 | Catalogue of the University of Virginia |  |
Literary and Scientific Schools:
I.—LATIN.
PROFESSOR HARRISON.
The subjects of instruction are the Latin Language and the
Roman History and Literature. It is endeavored to make the
practical study of the language more thorough and more profitable,
by connecting it with the scientific investigation of the
doctrines of the grammar and of the etymology. The latter involves
a regard to comparative etymology.
To the Roman History and Literature, with the related subjects,
so much attention is given as is found to be compatible
with the duty, more urgent as yet, of meeting the actual wants
of students in regard to the practical knowledge of the language,
and to a just theory of it. They occupy, however, as heretofore
they have done, one-third of the time allotted to the Senior
Class.
Text Books.—In the Junior Class: Zumpt's Latin Grammar,
the Professor's Exposition, Arnold's Latin Prose Composition,
Virgil, Horace, Terence, Cæsar's Commentarii, Cicero's Orations,
and his Epistolæ ad Diversos, (Familiares,) Freund's Lexicon,
abridged by Andrews, and Riddle's English Latin Lexicon.
In the Senior Class: the same Grammar and Lexicons, the
Professor's Exposition, Horace, Juvenal, Livy, Tacitus, and Cicero's
Epistolæ ad Diversos, (Familiares.) Other authors, and
parts of authors, are recommended to be read privately by the
student, both for exercise in the language, and for the acquisition
of the only knowledge of the literature that is comparatively of
much profit; e. g. Cicero de Officiis, de Republica, &c., Terence,
Plautus, &c.
In the Roman History and Literature, Arnold's History of
Rome, Niebuhr's Roman History, the History of Rome published
by U. Kn. Soc., Long's Ancient Atlas, Smith's Dictionary of
Greek and Roman Antiquities, (2d ed.,) and Browne's History of
Roman Literature, are recommended.
The students of both classes are required to furnish written
exercises, chiefly translations from English into Latin.
In the examination of candidates for degrees, the passages
of authors which have been read and explained in the
lecture-room, but from the classic writers at will.
II.—GREEK.
PROFESSOR GILDERSLEEVE.
The subjects taught in this school, are:
1. The Greek language.
2. Greek literature.
3. History of Greece.
The method of instruction comprises lectures, (systematic and
exegetical,) examinations and written exercises.
This school is divided into two classes—Junior and Senior.
The classic authors read in the Senior Class, are principally:
Thucydides, Sophocles, Euripides and Plato; in the Junior
Class: Xenophon, Herodotus, Homer and Demosthenes. A private
course of parallel and preparatory reading is also prescribed
for each class.
Works of reference.—For the lectures on the structure and
syntax of the language, Kühner's Grammar.
For the lectures on the History of Greece, (Senior Class,)
Thirlwall's and Grote's History of Greece.
The written exercises and the comments on the corrections
constitute a prominent feature in the plan of instruction.
4. The Hebrew language.
Text Books.—Biblia Hebraica, Rödiger's Gesenius' Hebrew
Grammar, and Gesenius' Lexicon Manuale Hebraicum et Chaldaicum.
III.—MODERN LANGUAGES.
PROFESSOR SCHELE DE VERE.
ASSISTANT INSTRUCTORS:
A. VON FISCHERZ, G. BAILLARD, G. LANZA.
The subjects taught in this school, are:
1. The French, Italian, Spanish and German Languages.
2. The Literature of these Languages, and the history of
each idiom, embracing the general principles of the formation
and growth of languages, and of Comparative Grammar and
Philology.
3. The Anglo-Saxon Language, and, in connexion with it, the
History and Laws of the English Language.
It is a primary object of this school to teach the students not
only to write, but to speak, and to converse easily in the living
languages taught, and to this end the classes, in the hands of native
teachers, are thoroughly drilled in sections.
Two degrees in this school are required for the degree of A. M.
IV.—MATHEMATICS.
PROFESSOR BLEDSOE.
ASSISTANT INSTRUCTORS:
ROBERT T. MASSIE AND JAMES G. CLARK.
In this school there are four classes:
In the first, or Junior Class, the student commences with the
study of Algebra; as he is supposed to have rendered himself
familiar with the various rules of Arithmetic before he enters the
University. After the first difficulties of Algebra are mastered,
the subjects of Algebra and Geometry are alternately pursued,
until they are completed. Trigonometry and Surveying are also
taught to this class.
In the second, or Intermediate Class, the subjects taught are:
Nautical Astronomy, Navigation, Descriptive Geometry, with its
application to Spherical Projections, Shades, Shadows, and Perspective,
and Analytical Geometry.
The Senior Class studies the Differential and Integral Calculus.
To this class, a course of lectures is delivered on the History
of Mathematics, and another course on the Philosophy of
Mathematics.
There is also a class of Mixed Mathematics, designed exclusively
for such of the more advanced students as may desire to
study the subjects taught therein.
