The University of Virginia record :: March 1, 1925 :: University of Virginia Library

FRANCIS HENRY SMITH, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D.	Emeritus Professor of Natural Philosophy
WILLIAM MYNN THORNTON, B.A., LL.D.	Professor of Applied Mathematics
FRANCIS PERRY DUNNINGTON, B.S., C.E., E.M.	Professor of Analytical and Industrial Chemistry (retired)
WILLIAM HOLDING ECHOLS, B.S., C.E.	Professor of Mathematics
JAMES MORRIS PAGE, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D.	Professor of Mathematics
[1] THOMAS LEONARD WATSON, M.S., Ph.D.	Corcoran Professor of Geology
ROBERT MONTGOMERY BIRD, B.A., B.S., Ph.D.	Professor of Chemistry
JOHN LLOYD NEWCOMB, B.A., C.E.	Professor of Civil Engineering
CHARLES HANCOCK, B.S.	Professor of Mechanical Engineering
LLEWELLYN GRIFFITH HOXTON, B.S., M.A., Ph.D.	Professor of Physics
WALTER SHELDON RODMAN, S.M.	Professor of Electrical Engineering
CARROLL MASON SPARROW, B.A., Ph.D.	Professor of Physics
JOHN JENNINGS LUCK, M.A., Ph.D.	Professor of Mathematics
JOSEPH HUDNUT, M. Arch.	Professor of Art and Architecture
TIPTON RAY SNAVELY, M.A., Ph.D.	Professor of Economics
HERMAN PATRICK JOHNSON, M.A., Ph.M.	Associate Professor of English Literature
GARDNER LLOYD CARTER, M.A., Ph.D.	Associate Professor of Chemistry
ALBERT WILLIAM GILES, B.A., M.S., Ph.D.	Associate Professor of Geology
ALBERT JULIUS BARLOW, A.B., B.B.A., C.P.A.	Associate Professor of Business Administration
JOHN HOWE YOE, M.S., M.A., Ph.D.	Associate Professor of Chemistry
ROBERT NORTON PEASE, B.S., Ph.D.	Associate Professor of Chemistry
EDWARD WATTS SAUNDERS, JR., C.E.	Associate Professor of Applied Mathematics
[2] JAMES SHANNON MILLER, JR., B.S., B.A., E.E.	Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering
STANISLAW JOHN MAKIELSKI, B.S. in Arch.	Assistant Professor of Art and Architecture
FREDERICK LYONS BROWN, M.A., Ph.D.	Assistant Professor of Physics
CHARLES HENDERSON, E.E.	Assistant Professor of Experimental Engineering
ARTHUR FRANCIS MACCONOCHIE, B. Sc.	Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering
ARTHUR FERGUSON BENTON, M.A., Ph.D.	Assistant Professor of Chemistry
HENRY CLARK FORREST, E.E.	Acting Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering
ARTHUR AUGUST PEGAU, M.A., Ph.D.	Acting Assistant Professor of Geology

Insturctors and Fellows.

Jesse Wakefield Beams, M.S. (Teaching Fellow)	Physics
Joseph Russell Branham, M.S. in Chem., Ph.D.	Chemistry
Joseph Clifton Elgin, Ch.E. (Teaching Fellow)	Chemistry
Egbert Barrows Freyer, B.S. (Teaching Fellow)	Chemistry
Harold Bertram Friedman, A.B. (Teaching Fellow)	Chemistry
Carl Alfred Harris, B.S. in Chem., M.S. (Teaching Fellow)	Chemistry
Charles Rozier Larkin, B.A.	Mathematics
Carl Peter McNally, M.S. in Chem. (Teaching Fellow)	Chemistry
Edwin Carlyle Markham, A.B. (Teaching Fellow)	Chemistry
Raymond Bennett Pinchbeck, M.S.	Economics
Raymond Brandenburg Purdum, B.S. in Chem., M.S. (Dupont Fellow)	Chemistry
Leland A. Stewart, B.S. in Chem., M.S. (Teaching Fellow)	Chemistry
Fontaine Allen Wells, B.S.	Mathematics
Thomas Leigh Williams, B.S., Ch.E. (Teaching Fellow)	Chemistry

Assistants.

