 | Catalogue of the officers and students of the University of Virginia |  |
ACADEMICAL SCHOOLS.
LITERARY DEPARTMENT.
WILLIAM E. PETERS, LL. D., Professor of Latin.
JOHN H. WHEELER, M. A., Ph. D., Professor of Greek.
M. SCHELE DE VERE, Ph. D., J. U. D., Professor of Modern Languages.
JAMES M. GARNETT, M. A., LL. D., Professor of English.
GEORGE FREDERICK HOLMES, LL. D., Professor of Historical Science.
NOAH K. DAVIS, LL. D., Professor of Moral Philosophy.
C. H. FAUNTLEROY, M. A., Instructor in Greek.
JULIAN TAYLOR, M. A., Instructor in Modern Languages.
SCHOOL OF LATIN.
Prof. Peters.
The subjects taught are the Latin Language, and Roman History and
Literature. The School is divided into two classes, Junior and Senior.
Text-books:—Junior Class—Sallust, Ovid, Terence, Cicero de Officiis, Horace.
Senior Class—Horace, Seneca, Juvenal, Livy, Cicero, Tacitus.
Grammars:—Zumpt's, Gildersleeve's, Roby's, Printed Lectures of the Professor.
Lexicons:—Andrews', or Freund's Leverett.
Roman History and Literature are taught in the Senior Class.
Instruction is given by lectures, and by examinations upon the portions
of text assigned for recitation. Written exercises in rendering Latin into
English, and English into Latin, constitute a prominent feature in the
course. In addition to the portions of the several authors read in the
lecture room, a course of extra and parallel reading is required in each
class. The examination for graduation is not limited to the portions
read in the lecture-room, nor to the parallel reading. The different
systems of Latin versification are fully explained by lectures, and the
general subject applied by readings and metrical exercises.
Sanskrit.—The Professor will also give instruction in Sanskrit.
SCHOOL OF GREEK.
Prof. Wheeler.
The School is divided into three classes, Junior, Intermediate, and
Senior. The method of instruction is by lectures, by examination, and
by written and oral exercises.
The Junior Class, for which a full knowledge of the Attic inflections
and some experience in translation are demanded, is intended especially
for those who wish to acquire a practical familiarity with the simpler Attic
prose. The geography and political history of Greece are taught in the
Junior Class, political and religious antiquities in the Intermediate, and
the history of literature, metres and historical grammar in the Senior.
Junior Class.—The authors read in this class are Xenophon and Lysias. Grammar:—Goodwin's.
History:—Fyffe's and Cox's.
Intermediate Class.—The authors read are Homer, Herodotus and Theocritus.
Grammar:—Goodwin's.
Senior Class.—Demosthenes, Plato, Thucydides, Sophocles, Euripides. Grammars:—Goodwin's
Moods and Tenses, and Goodwin's Grammar. Lexicons:—Liddell
and Scott, and Veitch's Greek Verbs. Metres:—Schmidt's Introduction to Rhythm
and Metre.
For each class a course of private reading is prescribed.
From each class exercises in Greek composition are required weekly.
In the examination of candidates for graduation, the passages given
for translation are selected from the classic writers at will.
Hebrew.—The Professor will also give instruction in Hebrew.
SCHOOL OF MODERN LANGUAGES.
Prof. Schele De Vere.
The subjects taught in this School are as follows:
1. The French, German, Italian and Spanish languages.
2. The Literature of these languages, and the History of each idiom,
embracing the general principles of the formation and growth of Language,
and of Comparative Grammar and Philology.
3. The Anglo-Saxon language, its connection with the History of
English, and its relations to the study of Comparative Philology.
Graduation in French and German is required for the degree of M. A.
Diplomas of Graduation are conferred in each of the four languages
mentioned in § 1; a Certificate of Proficiency in Anglo-Saxon.
The following text-books are used in the several languages:
French.
Junior Class.—The Professor's Grammar and First Reader, Télémaque, Saintine's
Picciola, Masson's Dictionary.
Senior Class.—The Professor's Grammar. Brachet's Grammar, Molière, Racine,
Voltaire, Taine's L'Angleterre, Masson's, Gasc's or Littré's Dictionary. A course of
private reading is prescribed. Prof. J. A. Harrison's French Syntax is recommended.