The course embraces the mathematical investigation of the
general laws of equilibrium and motion, both of solids and fluids,
with a variety of applications, especially to Physical Astronomy.
The instruction in each class is conveyed partly by lectures,
and partly by the systematic study of approved text-books, the
student being assisted by full and frequent explanations from the
Professor, and being constantly subjected to rigid examinations.
The progress of the student in every class is also tested by his
acquired are applied to the solution of particular problems.
The text-books used are: For the Junior Class, Davies' Bourdon's
Algebra, Legendre's Geometry and Trigonometry. For
the Intermediate Class, Pierce's Trigonometry, Davies' Surveying,
Descriptive Geometry and Analytical Geometry. For the Senior
Class, Courtenay's Differential and Integral Calculus. For the
Class of Mixed Mathematics, Pratt's Mechanical Philosophy.
Any student entering the school has the privilege of attending
all or any of the classes, as he may elect, and if prepared to enter
an advanced class, may often find it highly advantageous to
review his previous studies by attendance on a lower class also.
V.—NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
PROFESSOR SMITH.
This school embraces three classes. Instruction is given in
each class by lectures and the study of text-books, accompanied
by daily examinations.
1. The Junior Class meets three times each week. The object
of the course of lectures to this class is to furnish the student
with a comprehensive view of Modern Physics, and to make
him familiar with its methods of investigation. With the design
of laying a thoroughly scientific basis for the course, a large
space is given, at the outset, to the discussion of the cardinal
doctrines of motion and force. These doctrines are established,
and their leading consequences traced without the use of technical
or mathematical language. Their application to the equilibrium
and motion of solids and fluids is fully presented. Under
these heads a great variety of topics is introduced, embracing
among others, the Centre of Gravity, Theory of Machinery,
Friction, Pendulum and its uses, Figure of the Earth, Mean density
of the Earth, Laws of Gravitation, Construction and uses of
Barometer, Construction and action of Hydraulic, Pneumatic
and Hydro-Pneumatic Engines, &c.
The subject of Molecular Physics, for which the student is
now prepared, is next taken up and occupies the remainder of
the session. The structure of matter, and the laws of molecular
actions are explained in the light of experiment, and the atomic hypotheses
of Newton, Boscovich, Mossotti and others are examined.
The effects of the intermolecular forces are investigated, as they
and gases. Their dynamical action in the phenomena of
wave motion, both superficial and internal, is traced, Newton's rule
for the wave velocity established, and the exceptions explained.
The Lectures then proceed to the subject of sound, including its
origin, mode of propagation, velocity in different media, reflection,
refraction and interference, and the theory and sources of
musical sounds. To this succeeds an extended discussion of
Light, both common and polarized; embracing the propagation,
reflection, single and double refraction, and interference of each
kind of Light, and a full examination of the various theories of
Light. The subject of Heat is then considered, commencing with
Radiant Heat, its velocity, reflection, refraction, transmission and
polarization: passing on to the physical effects of Heat, in Expansion,
Liquefaction and Vaporization and including Thermometry
and Calorimetry. In this connection, the theory and action of
the Steam Engine are presented. Throughout this discussion,
constant reference is had to the modern Mechanical theory of
Heat. The course of lectures terminates with the subject of
Electricity, Franklinian and Voltaic, connected with Magnetism,
Dia Magnetism, Electro-Magnetism and Magneto-Electricity.
Throughout the course, the applications of the science to Meteorology,
Geology and Astronomy are noticed as they arise.
This department possesses a large collection of drawings, and
an ample cabinet of apparatus for the illustration of the lectures.
Among the instruments lately procured, may be mentioned, Dubosc's
collection of apparatus for exhibiting optical phenomena
to a large assembly; Ruhmkorff's apparatus for Diamagnetic
Experiments: Ritchie's Ruhmkorff's Coil, and a full set of Geissler's
tubes for stratified electric light.
Reference is made in this class to Rogers' Mechanical Philosophy
and to Lardner's Hand-books.
2. The Senior Class meets twice a week. Here certain portions
of the Junior course are more minutely discussed by the
aid of the lower Mathematics. This class studies, in addition,
the subject of Astronomy.
Text Books in Astronomy.—Herschel, Norton, Loomis.
MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY.
3. These subjects are assigned to a separate class, which the
members of the other classes in the school may attend at their
which is treated with especial reference to Geology, to
which it is designed to be an introduction. In the lectures on
Geology, the specific identity of ancient and modern Geological
causes is pointed out, the present action of these causes, whether
atmospheric, aqueous or igneous considered, and their effects in
the past history of our planet examined. The illustrations are
drawn, as far as possible, from the Geological structure of our
own country in general and Virginia in particular.
The students have an opportunity of familiarizing themselves
with the minerals, rocks and fossils exhibited in the lectures.
