 | Catalogue of the officers and students of the University of Virginia |  |
REGULATIONS, &c.
MATRICULATION.
To be admitted into the University, the student must be sixteen years of
age; but the Faculty are authorized to dispense with this requisition in the
case of application for admission by two brothers, one of whom is under the
age of sixteen.
If the applicant for admission has been a student at any other incorporated
seminary, he cannot be received, but on producing a certificate from such seminary,
or other satisfactory evidence to the Faculty, with respect to his general
good conduct.
Every student is free to attend the schools of his choice, and no other than
he chooses; provided, that if under the age of twenty-one, he shall attend
at least three professors, unless he has the written authority of his parent or
guardian, or the Faculty shall for good cause shown allow him to attend less
than three. The qualifications of the student to enter the schools of Ancient
Languages, Mathematics, and Natural Philosophy, are tested by previous examinations.
Before a student matriculates, he is furnished with a copy of the laws,
which he is required to read. On matriculating, he signs a written declaration,
that he will conform to those laws, and, if he be a resident student, that
he has deposited with the Patron all the funds in his possession.
COURSE OF INSTRUCTION.
In each school, there are three regular lectures a week; besides which, there
are in most of them extra lectures suited to the several classes into which the
school is divided. The mode of instruction is by text-books and lectures, accompanied
by rigid examinations. The course pursued in each school, is as
follows:
I. ANCIENT LANGUAGES.
Professor Harrison.—In this School are taught the Latin and Greek
languages; the Greek and Roman History, Geography, and Literature; and
the Hebrew language. The instruction is given partly by lectures and examinations,
and partly by comments on portions of the text-books appointed to be
read by the student. It embraces the following subjects, distributed according
to the classes.
I. Junior Latin.—1. General principles and doctrines of the Etymology.
2. The application of these general principles in the explanation of the formation
and composition of the words of the language, considered individually,
and without regard to their relations to other words in a sentence.
The doctrine of the primary and secondary significations of words is considered
in connection with this branch of the subject, and is illustrated in the lectures
from day to day as occasion may offer.
3. The accidence, or inflectional forms of words, expressing the relations in
which they stand to other words in a sentence. These modifications of the
forms of words are in like manner explained by the application of the general
principles of the etymology.
4. The Syntax, or laws which govern the relations existing between the
several parts of a sentence or a discourse, whether indicated by the inflections
of words, or by particles. This subject is treated of partly in lectures specially
devoted to it, partly by way of prelections and comment on the portions of authors
read in the lecture room, and partly in connection with the written exercises.
For the above subjects the text books are the professor's printed notes, and
Zumpt's Latin Grammar.
5. The doctrine of the quantity of syllables, and the metres. The students
are advised to use Carey's Latin Prosody, or Anthon's Prosody, which contains
what is most useful in Carey's.
6. The Latin authors used as text books are Horace, Virgil, Cicero's Orations,
and his Epistles ad Diversos, Terence, and Cæsar's Commentaries.
The last chiefly with a view to the written exercises.
II. Senior Latin.—1. Prelections and commentaries on portions of the classic
authors, embracing, besides the other matters necessary for the better understanding
of these, a further development of the doctrines of philology taught
in the Junior Class.
The text books are Horace, Juvenal, Livy, and Tacitus.
2. Geography of Ancient Italy.—The professor's printed notes form the text
book. The maps of ancient and modern Italy, published by the "Society for
the diffusion of useful knowledge," are recommended.
3. Roman History. This subject is taught by prelections, and by examinations
on the text books. These are the History of Rome published by the
"Society for the diffusion of useful knowledge," Niebuhr's History of Rome,
Ferguson's Roman Republic, and Heeren's Manual.
III. Junior Greek.—1. The Etymology, considered in its general principles
and in its applications, the Syntax, and the Prosody and metres, are taught to
this class in the same way as to the Junior Latin.
For these subjects Buttmann's larger Greek Grammar is the text book.
Thiersch's Tables of the Greek verb, by Patton, are referred to and recommended.
The Greek authors read and explained in the lecture room, are Xenophon's
Anabasis, Herodotus, and a play of Æschylus or Euripides. The Greek and
English Lexicon of Donnegan is that preferred.
IV. Senior Greek.—1. Prelections and commentaries on portions of the
Greek classic authors, in the same way as in the Senior Latin class, and embracing
the like subjects.