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Edward Walter Allen, Jr.	Junior Applied Mathematics
Sarkis Martyrus Arakelian	Freshman Applied Mathematics
Thomas Bradley	Chemistry
William Sliney Bruner	English Literature
Thomas Edmund Cabell	Chemistry
John Barbour Christian	Geology
James Marshall Cole	Chemistry
Oscar Broadus Flannagan	Freshman Applied Mathematics
John David Glenn	Mathematics
Justus Edward Glick	Shop-work
Wilfred Lacy Goodwyn, Jr.	Chemistry
Lawrence Greaver	Shop-work
George Tayloe Gwathmey, Jr.	Mathematics
Ralph Livingston Hawkins	Freshman Applied Mathematics and Field-work
David Warren Hesser	Freshman Applied Mathematics and Field-work
Malcolm Gilchrist Hibbert	Geology and Field-work
Holbert Hampden Long, B.S.	Experimental Engineering
James Woodrow Mathews	Cost Accounting
Stephen Nicholas Moore	Physics
John Claiborne Palmer	Chemistry
Jacob Silas Parker, Jr.	Field-work
Houston Reed Puckett	Mathematics
Jean Morris Roberts	Mathematics
Linwood Nicholson Rogers	Chemistry
Alan Hale Scheck	Electrical Engineering
John Selden	Field-work
Ewing Gordon Simpson	Mathematics
William Thomas Smith, Jr.	Chemistry
George Webster Struthers	Chemistry
Woods Stockton Walker	Sophomore Applied Mathematics and Shop-work
Ralph K. Witt	Chemistry

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS

For admission to the Freshman Class in the Department of Engineering the
candidate must be at least sixteen years old. He must present a certificate of
honorable withdrawal from the school last attended, or other valid proof of general
good character. He must further satisfy the Dean of the University as to
his adequate preparation for the work by passing the Entrance Examinations
specified below or by the presentation of equivalent certificates of preparation
signed by the president of a recognized institution of collegiate rank, or by the
principal of an accredited high school. The topics required for entrance and their
values in units are as follows, the unit being one year's work on the subject in
an accredited high school:

English A.—Grammar and Grammatical Analysis	1
English B.—Composition and Rhetoric	1
English C.—Critical Study of Specimens of Literature	1
Mathematics A1.—Algebra to Quadratics	1
Mathematics A2.—Quadratics, Progressions, Binomial Formula	1
Mathematics B.—Plane Geometry	1
Mathematics C.—Solid Geometry	½
Mathematics D.—Plane Trigonometry	½
History.—Ancient; Mediæval; English; American (any one)	1
Electives	7
Total	15

High school students who expect to study Engineering are advised to
include among their electives at least one Foreign Language (Latin or
French or German), one Science (Chemistry or Physics with adequate labooratory
work) and an additional unit of History. Other electives which may

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be profitably offered are History of English and American Literature, Greek,
Botany, Zoölogy, Physical Geography.

A candidate may be admitted as a Conditioned Student in spite of some
deficiencies in required entrance subjects, provided these are not such as
will impair the integrity of his work, but he must submit not less than 15
units. No such candidate will be conditioned except upon subjects actually
taught in this university, nor will any candidate be conditioned on more
than two units; and all conditions must be absolved before the beginning
of the next session after initial registration. Courses taken for the removal
of entrance conditions may in no case be counted as part of the work credited
for any degree. No conditions will be allowed in English A or B or
in Mathematics A1, A2, or B.