German.
Junior Class.—Otto's Grammar, Whitney's Reader, Schiller's William Tell, Whitney's
Dictionary.
Senior Class.—Whitney's and Wilmans' or Frauer's (German) Grammar, Whitney's
Dictionary, Schiller's Works, Gœthe's Autobiography and Faust, Jean Paul's
Flegeljahre. A course of private reading is prescribed.
Spanish.
The Professor's Grammar, Seoane's Dictionary, Velasquez' Reader, Colmena Española,
Don Quijote, Calderon's El Principe Constante, Lope's Estrella de Sevilla,
Ticknor's History of Spanish Literature. In default of the Professor's Grammar, now
out of print, Knapp's Spanish Grammar will be used.
Italian.
Cuore's Grammar, Foresti's Reader, Manzoni's I Promessi Sposi, Tasso's Gerusalemme
Liberata, Pellico's Le Mie Prigioni, Petrarca, Dante's La Divina Commedia.
Anglo-Saxon.
Shute's Manual of Anglo-Saxon, or Sweet's Primer, The Professor's Studies in English,
March's Anglo-Saxon Grammar, the Anglo-Saxon Gospels.
SCHOOL OF ENGLISH.
Prof. Garnett.
Instruction in this School is given in three classes:
I. The Class of Early English.—In this class the historical and
philological study of the language is pursued, beginning with its oldest
forms, and tracing the language, by the study of specimens, through its
different periods to the formation of modern English. Lectures on the
history of the language are also given.
Text-books.—Sweet's Anglo-Saxon Primer, or Reader; Morris and Skeat's Specimens
of Early English, Parts I. and II.
II. The Class of Modern English.—In this class the study of the
later language, i. e., since Chaucer, is pursued, and Shakspere is made
a special subject of study. Lectures on the later language, and on the
history of the Elizabethan drama, are given.
Text-books.—For 1885-'86, Macbeth, (Clarendon Press, or Rolfe's edition);
Dowden's Shakspere Primer; Abbott's Shaksperian Grammar; Skeat's Specimens of
English Literature. The Globe Shakspere and Fleay's Shakspere Manual are recommended.
III. The Class of Rhetoric and English Literature.—In this
class the principles of Composition and Rhetoric are studied, followed
by the study of the history of English Literature. Essays are required
at regular intervals. Lectures on each subject are given in connection
with the text-books.
Text-Books.—A. S. Hill's Principles of Rhetoric; Morley and Tyler's Manual of
English Literature; Ward's English Poets.
Each class meets twice a week, and may be attended separately; but
graduation in I. and III., or II. and III., will be necessary for a diploma
in the School.
CORCORAN SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL SCIENCE.
Prof. Holmes.
In this School are two classes—one of General History, the other of
the Processes of Historical Change. Either class may be taken separately.
I. In the class of General History the story of advancing civilization
is followed through the succession of the leading nations, from the commencement
of authentic history to the Age of Revolution still in progress.
Text-books.—Smith's History of Greece; Merivale's History of Rome (Puller's
Abridgment); Gibbon, abridged by Smith; Modern History, Text-Book to be indicated
hereafter.
II. The other class embraces Political Economy and the Science of
Society, Political Economy being treated as subordinate.
The Science of Society will investigate the laws and movements, the
growth, decay, and constitution of Societies, in the different stages of
social development.
Text-books—In Political Economy, Mill's Political Economy. In the Science of
Society there is none. The class will be dependent for the present on notes of the
lectures.
CORCORAN SCHOOL OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY.
Prof. Davis.
There are two classes, best taken in two successive sessions:
I. The class in Logic studies Deductive Logic, Inductive Logic, and
Applied Logic. Two lectures a week.
Text-books.—The Professor's Logic, Fowler or Mill on Induction, Whately's Rhetoric,
Jevons' Principles of Science.
II. The class in Philosophy studies Psychology, Ethics, and History
of Philosophy. Three lectures a week.
Text-books.—The Professor's Psychology, Hamilton's Metaphysics, Calderwood's
Hand-book of Moral Philosophy, Kant's Theory of Ethics, Ueberweg's History of
Philosophy.
GRADUATE COURSES.