The Greek authors used as text books in this class are Euripides, Sophocles,
Thucydides, and Homer. The student should have Matthiae's Greek Grammar,
5th edition of the translation.
2. Ancient Geography of Greece. The printed notes of the professor form
the text.
3. Ancient History of Greece. It is taught by prelections, and by examinations
on the text books. These are Thirlwall's History of Greece, Gillies'
History of Greece, and Heeren's Manual.
It is expected of the students of Latin and Greek, that they shall read in
their rooms such authors and parts of authors, prescribed by the Professor, as
cannot be read in the lecture room: e. g.: Cicero's Epistles to Atticus, his Orations
(selected,) and Treatise "de Republica;" Sallust, Virgil, Terence, Plautus:
Æschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes, Demosthenes, Æschines,
Thucydides, &c.
As an essential part of the plan of instruction, the students of each class are
required to furnish written exercises; which consist in the conversion of Latin
or Greek into English, and of English into Latin or Greek. The exercises
are examined by the Professor, and the errors marked: they are then returned
to the students, and the corrections stated and explained in the presence of the
class. For these exercises the classic authors are used as the text.
V. Hebrew.—The text books are Biblia Hebraica, Stuart's Hebrew Grammar,
3rd edition, and Gesenii Lexicon Manuale Hebr. et Chald., or Sauerwein's
edition of Rehkopf's Lex. Hebr. Chald.
II. MODERN LANGUAGES.
Professor Blættermann.—The languages taught in this school, are the
French, Spanish, Italian, German and Anglo Saxon; and if desired, will also
be taught the Danish, Swedish, Hollandish and Portuguese languages. In
each of them, there are two classes, the senior and junior, together with a third
class for those who wish to qualify themselves for degrees in this school, as it
is required that two degrees be obtained in modern languages before that of
A. M. will be conferred. Besides the oral translations in the lecture room, the
students are required to write, as regular exercises out of the lecture rooms,
translations from the foreign language into English, and vice versa. Lectures
on the Literature of each of the nations whose languages are taught, are delivered
twice a week, by the Professor; as also lectures on Modern History, and
the political relations of the different civilized nations of the present day. The
text books used are the principal classics in each language.
III. MATHEMATICS.
Professor Bonnycastle.—In this school there are commonly five classes.
Of these the first junior begins with Arithmetic; but as the student is required
to have some knowledge of this subject when he enters the University, the lectures
of the Professor are limited to the theory, shewing the method of naming
numbers, the different scales of notation, and the derivation of the several rules
of Arithmetic from the primary notion of addition; the addition namely, of
sensible objects one by one. The ideas thus acquired are appealed to at every
subsequent step, and much pains are taken to exhibit the gradual developement
from these elementary truths of the extensive science of mathematical analysis.
Lacroix's Arithmetic is the text book.
In Algebra, the first problems are analized, with and without the use of letters,
to make the student sensible of the advantages of these signs. In teaching
the rules for adding, subtracting, &c., they are compared with the corresponding
rules in Arithmetic, and the agreement or diversity is noticed and explained.
The text book is Lacroix's Algebra.
In Geometry, the first elements are taught, and illustrated by the use of
models.
The second junior class continue to read Lacroix's Algebra, and Bonnycastle's
Inductive Geometry. In the latter, they successively acquire—the theorems
of Synthetic Geometry—the theory and practice of Plane and Spherical
Trigonometry, with the application of the latter to Nautical Astronomy—the
theory of Projection—and the theory of curved lines and Surfaces. Their
subsequent studies usually embrace a portion of the Differential Calculus.
The senior classes continue the Differential Calculus in lessons taken from
Young and from Bonnycastle's Geometry, concluding the course of Pure Mathematics
with the Integral Calculus, the theory of which is taken from Young,
and the examples from Peacock.
There is, moreover, a class of Mixed Mathematics, for such of the more advanced
students as choose to pursue it; which consists of parts of Poisson's
Mechanics, the first book of Laplace's Mechanique Celeste, and of the applications
of the principles there given to various problems.
IV. NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
Professor Rogers.—There are two classes in this school, viz:—The general
or Junior, and the Senior class. In the former, the illustrations are experimental
and graphical, with occasional references to the elementary truths
of Geometry and Algebra. In the latter mathematical demonstration is almost
exclusively employed, sometimes involving the use of the calculus.
