 | Catalogue of the University of Virginia |  |
SCHOOLS.
I.—ANCIENT LANGUAGES.
PROFESSOR HARRISON.
ASSISTANT INSTRUCTOR, EDWARD S. JOYNES, A. M.
In this school are taught the Latin and Greek Languages; the
Greek and Roman History, Geography, and Literature; and the
Hebrew Language. The instruction is given partly by lectures
and examinations, and partly by comments on portions of the
text-books appointed to be read by the students.
In Latin there are two classes, a Junior and a Senior, and so in
Greek.
The text-books used in the several classes are chiefly the following:
1. In the Junior Latin Class: Zumpt's Latin Grammar, the
Professor's Exposition of some of the laws of the Latin Language,
Virgil, Horace, Cicero's Orations and his Epistolæ ad Diversos,
Terence, and Cæsar's Commentaries; the last chiefly with a view
to the written exercises.
2. In the Senior Latin Class: Zumpt's Latin Grammar, the
Professor's Exposition, Horace, Juvenal, Livy and Tacitus.
3. In the Junior Greek Class: Kühner's Elementary Greek
Grammar, Xenophon's Anabasis, an oration of Demosthenes,
Herodotus, and a play of Euripides or Æschylus. The Greek-English
Lexicon of Liddell and Scott is that preferred.
4. In the Senior Greek Class: Kühner's Larger Greek Grammar,
Euripides, Sophocles, Thucydides, and Homer.
5. For the Roman History, studied in the Senior Latin Class,
Arnold's History of Rome is used as a text-book. Niebuhr's
History of Rome, and the History of Rome published by the Society
for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, and the maps of
ancient Italy published by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful
Knowledge, or Findlay's Ancient Atlas, are recommended.
6. For the Ancient History of Greece, studied in the Senior
Greek Class, the History of Greece published by the Society for
the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, or Thirlwall's, or Grote's
History of Greece, and the maps published by the Society for the
Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, or Findlay's Ancient Atlas, are
recommended.
It is expected of the students of Latin and Greek, that they will
read in their rooms such authors and parts of authors, prescribed
by the Professor, as cannot be read in the lecture-room;—e.g.
Cicero's Epistles to Atticus, his Orations (selected), and Treatise
De Republica, Sallust, Virgil, Terence, Plautus, Æschylus, Sophocles,
Euripides, Aristophanes, Demosthenes, Æschines, Thucydides,
Plato, &c.
As an essential part of the plan of instruction, the students of
each class are required to furnish written exercises. These consist
in the conversion of Latin or Greek into English, and of English
into Latin or Greek. The exercises are examined by the Professor
and the errors marked; they are then returned to the students,
and the corrections stated and explained in the presence of the
class.
7. Hebrew: The text-books are Biblia Hebraica, Nordheimer's
or Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, amd Gesenii Lexicon Manuale
Hebr. et Chald., or Sauerwein's edition of Rehkopf's Lex.
Hebr. Chald.
In the written translations required as a test of the qualifications
of candidates for degrees, the passages used are selected by the
committee of examination, not from the portions of authors which
have been read and explained in the lecture-room, but at will
from the classic writers generally.
II.—MODERN LANGUAGES.
PROFESSOR SCHELE DE VERE.
ASSISTANT INSTRUCTOR, S. E. W. BECKER.
The subjects taught in this school are:
1. The French, Italian, Spanish and German Languages, and
the English in its Anglo-Saxon form.
2. The Literature of these Languages and the history of each
idiom.
3. The History and Geography of Europe, from the fall of the
Roman Empire to the present day.
Instruction, also, is given in Comparative Philology and the
principles of the Science of Language. The influence of the
history of nations on their language and literature is explained
and exemplified by extracts from their respective authors, and
constant attention given to the connection between Philology and
Ethnology.
There are three classes in French and two in German, one for
beginners, the others for more advanced students; and the same
Opportunity is also given, in private, to practice speaking the languages.
The method of instruction is by lectures, examinations,
written exercises, and comments on the text books as read in the
lecture-room; the principal classic authors in each language being
used for this purpose.
Two degrees in this school are required for the degree of A. M.
III.—MATHEMATICS.
PROFESSOR COURTENAY.
ASSISTANT INSTRUCTOR, ALEXANDER L. NELSON.
In this school there are four classes.
Of these, the Junior commences with the theory of Arithmetic,
the student being supposed to have rendered himself practically
familiar with its various rules before entering the University. The
elements of Algebra are then taught, and after the first difficulties
are mastered, the subjects of Algebra and Synthetic Geometry are
pursued simultaneously.