School of Latin.—A class is formed of students who have graduated
in the School, and who desire a wider acquaintance with Latin than is
implied in graduation. Authors not embraced in the regular course are
read and closely studied. Special attention is given to translation, and
a prominent feature of the lecture-room exercises is the discussion by
members of the class of the text translated. The vocabulary acquired
by extensive translation is frequently applied in rendering into Latin
passages of English selected for the purpose.
School of Greek.—This course is designed primarily for students
who are making a professional study of Greek philology. With such
students the Professor will read and discuss the more difficult Greek
authors. Extensive courses of reading are marked out, including important
text-books in English, Latin, German, and French. Incessant
practice is given in Greek composition. From time to time papers (in
English or Latin), upon topics selected by each student for himself, are
required as evidence of power to do original work. Competent students
who do not seek distinction at the examination of this course, but simply
desire to enlarge their knowledge of Greek Literature, will be guided in
their reading, and regularly instructed by the Professor.
School of Modern Languages.—Graduates and others who may wish
to continue the study of any one of the modern languages or of Anglo-Saxon
beyond the limits of the under graduate course, or who may aim at
attaining the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, will in this School read additional
authors in the language selected, study the Science of Language,
and be trained to write essays, giving proof of original research. To do
this successfully a certain amount of knowledge in the ancient, and at
least of two modern languages, will be required. Candidates for honors
will be given the choice between pursuing the study of linguistique with
the help of such works as Hovelacque's, Diez', Sayce's and others, or of
thoroughly studying one or more idioms from their origin to the period
of highest perfection. They will thus be led to compare the languages
belonging to certain families, like the Romance, Germanic or Slavic,
either with each other, or with other families, according to their lexical
or psychological peculiarities.
School of English.—In this School two separate graduate courses
will be arranged to suit the needs of those students who desire to pursue
further either philological or literary studies. The former will comprise
the further study of Anglo-Saxon and Early English works, especially
Anglo-Saxon poetry, or the study of Gothic and the comparative grammar
of the Teutonic languages. The latter will comprise the study of some
distinctive period in English literature, or of some particular writer, or
writers, including the political, social, and literary characteristics of the
age under consideration. In each course a thesis will be required, giving
evidence of independent private study of some subject cognate with the
course pursued, in addition to such examinations as may be advisable.
School of Historical Science.—The graduate course in this School
for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy will be varied from year to year,
but will always be designed to train the student in original research and
systematic exposition of the results. Some historical period, with the
accompanying social, political and intellectual development of the people,
will be made the subject of study. Such instructions and directions
as may be required to render these pursuits efficacious will be given
throughout the session.
School of Moral Philosophy.—The history of philosophy, ancient
and modern, with a special study of Aristotle and Kant.
N. B. Graduation in a School is prerequisite to admission to the advanced
Graduate Course of that School.
SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT.
CHARLES S. VENABLE, LL. D., Professor of Mathematics.
FRANCIS H. SMITH, M. A., LL. D., Professor of Natural Philosophy.
JOHN W. MALLET, Ph. D., M. D., LL. D., F. R. S., Professor of Chemistry.
F. P. DUNNINGTON, B. S., Adj. Professor of Analytical Chemistry.
WILLIAM M. FONTAINE, M. A., Professor of Natural History and Geology.
ORMOND STONE, M. A., Professor of Practical Astronomy.
R. D. BOHANNAN, B. S., C. & M. E., Instructor in Pure Mathematics.
F. P. LEAVENWORTH, B. A., Instructor in Practical Astronomy.
J. D. BRUCE, M. A., Instructor in Analytical Chemistry.
W. G. BROWN, B. S., Instructor in Analytical Chemistry.
SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS.
Prof. Venable.
This School embraces two courses, as follows:
I. Pure Mathematics
Junior Class.—Theory of Arithmetical Notation and Operations,
Algebra, Geometry, Geometrical Analysis, Elementary Plane Trigonometry,
with the use of logarithmic tables. The preparation desirable for
this class is the thorough study of Arithmetic, of Algebraic operations
through Equations of the Second Degree, and of Plane Geometry.
Text-books:—A portion of Todhunter's Algebra, Venable's Legendre's Geometry,
Todhunter's Trigonometry for Beginners.