The various subjects embraced in this school are treated of in the following
order, viz:
Mechanics, including Statics, Dynamics, Laws of Impulse and Pressure,
and Corpuscular Forces, Strength of Materials, Friction and Machinery; Hydrodynamics,
including Hydrostatics, Hydraulics, Capillary Attraction, &c.—
Pneumatics; Acoustics; Heat, including Meteorology and the Steam Engine;
Electricity and Galvanism; Magnetism; Electro-Magnetism; Optics; Astronomy.
The text books referred to in the Junior Class, are Lardner's Mechanics,
Hydrostatics and Pneumatics; Brewster's Optics, by Bache; Herschell's Astronomy;
Lardner on the Steam Engine, and the Treatises in the Library of
Useful Knowledge on Mechanics, Hydrostatics and Hydraulics, Pneumatics,
Heat, Electricity, Galvanism, Magnetism, and Electro-Magnetism. The text
books in the senior class are the Cambridge Mechanics, Young's Analytical
Mechanics, Gummere's Astronomy, Bache's Appendix to Brewster's Optics.
In the senior class the students are examined upon the subjects of lecture
in the general class, as well as the Mathematical demonstrations referred to in
their text books.
The Apparatus provided for the school of Natural Philosophy is extensive
and complete, and enables the Professor to illustrate every part of his course
by experiments in the presence of his class. An Observatory, with its appropriate
astronomical instruments, is attached to this school.
V. CIVIL ENGINEERING.
This school comprises the following branches of instruction, viz:
I.—Graphical Mathematics, embracing Descriptive Geometry, Perspective
Mensuration, &c.
II.—Theory of Levelling and Surveying, both ordinary and topographical.
III.—Theory of Roads, Rail-roads, Canals, Bridges, &c.
IV.—Theoretical Mechanics, Hydrostatics and Hydrodynamics, as connected
with Engineering.
V.—Laws of Heat and Steam—Theory and construction of the Steam
Engine.
VI.—Geology and Mineralogy.
VII.—Levelling, Surveying, &c., taught practically in the field.
VIII.—Plan drawing, Plotting, Topographical drawing and sketching.
The subjects named under the six first heads are divided between the Professors
of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. Those included under the
7th and 8th heads, are taught by the Teacher of Drawing, under the superintendence
of the Professors above mentioned.
VI. CHEMISTRY.
Professor Emmet.—In the Chemical class of this School, all the important
applications of the science to the mechanic arts, agriculture and domestic
economy are noticed, and when practicable, illustrated by experiment. In the
lectures on earths and metals, the appropriate minerals are exhibited and noticed
with reference to sciences of Mineralogy and Geology. At the close of the
history of inorganic matter, the atomatic theory, and the laws of definite proportions
are fully explained and exemplified. The latter part of the course is
occupied with the chemistry of organic substances; and it comprises the history,
analysis and properties of each substance; to which are added general
views of the connexion between Chemistry and the physiology of animals and
vegetables.
There is attached to this school, a very extensive apparatus and laboratory.
VII. MORAL PHILOSOPHY.
Professor Tucker.—There are two classes in this school. The Junior
Class studies Rhetoric, Belles-Lettres and Logic, the first half of the session,
and Belles-Lettres and Ethics, the last half.
The Senior studies Mental Philosophy, the first part of the session, and Political
Economy the last. The examinations are on the Professor's lectures,
Brown's Philosophy, Say's Political Economy, and Adam Smith.
In the Junior Class, the examinations are on the Professor's Lectures, Blair's
Lectures, Campbell's Rhetoric, Stewart's Active and Moral Powers, and
Whately's Logic.
The students in this school are also exercised in composition.
VIII. LAW.
Professor Davis.—This school is arranged into two classes. The subjects
studied by the Junior class are the Law of Nature and Nations, the Science
of Government, Constitutional Law, and the elementary principles of
Municipal Law. The text books used by this class, are Vattel's Law of Nations,
the Federalist, the Virginia Report of '99, Blackstone's Commentaries,
and a Treatise on Criminal Law by the Professor; in addition to which, lectures
are delivered on Government, and various topics of National and Constitutional
Law, not discussed in the text-books.
