 | A catalogue of the officers and students of the University of Virginia |  |
TERMS OF ADMISSION.
COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.
MATRICULATION.
To be admitted as a student of the University, the applicant must be
at least sixteen years of age; but the Faculty may dispense with this requirement
in favor of one who has a brother of the requisite age entering
at the same time.
If the applicant for admission has been a student at any other incorporated
seminary, he must produce a certificate from such seminary, or
other satisfactory evidence of general good conduct.
In this institution there is no curriculum or prescribed course of study
to be pursued by every student, whatever his previous preparation or special
objects. In establishing the University of Virginia, Mr. Jefferson,
for the first time in America, threw open the doors of a University in the
true sense of the name, providing, as amply as the available means would
permit, for thorough instruction in independent schools in all the chief
branches of learning, assuming that the opportunities for study thus presented
were privileges to be voluntarily and eagerly sought, and allowing
students to select for themselves the departments to which they are led
by their special tastes and proposed pursuits in life.
The wisdom of this plan has been amply vindicated by time and experience;
and within the last few years many of the institutions of higher
culture in the United States have, to a greater or less extent, remodelled
their method of study in accordance with the example here set. This
elective system commends itself especially to those who desire to make
professional attainments in any departments of knowledge. At the same
time, the courses of academic study are so arranged as to provide for the
systematic prosecution of a complete plan of general education.
While every student may thus select the schools he will attend, in the
academic department he is required to attend at least three, unless, upon
the written request of his parent or guardian, or for good cause shown,
the Faculty shall allow him to attend less than three.
Students are permitted to exchange schools, with transfer of fees, within
ONE WEEK after admission; thereafter no exchange is allowed, except by
leave of the Faculty, and then without transfer of fees.
The session commences on the 1st of October, and continues without
interruption until the Thursday before the 4th of July.
The mode of instruction is by lectures and text-books, accompanied
by daily examinations.
NO HONORARY DEGREES ARE CONFERRED BY
THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA.
LITERARY DEPARTMENT.
LIST OF PROFESSORS.
W. E. PETERS, LL. D., Professor of Latin.
THOS. R. PRICE, M. A., LL. D., Professor of Greek.
M. SCHELE DE VERE, Ph. D., J. U. D., Professor of Modern Languages.
NOAH K. DAVIS, LL. D., Professor of Moral Philosophy and Political Economy.
GEORGE FREDERICK HOLMES, LL. D., Professor of History, Literature and
Rhetoric.
STEPHEN O. SOUTHALL, LL. D., Professor of Constitutional and International
Law.
JULIAN TAYLOR, M. A., Instructor in Modern Languages.
RICHARD M. SMITH, M. A., Instructor in Latin.
C. H. FAUNTLEROY, B. Lit., Instructor in Greek.
SCHOOL OF LATIN.
Prof. Peters.
The subjects taught in this school are the Latin Language and Literature,
with the History of Rome. The school is divided into two classes
—Junior and Senior.
Text books. Junior Class—Sallust, Ovid, Terence, Cicero de Officiis, Horace.
Senior Class—Horace, Seneca, Juvenal, Livy, Cicero, Tacitus.
Grammars. Zumpt's, Gildersleeve's, Roby's, Printed Lectures of the Professor.
Lexicons. Andrew's, or Freunds' Leverett.
History. Browne's Roman Literature, Liddell's Rome, Long's Atlas.
Instruction is given by lectures, and by examinations upon the portions
of text assigned for recitation. The exercises of rendering Latin into
English, and English into Latin, in writing, constitute a prominent feature
in the course. In addition to the portions of the several authors
read in the Lecture room, a course of extra and parallel reading is required
in each class. The examination for graduation is not limited to the portions
read in the lecture room, nor to the parallel reading. The different
systems of Latin versification are fully explained by lectures, and the
general subject applied by readings and metrical exercises.
Note.—Post-Graduate Class. This class is composed of students who have
graduated in the school of Latin, and who desire a wider acquaintance with Latin
than is implied in graduation. Authors not embraced in the regular course are
read and closely studied. Special attention is given to translation: and a prominent
feature of the lecture-room exercises is the discussion by members of the class of the
text translated. The vocabulary acquired by extensive translation is frequently applied
in rendering into Latin English selected for the purpose.
Sanskrit.
The Professor of Latin will also give instruction in Sanskrit.
SCHOOL OF GREEK.
Prof. Price.
The school is divided into three classes—Junior, Intermediate, and
Senior. The method of instruction is by lectures (systematic and exegetical),
by examination, and by written and oral exercises.
Junior Class.—The Junior Class, for which a full knowledge of the Attic inflections
and some experience in translation are demanded, is intended especially for those that
wish to acquire a practical familiarity with the simpler Attic prose, both in reading and
in writing it. The authors read in this class are Xenophon and Lysias.
Grammar.—Curtius's.
History.—Fyffe's and Cox's Histories.
Intermediate Class.—The Intermediate Class is intended to give a knowledge of
the Ionic and Doric Dialects. The authors read are Homer, Herodotus, and, Theocritus.
Text-book.—Curtius's Grammar.
Senior Class.—Demosthenes, Plato, Thucydides, Sophocles or Euripides.
Grammars.—Goodwin's Moods and Tenses, and Curtius's Grammar.
Lexicons,—Liddell and Scott, and Veitch's Greek Verbs.
Metres.—Schmidt's Introduction to Rhythm and Metre.
The Geography and Political History of Greece are taught in the
Junior Class, Political and Religious Antiquities in the Intermediate, and
the History of Literature, Metres and Historical Grammar in the Senior.
For each class a private course of reading also is prescribed.
From each class written exercises in Greek composition are required
every week.
In the examination of candidates for graduation, the passages given
for translation are selected, not from the portions read and explained in
the lecture-room, but from the classic writters at will.
Post-Graduate Department.—The Post-Graduate Department has
been instituted for the benefit of graduates and others that wish to pursue
a more extended course of reading. The authors read in this department
are such as are, either by their form or subjects, less suited for
the regular school; e. g. Æschylus, Aristophanes, and Aristotle.
HEBREW.
The Professor of Greek will give instruction in Hebrew also, whenever
the demand for such instruction is sufficient to make the institution of
a course of lectures expedient.
Grammar.—Deutsch's and Mannheimer's.
SCHOOL OF MODERN LANGUAGES.
Prof. Schele De Vere.
The subjects taught in this school are:
1. The French, German, Italian and Spanish languages.
2. The Literature of these languages, and the History of each idiom, embracing the
general principles of the formation and growth of Language, and of Comparative Grammar
and Philology.
3. The Anglo-Saxon language, and in connection with it, the History and Laws of
the English language.
Graduation in French and German is required for the degree of M. A.
Diplomas of Graduation are conferred in each of the four languages
mentioned in §§ 1 and 2; a Certificate of Proficiency in Anglo-Saxon.
French.
Text-books.—Junior Class.—The Professor's Grammar and First Reader, Télémaque,
Saintine's Picciola, Masson's Dictionary.
Senior Class.—The Professor's Grammar, Brachet's or Breyman's Grammar, Molière,
Racine, Voltaire, Taine's L'Angleterre, Masson's, or Littré's Dictionary. An extensive
course of private reading is prescribed.
German.
Junior Class.—Otto's Grammar, Whitney's Reader, Schiller's William Tell, Whitney's
Dictionary.
Senior Class.—Whitney's and Wilmans' (German) Grammar, Whitney's Dictionary,
Schiller's Works, Gœthe's Autobiography and Faust, Jean Paul's Flegeljahre. An
extensive course of private reading is prescribed.
Spanish.
The Professor's Grammar, Seoane's Dictionary, Colmena Española, Don Quixote,
Calderon's El Principe Constante, Lope's Estrella de Sevilla, Ticknor's History of
Spanish Literature.
Italian.
Foresti's Grammar, Foresti's Reader, Manzoni's I Promessi Sposi, Tasso's Gerusalemme
Liberata, Pellico's Le Mie Prigioni, Petrarca, Dante's La Divina Commedia,
Dictionary.
Anglo-Saxon.
Shute's Manual of Anglo-Saxon, The Professor's Studies in English, March's Anglo-Saxon
Grammar, the Anglo-Saxon Gospels.
CORCORAN SCHOOL OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY.
Prof. Noah K. Davis.
The subjects of this school are treated as follows:
I. In Psychology, the Cognitive Powers are viewed as modes of
consciousness, and distributed as Presentative and Representative. The
discussion, having involved the Laws of Pure thought, is followed immediately
by the course in Logic. The psychology of the Sensibilities
and Will is then considered, followed by the course in Ethics. Constant
appeal is made to reflective consciousness as the ultimate test of truth
in Psychological Science.
Text-Books.—Hamilton's Metaphysics, Mansel's Metaphysics; Kant's Critique of
Pure Reason.
II. In Logic both the Aristotelic and Hamiltonian analyses are applied
to many examples, and select arguments reduced to syllogistic statement.
Special attention is given to the nature and methods of inductive inference.
