 | Catalogue of the officers and students of the University of Virginia |  |
REGULATIONS, &c.
MATRICULATION.
To be admitted into the University, the Student must be sixteen years
of age; but the Faculty are authorised to dispense with this requisition in
the case of application for admission by two brothers, one of whom is under
the age of sixteen.
If the applicant for admission has been a Student at any other incorporated
seminary, he cannot be received, but on producing a certificate from
such seminary, or other satisfactory evidence to the Faculty, with respect
to his general good conduct.
Every Student is free to attend the Schools of his choice, and no other
than he chooses; provided, that if under the age of twenty-one, he shall
attend at least three professors, unless he has the written authority of his
parent or guurdian, or the Faculty shall for good cause shewn allow him,
to attend less than three. The qualifications of the Student to enter the
Schools of Ancient Languages, Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, are
tested by previous examinations.
Before a Student matriculates, he is furnished with a copy of the laws,
which he is required to read. On matriculating, he signs a written declaration,
that he will conform to those laws, and, if he be a resident Student,
that he has deposited with the Patron all the funds in his possession.
COURSE OF INSTRUCTION.
In each School, there are three regular lectures a week; besides which,
there are in most of them extra lectures suited to the several classes into
which the school is divided. The mode of instruction is by text-books
and lectures, accompanied by rigid examinations. The course pursued
in each school, is as follows.
I.—ANTIENT LANGUAGES.
Professor Harrison.—In this school are taught the Latin and
Greek Languages, the Greek and Roman History, Geography, and Literature,
and examinations, comprises the following subjects.
1. The primary and secondary signification of words, and the method
to be pursued in ascertaining them:—the Etymology, comprising the
laws which regulate the formation and composition of words:—the doctrine
of the inflection or grammatical forms of words, illustrated by reference
to the principles of the etymology:—the Syntax or doctrine of the
relations which the words in a sentence sustain to each other, and the
connection between different sentences and members of a sentence, as expressed
by connecting particles:—the principles of grammatical criticism,
and the idiomatic peculiarities of the language:—the doctrine of the quantity
of syllables, and the metres.
2. The Greek and Roman History, Geography, and Literature, are
taught by prelections, and by commenting on portions of the text-books
appointed to be read. These form part of the studies of the senior classes.
3. The Hebrew Language.
The text-books are:
In the Junior Latin Class:—Horace, Cicero's Epistles ad Diversos,
Terence and Cæsar's Commentaries; the last chiefly with a view to the
written exercises. Zumpt's Latin Grammar is referred to. The student
should have Lempriere's Classical Dictionary, new edition by Anthon, in
two vols.; Adams' Roman Antiquities; and the ancient, with the corresponding
modern Maps, of the series published by the "Society for the Diffusion
of Useful Knowledge," or the "Æton Comparative Atlas"
In the Senior Latin Class:—Juvenal, Livy and Tacitus. Of both
Livy and Tacitus the student should have the whole works, so far as they
remain.
In the Junior Greek Class:—Xenophon's Anabasis, a play of Euripides,
or Æschylus, and Herodotus. Buttmann's Greek Grammar, is referred
to;—the "Larger" Grammar of Buttmann, by Robinson, is to be
preferred. Donnegan's Greek and English Lexicon, and Thiersch's
Greek Tables by Patton, are recommended.
In the Senior Greek Class:—Euripides, Sophocles, Thucydides, and
Homer. In the prelections to this class, it is attempted to introduce the
student into the higher departments of grammatical criticism; references
are made to the large Grammar of Matthiæ, and to the annotations of
Porson, Schaefer, Hermann, Erfurdt, Elmsley, &c.
The History of Rome in the Library of Useful Knowledge, or Niebuhr's
Roman History, translated by Hare and Thirlwall, and Ferguson's
Roman Republic. Besides the ancient authorities, the students are advised
to use Heeren's Manual, and Montesquieu's "Grandeur et Decadence
des Romains." For the Roman Geography the Professor's printed
notes is the text-book.
In Grecian History, &c.:—The History of Greece published by the
Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge is the text-book. Reference
is made to Mitford, Gillies, &c. The Professor's printed notes form
the text for the prelections on the Grecian Geography. In both Grecian
and Roman History, pains are taken to point out the ancient authorities.
In Hebrew:—Biblia Hebraica, edit: Van Der Hooght, by D'Allemand.
and cheaper. Stuart's Hebrew Grammar, 3d edition, and Gesenius's
Hebrew Lexicon, by Gibbs: (not the abridgement.)
