUDY IN GENERAL.
The session of the Medical Department continues through the full
nine months of the University session. This arrangement enables the
above professors and instructors to do thoroughly the work which is
often allotted to a larger number in institutions whose session is much
shorter.
The importance of acquiring a knowledge of Chemistry, Anatomy,
and Physiology, before commencing the study of the more practical
branches, is fully recognized; and the course of study is so arranged
that during the first half-session the instruction is in these important
elementary branches. During the same time the subjects of Medical
Jurisprudence and Obstetrics, especially the mechanical features of the
latter branch, are studied by the class.
The courses and methods of instruction in the several Schools of the
Department are as follows:
SCHOOL OF GENERAL CHEMISTRY.
Professor Mallet.
In this School the students are taught Chemical Physics and the
principles of Chemistry; and their attention is directed, whenever an
occasion presents itself, to the application of chemical principles to the
practice of Medicine, Therapeutics, Toxicology and Sanitary Science.
Text-books.—Fownes's Chemistry, Syllabus of the Professor's Lectures. For
Reference.—Charles's Physiological and Pathological Chemistry; Wormley's
Micro-Chemistry of Poisons.
SCHOOL OF ANATOMY AND MATERIA MEDICA.
Professor Towles.
Anatomy.—The instruction in Descriptive, Surgical and Topographical
Anatomy is given by didactic lectures combined with the
course of Practical Anatomy as taught in the Dissecting Hall. The
endeavor throughout is to render the teaching as completely practical
as possible; scarcely a statement is made that is not illustrated by its
exhibition, either on the actual dissection or on the preparation of a dissection,
the effort being to convey knowledge in the so-called natural
method—that is, by mental imagery formed by repeated observations
of nature. This is accomplished by exhibiting to the student and
requiring him to handle the dissected parts and preparations made
therefrom. The equipment of the School for this purpose is most
ample; and in addition to the numerous preparations and dissections,
there are models and anatomical paintings representing the greater
part of the anatomy of the body.
For the course in Practical Anatomy, dissecting material obtained
under the permissive law of the State is abundantly supplied without
cost to the student. Each medical student, however many sessions he
may have attended, is required to dissect under the constant and careful
supervision of the Demonstrator. Attendance in the dissecting-room
is compulsory, a strict record being kept in the case of each student.
Besides the oral examination which precedes each lecture, and
the other examinations to be mentioned hereafter, each student is
required to stand eight practical examinations—one upon osteology,
one upon the ligaments, four upon different parts of the muscular system,
one on the viscera, and one on the vessels and nerves. These
examinations are oral and private, each student being examined alone.
They consist of the identification of the truths of anatomy on the
bones, the cadaver, and the dissected cadaver, and are thus a perfect
test of the student's acquaintance with the gross structure of the human
body.
Materia Medica and Therapeutics.—The lectures on Materia
Medica occur in the latter half of the session, after the student has
obtained the knowledge of the primary branches prerequisite to the
proper understanding of the subject. Particular stress is laid upon
physiological action and rational therapeutical application of drugs.
The physical properties of drugs are taught by requiring the student
to learn them from specimens, a complete collection being provided,
preparations, which have been dealt with in the lectures.
Text-books.—Bruce's Materia Medica and Therapeutics; United States Pharmacopœia,
or Index of Materia Medica. The student should provide himself, if
possible, with specimens of all the bones.
SCHOOL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND SURGERY.
Professor Barringer.
In Physiology the course is introduced by a series of outline lectures
on Histology, before the consideration of Physiology proper is begun.
The entire work of the School is designed with especial reference to its
practical bearings on the subsequent study of Pathology and Therapeutics.
The lectures on Embryology are not given until students
are well advanced in Anatomy, and can, therefore, more fully appreciate
their bearings. In the elucidation of these subjects, the large collection
of plates belonging to the Department is supplemented by original
preparations and models.
In the Physiological Laboratory the students in sections of
twelve are given daily instruction for four months in practical Histology
in addition to the lecture course. Each student is thus able during
the session to become familiar with the usual histological and pathological
forms, as well as the ordinary working of the microscope, section-cutting,
staining, etc.
Text-books.—Landois's Physiology, Stirling's Histology.
In Hygiene the chemical and bacterial contamination of water, food,
air and soil first engages the attention of the student. With these
facts before him he next takes up the natural history of the contagious
and infectious diseases, their modes of propagation and methods of prevention.