In the second or Intermediate Class, the course of Algebra,
commenced in the preceding class, is completed, and there are
taught successively the theory of Plane and Spherical Trigonometry,
with the application of the former to the measurement of
heights and distances, and of the latter to Nautical Astronomy,
the theory and practice of Land Surveying and Levelling, Navigation,
and Descriptive Geometry, with its applications to Spherical
Projections, Shadows, and Perspective.
The Senior Class begins with the subject of Analytical Geometry,
and subsequently studies the Differential Calculus, concluding
the course of Pure Mathematics with the Integral Calculus.
There is also a class of Mixed Mathematics, designed exclusively
for such of the more advanced students as may desire to
study the subjects taught therein.
The course embraces the mathematical investigation of the general
laws of equilibrium and motion, both of solids and fluids,
with a variety of applications, especially to Physical Astronomy.
The instruction in each class is conveyed partly by lectures,
and partly by the systematic study of approved text-books, the
student being assisted by full and frequent explanations from the
Professor, and being constantly subjected to rigid examinations.
The progress of the student in every class is also tested by his
being required to perform written exercises, in which the principles
acquired are applied to the solution of particular problems.
The text books used are:—For the Junior Class, Lacroix' or
Davies' Arithmetic, Davies' Bourdon's Algebra, and Legendre's
Geometry and Trigonometry, Davies' Surveying and
Descriptive Geometry. For the Senior Class, Davies' Analytical
Geometry, Young's Differential Calculus, and Young's Integral
Calculus. For the class of Mixed Mathematics, Pratt's Mechanical
Philosophy.
Any student entering the school has the privilege of attending
all or any of the classes, as he may elect, and if prepared to enter
an advanced class, may often find it highly advantageous to review
his previous studies by an attendance on a lower class also.
IV.—NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
PROFESSOR FRANCIS H. SMITH.
There are three classes in this school: the Junior and Senior
classes of Natural Philosophy, and the class of Geology and Mineralogy.
The Junior course commences with an exposition of the leading
doctrines of equilibrium and motion, so far as they can be
established by an easy deduction from admitted axioms, aided,
when necessary, by simple geometrical theorems. Notice is
taken of the application of these doctrines to machinery, and to
the figure and motions of the planetary bodies. This is followed
by an account of the structure and physical properties of fluids,
including a discussion of the laws of their pressure and motion,
with their applications, and the theory and construction of the
principal Pneumatic and Hydraulic machines. The relations
between the several forms of matter, and the laws of Endosmose
and Capillarity, are then presented. The latter part of the
course is devoted to Acoustics, Optics, Heat, Electricity and Magnetism.
Full and frequent experimental illustrations of the subjects
taught are given, whenever practicable.
The course of study in the Senior class embraces a mathematical
discussion of the doctrines of Statics and Dynamics, the
laws of Friction and Strength of Materials, concluding with Pur
Astronomy.
The class in Mineralogy and Geology is first occupied with a
study of the formation, properties and localities of the leading
minerals, and the simpler methods of recognition and analysis.
This is succeeded by a presentation of the leading facts and
generalizations of geology, illustrated by sections and diagrams.
Throughout the course, specimens of the most important minerals
and rocks are exhibited.
Text-Books.—Elements of Mech. Philosophy, by Professor
W. B. Rogers; Lardner's Hand-books; Smith's Mechanics;
Dana's Mineralogy; Lyell's or Richardson's Elementary Geology.
V.—SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACY.
PROFESSOR S. MAUPIN.
In this school there are three regular meetings of the class
weekly, of one hour and a half in duration. One hour is
usually devoted to the lecture, and half an hour to the examination
of the class on the preceding lecture.
The course of lectures commences with the consideration of
the imponderable agents: Heat, Light and Electricity. These
agents play an important part in chemical changes, and due
space is given to their consideration.
The subject of inorganic Chemistry is then taken up. The
nomenclature, and chemical symbols and notation are explained.
The non-metallic elements, together with their combinations
with oxygen and with each other are considered. The general
principles of Chemical Philosophy then pass in review, including
Affinity, the Lau's of Combination, the Atomic Theory and
Theory of Volumes, Electro-chemical Decomposition, &c.
The consideration of the Metals comes next in order. After
noticing their general properties, the general characters of their
salts, Haloid and Amphide, the Binary Theory of salts, the
doctrine of Crystallization, Isomorphism, &c. , they are taken
up individually. Their history and properties are given, and
their combinations with oxygen and other non-metallic elements,
together with their saline combinations, are considered.