It is expected of the students of Latin and Greek, that they shall read
in their rooms such authors and parts of authors, prescribed by the Professor,
as cannot be read in the lecture-room: e. g.: Cicero's Epistles to
Atticus, his Orations (selected,) and Treatise "de Republica;" Sallust, Virgil,
Terence, Plautus: Æschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes,
Demosthenes, Æschines, Thucydides, &c.
As an essential part of the plan of instruction, the students of each class
are required to furnish regularly, once a week, a written exercise; which
consists in the conversion of Latin or Greek into English, and of English
into Latin or Greek. The exercises are examined by the Professor, and
the errors marked: they are then returned to the students, and the corrections
stated and explained in the presence of the class. For these exercises
the classic authors are used as the text.
II—MODERN LANGUAGES.
Professor Blættermann.—The languages taught in this school,
are the French, Spanish, Italian, German and Anglo Saxon; and if desired,
will also be taught, the Danish, Swedish, Hollandish and Portuguese
Languages. In each of them, there are two classes, the senior and
the junior, together with a third class for those who wish to qualify themselves
for degrees in this school, as it is required that two degrees be obtained
in modern languages before that of A. M. will be conferred. Besides
the oral translations in the lecture room, the Students are required to
write, as regular exercises out of the lecture rooms, translations from the
foreign language into English, and vice versa. Lectures on the Literature
of each of the nations whose languages are taught, are delivered twice
a week, by the Professor; as also lectures on Modern History, and the
political relations of the different civilized nations of the present day. The
text-books used are the principal classics in each language.
III.—MATHEMATICS.
Professor Bonnycastle.—In this school there are commonly five
classes. Of these, the first junior begins with Arithmetic; but as the student
is required to have some knowledge of this subject when he enters
the University, the lectures of the Professor are limited to the theory,
shewing the method of naming numbers, the different scales of notation,
and the derivation of the several rules of Arithmetic from the primary
notion of addition; the addition namely, of sensible objects one by one.
The ideas thus acquired are appealed to at every subsequent step, and
much pains are taken to exhibit the gradual development from these
Arithmetic is the text-book.
In Algebra, the first problems are analyzed with, and without, the use
of letters, to make the student sensible of the advantages of these signs.
In teaching the rules for adding, subtracting, &c., they are compared
with the correspondent rules in Arithmetic, and the agreement or diversity
is noticed and explained. The text-book is Lacroix's Algebra.
In Geometry, the first elements are taught, and illustrated by the use of
models.
The second junior class continue to read Lacroix's Algebra, and Bonnycastle's
Inductive Geometry. In the latter, they successively acquire—
the theorems of Synthetic Geometry—the theory and practice of Plane
and Spherical Trigonometry, with the application of the latter to Nautical
Astronomy—the theory of Projection—and the theory of Curved lines
and Surfaces. Their subsequent studies usually embrace a portion of the
Differential Calculus.
The senior classes continue the Differential Calculus in lessons taken
from Young and from Bonnycastle's Geometry, concluding the course of
pure Mathematics with the Integral Calculus, the theory of which is taken
from Young, and the examples, from Peacock.
There is, moreover, a class of Mixed Mathematics, for such of the more
advanced students as choose to pursue it; which consists of parts of Venturoli's
Mechanics, the first book of Laplace's Mecanique Celeste, and of
the applications of the principles there given to various problems.
And, lastly, there is attached to this school a class of Civil Engineering;
wherein are taught the first principles of Descriptive Geometry—of the
construction of draughts and plans—of surveying—and, lastly, of the
construction of Roads, Canals, Bridges, and other public works.
IV.—NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
Professor Patterson.—The course of lectures in this school is divided
into two parts, each of which is followed by a general written examination
of the students. The first part treats of the properties of ponderable
bodies, and includes Statics, Dynamics, Hydrostatics, Hydrodynamics,
Pneumatics, Crystalization, Molecular and Capillary Attraction,
Strength and Stress of Materials, and Acoustics. The second part comprises
Heat, (including Meteorology and the Steam-engine,) Electricity
and Galvanism, Magnetism and Electro-Magnetism, Optics, Astronomy.
The text-books used are, Larduer and Kater's Mechanics, Lardner's
Hydrostatics and Pneumatics, Brewster's Optics, the Treatises on Heat.
Electricity, Galvanism, Magnetism and Electro-Magnetism, in the Library
of Useful Knowledge, and Herschel's Astronomy.