Instruction is also given in the proper location and construction
of habitations, hospitals, barracks, etc., stress being laid upon the
modern methods of heating, ventilating and draining.
Text-book.—Rohe's Text-book of Hygiene.
In Surgery the first aim is to ground the student thoroughly in the
principles and technique of modern aseptic surgical procedure. Especial
attention is then given to the causation and pathology of the various
surgical affections. All amputations and ligations are shown
upon the cadaver, and the lectures are illustrated by numerous paintings
for different fractures is taught to the class in sections.
Text-books.—Roberts's Modern Surgery, Ziegler's Pathology, Senn's Principles
of Surgery.
SCHOOL OF PRACTICE OF MEDICINE.
Professor Dabney.
In this School are taught Medical Jurisprudence, Obstetrics, and
Practice of Medicine.
In Medical Jurisprudence the student is instructed in the principles
of the science, and is taught how to apply these principles when
he is summoned as a witness in a court of law.
In Obstetrics instruction is given by lectures, and the mechanical
principles involved in the study are explained and illustrated by the
use of suitable preparations and models. The student is drilled in this
part of the subject during the early part of the course, and attention is
subsequently called to the diseases and accidents incident to pregnancy
and the puerperal state. Each student is also taught practically the
various manipulations, both manual and instrumental.
In Practice of Medicine especial attention is given to the principles
of the subject, the aim being to instruct the students as thoroughly
as possible in the causation of diseases and the morbid changes which
occur in the different tissues. The lectures are illustrated by morbid
specimens, both coarse and microscopic, and each student has the opportunity
of examining the specimens for himself. Each student furthermore
is taught the method of making a physical examination of a
patient, and is required to learn, by actual examination, under the supervision
of the Professor, the normal appearances and sounds in the
different regions of the body and over the different organs.
Classes have also been established in Practical Microscopy and
Pathology. Attendance is optional, but the desire to make good use of
the opportunity thus offered seems to be general. Each student is taught
practically how to use the microscope, to cut and stain sections of tissues,
to examine urine and blood, etc. In addition to a knowledge of microscopic
manipulation thus obtained, it is found that students can get a
far clearer idea of morbid anatomy and pathology in this way.
Text-books.—Reese's Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology; Playfair's Midwifery
(last edition); Strümpell's Practice of Medicine; Page's Physical Diagnosis;
Green's Pathology; Lewer's Diseases of Women.
CLINICAL INSTRUCTION.
A Free Dispensary and Hospital are now in operation near the
University, in which the students are taught the methods of examining
patients and the changes which occur in the normal functions of
the body as a result of disease. In recognition of the impossibility of
giving practical instruction by the ordinary clinical lectures, the class
is divided into sections, so that each student may have the opportunity
of examining patients for himself, under the guidance of the Professor.
In addition to the patients who come to the Dispensary, others who
are too sick to attend are visited at their homes.
METHODS OF INSTRUCTION.
The instruction is given by systematic lectures, daily oral and periodical
written examinations, with associated practical work in Anatomy,
Histology, and Pathology.
The daily oral examinations on the subject of the previous lecture
are of great value in stimulating the student to regular and systematic
habits of study, and furnishing the Professor an opportunity of discovering
and removing the difficulties met with by the student. The Intermediate
written examinations demand frequent and careful reviews,
and familiarize the class with the form of the Final or graduating examinations,
which are also in writing and of a rigorous character.
Besides these examinations, there is a general oral review at the close
of the session on all the different branches on which the student has
graduated during either that session or some preceding one; this is intended
to test the permanent acquisition of such general knowledge as
every practitioner of medicine should possess. This oral review has
been found serviceable also in preparing students more thoroughly for
the State examinations in Virginia, and the other States which hold
such examinations, as well as for entrance into the Medical Corps of
the Army and Navy and the Marine Hospital.
EXPENSES.
