University of Virginia Library

FIELD WORK AND EQUIPMENT IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

The outfit of field instruments contains compasses, transits, and levels
of various approved makes; a solar transit, furnished with stadia wires and

gradienter for tachymetric work; a Gurley mining transit, one of the finest
products of the instrument maker's art; a complete Gurley transit, graduated
to 30 seconds, with solar attachment; hand levels and clinometers for field
topography; plane tables; a sextant; together with an adequate supply of
leveling rods, telemeter rods, signal poles, chains, tapes, pins, etc. For
hydraulic surveys a hook gauge and a current meter are provided. All students
are instructed in the theory and adjustments of the field instruments
and in their practical use in the field. They are also required to make up
their field-books in standard forms; to reduce their surveys and execute all
the necessary profiles, plans and maps; and to determine lengths, areas, and
volumes both from the maps and from the original notes. Polar planimeters
are provided for facilitating such estimates, and a pantograph for making
reduced copies of finished drawings.