As the enactments require only an acquaintance with arithmetic in order
to enter this school, mathematical demonstrations, though not avoided
by the Professor, are not required of the students of the general class.
But the candidates for graduation form a separate class, and are taught
Trigonometry,) to Natural Philosophy. The application of the higher
calculus belongs to the school of Mathematics.
The Apparatus provided for the school of Natural Philosophy is very
extensive and complete, and thus enables the Professor to illustrate every
part of his course by experiments in the presence of his class. An Observatory,
with its appropriate astronomical instruments, is also attached
to this school.
V.—CHEMISTRY AND MATERIA MEDICA.
Professor Emmet.—There are two classes in this school; one of
Chemistry, to which there are lectures given twice a week; and the other
of Materia Medica and Pharmacy, to which is given a lecture once a
week throughout the session.
In the Chemical lectures, all the important applications of the science
to the mechanic arts, agriculture and domestic economy are noticed, and
when practicable, illustrated by experiment. In the lectures on earths
and metals, the appropriate minerals are exhibited and noticed with reference
to the sciences of Mineralogy and Geology. At the close of the
history of inorganic matter, the atomic theory and the laws of definite
proportions are fully explained and exemplified. The latter part of the
course is occupied with the chemistry of organic substances; and it comprises
the history, analysis and properties of each substance; to which are
added general views of the connexion between Chemistry and the physiology
of animals and vegetables.
In the lectures on Materia Medica and Pharmacy, the subjects are
treated in the following order:—The operations of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical
preparations, the effect which the combining of different substances
has on their medicinal properties, the different classifications of the
Materia Medica, and lastly, its several articles treated alphabetically.
There is attached to this school, a very extensive apparatus and laboratory.
VI.—MEDICINE.
Professor Magill.—The subjects taught in this school are the theory
and practice of Medicine, Obstetrics and Medical Jurisprudence. The
last forms a distinct class, and comprehends other students in addition to
those of Medicine. A full course of lectures is delivered on each of the
above branches. In the theory and practice of Medicine, Eberle's work,
on that subject is recommended as a text-book; in Obstetrics, Burns,
Dewees, or Gooch; and in Medical Jurisprudence, Beck or Ryan.
VII.—ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND SURGERY.
Professor Warner.—In Anatomy, the lectures are delivered from
Subjects, with which the school is regularly supplied. The text-book is
Horner's Special Anatomy. In Surgery, the text-book is Cooper's First
Lines. In Physiology the text-book is Dunglison's Human Physiology.
This and the two preceding schools constitute the Medical Department
of the University; and the candidates for the degree of "Doctor of Medicine,"
must pass examination in them all. An extensive Museum is attached
to this department. It possesses one advantage, at least, over the
other Medical Schools in the United States, in having a session of more
than ten months, instead of one of about four.
A full course of lectures in the Medical Department of this University,
is considered as equivalent to a full course in both the Philadelphia and
Baltimore Schools; so that a student with a certificate from this University
of having attended a full course of lectures here, is entitled to stand
for graduation at either of the above named schools, after having attended
all the lectures there delivered for one session only.
VIII.—MORAL PHILOSOPHY.
Professor Tucker.—There are two classes in this school. The
Junior Class studies Rhetoric, Belles-Lettres and Logic, the first half of
the session, and Belles-Lettres and Ethics, the last half.
The Senior, studies Mental Philosophy, the first part of the session, and
Political Economy the last. The examinations are on the Professor's
lectures, Brown's Philosophy, Say's Political Economy, and Adam
Smith.
In the Junior Class, the examinations are on the Professor's lectures,
Blair's Lectures, Campbell's Rhetoric, Paley's Philosophy.
There are also in this school, lectures on logic and general grammar.
IX.—LAW.
Professor Davis.—This school is arranged into two classes. The
subjects studied by the Junior class are the Law of Nature and Nations,
the Science of Government, Constitutional Law, and the elementary principles
of Jurisprudence. The text-books used by this class, are Vattel's
Law of Nature and Nations, the Federalist, the Virginia Report of '99,
and Blackstone's Commentaries; in addition to which, lectures are delivered
on Government, and on various topics of National and Constitutional
Law, not discussed in the text-books.
The subjects studied by the Senior class are the Common and Statute
Law, Equity and Maritime and Commercial Law. And the text-books
on Pleading, Starkie on Evidence, (the first vol.) Toller on Executors,
Chitty on Contracts, Bayley on Bills, Fonblanque's Equity, and Mitford's
Pleadings; in addition to which, lectures are delivered on Maritime and
Commercial Law, and on several important topics included in the other
branches of the course.