Text-Books.—Hamilton's Logic, Mill's Logic. The Theory of Thought.
III. In Ethics the intuitional theory is maintained against utilitarianism.
The chief problems of ethical science are discussed, and its principles
applied to personal and social duty.
Text-Books.—Calderwood's Hand Book of Moral Philosophy, Stewart's Active and
Moral Powers.
IV. In Phlosophy an outline of the history of speculation is given,
from Plato to Hegel. The opinions of the various schools are sketched,
the views of different philosophers compared and criticised, and the principles
of Ontology examined.
Text-Books.—Ueberweg's History of Philosophy.
The class is examined on the subject as developed by the lectures,
supplemented by such portions of the text-books as may be indicated by
the Professor.
Political Economy.
Those studying this subject constitute a separate class. The lectures
discuss the relations of Labor and Capital, also various systems of
Currency, Banking, Finance, and Taxation, with special reference to what
is peculiar in the physical condition, political and social institutions, and
industrial pursuits of our own country. Fundamental questions in Sociology
are also considered.
Text-Books.—Mill's Principles of Political Economy.
CORCORAN SCHOOL OF HISTORY, GENERAL LITERATURE
AND RHETORIC.
Prof. Holmes.
This school is divided into two distinct classes—one of History, and
one of Literature and Rhetoric. To each two lectures in the week are
regularly devoted; but exercises in literary composition are required
from the members of the Literary Class. Each study may be pursued
separately.
Class of History.
In the Historical Class the successions, revolutions, and various aspects
of the principal nations of the world are considered in such a manner as
to afford a general and connected view of the progress of political and
social organizations. Institutions and laws are noted as the manifestations
of different phases of society; an attempt is made to discover and elucidate
the conditions of historical advancement, and to refer the changes
of nations and governments to the operation of regular principles.
Text-Books.—Smith's History of Greece; Merivale's Smaller History of Rome,
(Puller's Abridgment); Gibbon, abridged by Smith; Modern History, Text-Book to
be indicated hereafter.
For reference.—Kiepert's Atlas Antiquus, or Long's Ancient Atlas; Chambers'
Atlas, or other Modern Atlas.
Class of Literature and Rhetoric.
In the Class of Literature and Rhetoric, the English Language, English
Composition, Rhetoric, and the English Classics, with the History
of English Literature, are studied.
The origin, growth, and philological peculiarities of the Language are
considered; the various influences, domestic and external, by which it
has been brought to its present condition, are explained; the general
principles of Rhetoric and Criticism are taught; the lives of the most
eminent authors in the language are treated in their historical order and
connection; and the critical examination and appreciation of their chief
productions occupy much of the time of the student. The class will
also be required to practise Literary Composition.
Text-Books.—Jamieson's Grammar of Rhetoric; — History of the English
Language; Shaw's Complete Manual of English Literature, Ed. Smith and Tuckerman;
Student's Specimens of English Literature, Ed. Shaw and Smith.
Shakspeare's Complete Works; Milton's Poetical Works.
The Clarendon Press Editions of Shakspeare's Plays are strongly recommended.
For instruction in Oratory or spoken composition, those portions of
Dr. Broadus's Treatise on the Preparation and Delivery of Sermons
which are appropriate to secular purposes, are especially commended.
Angus's Handbook of the English Language will be found of great use.
SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT.
FRANCIS H. SMITH, M. A., Professor of Natural Philosophy.
CHARLES S. VENABLE, LL. D., Professor of Mathematics.
JOHN W. MALLET, Ph. D., M. D., LL. D., F. R. S., Professor of General and
Applied Chemistry.
JOHN R. PAGE, M. D., Professor of Agriculture, Zoology, and Botany.
WILLIAM M. FONTAINE, M. A., Professor of Natural History and Geology.
— —, (To be elected), Director of Leander McCormick Observatory and
Professor of Practical Astronomy.
FRANCIS P. DUNNINGTON, B. Sc., Adjunct Professor of Analytical and Agricultural
Chemistry.
WILLIAM M. THORNTON, Adjunct Professor of Mathematics Applied to Engineering.[1]
JOSHUA W. GORE, C. E., Instructor in Mathematics.
SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS.
Prof. Venable.
This school embraces two distinct departments or courses:
1. Pure Mathematics.
2. Mixed Mathematics.
Pure Mathematics.
In the course of Pure Mathematics there are three classes—Junior,
Intermediate, and Senior.
Junior Class.—Theory of Arithmetical Notation and Operations, Algebra, Geometry,
Geometrical Analysis, Elementary Plane Trigonometry, with the use of Logarithmic
tables. The preparation desirable for entrance in this class is the thorough
study of Arithmetic, of Algebraic Operations through Equations of the Second Degree,
and of Plane Geometry.
Intermediate Class.—Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, with applications, Analytical
Geometry of two dimensions, the Elements of the Theory of Equations. The
preparation desirable for this class is the study of Algebra, Geometry, and Plane Trigonometry,
with the use of Logarithmic tables.
Senior Class.—Analytical Geometry of three Dimensions, Differential and Integral
Calculus, Calculus of Variations, and Theory of Equations. Lectures are given in this
Theories.
Text-Books.
Junior Class.—A portion of Todhunter's Algebra, Venable's Legendre's Geometry,
Todhunter's Trigonometry for Beginners.
Intermediate Class.—Snowball's Trigonometry, a table of Logarithms, Puckle's
Conic Sections.
Senior Class.—Syllabus of Solid Geometry, Courtenay's Calculus, Todhunter's
Differential Calculus, Todhunter's Theory of Equations.
In the Junior Class there are three Lectures each week; in the Intermediate
Class, two Lectures each week; in the Senior Class, three Lectures
each week.
Mixed Mathematics.
This course is designed for those students who may desire to prosecute
their studies beyond the limits of the Pure Mathematics. It embraces
Applications of the Differential and Integral Calculus to selected
portions of Mechanics, Physics, and Physical Astronomy. There is one
class in Mixed Mathematics.
Text-Books.—Price's Infinitesimal Calculus, Vols. III and IV.
In the class of Mixed Mathematics there are two Lectures each week.
The instruction in each class in the School of Mathematics is conveyed
partly by lectures and partly by the systematic study of approved
text-books. The student is assisted by full and frequent explanations
from the Professor, and constantly subjected to rigid examinations. The
progress of the student in each class is also tested by his being required
to perform written exercises, in which the principles acquired are applied
to the solution of particular problems.
Any student entering the school has the privilege of attending all or
any of the classes, and if prepared to enter an advanced class, may often
find it highly advantageous to review his previous studies by attendance
on a lower class also.
SCHOOL OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
Prof. Smith.
This School includes two departments—General Physics and Practical
Physics.
I. General Physics.
Junior Class.—The Junior Class meets three times in each week
throughout the session of nine months. The object of the course of lectures
to this class is to furnish the student with a comprehensive view of
Modern Physics, and to make him familiar with its methods of investigation.
With the design of laying a thoroughly scientific basis for the
course, a large space is given at the outset to the discussion of the cardinal
doctrines of motion, force, energy, and potential, and to their simpler
applications in the pressure and motion of visible masses.
With this preparation the student proceeds to the subject of Molecular
Physics, embracing Sound, Light, Heat, and Electricity. Throughout
the course the established laws of motion and force are kept steadily in
view, and an attempt is made to exhibit the evidence, daily becoming
stronger and clearer, for the prevalent belief among scientists, that the
entire body of Physics is a coherent and harmonious system of mechanical
truth.
Text-Books.—The Professor's Syllabus; Everett's Units and Physical Constants.
For Reference.—Treatises by Clerk Maxwell; Jamin; Daguin.
Senior Class.—This class meets thrice each week, and studies Mathematical
Physics and Astronomy. The parts of Physic studied in this
class are such as may, from lack of time, be crowded out of the Junior
course. They are usually Light and Sound one session, and Heat and
Electricity the next.
Text-Books.—Cummings' Electricity; Bartlett's Acoustics and Optics.
Norton's Astronomy, with Chauvenet's Astronomy for reference.
Candidates for graduation in the school of Natural Philosophy are required
to attend only the foregoing classes.
II. Practical Physics.
To meet the wants of students who may be preparing themselves to
become teachers of science, and of those who, for other reasons, desire to
push their studies in Physics beyond the limits of the lecture-room course
title, and have authorized a separate diploma of graduation to be given
to such as exhibit proficiency in its exercises. The course of instruction
in this class will be partly theoretical and partly experimental, embracing
the following topics:
A. Theoretical.—Reduction of observations. Graphical representations
of results. Interpolation. Method of Least Squares. Essays on
prescribed Physical topics.
B. Experimental.—In this, the main portion of the course, the student
will learn physical manipulation, and the use of instruments by actual
practice.
1. Lecture-room Apparatus and Lecture-room Experiments.
2. Physical measurements and "instruments of precision." Cathetometer.
Spherometer. Dividing Engine. Goniometer. Balance. Syren.
Monochord. Revolving Mirror. Photometer. Microscope. Spectroscope.