The separate fees charged when students pursue an elective, instead
of the regular, course are as follows:
| Chemistry | $25 |
| Anatomy | 30* |
| Materia Medica | 15 |
| Physiology | 20 |
| Medical Jurisprudence | 15 |
| Anatomy and Materia Medica | 35* |
| Physiology and Surgery | 25 |
| Practice of Medicine | 25 |
| Medical Biology | 25* |
| Medical Physics | 10 |
| Practical Pharmacy | 20* |
| The courses marked with * include the charge for laboratory material. | |
The necessary expenses of a student in the Medical Department for
the session of nine months are estimated as below, both for the lowest
rate of living and for a more liberal expenditure:
| Tuition (including fee for dissection) | $110 | $110 |
| Matriculation | 25 | 25 |
| Infirmary fee | 7 | 7 |
| Contingent deposit | 10 | 10 |
| Dormitory rent | 15 | 30 |
| Servant's attendance | 9 | 9 |
| Furniture for dormitory | 9 | 19 |
| Fuel and lights | 12 | 24 |
| Washing | 14 | 14 |
| Board | 99 | 162 |
| Total necessary expenses | $310 | $410 |
| Payable on entrance | $210 | $250 |
The contingent deposit of $10 is credited in final settlement. This
deposit is assessed for any damage to property, violation of Library
rules, and so on, which the student himself may commit.
To the above total must be added the cost of books, stationery, and
dissecting instruments, about $45 for the entire course, and the cost of
a degree, which, if taken, is $15. The books purchased will be of permanent
value to the student as a part of his professional library.
For the entire course, if taken in one year, the necessary expenses,
including books, will be $355 to $455, according to the price paid for
board, with the addition of $15 for the degree, if the degree is taken.
PREPARATORY COURSE FOR STUDENTS OF
MEDICINE.
Graduation in Medicine, as in other departments of the University
of Virginia, does not depend upon the time which has been spent in
the study of Medicine, but upon the preparation of the student as indicated
is possible, therefore, for a well-prepared and laborious student to graduate
in one session, and examples are not wanting where such graduates
have attained conspicuous success in professional life. But the
severe and protracted labor necessary for this purpose is attended with
evils of which the Medical Faculty is fully conscious. And while the
regular course is complete as far as professional studies are concerned,
it leaves the student without the benefit of certain scientific studies,
which furnish an admirable preparation for and enlargement of the
strictly professional course. Students are therefore advised to devote
two sessions to the work; and for the benefit of those who can afford
the time to pursue them special courses in Biology and Physics have
been arranged with particular regard to the training needed for Medical
studies.
This first year of preparatory work will comprehend—
1. The course in General Chemistry attended by all medical students.
2. A special course in Physics.
3. A special course in Biology.
4. The course in Anatomy required of all medical students.
The expenses of the student in this course will be the same as for a
regular student of medicine, except for tuition, which will be $90,
inclusive of laboratory fees.
Those who are graduated in this preparatory course will attend for
the second session:
1. The regular course in Physiology and Surgery.
2. The regular courses in Medical Jurisprudence, Obstetrics and Practice
of Medicine.3. The course in Materia Medica.
4. The regular course in Practical Anatomy.
The expenses of a student in the second year course will be the same
as for a regular student of medicine, except for tuition, which will be
$75, inclusive of laboratory fees.
SPECIAL COURSE OF PHYSICS FOR MEDICAL
STUDENTS.
In connection with the studies of the first year of those medical students
who elect to pursue the two-year medical course, a series of
about fourteen lectures is offered in Physics. These lectures deal with
the measurement of physical quantities, and the laws of energy, as
illustrated in mechanical processes. Attention is also given to the
theory of simple machines, as illustrated in the human frame, and bearing
on various forms of surgical apparatus.
SPECIAL COURSE IN BIOLOGY FOR MEDICAL
STUDENTS.
This course comprises those portions of the course in Comparative
Anatomy and Histology which deal especially with normal Histology
and with Embryology, and that part of the course in Botany, which
deals with the Bacteria and allied organisms. The lectures are ac
companied throughout the course by systematic practical instruction
in the laboratory.
| 9—10½ | 11—12½ | 12½—2 | 3—4½ | |
| Monday | Dr. Barringer. | Mr. Searcy. | Prof. Smith.[2] | |
| Tuesday | Dr. Dabney. | Dr. Towles. | Prof. Tuttle.[2] | |
| Wednesday | Dr. Barringer. | Prof. Smith.[2] | Dr. Mallet. | |
| Thursday | Dr. Dabney. | Dr. Towles. | Prof. Tuttle.[2] | |
| Friday | Dr. Barringer. | Dr. Mallet. | Dr. Towles. | |
| Saturday | Dr. Dabney. | Dr. Towles. |
DEGREE.
The Degree of Doctor of Medicine is conferred on one who has
passed examination in all the prescribed subjects of instruction in the
Schools of the Medical Department. A candidate who in a previous
session has been graduated in Chemistry, Anatomy, Physiology, or
Medical Jurisprudence, is not required to stand the written examination
in these subjects anew for his degree.
| University of Virginia catalogue | |