As the table of Entrance Requirements shows, the full High School
course in Mathematics is required for entrance to the Department of Engineering,
but unfortunately the graduates of the High Schools are often
deficient in Solid Geometry and Plane Trigonometry and can be admitted
only upon conditions in those subjects. High School principles are advised
to urge their graduates, with this status, to attend a Summer Session
at the University before entering the Department of Engineering so that
these deficiencies may be overcome. If the prospective student finds it
impossible to attend a Summer School previous to his regular matriculation,
a course has been planned which will allow him to make up his deficiencies
by taking work in the Summer School following his first year in Engineering.
This course provides for Trigonometry, Solid Geometry and College
Algebra in the three terms of the regular session, with the other work as
outlined for the regular student, and in addition, in the two terms of the
Summer School, Analytical and Coördinate Geometry are taken. Such a
program will prepare the student for entrance with Sophomore standing
and will save him from the failure usually encountered by students who attempt
to make up the deficient work in regular session in addition to the
full course of required subjects.

A candidate may be admitted as a Special Student, without formal examination,
provided he is more than twenty years old if a Virginian and not
less than twenty-three years old if a non-Virginian, and gives evidence
of serious purpose and of fitness to pursue with profit the courses for which
he is registered. No special student may be a candidate for any degree. No
conditioned student may register later as a special student.

ADMISSION OF WOMEN.

Women are admitted as candidates for the Engineering Degrees but
not as Special Students. A candidate must be at least twenty years old on
the birthday preceding matriculation; must present certificates showing graduation
from an accredited public high-school, or not less than four years'
attendance in an accredited private school, with credit for not less than fifteen
college entrance units obtained at least two years before admission to
the University; and must in addition show by proper certificate the completion
in a standard college, subsequent to the credit obtained for fifteen entrance-units,

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of at least thirty session-hours, (sixty semester-hours) of
courses of college grade, in not less than eighteen calendar months.

ADVANCED STANDING.

Under the elective system of the University of Virginia, a student who
has completed courses of college or university grade in other institutions of
learning on mathematical or scientific subjects may be excused from attendance
upon these courses by the Dean, with the advice and consent of the
professor in charge, and will then be registered for the more advanced work,
provided the full entrance requirements have been satisfied.

In order to secure College Credit upon such courses toward a degree in
Engineering from this University, the applicant must show—

1. That the courses offered are coextensive with the corresponding
courses as given in the University of Virginia.

2. That his grades on them were not below the seventy-five per cent.
pass-mark of this University.

Such credits may be granted by the faculty upon the recommendation
of the Dean and the professors in charge; but are automatically revoked by
the failure of the student to pass in the more advanced courses in the related
topics.

Advanced standing in the technical engineering subjects of higher grade
than those of the Sophomore year will not be given except to graduates of
other institutions offering technical engineering instruction and then only
upon special consideration of each application for such advanced standing.
No degree in Engineering will be awarded for less than one full year's work
in a regular session of this University and the work of a candidate's last
year must be performed in residence here.

The same rules apply to Credits on Summer School Courses; except
that for courses in the Summer School of this University the examination
questions must be prepared by the professor in charge of the regular course,
and the answers must be read and graded by him.

Students, suspended from other universities, are not granted college
credit on courses previously passed, except upon the explicit recommendation
of the suspending university, and after such additional tests as this Engineering
Faculty may impose.

Credits on Practice-Courses in Drawing, Shop-work, or Field-work may
be granted to applicants who have gained in professional practice the training
which these courses represent. Such applicants must file with the Dean
proper certificates from the official under whom the work was done and
must in every case pass an additional practical test on the subjects for which
credit is desired.

College credit is not granted for high-school work.

PROGRAMS OF STUDY.

The candidate who has satisfied the requirements for entrance as above
defined is matriculated as a student of Engineering and admitted to the

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Freshman Class. The studies of this class comprise lecture courses in English,
Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, and Chemistry with associated
laboratory courses in Chemistry, Drawing, Shop-work and Field-work.