Polariscope. Electrometer. Galvanometer. Meteorological instruments,
with daily use of the same.
Text-Books.—Chauvenet, "Method of Least Squares." Kohlrausch, "Physical
Measurements."
SCHOOL OF GENERAL AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY.
Prof. Mallet.
In this school are two classes:
I. The class in general Chemistry hears three lectures each week
throughout the session. The fundamental ideas of chemical science, the
relations of Chemistry to Physics, the laws regulating chemical combination
by weight and by volume, the atomic theory as at present viewed
in connection with Chemistry, the chemical nomenclature and symbols
now in use, and a general survey of the descriptive chemistry of the elements
and their compounds, inorganic and organic, are brought forward
in order, with incidental allusion to the applications in medicine, the arts
and manufactures, of the facts mentioned.
The attention of medical students is particularly drawn to the physiological,
medical, and sanitary relations of the subject.
Text-Books.—"Fownes' Chemistry," last edition. Recommended for reference:
Miller's "Elements of Chemistry;" A. Naquet—"Principes de Chimie fondée sur lés
théories modernes."
Lectures on Pharmacy are given to the students of medicine; this
special course beginning soon after the intermediate examinations.
Text-Book.—Parrish's Pharmacy.
II. The class in Industrial Chemistry, to which class also three lectures
a week are delivered, studies in detail the chemical principles and
processes specially concerned in the more important arts and manufactures,
upon which, in large measure, depends the development of the
natural resources of the country, the opportunity being thus presented
of preparation for such positions as those of the miner and metallurgist,
the chemical manufacturer, the dyer, bleacher, tanner, sugar refiner, etc.
Amongst the more important subjects discussed are: the production
of MATERIALS OF VERY GENERAL APPLICATION, including the metallurgy
of iron, copper, lead, zinc, tin, silver, gold, etc.; the preparation and
properties of alloys, and the processes of electro-metallurgy, the manufacture
upon the large scale of acids, alkalies, salts, glass, porcelain, and
earthenware; the production and preservation of FOOD, including the
processes of bread-making, wine-making, brewing, and distilling; the
manufacture of sugar and vinegar, the curing of meat, the examination
and purification of drinking-water, etc.; chemical arts relating to CLOTHING,
such as bleaching, dyeing, calico printing, tanning, and the preparation
of india rubber; the chemistry of those arts which afford us SHELTER,
embracing the examination of building materials, lime-burning, the manufacture
of mortar and cements; the explosive agents used in blasting, as
gunpowder, gun-cotton, nitro-glycerine; paints and varnishes, disinfecting
materials, etc.; HEATING AND VENTILATION, the different kinds of fuel,
and modes of burning them; ILLUMINATION by artificial means, candles,
lamps, the preparation of petroleum, the manufacturing of illuminating
gas, matches; the chemistry of WASHING, the preparation of soap, starch,
and perfumes; the chemical relations of PRINTING and WRITING, the
manufacture of paper, ink, artists' colors, photographic materials, etc.
Text-Books.—Wagner's "Chemical Technology." For reference: Richardson and
Watt's "Chemical Technology;" Muspratt's "Chemistry as Applied to Arts and Manufactures;"
Ure's "Dictionary of Arts and Manufactures;" Girardin—"Leçons de
Chimie Élémentaire appliquée aux Arts Industriels;" Percy's Metallurgy, etc.
The lectures to both these classes are illustrated by suitable experiments,
and by such specimens, models, drawings, etc., as the various
subjects require. The collections of the University in illustration of the
processes and products of Industrial Chemistry have been procured with
and are unusually extensive and good—amongst the best on this side of
the Atlantic.
SCHOOL OF ANALYTICAL AND AGRICULTURAL
CHEMISTRY.
Prof. Mallet. Adjunct Prof. Dunnington.
Instruction in this school is given in the following courses:
In Analytical Chemistry, while the chief portion of the teaching is
necessarily personal, there are three classes:
I. The first class meets twice each week during the session, on each
occasion spending from three to four hours in practical experiments in
the laboratory. A regularly arranged course of practice in chemical
manipulation is first pursued, which is followed by a systematic course of
qualitative analysis, in which students are taught to determine, by themselves,
the constituents of substances presented to them. Special attention
is given to substances having useful applications in the arts or
connected with agriculture. In the course of this work they are familiarized
with the methods of blow-pipe analysis, and enabled to identify
minerals by their physical and blow-pipe characters, aided by other simple
chemical tests. The elements of practical assaying are taught by their
making fire assays of lead, silver, and gold ores. Toward the close of
the session, the elements of quantitative analysis are taught, as far as
the limitation of time will permit.
II. The second class have access to the laboratory for six days in
the week, during the whole of the working hours of each day. In addition
to the work of the first class, given above, they pursue an extended
course of quantitative analysis, determining the composition of
substances, such as ores, minerals, clays, soils, building-stones, manures,
technical products, etc., and are thus afforded a full course of instruction
in practical chemistry. Students will be assisted and encouraged to
undertake original research.
III. The third class is one specially intended for students of medicine,
and will meet for lessons of two hours each, twice in the week, for two
months of the session. To this class the practical applications of chemistry
microscopical examination of animal products, urine, blood, etc.
Among the works recommended to laboratory students are: Fresenius—"Qualitative
and Quantitative Analysis;" H. Rose—"Handbuch der Analytischen Chemie" (also
in French translation); Greville Williams—"Handbook of Chemical Manipulation;"
Woehler—"Examples for Practice in Chemical Analysis;" Von Kobell—"Tafeln zur
Bestimmung der Mineralien" (also in English translation); Bolley—"Handbuch der
technisch-chemischen Untersuchungen;" Odling—"Practical Chemistry for Medical
Students;" A. H. Church—"Laboratory Guide for Agricultural Students;" A. Classen—"Elementary
Quantitative Analysis" (also in English translation).
Besides the above, there is also a class in Practical Pharmacy, specially
intended for medical students, which receives fourteen lessons during the
latter half of the session.
Text-Books.—Parrish's Pharmacy; with Wood's and Bache's "United States Dispensatory,"
for reference.
In Agricultural Chemistry there is one class, to which lectures are delivered
once a week throughout the session; or, when found more convenient
to students of agriculture, a larger number of lectures per week
will be given during a part of the year only.
In this course the chemical and physical properties of soils, of the
atmosphere, and of plants, chemistry of the processes of vegetable life
and growth, the composition and chemical preparation of manures, etc.,
will be discussed.
Text-Books.—S. W. Johnson—"How Crops Grow," and "How Crops Feed."
For reference: J. F. W. Johnston and C. A. Cameron—"Elements of Agricultural
Chemistry and Geology" (12th edition); R. Hoffmann—"Theoretisch-praktische Ackerbauchemie;"
N. T. Lupton—"Elementary Principles of Scientific Agriculture."
Farmers who are not regular students of the University, but may desire
to attend this special course, are freely invited to do so.
Very liberal provision has been made in the way of material arrangements
for the teachings of this Chair. A new laboratory building of
ample size, specially designed for the purpose of working students, has
been erected, containing all necessary rooms, fitted with double windows
for the preservation of uniform temperature, and amply supplied with
gas, water, and all proper laboratory fixtures; and all needful apparatus,
chemicals, minerals, materials for analysis, etc., have been imported from
Europe in abundance.
MILLER SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE, ZOOLOGY, AND
BOTANY.
Prof. John R. Page.
This school is divided into three classes, viz: Agriculture, Zoology,
and Botany.
Class I.—Agriculture.
This course is divided into two parts, Scientific and Practical.
1. The Scientific course comprises a review of what is known of the
chemical composition, the structure and the functions of the organs of
plants; and of the atmosphere and soil, as related to vegetable production.
2. The course on Practical Agriculture comprises the study of the
nature and formation of soils; their exposure and drainage; the best
methods of tillage; and the use of manures and fertilizers, with experiments
to show their effects. Special instruction is given in the mechanical
operations of the farm, and in the practical management of teams.
This class is continued throughout the whole session.
Class II.—Zoology.
This class includes the study of the leading principles of the science,
with special reference to the anatomy, physiology and morphology of
typical species, throughout the animal kingdom.
Special lectures are given during this course on insects injurious to
vegetation, on fish and oyster culture, and on the breeding, rearing, and
diseases of domestic animals.
The fine collection of Zoological specimens in the Brooks Museum
affords excellent facilities for study in this class. This class is continued
until the examination, about the middle of March.
Class III.—Botany.
This is commenced about the middle of March, and is continued until
the end of the session.
The time is mainly devoted to the study of flowering plants—their
analysis and determination. Cryptogamic Botany, especially fungi and
fungoid diseases of plants, receive as much attention as circumstances
allow.
These classes may be taken separately; and a certificate of proficiency
will be conferred for satisfactory attainment in the class of Botany.
The following Text-Books are used in this school:
"How Crops Grow," and "How Crops Feed," by Johnson;" "Scientific Agriculture,"
by Pendleton; "Manual of Zoology," by Nicholson; "School and Field Book
of Botany," by Gray.