The design of this arrangement is to embrace in the junior course,
those studies which not only form an essential part of a liberal professional
education; but which, from their universal interest and importance,
also constitute a highly useful branch of general education; whilst the
senior course is exclusively occupied with the study of the theory and
practice of the Law, as a profession.
Students can attend either or both the classes; and those not wishing to
study Municipal Law at all, can enter for that portion of the junior course
which includes National Law, Government and Constitutional Law;
which portion, those wishing to study Municipal Law only, can, if they
choose, omit.
On the text-books of both classes, prelections are delivered by the Professor,
in which it is his object to supply what is deficient, and explain what
is obscure in the text, and to offer such comments as he deems necessary
to the thorough understanding of the subject under consideration. In the
prelections on Municipal Law, he refers to the leading cases and authorities,
American and English, illustrative of the topic treated by the author,
and particularly explains, in its appropriate connection, the Statute Law
of Virginia and the United States, and its effects on the pre existing law.
Each prelection is preceded by an examination on the last together with
its text. On the lectures delivered, the class are also examined.
To assist them in their regular studies, and to accustom them to legal
investigations, and forensic discussions, the Students of this School have
instituted a Law Society, at the meetings of which the Professor presides.
In it, questions connected with the studies of the school are discussed,
fictitious cases litigated in the form of regular pleadings, and the issues
produced decided in the appropriate mode, and the members exercised in
conveyancing, &c.
The Students of Law, in common with the Students of the other schools,
have the use of the extensive Library of the institution; the Law department
of which is large and valuable.
Religious exercises are performed at the University every Sunday, by
a Minister of the Gospel, residing there, whose services are rendered on
the private invitation of the Professors, Officers and Students.
A course of lectures on Military science and of instruction in Military
tactics, was given last Session, and will be repeated this, by Capt. A.
Partridge, of Vermont.
There are in the University teachers of Gymnastics, Music and Dancing,
authorised to give instruction in those accomplishments to such Students
as wish to acquire them.
EXAMINATIONS.
There are two public examinations of all the Students, each session, the
one at such convenient time about the middle of the session as the Faculty
shall appoint; the other at the close of the session.
These are thus conducted. The Professor of the School prepares, in
writing, a series of questions to be proposed to his class, and affixes to
them numerical values, according to his estimate of their relative difficulty.
On the assembling of the class for examination, these questions are
for the first time presented to them; and they are required to answer them
in writing, in a prescribed time, without communication with one another
or with other persons, and without any reference to books. Their answers
are subsequently, carefully examined and compared, and a value
attached to each, not exceeding that of the corresponding question. In
the schools of languages, subjects may also be selected for oral examination,
and the values of these exercises are marked at the time.
The Students are then arranged into four divisions, according to the
merit of their examination, as determined by the following method. The
numerical values attached to all the questions are added together, and also
the values of the answers given by each Student. If this last number
amounts to three-fourths of the first, the Student is ranked in the first division;
if it be less than three-fourths and as much as one-half, in the second;
if less than one-half and as much as a fourth, in the third; if less
than a fourth, in the fourth division.—The examinations are conducted and
the results ascertained by a committee, consisting of the professor of the
school and two other professors.
The standing of each Student at the examinations is communicated to
his parent or guardian: and the names of those who are in the first divisions
are announced on the public day, at the close of the session, and published
in one or more of the newspapers of the State.
DEGREES.
Three honorary distinctions are conferred in this Institution; a Certificate
of Proficiency—that of Graduate in any School—and that of Master
of Arts of the University of Virginia.
The first, the Faculty may confer on any Student who shall, on examination,
give satisfactory evidence of a competent acquaintance with any of
those particular branches which, according to the regulations, may be
separately attended in a school. The second, they are authorised to confer
on any Student who shall, on examination, give satisfactory evidence of
his proficiency in the general studies of any of the schools. And the
third, is obtained by graduation, in the schools of Antient Languages,
Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and Moral Philosophy, and
or certificate of proficiency, the candidate must give the Faculty
satisfactory proof of his ability to write the English language correctly.
No particular period of study is prescribed for the acquisition of these
honors. The Student obtains them whenever he can undergo the rigid
examinations to which the candidates for them are subjected.
The title of Doctor of Medicine is conferred on the graduate in the
Medical Department.