For advancement to the Sophomore Class the student must have completed
at least two-thirds of his Freshman work. Upon entering this class
the student majoring in Chemical Engineering begins his specialized work,
while all others pursue identical courses of study through the year. On entering
the Junior year each student elects his specialty. The courses thereafter
diverge according to the major subject chosen by the student. Programs
of study for each degree are given below.

The courses are so ordered that the specified entrance requirements are adequate
for the work of the Freshman Year. Each succeeding year pre-supposes
the completion of the work for all the foregoing years. Students are advised to
adhere strictly to the regular programs. The arrangements specified in them have
been carefully planned and are the best. Departures from the curriculum will in
almost every case produce conflicts in lecture hours or laboratory periods and
may cost the student a year's time. Haphazard election is discouraged and in
extreme cases will be prohibited. No student will be registered for a course unless,
in the opinion both of the Dean and of the professor, his preliminary training
has fitted him for the profitable pursuit of that course.

Students are especially advised against the attempt to crowd too many studies
into their scheme of work, and are warned that admission to advanced courses
will be granted only to those who have adequate mathematical and scientific
training to profit by them. Men overloaded with work, too great in volume or
in difficulty for their powers, suffer inevitable discouragement and incur almost
certain failure.

Changes of classes with transfer of fees may be made, subject to the approval
of the Dean, within two weeks after the beginning of any term. Thereafter
such changes may be made only by special order of the faculty, and then
without transfer of fees.

Upon the completion of the four years' course as defined in any one of
the Programs of Study, the faculty will award to any student in regular and
honorable standing the degree of Bachelor of Science in Engineering. Upon
the completion of the additional Graduate Course in a satisfactory manner
the faculty will award the appropriate degree of Civil Engineer, Mechanical
Engineer, Electrical Engineer, Chemical Engineer, or Mining Engineer.

The new five-year curriculum has been adopted at the University of
Virginia in view of the impressive and growing demand from practicing
engineers and industrial leaders that Schools of Engineering should enlarge
the field of study to embrace more of the humanities and better opportunities
for student research, to the end that graduates may be better fitted to
undertake their duties as engineers and citizens.

The entering classes, beginning with 1923-24, will be matriculated under
the new program as presented in this volume of the University of Virginia
Record, while students registered before the session of 1923 or with corresponding
advanced standing will be permitted to graduate under the former
four-year curriculum, but not later than June, 1926. Complete programs of

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the former four-year degree courses may be found in volume IX of the
University of Virginia Record for those who are yet to graduate under the
older curriculum. The present volume presents in detail only the new five-year
curriculum.

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

The Subjects of Instruction in Engineering are grouped into classes,
each designated by a distinctive number for each term, the lecture and laboratory
courses being likewise differentiated. This grouping follows the
arrangement shown below:

Humanities	1 to 99
Mathematics	100 to 199
Physics	200 to 299
Chemistry	300 to 399
Geology	400 to 499
Applied Mathematics	500 to 599
Experimental Engineering	600 to 699
Civil Engineering including Field-work	700 to 799
Mechanical Engineering including Shop-work	800 to 899
Electrical Engineering	900 to 999

Lecture courses are listed in the first fifty numbers of all classes; laboratory
or practice courses are listed in the second fifty numbers of all classes.
The same numbers are used in schedules of lecture hours, laboratory periods
and examination days.

The last pages of this announcement are devoted to a description of the
courses in Art and Architecture now offered. There will be found the requirements
for admission, the statement of requirements for a degree in Architecture
and description of equipment available for instruction in the McIntire
School of Fine Arts.

HUMANITIES.

1-2-3. English Literature. [Johnson and Instructor.]

12:30-1:30, M. W. F.

First and second terms: Advanced composition with parallel reading,
with particular attention to Description, Exposition, and Argument. Third
term: Survey of English literature with composition and parallel reading,
with particular attention to scientific writings. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

4-5-6. English Literature.