Intermediate Class.—Plane and Spherical Trigonometry with applications,
Analytical Geometry of two dimensions, the elements of the
Theory of Equations. The preparation desirable for this class is the
study of Algebra, Geometry, and Plane Trigonometry, with the use of
logarithmic tables.
Text-books:—Snowball's Trigonometry, Puckle's Conic Sections.
Senior Class.—Analytical Geometry of three dimensions, Differential
and Integral Calculus, Calculus of Variations, and Theory of Equations.
Lectures are given in this class on the history of mathematics, and on
the elements of some of the modern mathematical theories.
Text-books:—The Professor's Syllabus of Solid Geometry, Courtenay's Calculus,
Todhunter's Differential Calculus, Todhunter's Theory of Equations, Williamson's Integral
Calculus.
In the Junior Class there are three lectures a week; in the Intermediate
Class, two lectures a week; in the Senior Class, three lectures a week.
II. Mixed Mathematics.
This course is designed for those students who may desire to prosecute
their studies beyond the limits of the Pure Mathematics. It embraces
applications of the Differential and Integral Calculus to selected
portions of Mechanics, Physics, and Physical Astronomy. There is one
class in Mixed Mathematics.
Text-book:—Price's Infinitesimal Calculus, Vols. III. and IV.
The instruction in each class in the School of Mathematics is conveyed
partly by lectures and partly by the systematic study of approved
text-books. The progress of the student in each class is tested by his
being required to perform written exercises, in which the principles acquired
are applied to the solution of selected problems.
Any student entering the School has the privilege of attending all or
any of the classes, and if prepared to enter an advanced class, may often
find it highly advantageous to review his previous studies by attendance
on a lower class also.
SCHOOL OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
Prof. Smith.
This School includes two courses, as follows:
I. General Physics.
Junior Class.—The Junior Class meets three times in each week.
The object of the course of lectures to this class is to furnish the student
with a comprehensive view of modern Physics, and to make him familiar
with its methods of investigation. With the design of laying a thoroughly
scientific basis for the course, a large space is given at the outset to the
discussion of the cardinal doctrines of motion, force, energy, and potential,
and to their simpler applications in the pressure and motion of visible
masses.
With this preparation the student proceeds to the subject of Molecular
Physics, embracing Sound, Light, Heat, and Electricity. Throughout
the course the laws of motion and force are kept steadily in view, and an
attempt is made to exhibit the evidence, daily becoming stronger and
clearer, for the belief prevalent among scientists that the entire body of
Physics is a coherent and harmonious system of mechanical truth.
Text-books:—The Professor's Syllabus; Everett's Units and Physical Constants. For
reference:—Treatises by Clerk Maxwell; Jamin; Daguin.
Senior Class.—This class meets thrice each week, and studies Mathematical
Physics and Theoretical Astronomy. The parts of Physics
studied are usually Sound and Light one session, and Heat and Electricity
the next. The members of this class spend from one to two months
in the Physical Laboratory.
Text-books:—Cummings' Electricity; Everett's Wave Motion; Glazebrook's Physical
Optics; Norton's Astronomy; Notes and Problems given by the Professor.
Candidates for graduation in Natural Philosophy are required to
attend only the foregoing classes.
II. Practical Physics.
This course is for students preparing to become teachers of science,
and for those who, for other reasons, desire to push their studies in
Physics beyond the limits of the under-graduate course. The instruction
is partly theoretical and partly experimental, embracing the following
topics:
1st. Theoretical—Reduction of observations. Graphical representation
of results. Interpolation. Method of Least Squares. Essays on
prescribed Physical topics.
2nd. Experimental.—In this, the main portion of the course, the
student will learn physical manipulation, and the use of instruments by
actual practice.
(1), Lecture-room Apparatus and Lecture-room Experiments.
(2), Physical measurements and "instruments of precision." Cathetometer.
Spherometer. Dividing Engine. Goniometer. Balance. Syren.
Monochord. Revolving Mirror. Photometer. Microscope. Spectroscope.
Diffraction-bench. Polariscope. Electrometer. Galvanometer.
Magnetometer. Meteorological instruments, with daily use of the same.