The following may be usefully referred to in connection with different parts of the
course: Carpenter's "Zoology;" Harris' "Insects Injurious to Vegetation;" Mivart's
Comparative Anatomy;" "Flora of the Southern States," by Chapman; "How to
Farm Profitably," by Mechi; "Armsby on Cattle Feeding," and "Law's Veterinary
Adviser."
CORCORAN SCHOOL OF NATURAL HISTORY AND
GEOLOGY.
Prof. W. M. Fontaine, M. A.
This school is divided into three classes, viz: Geology, Mineralogy,
and Botany.[2]
I. Geology.—The subject of Geology will be taught during the entire
session, and three lectures per week will be devoted to it. The aim
of the course of instruction is to give as thorough an exposition of the
fundamental principles of the science as possible, and to teach the student
how to use them in practical work in the field. Special reference
is made to the Geology of America.
Text-Books.—The Professor's Lectures, and Le Conte's Elements of Geology.
For reference: Dana's Manual, and Lyell's Elements and Principles of Geology.
II. Mineralogy.—The subject of Mineralogy will be studied until
the intermediate examination in February. Two lectures per week will
be devoted to it. Special attention will be paid to crystallography, as
well as to the chemical and physical properties of minerals. In Descriptive
Mineralogy, the mode of occurrence, the geological importance and
relations of the species, will be made prominent.
Text-Books.—The Professor's Lectures, and Dana's Manual of Mineralogy and
Lithology. For reference: Dana's Text-Book of Mineralogy.
The excellent collections of Geological, Mineralogical, and Botanical
specimens in the Lewis Brooks Museum of Natural History, afford facilities
for the study and illustration of the principles taught.
Note.—Persons engaged in the study of Geology and Mineralogy,
though not members of the University class, can, with the leave of the
Professor, and by paying $25 to the Proctor, join the party of the Professor
in the prosecution of the field explorations and work during the
months of May and June.
Note.—The lectures on Geology and Mineralogy will terminate the
last of April, when the Professor will begin Field Explorations and Work
with his class, and continue it for two months.
Note.—The hours of lecture will be appointed by the Professor, so as to avoid conflict
with other schools.
For the present, the subject of Botany is transferred to the School of Agriculture,
Zoology, and Botany.
SCHOOL OF PRACTICAL ASTRONOMY.
Prof.——, (To be elected.)
In connection with the Leander McCormick Observatory, liberal
friends of the University have endowed a Chair of Practical Astronomy,
to be held by the Director of the Observatory. This school will, it is
hoped, be open to students in the session of 1882-'83.
GRADUATE STUDIES IN THE SCIENTIFIC
DEPARTMENT.
School of Mathematics.—The Graduate course in the School of
Mathematics will consist of selected studies in the Higher Algebra,
Higher Modern Geometry, the Infinitesimal Calculus and some of its
applications, or in the elements of quaternions.
School of Natural Philosophy.—For Graduate studies in the
School of Natural Philosophy, the student is referred to the paragraph
"Practical Physics," page 34.
School of General and Industrial Chemistry.—Graduate Course.
—The principal part of this course will consist of practical laboratory
work on subjects of original investigation; but advanced reading
may also be prescribed, especially in the shape of the bibliography of
particular topics, to be looked up from various sources and condensed
by the student.
In the Agricultural Department there is a Graduate Scholarship
now in force. The incumbent can select the schools in which he desires
to work.
The Graduate course in the School of Agriculture, Zoology and
Botany consists in a prescribed course of study in Animal and Vegetable
Physiology, in Cattle Breeding and Cattle Feeding, and in Rural
Economy.
Natural History and Geology.—In this school no fixed course of
study will be laid down for Graduates. Subjects will be selected from
one or more of the branches included in the school, and assigned to
the students. As far as possible, original research will be required in
the treatment of the subjects chosen.
GRADUATE STUDIES IN LITERARY DEPARTMENT.
School of Modern Languages.—Gentlemen who desire to continue
their studies in this Department will be offered a two-fold course, viz.
1. A course of Lectures on Linguistique, for which a certain amount
of knowledge in the Ancient and (at least) two Modern Languages will
be required. Such works as Hovelacque's, Diez, Sayce, and the like, will
be used as text-books, and constant reference will be made to older forms
of living tongues, as well as to trustworthy extracts from ancient works.
2. A course on any one or two modern languages, either for the purpose
of thoroughly studying one idiom from the oldest to its present
form, with illustrations from its literature through its whole life-time; or
for the purpose of comparing a class of idioms, like the members of the
Romance or the Slavic families, with each other or with other families,
according to their lexical, grammatical, or psychological nature.
School of Moral Philosophy.—Students taking a Graduate course
will study the history of philosophy, ancient and modern, and such
special systems as the Professor may select; also the history of economic
legislation, and sociology.
School of History, Literature, and Rhetoric.—The Graduate
course in this school, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, will
be varied from year to year, but will always be designed to train the
Some historical period, with the contemporaneous intellectual condition,
or some definite period of the English Language, with the accompanying
social, political, and literary development of the people, will be made the
subject of study. Such instructions and directions as may be required
to render these pursuits efficacious will be given throughout the session.
Graduate Course in Greek.—This course is designed for advanced
students that are making a special and exclusive professional
study of Greek Philology. Such students are required to spend two
hours each week with the Professor in critical reading and discussion of
Greek authors. Extensive courses of Greek reading, both for these
hours and for private study, are marked out at the beginning of each
session, varying from year to year. Selected text-books, in English,
German, or French, on the Political and Literary History of the Greeks,
and on the Grammar and Historical Grammar of the Greek language,
are assigned for private study. Incessant practice in Greek composition
is given. Two theses, one in English and one in Latin, on subjects
connected with the language or the history of the Greeks, and demanding
independent research, are required as evidence of power to do original
work. The accuracy and extent of the student's knowledge of the
subjects studied are tested by examinations.
THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.
JAMES L. CABELL, M. D., M. A., LL. D.,
Professor of Comparative Anatomy, Physiology, and Surgery.
Text-Books.—Dalton's Physiology; Wilson's Manual of Hygiene and Sanitary
Science, 4th ed., 1880; Ashurst's Surgery. For reference: Flint's Text-Book of Physiology,
Stephen Smith's Operative Surgery, Ranney on Surgical Diagnosis (2d ed.),
Green's Pathology.
JOHN STAIGE DAVIS, M. D., M. A,
Professor of Anatomy and Materia Medica.
Text-Books.—Wilson or Gray's Anatomy, and Farquharson's Materia Medica.
JAMES F. HARRISON, M. D.,
Professor of Medical Jurisprudence, Obstetrics, and Practice of Medicine.
Text-Books.—Taylor's Medical Jurisprudence (last edition), Playfair's with Roberts'
Midwifery (last edition), Roberts' Practice of Medicine (last edition), Hartshorne's Essentials.
J. W. MALLET, Ph. D., M. D., F. R. S.,
Professor of Chemistry and Pharmacy.
Text-Books.—Fowne's Chemistry and Parrish's Pharmacy.
WILLIAM B. TOWLES, M. D.,
Demonstrator of Anatomy.
The Medical Department of the University aims at thorough work in
its special province, to wit: the instruction of the student in the principles
of medicine, and his discipline in the modes of acquiring and applying
knowledge. Thus, whilst the only solid foundation of professional
attainments is laid, the mental faculties are expanded and strengthened
for that growth in knowledge, usefulness and distinction to which every
one who enlists in an honorable and responsible profession should aspire
The organization and arrangements by which these aims are successfully
accomplished may be briefly stated:
ARRANGEMENT OF STUDIES.
The length of the session (nine months) renders it convenient and
eligible to distribute the subjects of instruction among a smaller number
of Professors than in the other medical schools of the United States,
whose sessions are only four or five months long. Thus, to one Professor
is assigned Physiology and Surgery; to another, Human Anatomy
and Materia Medica; to a third, Chemistry and Pharmacy; and to a
fourth, Medical Jurisprudence, Obstetrics, and the Practice of Medicine.
This distribution makes it practicable to bring the different subjects to
the attention of the student in their natural and successive order. The
arrangement of the lectures is such that he acquires a competent knowledge
of Anatomy, Physiology and Chemistry before he enters upon the
study of the principles and practice of Medicine and Surgery, which can
only be studied properly in the light shed upon them by the former.
The instructions in Materia Medica and Pharmacy are also given in due
relation to the progress of the student in chemistry.
LECTURES AND DAILY EXAMINATIONS.
Favored as the student is in the comprehensiveness, scientific basis
and order of his studies, he is not less favored by arrangements which
give ample time for the preparation of every lecture, and address motives
to him for such preparation. Each professor gives three regular lectures
a week, with occasional extra lectures, making the average weekly
aggregate not over fourteen, or a little more than two a day. The
student, therefore, is not over-burdened with lecture-room attendance.