The subjects studied by the Senior class, are the Common and Statute Law,
Equity and Maritime and Commercial Law. And the text-books used by this
class, are Coke upon Littleton, (Thomas's edition,) Stephen on Pleading, Starkie
on Evidence, (the first vol.) Matthews on Executors, Chitty on Contracts,
Smith's Mercantile Law, Story's Equity, and Mitford's Pleadings.
The design of this arrangement is to embrace in the junior course, those
studies which not only form an essential part of a liberal professional education,
but which from their universal interest and importance, constitute a highly
useful branch of general education: whilst the senior course is exclusively occupied
with the study of the theory and practice of Law, as a profession.
Students can attend either or both the classes; and those not wishing to
study Municipal Law at all, can enter for that portion of the junior course
which includes National Law, Government and Constitutional Law, which
portion, those wishing to study Municipal Law only, can, if they choose, omit.
On the text books of both classes, prelections are delivered by the Professor,
in which it is his object to supply what is deficient, and explain what is obscure
in the text, and to offer such comments as he deems necessary to the
thorough understanding of the subject under consideration. In the prelections
on Municipal Law, he refers to the leading cases and authorities, American
and English, illustrative of the topic treated by the author, and particularly
explains, in its appropriate connection, the Statute Law of Virginia and the
United States, and its effects on the pre-existing law. Each prelection is preceded
by an examination on the last, together with its text. On the lectures
delivered, the class are also examined.
To assist them in their regular studies, and to accustom them to legal investigations
and forensic discussions, the students of this school have instituted a
Law Society, at the meetings of which the Professor presides. In it, questions
connected with the studies of the school are discussed, fictitious cases litigated
in the form of regular pleadings, and the issue produced decided in the
appropriate mode, and the members exercised in conveyancing, &c.
The students of Law, in common with the students of the other schools,
have the use of the extensive Library of the institution; the Law department
of which is large and valuable.
EXAMINATIONS.
There are two public examinations of all the students each session, the one
at such convenient time about the middle of the session, as the Faculty shall
appoint; the other at the close of the session.
These are thus conducted: The Professor of the School prepares, in writing,
a series of questions to be proposed to the class, and affixes to them numerical
values, according to his estimate of their relative difficulty. On the
assembling of the class for examination, these questions are for the first time
presented to them; and they are required to answer them in writing, in a prescribed
time, without communication with one another or with other persons,
and without any reference to books. Their answers are subsequently carefully
examined and compared, and a value attached to each, not exceeding that of
the corresponding question. In the schools of languages, subjects may also
be selected for oral examination, and the values of these exercises are marked
at the time.
The students are then arranged into four divisions, according to the merit of
their examination, as determined by the following method. The numerical
values attached to all the questions are added together, and also the values of
the answers given by each student. If this last number amounts to three-fourths
of the first, the student is ranked in the first division; if it be less than
three-fourths, and as much as one-half, in the second; if less than one-half, and
as much as a fourth, in the third; if less than a fourth, in the fourth division.
The examinations are conducted and the results ascertained by a committee,
consisting of the Professor of the school and two other Professors.
The standing of each student at the examinations is communicated to his
parent or guardian; and the names of those who are in the first division are
announced on the public day, at the close of the session, and published in one
or more of the newspapers of the state.
DEGREES.
Three honorary distinctions are conferred in this Institution; a Certificate of
Proficiency—that of Graduate in any School—and that of Master of Arts of
the University of Virginia.
The first, the Faculty may confer on any student who shall, on examination,
give satisfactory evidence of a competent acquaintance with any of those particular
branches which according to the regulations, may be separately attended
in a school. The second, they are authorised to confer on any student who
shall, on examination, give satisfactory evidence of his proficiency in the general
studies of any of the schools. And the third, is obtained by graduation,
in the schools of Ancient Languages, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Chemistry,
and Moral Philosophy, and in any two of the Modern Languages.
must give the Faculty satisfactory proof of his ability to write the English
language correctly.
No particular period of study is prescribed for the acquisition of these honors.
The student obtains them whenever he can undergo the rigid examinations to
which the candidates for them are subjected.
The title of Doctor of Medicine is conferred on graduates in the Medical department.
On the last day of the session, the Visitors, Faculty, Officers, and Students,
assemble in the Rotunda, and the public are invited to attend. On this occasion,
the certificates and diplomas are awarded to the successful candidates,
and the results of the examinations are announced.
EXPENSES, &c.