Text Books.—Dana, Lyell, Jukes.
VI.—CHEMISTRY.
PROFESSOR MAUPIN.
ASSISTANT INSTRUCTOR: DAVID K. TUTTLE.
The course of lectures in this school commences with an exposition
of the phenomena and laws of Heat, Light and Electricity,
to the extent rendered necessary by their relations to Chemistry.
The subject of Inorganic Chemistry is then taken up. The
nomenclature, and chemical symbols and notation are explained,
and the history of the non-metallic elements and their combinations
with each other, very fully presented. Then follows a discussion
of the general principles of Chemical Philosophy, including
the Laws of Combination, the Atomic Theory and Theory
of Volumes, and Simple and Current Affinity.
The consideration of the Metals comes next in order. After
preliminary notices of their general properties, the constitution
and classification of Salts, &c., they are taken up individually
and very fully considered, together with their compounds with
the non-metallic elements, and their saline combinations.
The concluding part of the course is devoted to Organic
Chemistry, embracing the consideration of organic Analysis;
the Neutral Principles and their transformations by the action of
ferments and other agencies; the Doctrine of Compound Radicals;
the various series in which such radicals have been traced;
the Vegetable Acids; the Alkaloids, &c.
The processes for detecting Poisons, and the means of counteracting
their effects are presented in their proper connections:
of the science to Medicine, Agriculture and the Arts, are
duly noticed.
Books recommended.—Fownes' Chemistry, as a text-book;
Graham's Elements; Regnault's Elements, and Abel & Bloxam's
Hand-book of Chemistry for reference.
DEPARTMENT OF PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY.
In this department, under the charge of Dr. Tuttle, is given
a systematic course of instruction in Qualitative and Quantitative
Analysis; in the prosecution of which Mineral Assays, Metallurgy,
Analysis of Mineral Waters, Soils, and Fertilizers, and
Examination for Poisons, Pharmaceutical Preparations and the
various determinations required in the practice of Medicine, receive
a due share of attention.
The Laboratory is kept open, and the Instructor gives his
personal attention to the students therein, from 9 o'clock, A. M.,
to 5 o'clock, P. M., for five days in the week throughout the
session.
Text Books.—Will's Outlines of Chemical Analysis, Fresenius'
Quantitative Analysis, Wöhler's Hand-book of Inorganic
Analysis.
VII.—MORAL PHILOSOPHY.
PROFESSOR McGUFFEY.
There are two classes in this school.
The Senior Class studies Mental and Moral Philosophy, the
first half of the session, Logic, Belles-Lettres and Criticisms, the
second.
Books requisite for the Senior Class:
Mental Philosophy—Cousin, Reed and Hamilton.
Moral Philosophy—Stewart, Jouffroy, Butler and Alexander.
Logic—Whately and Mill.
Belles-Lettres—Campbell, Kames.
The Junior Class studies Political Economy.
Books requisite for the Junior Class:
Political Economy—Say and J. S. Mill.
Four lectures each week are given to the Senior Class, and
two to the Junior.
VIII.—HISTORY AND GENERAL LITERATURE.
PROFESSOR HOLMES.
This School is divided into two distinct Classes, one of History,
the other of Literature. To the former two lectures in
the week are devoted; to the latter one; but exercises in literary
composition are required from the members of the class.
Either study may be pursued separately. A diploma will be
granted for proficiency in both branches; a certificate of distinction
for proficiency in one.
HISTORY.
In the Historical Class the successions, revolutions and various
aspects of the principal nations of the world, are considered in
such a manner as to afford a general view of the gradual and
ever enlarging progress of political and social organizations, from
the rude types of savage life to the complicated forms of modern
freedom. Institutions and laws are discussed as the natural
manifestations of the different phases of society; and an attempt
is made to discover and elucidate the conditions of historical advancement,
and to reduce the changes of nations and governments
to the operation of regular principles.
In the absence of appropriate text-books the following will be
employed for study and reference:
Schmitz's Manual of Ancient History; Smith's History of
Greece; Schmitz's History of Rome; Gibbon abridged by
Smith; Guizot's History of Civilization; Hume's History of
England, abridged.
For reference: Long's Ancient Atlas; Appleton's Atlas;
Blair's Chronology, Bohn's edition.
LITERATURE.
In the Class of Literature attention is confined to the study of
the English Language and its Literature. The origin, growth
and philological peculiarities of the language will be considered;
the various influences, domestic and external, by which it has
been brought to its present condition will be explained; the lives
of its most eminent authors will be studied in their historical
order and connection; and the critical examination and appreciation
of the time. In addition to this, the Class will be required
to practice literary composition.
Text-books are more deficient in this branch of study, than
even in History. The following will be used for the present:
Spalding's History of English Literature; Shaw's Outlines of
General Literature; Shakespeare; Aiken's British Poets.
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