He has time for study in his private room, to consult books, and compare
their teachings with the oral instructions of his Professor, and to digest
and systematise his acquisitions from both sources. The daily examinations
which precede every lecture supply the stimulus to regular and
active study, serve as summary reviews of what he has already heard or
read, and as correctives of any misconceptions he may have fallen into
in his hearing or reading. The daily examinations constitute a very
valuable part of the exercises of the Institution, and are taken into account
in determining the fitness of a student for graduation.
APPARATUS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
The equipment of the Medical Department in apparatus, specimens
and drawings, is extensive and excellent. The collection of paintings
several hundred in number, is unequalled by anything of the kind in the
United States, or perhaps abroad.
PRACTICAL ANATOMY AND DISSECTION.
The Department furnishes every facility for the study of practical
Anatomy that can be furnished in similar institutions elsewhere. Adequate
provision is made for the supply of subjects, and each student has
the opportunity, by actual dissection under the guidance of a Demonstrator
of Anatomy, of acquiring a practical knowledge of the structure
of the human body in all its parts.
DEGREES.
The degree of Doctor of Medicine is conferred upon such students as
prove their fitness for the same by rigid and searching examination. It
has ever been the policy of the Institution to make its honors testimonials
of merit, and not certificates of attendance on a prescribed
course of instruction.
LABORATORY COURSES FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS.
In addition to the usual course of Medical Lectures, two special
courses of instruction will be given by the Professor of Analytical Chemistry
to such Medical Students as may desire to pursue them:
1st, Sixteen lessons in the practical applications of Chemistry to
Medicine, (the detection of poisons, chemical and microsopic examination
of animal products, urine, blood, etc.)
2nd, Fourteen lessons in practical pharmaceutical manipulations.
Each of the above (optional) courses will be at a charge of $20 tuition
fee, and $5 for laboratory material consumed.
LAW DEPARTMENT.
JOHN B. MINOR, LL. D.,
Professor of Common and Statute Law.
STEPHEN O. SOUTHALL, LL. D.,
Professor of Civil, International, and Constitutional Law, and Equity.
This Department is organized with a view to acquaint the student
FAMILIARY AND PRACTICALLY with the principles of his profession. The
instruction is as thorough as possible, and is given partly through textbooks
and partly through lectures, with daily examination upon both.
A Moot-Court, in connection with other instruction, tends to perfect
the student in the details of practice. Under the immediate supervision
of the professors, he is required to pronounce opinions upon supposed
cases; to devise and institute remedies by suit or otherwise; to conduct
suits at law and in equity from their inception, through all their stages;
to draw wills, conveyances, and other assurances; and in short, to perform
most of the functions of a practising lawyer.
The Department comprises two schools, each of which is divided into
two classes, and the course of study is as follows:
SCHOOL OF COMMON AND STATUTE LAW.
Prof. John B. Minor, LL. D.
Junior Class.—Blackstone's Commentaries. Minor's Institutes of Common and
Statute Law, namely:
Vol. I, The Rights which Relate to the Person.
Vol. II, The Rights which Relate to Real Property.
Minor's Synopsis of Criminal Law.
Senior Class.—Stephen on Pleading. Minor's Institutes of Common and Statute
Law, namely:
Vol. IV, The Practice of the Law in Civil Cases, including Pleading.
Vol. III, The Rights which Relate to Personal Property.
☞ For reference, Virginia Code, (1873); Revised Statutes of United States.
SCHOOL OF EQUITY, MERCANTILE AND INTERNATIONAL,
CONSTITUTIONAL AND CIVIL LAW, AND GOVERNMENT.
Prof. S. O. Southall, LL. D.
Junior Class.—Vattel's International Law, with lectures, Lectures on Government,
Federalist.
Senior Class.—Smith's Mercantile Law; Greenleaf's Evidence; Adams' Equity,
with Lectures. For reference, Stephen's Digest of the Law of Evidence.
In the Department of Law, the degree of Bachelor of Law is conferred
upon those who, upon examination conducted in writing, manifest
an intimate acquaintance with the subjects taught in ALL THE CLASSES;
and to those who, upon like examination, exhibit a competent knowledge
of International and Constitutional Law, and of the Science of
Government, a Certificate of Proficiency is awarded.
In order to obtain the degree, the whole of the foregoing course must
be completed HERE, no preliminary examination being had upon entering.
The course is designed for two sessions, and in general it is not prudent
to devote less to it; the future professional success of the student
depending much upon his full mastery of it. It is a maxim sanctioned
by long and wide experience, that "he who is not a good lawyer when
he comes to the bar, will seldom be a good one afterwards." And in
order to such thorough acquaintance with the elements of the law,
thought is requisite as well as reading; and for the purpose of thought,
there must be TIME to digest, as well as INDUSTRY to acquire. One cannot
expect to gorge himself with law, as a boa constrictor does with masses
of food, and then digest it afterwards; the process of assimilation must
go on, if it is to proceed healthfully and beneficially, at the same time
with the reception of the knowledge. So the athlete judges, who wishes
to train the physical man to the most vigorous development, and the
intellectual athlete cannot do better than imitate the example.
But whilst the student is advised, as a general rule, to avoid the attempt
to complete the course in a single session, yet, if he chooses to
essay it (as some do successfully), he is admitted to stand the graduating
examinations, and if he attains the standard required, he is entitled to
his degree.
The expenses of a Law student, as appears from page 61 of this Catalogue,
amount to about $312 to $339 for a session of nine months,
commencing 1st October; or in the boarding club to about $287.50 per
session.
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING.
FRANCIS H. SMITH, M. A.,
Professor of Natural Philosophy.
CHARLES S. VENABLE, LL. D.,
Professor of Mathematics.
JOHN W. MALLET, Ph. D., M. D., LL. D., F. R. S.,
Professor of General and Applied Chemistry.
WM. M. FONTAINE, M. A.,
Professor of Natural History and Geology.
FRANCIS P. DUNNINGTON, B. Sc.,
Adjunct Professor of Analytical and Agricultural Chemistry.
WILLIAM M. THORNTON,
Adjunct Professor of Mathematics Applied to Engineering.
JOSHUA W. GORE, C. E.,
Instructor in Mathematics.
This department is designed to furnish intending engineers thorough
and practical instruction in the principles of Engineering and the
sciences connected therewith. For this purpose, in addition to the
schools of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Mineralogy,
and Geology, already existing in the University, there have been organized
(since 1867) the schools of Analytical Chemistry and of Mathematics
applied to Engineering. For the first four schools the courses of
instruction are given in detail in the Scientific Department.
SCHOOL OF ANALYTICAL AND AGRICULTURAL
CHEMISTRY.
Prof. Mallet. Adjunct Prof. Dunnington.
The course of instruction in this school is given in detail on page 37.
Among the subjects taught in it, the following are of special importance
to the engineer: Blowpipe analysis; Determination of Minerals by
means of simple tests, which also lend aid in deciding as to the
durability of rocks; Estimation of the value of Ores by means of
etc. There is also special benefit to be derived from the training in
accuracy and in delicate manipulation, and from a familiarity with the
chemical and physical properties of metals and other materials, with so
many of which the engineer constantly has to deal.
SCHOOL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS.
Prof. Thornton.
I. CIVIL ENGINEERING.
JUNIOR CLASS.
Introduction.*—The principles and practice of orthogonal, oblique,
axonometric, and perspective projections, with applications to the construction
of Shades and Shadows.
Engineering Geodesy.*—Field Instruments and Field Operations;
General Methods and Fundamental Problems of Geodesy; Stadia
Measures and Barometric Hypsometry; Surveying, Land and City, Topographical
and Government.
Engineering Construction.*—Construction and Mensuration of
Earthwork; Blasting and Quarrying; Piles and Pile Drivers; Concrete
and Puddle; Foundations.
Lines of Communication.—Location and Construction of Railways,
Highways, Canals, and Tunnels, and Canalization of Rivers.
SENIOR CLASS.
Introduction.*—Essential propositions of Dynamics, including the
theories of Motion, Force, Stress, and Energy, and the essentials of
Hydrodynamics.
Resistance of Materials.*—Theory of the strength, elasticity and
resilience of prismatic bodies exposed to Tearing, Crushing, Shearing,
Bending and Twisting, with applications to the design of ties and struts,
pins and rivets, shafts and axles, girders, cables and arches, etc.
Stability of Structures.—Strength and Stability of Elementary
Structures; Properties and Uses of Building Materials; Methods and
Operations of Building Construction, including Brickwork and Masonry,
Carpentry and Joinery, Plastering and Painting, Roofing and Iron-Work,
with specific details as to the erection and design of Walls,
Bridges, Roofs, etc.
Hydraulic Engineering.—River Engineering, Storage of Water,
Distribution of Water, Drainage and Sewerage of Cities, and Agricultural
Hydraulics.
II. MINING ENGINEERING.
In addition to the subjects marked with (*) in the course of Civil Engineering,
the following are required of Mining Engineers:
Exploitation of Mines.—After an introductory classification of Ore
Deposits under the three divisions of Lodes, Beds, and Placers, with
special reference to the mineral wealth of the United States, are treated
the Prospect, Survey and Location of Mines; the Exploitation of Lodes,
Beds, and Placers; the Methods of Underground Transport; the design
and construction of Mine Hoists; and the Drainage, Ventilation, and
Lighting of Mines.