The concluding part of the course is devoted to Organic
Chemistry, including a notice of the more important products of
vegetable and animal life, the modifications of organic compounds
by artificial processes, their transformations by the action
of ferments and other agencies, the doctrine of compound radicals,
&c. , &c. Throughout the course, the applications of the
facts and principles of the science to Medicine, to Agriculture
and other arts, are noticed and illustrated.
Text-books recommended—Fownes and Rogers' Turner.
The course of instruction in Pharmacy, designed for the benefit
of the students of Medicine attending this school, commences
about the first of April, and occupies the time devoted to
one of the regular meetings of the class weekly, until the close of
the session.
VI.—MEDICINE.
PROFESSOR HOWARD.
In this school are taught the Principles and the Practice of Medicine,
Obstetrics and Medical Jurisprudence. To allow the me
dical student time to attain proficiency in Anatomy and Physiology,
Chemistry and Materia Medica, before he is required to apply
these branches in the study of the Principles and the Practice of
Medicine, the course is opened with Medical Jurisprudence,
which is followed by Obstetrics, and both are completed before
the Principles or the Practice of Medicine are entered upon.
MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE.
The lectures on this branch show the aid which legislation and
the administration of the laws derive from medicine, and consist
chiefly in the application of the principles of medical science to
the elucidation and administration of the laws, and the legal decisions
in cases of insanity, every variety of mental impairment,
crime, &c. , &c.
Text-Books—the Professor's Outlines, and Beck or Taylor.
OBSTETRICS.
The lectures on this branch comprehend an account of all
labors, natural, preternatural and instrumental; the professional
assistance to be afforded in each, the treatment of the female before,
during and after delivery, and the diseases of infancy.
The lectures are amply illustrated by specimens and plates; and
all manual evolutions, and the application of instruments, are
demonstrated on the improved phantome of Hebermehl. The
students also practice manual and instrumental delivery on the
manikin.
Text-Book—the last edition of Meigs' Midwifery.
THE PRINCIPLES OF MEDICINE.
The Principles of Medicine, as taught in this school, comprise
General Pathology, and a brief view of General Therapeutics;
also Etiology, Nosology, Semeiology, Diagnosis and Prognosis.
The nature and division of causes are first considered, which introduces
the student to their effects—disease. Pathology proper
is next considered under the two forms, Functional and Structural
diseases. After the student thoroughly understands the nature
of the causes of diseases, their divisions, modes of operation,
and the resulting effects upon function and structure, a general
counteract their effects. And the course on the Principles is then
concluded by the consideration of nosology, semeiology, diagnosis,
prognosis, and the different modes of death.
Text-Books—Wood's General Pathology and General Therapeutics,
in the last edition of his Practice.
PRACTICE OF MEDICINE, OR SPECIAL PATHOLOGY AND SPECIAL
THERAPEUTICS.
As the most natural and practically useful arrangement, all local
diseases are classified and treated of according to their locality,
or the organ or set of organs which they affect; whilst general
diseases are arranged altogether pathologically. Much attention
is given to Physical Diagnosis. Pathological Anatomy occupies
a conspicuous place in the course, and is illustrated by Carswell's
large and splendid colored plates, and, when practicable,
by specimens.
Text-Book—Wood's Practice of Medicine, last edition.
VII.—COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND
SURGERY.
PROFESSOR CABELL.
The heading indicates the subjects taught in this school, and
the order in which they are discussed.
In the first part of the course, the Professor presents a general
outline of the Animal Kingdom, by demonstrating such of the
leading facts of Comparative Anatomy as may serve to indicate
the natural affinities between the different members of the animal
series, and to furnish a basis for a natural Zoological classification.
In the second division of the course, which is mainly devoted
to the study of Human Physiology, the peculiarities of structure
of inferior animals are again noticed, with reference, especially,
to the varieties of the same organ in different animals, in order to
exhibit the simplest conditions of structure essential to its office,
and to indicate the uses of the superadded parts in the more complicated
forms.
The third portion of the course is exclusively devoted to the
study of the Principles and Practice of Surgery.
Text-Books.—The Professor's "Syllabus of Lectures on
Comparative Anatomy and Physiology;" Carpenter's Elements
of Physiology; Kirkes' and Paget's Human Physiology;
Druitt's Modern Surgery.
VIII.—LECTURESHIP OF ANATOMY, MATERIA
MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS.
DR. J. S. DAVIS.
ANATOMY.
In this class are taught Special and Surgical Anatomy. The
lectures are illustrated by fresh subjects, by wet and dry anatomical
preparations, and by a series of colored drawings.