The expenses for the session of upwards of ten months, (commencing the
1st of September, and ending the 4th of July following,) are as follows:
| Board, including bed and other room furniture, washing and attendance, | 125 |
| Fuel and candles, to be furnished by the Proctor, at cost, and 5 per cent. commission, estimated, if only one Student in the dormitory, at $30, if two students in the dormitory, at |
15 |
| Rent of an entire dormitory $16; for half, if occupied by two students, | 8 |
| Use of the library and public rooms, | 15 |
| Fees—if one Professor be attended, $50; if two, each $30; if more than two, each $25—say, |
75 |
| Total, exclusive of books and stationary, clothing and pocket money, | $238 |
In addition to the regular fee, $20 is paid by students who attend the Senior
Class in the School of Law.
The fee for attending the class of Materia Medica in the School of Chemistry;
of Medical Jurisprudence in the School of Medicine; and of National
Law, Government and Constitutional Law, in the School of Law; by those
who do not attend those schools, is $15 each.
Boarding-houses are provided within the precincts for the accommodation of
students; and no student is permitted to board or lodge out of the precincts,
unless in the family of his parent or guardian, or of some particular friend, approved
by the Faculty. Except, that students above the age of twenty years
may reside out of the precincts, in such private boarding-houses as the Faculty
may approve.
Every student resident within the precincts, is required, on matriculating, to
deposit with the Patron, all the money, checks, bills, drafts, and other available
funds, which he shall have in his possession, or under his control, in any manner
intended to defray his expenses while at the University, or on his return
from thence to his residence. Nor shall he matriculate, till he shall have deposited
a sum at least sufficient, after deducting the Patron's commission, (two
per cent.) to pay for the use of his dormitory and the public rooms, to pay
the fees of the Professors whom he may design to attend, to pay three months
board to his hotel-keeper, to purchase the text-books and stationary which he
candles, and ten dollars to cover contingent charges and assessments against
him for injuries to the buildings, &c., which two last mentioned sums are credited
in the final settlement of his accounts. In like manner, he shall deposit
with the Patron all the funds which he shall receive while a student of the
University, for the purposes aforesaid. At the end of the first three months of
the session, he shall deposit enough to pay his board and other expenses for the
next three months; and at the expiration of the second period of three months,
he shall deposit enough to pay his board and other expenses for the residue of
the session.
Students resident out of the University, are required, on matriculating, to
deposit with the Patron funds sufficient, after deducting the Patron's commission,
to pay the fees of Professors whom they may propose to attend, the sum
charged for the use of the public rooms, and ten dollars to cover contingent
charges.
The expenses of the students resident in the University, are limited as follows:
for board, the use of dormitory and public rooms, and tuition fees, the
sums before stated; for clothing during the session, not exceeding a hundred
dollars; for pocket money during the session, a sum not exceeding forty dollars;
for books or stationary, whatever the parent or guardian may think fit to
allow; for medicine and medical attendance whatever may be necessary.
These limits are in no case to be exceeded, unless under special circumstances,
the Faculty shall allow it. Resident students are forbidden to contract any
debts whatsoever; but for every thing purchased, they are forthwith to pay, or
to draw upon a fund in the hands of the Patron applicable thereto.
Students wherever resident, are required to wear the uniform prescribed by
the enactments; consisting of cloth of dark gray mixture, at a price not exceeding
six dollars a yard.
The Faculty at their discretion, may allow any man, of undoubted moral
character, above the age of twenty-three years, to attend lectures in any of the
schools of the University, and to reside out of the precincts, exempt from the
rules and regulations prescribed for the government of students; except only,
that he shall pay the usual Professors' fees, and the usual compensation for the
use of the public rooms, and shall observe all those laws of the Institution
which enjoin respectful and orderly deportment. But the privilege so allowed
may be withdrawn by the Faculty, at any time, when in their opinion it has
been used to the evil example of the students, or otherwise to the injury of the
Institution.
At the end of every month, a circular letter is addressed by the Chairman of
the Faculty to the parent or guardian of each student, in which are stated his
absences from the lectures he was bound to attend, and any other irregularities
of which he may have been guilty that month; together with such information
as to the student's progress and conduct as it may be deemed proper to communicate.
Religious exercises are performed at the University every Sunday, by a
Minister of the Gospel, residing there, whose services are rendered on the private
invitation of the Professors, Officers and Students.
| Catalogue of the officers and students of the University of Virginia | |