SENIOR CLASS.
Mechanics of Machines.—The construction of crank chains, wheel
chains, pulley chains, cam chains, belt chains, and screw chains, with
applications to the design of parallel motions, valve gears, link motions,
wheel trains, belts and water rods, tackle and presses, teledynamic and
hydraulic transmissions, escapements, ratchets, cams, valves, etc., and
of reciprocating, oscillating and rotary engines, pumps, and blowers.
Theory of Prime Movers.—Hydraulic Motors, including Water-Pressure
Engines, Water-Wheels, and Turbines; Pumps and Pumping
Machinery; Thermodynamics, with applications to the design of Hot-Air
Engines, Air Compressors and Blowers, Compressed-Air Engines,
Pneumatic Transmissions, and Steam Engines; Steam Generators, including
the theory of Fuels, construction of Furnaces, Chimneys,
Boilers and their appurtenances, and the design of the Generator; and
Steam Engines, simple and compound, stationary and locomotive, with
the design of the engine and its appurtenances.
Instruction in the foregoing subjects is conveyed by a course of systematic
lectures, combined with assiduous practice in the field and at
the drawing-board, continued throughout the course.
In the lecture course the principles are carefully elucidated, the rules
of construction are deduced, and are then applied to the criticism of existing
structures and the design of proposed works.
In the field course the adjustments and use of the instruments are
carefully taught, and the student, after a thorough drill in the methods
of measuring and estimating lengths, altitudes, and angles, is required to
lines for railways, highways, and canals, and to set out curves, earthworks
and masonry.
In the course of design the easy and accurate use of pen and brush is
first acquired by exercises in projective and topographic drawing. The
student is then required, from assigned data, to compute the dimensions
of proposed structures, and on the basis of his computations to prepare
bills of material, and general and detailed drawings of the works; to
draw up specifications and furnish estimates of cost in accordance with
prices current.
To facilitate the instruction in this department, the University has
provided a commodious and well-lighted lecture room and drawing hall;
a liberal supply of field instruments, of the best construction; and models
and drawings of a large variety of structures, illustrating the best
practice of modern engineers, American and foreign.
The requisites for degrees in Engineering are given at page 59 of this
Catalogue. It is estimated that either course can be completed by a
well prepared student in two years; and the following arrangement of
studies is recommended, but not compulsory. Adequate preparation
is an accurate knowledge of the elements of Algebra, Geometry, and
Trigonometry. The ability to translate from the French and German
languages is an inestimable advantage.
Course for Degree of C. E.
1. Junior Applied Mathematics, Chemistry, Pure Mathematics.
2. Senior Applied Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Mineralogy,
and Geology.
Annual expenses, $305 to $359, according to price paid for board.
Course for Degree of M. E.
1. Junior Applied Mathematics, Physics, Pure Mathematics, General
Chemistry.
2. Senior Applied Mathematics, Industrial Chemistry, Analytical
Chemistry, Mineralogy and Geology.
Annual expenses $370 to $424, according to price paid for board.
Virginia students in this department, over eighteen years old, who
have passed the requisite entrance examinations, pay no tuition, except
in Applied Mathematics and Analytical Chemistry.
AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.
JOHN R. PAGE, M. D.,
Professor of Zoology, Botany and Agriculture.
FRANCIS H. SMITH, M. A.,
Professor of Natural Philosophy.
JOHN W. MALLET, Ph. D., M. D., LL. D., F. R. S.,
Professor of General and Applied Chemistry.
WM. M. FONTAINE, M. A.,
Professor of Natural History and Geology.
FRANCIS P. DUNNINGTON, B. Sc.,
Adjunct Professor of Analytical and Agricultural Chemistry.
WILLIAM M. THORNTON,
Adjunct Professor of Mathematics Applied to Engineering.
The late Samuel Miller, of Lynchburg, having by deed given in trust
one hundred thousand dollars for the establishment of a Department of
Scientific and Practical Agriculture at the University of Virginia, the
Trustees, under this deed, met the Rector and Visitors of the University
on the 17th of September, 1869, and arrangements were made for putting
the said department in operation. These arrangements have subsequently,
by action taken at various times, been extended and added to;
the above-named Professors have been nominated by the trustees of the
"Miller Fund," and elected by the Board of Visitors of the University;
certain lands belonging to the University have been set aside, and
brought into cultivation as an Experimental Farm; a machine for the
manufacture of drain tiles has been imported from England, and put in
operation; and implements, apparatus, models and specimens of various
kinds have been collected as material aids to the course of instruction.
In this, as in all the other departments of the University, entire freedom
of choice is left to the student as to the schools he shall attend, and
the order in which he shall attend them; and this choice will be influenced
in individual cases by the nature and extent of previous preparation,
as well as by difference of ulterior aim; but a student of average
ability, who has already had a fair general education, and who comes to
principles upon which Agriculture is based, will probably do well to select
for the first year Natural Philosophy, (Junior Class,) Chemistry (general),
Zoology, Agricultural Botany and Agriculture, and Mineralogy and Geology;
and for the second year Scientific and Practical Agriculture, Agricultural
and Industrial Chemistry (including the first Laboratory Class of
Analytical Chemistry) and Agricultural Engineering. This arrangement
of studies may, with advantage, be expanded to a course for three years,
or may be varied by the selection of other Schools when deemed desirable.
For the method of study in the respective Schools, reference
should be made to the preceding pages of this Catalogue.
The degree of Bachelor of Scientific Agriculture is conferred in this
department. (See Degrees.)
| J. F. SLAUGHTER, President. | |
| W. W. MINOR, | S. V. SOUTHALL, |
| S. W. FICKLIN, | H. W. JONES, |
| GEO. W. PALMER, | B. JOHNSON BARBOUR. |
| R. T. W. DUKE, Secretary. | |
SCHEME OF INTERMEDIATE EXAMINATIONS IN THE ACADEMIC
SCHOOLS FOR 1883.
|
|
SCHEME OF FINAL EXAMINATIONS IN THE ACADEMIC SCHOOLS
FOR 1883.
|
|
LICENTIATES.
Any person of unexceptionable character and habits, upon producing
to the Faculty satisfactory evidence of suitable capacity and attainments,
will be licensed by the Faculty to form classes for private instruction in
any school of the University, in aid of and in conformity to the public
teachings of the Professor upon any subject taught therein. The employment,
selection, and compensation of any such Licentiate is left to
the determination of the students.
SCHEME OF LECTURES.
| 8h. to 9h. | 9h. to 10h. | 10h. to 11h. | 11h. to 12½. | 12½h. to 2h. | 3½h. to 5h. | |
| MONDAY. | Sen. Greek. Jun. Latin. [1] Mineralogy. |
Sen. Latin. [1]Italian. [1]Jun. Ap. Mat. |
Hist. & Lit. Sen. Nat. Phil. [1]Spanish. Phys. & Surg. 9 to 11. |
Chemistry. Sen. Mat. Jun. Law. PROF. MINOR. |
[1]An. Chem. Sen. German. Sen. Law. PROF. SOUTHALL. Jun. Greek. |
Moral Phil. Jun. Mat. Ind. Chem. |
| TUESDAY. | Jun. French. Sen. Greek. [1]Geology. |
Jun. German | Hist. & Lit. [1]Sen. Ap. Mat. Medicine. 9 to 11. |
Jun. Nat Phil. Anatomy. Sen. Law. PROF MINOR. |
[1]An. Chem. Int. Greek. Jun. Law. PR. SOUTHALL. |
Moral Phil. [1]Ag. Chem. [1]Zoology & Ag. and Botany. |
| WEDN'DAY. | Sen. Greek. Jun. Latin. [1]Mineralogy. |
Sen. Latin. [1]Italian. [1]Jun. Ap. Mat. |
Hist & Lit. Sen. Nat. Phil. [1]Spanish. Phys & Surg. 9 to 11. |
Chemistry. Sen. Mat. Jun. Law. |
[1]An. Chem. Sen. German. Sen. Law. Jun. Greek. |
Ind. Chem. Jun. Mat. Polit. Econ. |
| THURS. | Jun French. [1]Geology. |
Sen. French. | Hist. & Lit. [1]Sen. Ap. Mat. Medicine. 9 to 11. |
Jun. Nat. Phil. Anatomy. Sen. Law. |
[1]An. Chem. Int. Mat. Jun. Law. |
Moral Phil. [1]Zoology & Ag. and Botany. |
| FRIDAY. | Sen. Greek. Jun. Latin. [1]Geology. |
Sen. Latin. [1]Jun. Ap. Mat. |
Hist. & Lit. Sen. Nat. Phil. Phys. & Surg. 9 to 11. |
Chemistry. Sen. Mat. Jun. Law. |
Int. Greek. [1]Anglo-Sax. Sen. Law. |
Polit. Econ. Jun. Mat. Ind. Chem. |
| SAT'DAY. | Jun. German. | Sen. French. | [1]Sen. Ap. Mat. Medicine. 9 to 11. |
Jun. Nat. Phil. Anatomy. Sen. Law. |
[1]An. Chem. Int. Mat. Jun. Law. |
Moral Phil. [1]Zoology & Ag. and Botany. |
Note.—The hours for lectures in the classes of Mineralogy and Geology, Agriculture,
Zoology and Botany, Italian, Spanish, Anglo-Saxon, Applied Mathematics, Analytical
Chemistry, Hebrew and Latin (post-graduate), will be arranged each session to suit the
necessities of the occasion.