On the last day of the session, the Visitors, Faculty, Officers and Students,
assemble in the Rotunda, and the public are invited to attend. On
this occasion, the certificates and diplomas are awarded to the successful
candidates, the results of the examinations are announced, and orations
are delivered, and essays read by Students appointed for that purpose.
EXPENSES, &c.
The expenses for the session of upwards of ten months, (commencing
the 1st of September, and ending the 4th of July following,) are as follows:
| Board, including bed and other room furniture, washing and attendance, | $100 |
| Fuel and candles, to be furnished by the Proctor, at cost, and 5 per cent commission, estimated, if only one Student in the dormitory, at $30,—if two Students in the dormitory at |
15 |
| Rent of an entire dormitory $16; for half, if occupied by two Students, | 8 |
| Use of the library and public rooms, | 15 |
| Fees—if one professor be attended $50; if two, each $30; if more than two, each $25—say |
75 |
| Total (exclusive of books and stationary, clothing and pocket money) | $213 |
In addition to the regular fee, $20 is paid by Students who attend the
Senior Class in the School of Law.
The fee for attending the class of Materia Medica in the School of
Chemistry; of Medical Jurisprudence in the School of Medicine; and of
National Law, Government and Constitutional Law, in the School of
Law, by those who do not attend those schools, is $15 each.
Boarding-houses are provided within the precincts, for the accommodation
of Students; and no Student is permitted to board or lodge out of
the precincts, unless in the family of his parent or guardian, or of some
particular friend, approved by the Faculty. Except, that Students above
the age of twenty years, may reside out of the precincts, in such private
boarding-houses as the Faculty may approve.
Every Student resident within the precincts, is required, on matriculating,
to deposit with the Patron, all the money, checks, bills, drafts, and
other available funds, which he shall have in his possession, or under his
control, in any manner intended to defray his expenses while at the University,
or on his return from thence to his residence. Nor shall he matriculate,
the Patron's commission, (two per cent.) to pay for the use of his
dormitory and the public rooms, to pay the fees of the Professors whom
he may design to attend, to pay three months' board to his hotel-keeper, to
purchase the text-books and stationary which he may want at the commencement,
and twenty dollars on account of fuel and candles, and ten
dollars to cover contingent charges and assessments against him for injuries
to the buildings, &c., which two last mentioned sums are credited in
the final settlement of his accounts. In like manner, he shall deposit
with the Patron all the funds which he shall receive while a Student of
the University, for the purposes aforesaid. At the end of the first three
months of the session, he shall deposit enough to pay his board and other
expenses for the next three months; and at the expiration of the second
period of three months, he shall deposit enough to pay his board and other
expenses for the residue of the session.
Students resident out of the University, are required, on matriculating
to deposit with the Patron funds sufficient, after deducting the Patron's
commission, to pay the fees of the Professors whom they propose to attend,
the sum charged for the use of the public rooms, and ten dollars to
cover contingent charges.
The expenses of the Students resident in the University, are limited as
follows:—for board, the use of dormitory and public rooms and tuition
fees, the sums before stated; for clothing during the session, a sum not exceeding
a hundred dollars; for pocket-money during the session, not exceeding
forty dollars; for books or stationary, whatever the parent or
guardian may think fit to allow; for medicine and medical attendance
whatever may be necessary. These limits are in no case to be exceeded,
unless under special circumstances, the Faculty shall allow it. Resident
Students are forbidden to contract any debts whatsoever; but for every
thing purchased, they are forthwith to pay, or to draw upon a fund in the
hands of the Patron applicable thereto.
Students, wherever resident, are required to wear the uniform prescribed
by the enactments; consisting of cloth of a dark grey mixture, at a price
not exceeding six dollars a yard.
The Faculty, at their discretion, may allow any man, of undoubted
moral character, above the age of twenty-three years, to attend lectures
in any of the Schools of the University, and to reside out of the precincts,
exempt from the rules and regulations prescribed for the government of
Students; except only, that he shall pay the usual Professors' fees, and
the usual compensation for the use of the public rooms, and shall observe
all those laws of the Institution which enjoin respectful and orderly deportment:
But the privilege so allowed may be withdrawn by the Faculty,
at any time, when in their opinion it has been used to the evil example
of the Students, and otherwise to the injury of the Institution.
At the end of every month, a circular is addressed by the Chairman of
the Faculty to the parent or guardian of each Student, in which are stated
his absences from the lectures he was bound to attend, and other irregularities
of which he may have been guilty, that month; together with such
information as to the Student's progress and conduct as it may be deemed
proper to communicate.
| Catalogue of the officers and students of the University of Virginia | |