Text-books:—Chauvenet—"Method of Least Squares;" Kohlrausch—"Physical
Measurements."
SCHOOL OF GENERAL AND INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY.
Prof. Mallet.
In this School are two courses, as follows:
I. General Chemistry.
The course consists of three lectures a week throughout the session.
The fundamental ideas of chemical science, the relations of Chemistry
to Physics, the laws regulating chemical combination by weight and by
volume, the atomic theory as at present viewed in connection with
Chemistry, the chemical nomenclature and symbols now in use, and a
general survey of the descriptive chemistry of the elements and their
compounds, inorganic and organic, are brought forward in order, with
incidental allusion to the applications in medicine, the arts and manufactures,
of the facts mentioned.
Text-books:—Fownes's Chemistry, (last edition.) For reference:—Miller's, or
Roscoe & Schorlemmer's Elements of Chemistry; A. Naquet—"Principes de Chimie
fondée sur les théories modernes"; Watt's Dictionary of Chemistry.
II. Industrial Chemistry.
This course, in which also three lectures a week are delivered, investigates
in detail the chemical principles and processes specially concerned
in the more important arts and manufactures, upon which in large
measure depends the development of the natural resources of the country,
the opportunity being thus presented of preparation for such positions as
those of the miner and metallurgist, the chemical manufacturer, the dyer,
bleacher, tanner, sugar refiner, etc.
Text-books:—Wagner's Chemical Technology. For reference:—Richardson and
Watt's Chemical Technology; Muspratt's Chemistry as Applied to Arts and Manufactures;
Ure's Dictionary of Arts and Manufactures; Girardin—"Leçons de Chimie
Élémentaire appliquée aux Arts Industriels;" Percy's Metallurgy, etc.
The lectures in both these courses are illustrated by suitable experiments,
and by such specimens, models, drawings, etc., as the various
subjects require. The collections of the University in illustration of the
processes and products of Industrial Chemistry have been procured with
much expense and pains in this country, England, France and Germany,
and are unusually extensive and good—amongst the best on this side of
the Atlantic. (See page 55.)
SCHOOL OF ANALYTICAL AND AGRICULTURAL
CHEMISTRY.
Prof. Dunnington.
Instruction in this School is given in the two following courses:
I. Analytical Chemistry.
In this course, while the chief portion of the teaching is necessarily
individual, there are three classes:
The first class meets twice a week during the session, on each occasion
spending from three to four hours in practical experiments in the laboratory.
A course of practice in chemical manipulation is first pursued.
This is followed by a systematic course of qualitative analysis, including
blowpipe analysis and the elements of fire assaying. Toward the close
of the session, the elements of quantitative analysis are taught as far as
the limitation of time will permit.
The second class, in addition to the work of the first class given above,
pursues an extended course of quantitative analysis, determining the
composition of ores, minerals, clays, soils, building-stones, manures, technical
products, and like substances, and involving a full course of instruction
in practical chemistry. Members of this class have access to the
laboratory daily during working hours, and are assisted and encouraged
to undertake original research.
The third class is intended for students of medicine. (See page 38.)
Among the works recommended to laboratory students are: Fresenius—"Qualitative
and Quantitative Analysis;" Greville Williams—"Handbook of Chemical Manipulation;"
Woehler—"Examples for Practice in Chemical Analysis;" Von Kobell—
"Tafeln zur Bestimmung der Mineralien" (also in English translation); Odling—
"Practical Chemistry for Medical Students;" A. Classen—"Elementary Quantitative
Analysis."
Besides the above, there is a class in Practical Pharmacy, specially intended
for medical students. (See page 39.)
II. Agricultural Chemistry.
In this course there is one class, to which lectures are delivered once
a week throughout the session; or, when found more convenient to
students of Agriculture, a larger number of lectures a week are given
during a part of the year only. The chemical and physical properties of
vegetable life and growth, the composition and chemical preparation of
manures, etc., are discussed.
Text-books:—J. F. W. Johnston and C. A. Cameron—"Elements of Agricultural
Chemistry and Geology" (12th edition). For reference:—S. W. Johnson—"How
Crops Grow," and "How Crops Feed;" N. T. Lupton—"Elementary Principles of
Scientific Agriculture."