EXAMINATIONS.
The examinations are of three kinds: 1, the Daily examinations; 2,
the Intermediate and Final general examinations; and 3, the examinations
for Graduation.
DAILY EXAMINATIONS.
Each Professor, before commencing the lectures of the day, examines
his class orally on the subject of the preceding lecture, as developed in
the text book and expounded in the lecture.
GENERAL EXAMINATIONS.
Two general examinations of each class are held during the session in
the presence of a committee of the Faculty, which every student is required
to stand. The first, called the Intermediate examination, is held
about the middle of the session, and embraces in its scope the subjects
of instruction in the first half of the course. The second, called the
Final examination, is held in the closing month of the session, and embraces
the subjects treated of in the second half of the course. These
examinations are conducted in writing. The questions propounded have
each numerical values attached to them. If the answers of the student
are valued in the aggregate at not less than three-fourths of the aggregate
values assigned to the questions, he is ranked in the FIRST division; if
less than three-fourths, and more than one-half, in the SECOND division;
if less than one-half and more than one fourth, in the THIRD division;
and if less than one-fourth, in the FOURTH division.
Certificates of distinction are awarded to those who attain the first
division at one or both of these examinations, and their names are published
or announced at the closing exercises of the session.
The general examinations are sufficiently comprehensive and difficult
to render it impossible for the student, without steady diligence, to secure
a place in the first division. The results, whatever they may be, are communicated
to parents and guardians respectively in the final circular of
the session.
The standing of the student at the daily and general examinations is
taken into account in ascertaining his qualifications for graduation in
any of the schools.
EXAMINATIONS FOR GRADUATION.
The examinations for graduation are held in the last month of the
session. They are conducted in each school by the professor thereof,
in the presence of two other professors, forming with him the committee
of examination for the school.
The candidates for graduation are subjected to searching interrogations
on the details and niceties as well as on the leading principles of the subject,
and they are expected to be accurately versed in all the topics
treated of in the lectures and correlative text.
These examinations are chiefly carried on in writing; but in some of
the schools they are partly oral.
As a proper acquaintance with the English language is indispensable
to the attainment of any of the honors of the Institution, all candidates
for graduation are required to exhibit in their examination due qualifications
in this respect.
DEGREES.
The degrees conferred by the University are Academic and Professional.
The Academic Degrees are:
1. Proficient — conferred for satisfactory attainments in certain
subjects of study, to-wit: In Anglo Saxon, the Junior and Intermediate
Course of Mathematics, Geology, Mineralogy, Botany, Physics,
Physiology, Medical Jurisprudence, Human Anatomy, Political Economy,
History, Literature, International Law and Government, Pharmacy,
and Agricultural Chemistry.
5. Graduate in a School — conferred for satisfactory attainments
in the leading subjects of instruction in the same, to-wit: In the
Latin Language and Literature, in the Greek Language and Literature,
In the French, German, Spanish, or Italian Language and Literature,
Mixed Mathematics, Pure Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Practical
Physics, Moral Philosophy, History, Literature, and Rhetoric, Applied
Mathematics, Analytical Chemistry, General Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry,
Zoology, Agricultural Botany and Agriculture, and Natural History,
and Geology.
3. Bachelor of Arts—conferred on such candidates as have—
1st, Attained distinction on the whole course taught in the Intermediate
Class, (or its equivalent, as fixed by the Faculty, where no
Intermediate Class exists), in the Schools of Pure Mathematics, of Latin,
of Greek, of Natural Philosophy, and of Moral Philosophy; 2nd, Graduated
in any two of the Academic Schools; and 3rd, Presented an essay,
Faculty, on some subject of science, philosophy, history or literature.
4. Doctor of Philosophy — granted to students who shall have
graduated, and obtained Post-Graduate distinction in the studies contained
in any one of the five following classes, (after having received
the degree of Bachelor of Arts, as a previous condition):
Class I. to contain—Mathematics and Mathematical Physics.
Class II. to contain—Latin and Greek.
Class III. to contain—Moral Philosophy, Political Economy, and History
and Literature.
Class IV. to contain—Modern Languages, (including Anglo-Saxon,)
History and Literature.
Class V. to contain—Experimental Physics, Chemistry, and Natural
History and Geology.
It will be perceived that the above scheme leaves unchanged the
present degrees of Proficients and Graduates in single schools, and also
the present degree of Master of Arts.
5. Master of Arts of the University of Virginia, conferred upon
students who have graduated in the Latin, Greek, French and German
Languages, Pure Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, General Chemistry,
Moral Philosophy, and History, Literature and Rhetoric, and
who have been subjected in the last year of their candidacy to a special
examination, in any two schools of their own selection, in which they
may have graduated in a previous year.
The candidate for the degree of Bachelor or Master of Arts is also required
to submit for the approval of the Faculty an essay, composed by
himself, on some subject of literature or science, which essay must be
read by the author on the Public Day, if so ordered.
By a recent order of the Board of Visitors, graduation in the School of
Natural History and Geology is admitted as a substitute for graduation
in History and Literature, or in Natural Philosophy, or in Moral Philosophy;
and the attainment of the degree of Bachelor of Arts, as at present
organized, is made necessary to the degree of Master of Arts.
The Professional Degrees are:
1. Bachelor of Law—conferred for satisfactory attainments in all the
subjects of instruction in the Schools of Law.
2. Doctor of Medicine—conferred for satisfactory attainments in
all the subjects of instruction in the several schools constituting the Medical
Department.
Candidates for the degree of Doctor of Medicine who have been previously
declared graduates in General Chemistry, or proficients in Anatomy,
Physiology, or Medical Jurisprudence, are not required to stand
the examinations in these subjects anew; and the same rule applies to
candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Law who are proficients in International
Law and Government.
3. Civil Engineer — conferred on such students as have graduated
in the Schools of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry or Industrial
Chemistry, obtained certificates of proficiency in Mathematics and in
Geology and Mineralogy, and graduated in the School of Applied Mathematics,
course of Civil Engineering, with satisfactory attainments in a
prescribed course on the Infinitesimal Calculus.
4. Mining Engineer — conferred on such students as have graduated
in the Schools of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Analytical
Chemistry, obtained certificates of proficiency in Physics, in Geology,
and Mineralogy, and in Mathematics, and graduated in the School
of Applied Mathematics, course of Mining Engineering, with satisfactory
attainments in a prescribed course on the Infinitesimal Calculus.
5. Bachelor of Scientific Agriculture—conferred on such students
as have obtained a certificate of proficiency in the Class of Physics,
distinctions in Junior Applied Mathematics, Analytical and Agricultural
Chemistry, and diplomas in the Schools of General and Industrial
Chemistry, Agriculture, Zoology, Botany, and Natural History
and Geology.
PUBLIC DAY.
On the closing day of the session, which occurs on the Thursday before
the 4th day of July, the Visitors, Faculty, Officers and Students of
the University assemble in the Public Hall, whither also the friends of
the students and the public generally are invited. On this occasion the
results of the examinations are announced, and certificates and diplomas
awarded.
EXPENSES.
1. The charges common to all classes of students, if two occupy the
same room, are as follows:
Matriculation, including Library Fee, cost of Diplomas,
| Room-Rent, Infirmary Fee, | $60 00 | |
| Contingent Deposit, | 10 00 | |
| Fuel and Lights, about | 13 50 | |
| Washing, about | 13 50 | |
| $97 00 |
(Where one student occupies a double room, $15 is added to the above
charge. Where a student lives at home, $22.50 is deducted.)
The contigent deposit is designed to cover any assessments that may
be made against the student during the session for violation of the rules
of the library, damage to books, room, etc. The residue is refunded to
the student on the settlement of his account at the close of the session.
2. Tuition.
The tuition fee in each of the Academic Schools is $25; in Applied
Mathematics, $50; in Law, $80; in Medicine, $110; in Practical Physics,
$50, with a charge of $10 for outfit. The fees for students of Analytical
and Agricultural Chemistry are as follows:
| First Laboratory Class, | $50, with $10 for materials. |
| Second Laboratory Class, | 100, with 25 for materials. |
| Third Laboratory Class, | 20, with 5 for materials. |
| Practical Pharmacy, | 20, with 5 for materials. |
Each Laboratory student (except students of Pharmacy) is required to
furnish himself with the more common and generally necessary articles
of apparatus. The cost of a suitable set need not exceed $15. Laboratory
students may attend, without additional charge, the course of lectures
on Agricultural Chemistry—the fee to others is $15.