Text-Book—Wilson's Anatomy.
MATERIA MEDICA.
The course on this subject embraces—
1. General Therapeutics, or an account of the effects of the
various classes of remedies on the organism, their modus operandi,
and their applications to the relief of disease.
2. A detailed account of medicinal agents, in their commercial
history, physical properties, chemical habitudes, pharmaceutical
preparations and effects.
The means of illustration in Materia Medica are ample, comprising
a full series of specimens of medicines in their various
states, and an extensive suit of colored drawings of medical plants,
on an enlarged scale.
Text-Book—Dunglison's Therapeutics and Materia Medica.
IX.—DEPARTMENT OF PRACTICAL ANATOMY.
DR. B. W. ALLEN—DEMONSTRATOR.
This department is abundantly provided with fresh subjects for
the use of the members of the class; the afternoon is devoted
to the dissections; and they are conducted under the constant
guidance of the demonstrator.
X.—MORAL PHILOSOPHY.
PROFESSOR M'GUFFEY.
There are three classes in this school:
The Junior class studies Rhetoric, Belles Letters and Philosophical
Criticism.
Text-Books—Blair's Lectures, Campbell's Philosophy of
Rhetoric, Whately's Rhetoric, Kame's Elements of Criticism,
Cousin's Philosophy of the Beautiful, Milton and Shakespeare.
The Intermediate class studies Political Economy, Statistics,
and the Philosophy of Social Relations, or "Ethics of Society."
Text-Books—On Political Economy, Say and J. S. Mill;
on the Progress of Society, Guizot, Grimké and De Tocqueville.
The Senior class studies Mental Philosophy, Logic, (inductive
and deductive,) together with Theoretical and Practical Ethics.
Text-Books—On Mental Philosophy, Locke, Reid and
Cousin; on Logic, Mill and Whately; on Ethics, Stewart,
Butler and Jouffroy.
The lectures are carried on concurrently during the session, two
a week to each class.
The examinations are on the Professor's lectures and the
text-books above enumerated.
XI.—SCHOOL OF LAW.
PROFESSOR JOHN B. MINOR.
ADJUNCT PROFESSOR, JAMES B. HOLCOMBE.
The Board of Visitors, anxious to enlarge the sphere of legal
instruction in the University, have appointed an Adjunct Professor
of Law, to whom is assigned the duty of teaching more extensively
than has hitherto been practicable, the subjects of Equity
and of Commercial Law.
The object will be to acquaint the student familiarly and practically
with the principles of his profession. With this view, instruction
(which is designed to be as thorough as possible) will
be given as heretofore, partly through text-books, and daily examinations
upon the subjects taught, partly by comments intended
to supply what is deficient, and explain what is obscure in the
text, and partly also by independent lectures.
A Moot-court is instituted in connection with the school, upon
a plan which experience has shewn to be well calculated to perfect
the student in the details of practice. Under the immediate
superintendence of the professors he is required to pronounce opinions
upon supposed cases; to devise and to institute remedies,
by suit or otherwise; to conduct suits at law and in chancery,
from their inception, through all their stages; to draw wills, conveyances
and other assurances; and, in short, to perform most of
the functions of a practising lawyer.
The school is divided into three classes, viz: the Junior class,
embracing such studies as are at once essential to the professional
student, and form a highly useful branch of general education;
the Intermediate class, which is occupied exclusively with the
theory and practice of law, as a profession, being adapted to the
elementary attainments beyond the most absolute necessity; and
the Senior class, in which efforts are made to impart a professional
cultivation as liberal as the growing wants of the country shall demand
or allow.
The degree of Bachelor of Laws is conferred upon those who,
upon examination, manifest a familiar acquaintance with the subjects
taught in all the classes; and to those who exhibit a competent
knowledge of International and Constitutional Law and of
the science of Government, a certificate of proficiency is awarded.
The course of study in the several classes is as follows:
Junior Class—Vattel's International Law, Lectures on Government,
Federalist, Madison's Report 1799, Blackstone's Commentaries.
Intermediate Class—Stephen on Pleading, Barton's Suit in
Equity, Lomax's Digest, Smith's Mercantile Law, Greenleaf's
Evidence, Holcombe's Equity.
Senior Class—Story's Equity, Chitty on Contracts, Lomax
on Executors, &c. , Byles on Bills and Notes.
The student is recommended to be provided with the following
books for reference, viz: Gordon's Digest of Laws of United
States, and Virginia Code of 1849.
All the books required can be procured at the book stores near
the University, on reasonable terms.
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