Farmers who are not regular students of the University are invited to
attend this special course without charge.
Very liberal provision for this School has been made in the way of
material arrangements. (See page 55.)
CORCORAN SCHOOL OF NATURAL HISTORY AND
GEOLOGY.
Prof. Fontaine.
In this School are three classes: Geology, Mineralogy, and Botany.
I. Geology.—This subject will be taught during the entire session,
and three lectures a week will be devoted to it, until after the intermediate
examination in Mineralogy, when five lectures a week are given.
The aim of the course of instruction is to give as thorough an exposition
of the fundamental principles of the science as possible, and to teach
the student how to use them in practical work in the field.
Text-books:—Le Conte's Elements of Geology. For reference:—Dana's Manual,
and Lyell's Elements and Principles of Geology.
II. Mineralogy.—This subject will be studied until the intermediate
examination in February. Two lectures a week will be devoted to it.
Special attention will be paid to crystallography, as well as to the chemical
and physical properties of minerals. In Descriptive Mineralogy, the
mode of occurrence, the geological importance and relations of the
species will be made prominent.
Text-books:—Dana's Manual of Mineralogy and Lithology. For reference: Dana's
Text-book of Mineralogy.
III. Botany.—For the present this subject is transferred to the School
of Agriculture, Zoology and Botany. (See page 45.)
The excellent collections of geological, mineralogical, and botanical
specimens in the Lewis Brooks Museum of Natural History (see page
54), afford unusual facilities for the study and illustration of the principles
taught.
The lectures on Geology and Mineralogy end the last of April, when
field explorations begin, and continue two months.
Persons engaged in the study of Geology and Mineralogy, though not
members of the University class, can, with the leave of the Professor,
and on paying $25 to the Proctor, join the exploring party.
SCHOOL OF PRACTICAL ASTRONOMY.
Prof. Stone.
Besides the general fundamental principles of Spherical and Practical
Astronomy and Celestial Mechanics, instruction in this School embraces
the theory of meridian and equatorial instruments, and the instruments
subsidiary thereto, the methods of determining time, latitude and longitude,
the methods of determining right ascensions and declinations, the
formation of star catalogues, the use and construction of ephemerides,
the computation of elliptic and parabolic orbits and of special perturbations,
together with the auxiliary subjects of interpolation, mechanical
quadrature, and the method of least squares.
Throughout the course systematic training is given in numerical computation,
and in the use of astronomical instruments, and students are
expected to engage in such original work as their time and attainments
will permit.
Only in exceptional cases will students be able to complete the course
in less than two years.
Text-books:—Chavenet's Spherical and Practical Astronomy; Oppolzer's Lehrbuch
zur Bahnbestimmung; Gauss's Theoria Motus.
GRADUATE COURSES.
School of Mathematics.—The graduate course will consist of selected
studies in the Higher Algebra, Modern Higher Geometry, the Infinitesimal
Calculus and some of its applications, or in the elements of
Quaternions.
School of Natural Philosophy.—For graduate studies the reader
is referred to the Course in Practical Physics, page 31.
School of General and Industrial Chemistry.—The principal
part of the graduate course will consist of practical laboratory work on
subjects of original investigation; advanced reading may also be prescribed,
especially in the shape of the bibliography of particular topics,
to be looked up from various sources and condensed by the student.
School of Natural History and Geology.—In this School no fixed
course of study will be laid down for graduates. Subjects will be selected
from one or more of the branches included in the School, and assigned
to the students. As far as possible, original research will be required in
the treatment of the subjects chosen.
School of Practical Astronomy.—A prescribed course in this
School, to be agreed upon in a conference of the Professors interested,
will be considered as the equivalent of the Graduate Course in either
Mathematics or Natural Philosophy for graduates of these schools.
N. B.—Graduation in a School is prerequisite to admission to the advanced
Graduate Course of that School.
N. B.—Students pursuing literary studies will, in many cases, find it
advantageous to take the course in International and Constitutional Law,
Prof. Gilmore, (page 41). Those pursuing scientific studies will, in
many cases, find it advantageous to take the courses in Applied Mathematics,
Prof. Thornton, (page 42); Physiology, Dr. Cabell, (page 38);
and Zoology and Botany, Prof. Page, (page 45).
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