The tuition fees of Academic students attending three schools (the
usual number attended in one session) amount to $75; of Law students
to $80; of students of Civil Engineering, attending three schools, to
$100; and of medical students, to $110.
3. Board.
There are two large boarding houses within the precints of the University,
at which the cost of board, including diet, furniture of room,
and attendance, is $18 per month. Besides these, there are several
licensed boarding houses in the immediate vicinity, at which the charges
are from $15 to $18 per month.
There are also two boarding clubs within the precincts of the University
instituted by the Faculty, and under the control of the Chairman. The
affairs of the club are administered by a superintendent appointed by
the Chairman. The accounts of the superintendent are audited monthly
by a committee, consisting of the President and two other members
of the club, before being presented to the proctor for payment. The
expense of board to each member of the club is a deposit of $5 with the
proctor for outfit of club-halls, and a monthly charge of $12 for diet, fire,
lodging rooms cost about $1.50 a month.
| Board, at $12 a month in the Club, including diet and servants' attendance, in Dining Halls, for nine months, |
$108 00 |
| Matriculation, etc., | 97 00 |
| $205 00 | |
| Board, at $15 a month, in licensed boarding-house, including furniture and attendance, for nine months, |
$135 00 |
| Matriculation, etc., | 97 00 |
| $232 00 | |
| Board, at $18 a month, in boarding-house within the precincts, including furniture and attendance, for nine months, |
$162 00 |
| Matriculation, etc., | 97 00 |
| $259 00 |
4. Total Expenses, exclusive of Books, Clothing, and PocketMoney,
for Nine Months.
| In the Clubs. | Boarding-houses. | ||
| At $12 a month. | At $15. | At $18. | |
| For Academic Students, 3 schools, | $280 00 | $307 00 | $334 00 |
| For Law Students, 2 schools, | 285 00 | 312 00 | 339 00 |
| For Engineering Students, 3 schools, | 305 00 | 332 00 | 359 00 |
| For Medical Students, 4 schools, | 315 00 | 342 00 | 369 00 |
5. Mode of Payment.
All the foregoing items are payable in advance, except board and
washing. One-third of the board is required on admission, and the
balance in equal instalments, at three and six months thereafter. Washing
is paid for monthly.
UNIVERSITY BOARDING CLUB.
Apply to the Manager of the Club for further information upon the
subject of the boarding clubs, which have been in successful operation
during several sessions. Over eighty students have been boarding in two
distinct clubs in different locations within the precincts.
Boarding Houses near the University.
Dr. Chancellor's; Mrs. Emerson's; Mrs. McKennie's; Mrs. Garth's;
Morea, by Mrs. Smith; Mrs. Smithson's; Mrs. Keller's.
VIRGINIA ACADEMIC STUDENTS.
Under a late act of the Legislature, students from Virginia over eighteen years of
age are, on examination, admitted into the Academic Schools without being required
to pay tuition fees therein.
The expenses of such students, exclusive of text-books, clothing, and pocket-money,
will be—
| For those who board, from | $232 to $259. |
| For those who mess, | $205.00. |
By authority of the General Assembly, the following regulations have been adopted
by the Board of Visitors as to the General and Special Examinations for admission of
Virginia students into the University:
General Examination.
Applicants are required to pass, once for all, to entitle them to matriculation, on
their first coming to the University, an examination in the English language and in
Arithmetic. In English, they will be required to show both a practical knowledge of the
language, as proved by orthography and by correctness in composition, and a theoretical
knowledge of the Inflections and Syntax. In Arithmetic, they will be required to
know the elementary processes, Vulgar and Decimal Fractions, Proportion, and the
metric system of Denominate Numbers.
Special Examinations.
After passing the General Examination, the Virginia students who desire to study
Latin, Greek, Mathematics, or History and Literature, will be required to pass the following
Special Examinations for each school:
I. For admission to the School of Latin—the full knowledge of the Inflections of
the language will be rigorously demanded; besides this, acquaintance with the elementary
principles of Syntax, and ability to translate any passage from Books I and II of
Cæsar's Commentaries, or from Cicero's four orations against Catiline.
II. For admission to the School of Greek—a full and exact knowledge of the Attic
Inflections, especially of the verb, will be rigorously demanded; besides this, acquaintance
with the elementary principles of Syntax, and ability to translate any passage
from the first two books of Xenophon's Anabasis.
III. For admission to the school of Mathematics—the knowledge of Algebra, embracing
the fundamental operations, simple and quadratic equations, and proportion,
and the first three books of Plane Geometry.
IV. For admission to the School of History and Literature: For the Class of History
—Modern Geography, and an Elementary History of Greece, Rome, the United States
or England; for the Class of Literature—an Elementary History of England.
For admission to the other Academic Schools, not specified above, only the General
Examination will be required. The preparation required for the advanced classes,
Iutermediate or Senior, in the several schools, is shown by the courses laid down in the
Catalogue.
The examinations of Academic Students from Virginia, over eighteen years of age,
for admission under the late act of the Legislature, will be held on the 26th, 27th, 28th,
and 29th of September.
All students that intend to apply for examination under the law are urged to report
themselves promptly to the Chairman of the Faculty before the beginning of the session,
(1st of October.) Those that come later, after the work of the session has begun, will
of necessity be subjected to inconvenience and delay.
The time of the special examinations will be fixed by the several professors, each for
his own school.
The Faculty of the University, prompted by their experience of the preliminary examinations
of the present session, wish most earnestly to call the attention of the public,
and especially of their brother teachers in Virginia, to the importance of accuracy and
thoroughness in the elements of education, especially in English orthography and composition,
in elementary geography and history, in arithmetic, and in the inflections of
the classical languages. Students that are well grounded in these elementary studies
can do well from the first, and can advance themselves steadily from class to class; but
looseness and inaccuracy of knowledge in these lead only to prolonged and disheartening
failure. The stress of the preliminary examinations will, therefore, be laid upon accuracy
in elementary knowledge.
Note.—In the schools of Greek and Mathematics, young men are advised to prepare
themselves at least for the intermediate classes.
LIBRARY, LABORATORIES, MUSEUMS AND OBSERVATORY.
LIBRARY.
F. W. Page, Librarian.
The Library of the University, originally selected and arranged by Mr.
Jefferson, and since much enlarged by purchases and donations, now
contains about 40,000 volumes.
LABORATORY OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY.
The Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry is large and well-fitted, and
capable of accommodating from fifty to seventy-five working students.
See page 38, under School of Analytical and Agricultural Chemistry.
PHYSICAL LABORATORY.
A suitable room has been assigned to this object by the Board of
Visitors. The needful fittings have been partly provided, and its
thorough equipment will be pushed forward as rapidly as funds for the
purpose can be obtained.
THE LEWIS BROOKS MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
The Lewis Brooks Museum contains collections illustrating the subjects
of Geology, Mineralogy, Zoology and Botany. Each of the collections
is selected so as to exemplify the principles of these sciences, and,
at the same time, to exhibit a large variety of objects for study. Its
primary object is to serve as an aid in teaching Natural History.
In Geology the collections are large and well selected. The specimens
of rocks show all the different kinds classified according to mineral
character, and the formations in which they occur. The collection
of fossils, plaster casts, maps, etc., etc., is exceptionally fine, and fully
illustrates Historical Geology. In Mineralogy the principles of the
science are made plain by well-chosen suites of specimens, models of
crystals, etc., etc. The general collection of minerals contains all the
important minerals, and many of the rarer ones, in good specimens.
The science of Zoology is well illustrated by a fine and large collection
plaster casts, etc., etc. In Botany the collections contain charts, papier-maché
models of flowers, fruits, sections of wood, etc., etc. The bulk
of the collection is in the form of an herbarium selected from the most
important and interesting botanical regions of the world.
In addition to the above, a beginning has been made in the formation
of a collection to illustrate the geology and mineralogy of the State, and
this will be increased as rapidly as possible.
MUSEUM OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY.
This Museum contains a very large number of specimens illustrating
the products and processes of Chemistry applied to the arts and manufactures,
and so arranged as to be a most valuable aid to the student of
Industrial Chemistry. (See School of General and Applied Chemistry,
p. 36.)
LEANDER McCORMICK ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY.
This Observatory, which is now in the process of building on the
University grounds, the institution owes to the munificence of Leander
J. McCormick, Esq., of Chicago. It will contain the great refracting
telescope of 26½ inches aperture, constructed for Mr. McCormick by
Alvan Clark & Sons, and given by him to the University. When completed,
the Observatory will be fitted with the working apparatus of the
best modern observatories. The directorship has been endowed with the
sum of $50,000 by friends of the University; and an additional sum of
$25,000 given to the institution by Wm. H. Vanderbilt, Esq., of New
York, has been invested, that the income may form a working fund for
the Observatory. (See School of Practical Astronomy, page 41.)
| A catalogue of the officers and students of the University of Virginia | |