An advanced course in English to be taken by Juniors in all courses
and chosen on the approval of the Faculty of Engineering. (Fall, Winter,
Spring.)

10-11-12. Economics. [Snavely.]

9:30-10:30, M. W. F.

First and second terms: Survey of the principles of economics. Third
term: The bearing of these principles upon present American conditions.
Instruction will be given by lectures, assigned readings, reports, and discussions.
(Fall, Winter, Spring.)

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Optional course, for all except Chemical Engineering students, in place
of which a three-session-hour course in Modern Language (40-41-42),
French, German or Spanish may be chosen.

13-14-15. Commercial Law.

8:30-9:30, T. Th. S.

A detailed study of the fundamental and important, rather than the
technical, principles of those subjects of which knowledge is necessary in
ordinary commercial transactions. (Fall, Winter, Spring.) Optional for
Government (16-17-18) or History (31-32-33).

16-17-18. Government. [Williams and Instructor.]

9:30-10:30, T. Th. S.

A description and comparison of the principles and essential features of
the governments of the United States, England, France, Germany, and
Switzerland, with especial emphasis on the characteristics of the American
Constitutional system and the operation of Congressional government.
(Fall, Winter, Spring.) Optional for Commercial Law (13-14-15) or History
(31-32-33).

21-22-23. Cost Accounting. [Barlow.]

9:30-10:30, M. W. F.

Fall term: Theory and practice in General Accounting. Winter and
Spring terms: Application of accounting principles to various types of manufacturing
and engineering enterprises. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

26. Engineering Economics and Specifications. [Rodman.]

11:30-12:30, T. Th. S.

Lectures, parallel reading and written work dealing with the economic
considerations involved in engineering problems and specifications for engineering
structures. Special emphasis is placed upon the general problem
of economic selection of methods, machinery and apparatus in the several
engineering fields. Questions of first cost, depreciation, rates for service,
etc., will be treated. Complete specifications are required from each student,
subjects being chosen particularly from the special field of study of
each individual student. (Winter.)

31-32-33. History.

A college course in history to be chosen by the student and approved
by the Faculty of Engineering. (Fall, Winter, Spring.) Optional for Commercial
Law (13-14-15) or Government (16-17-18).

34-35-36. Elective.

A graduate-year humanistic course chosen from Philosophy, Architecture,
Fine Art, or other subject approved by the Faculty of Engineering.
(Fall, Winter, Spring.)

40-41-42. Modern Language.

9:30-10:30, M. T. W. Th. F.

A college credit course in modern language chosen between French,
German and Spanish and upon approval of the student's major-subject professor.
(Fall, Winter, Spring.) An optional course, for all except Chemical
Engineering students, which may be taken in place of Economics (10-11-12).
Chemical Engineering students are required to take German for
one year.

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MATHEMATICS.

100. Trigonometry. [Luck and Instructors.]

9:30-10:30, T. Th. S.

A complete course in plane trigonometry is pursued with constant drill
in the solution of problems, and exercises in the use of logarithms. (Fall.)

106. Analytical Geometry and College Algebra. [Luck and Instructors.]

9:30-10:30, T. Th. S.

In this course Cartesian and polar coördinates are presented and applied
to the study of the straight line and the circle. The related college algebra
topics of determinants, the function notion with especial reference to the
linear function, the graphical representation of equations and of functions
are also considered. (Winter.)

107. Analytical Geometry and College Algebra. [Luck and Instructors.]

9:30-10:30, T. Th. S.

This course is a continuation of course 106. The conic is studied in its
particular and general forms. Especial attention is given to the solution of
numerous loci problems by the use of Cartesian and polar coördinates. The
study of related college algebra topics is continued. The quadratic function
of one and two variables, the theory of the quadratic equation in particular
and of equations in general are some of the topics considered. (Spring.)

108-109-110. Calculus. [Echols and Saunders.]

11:30-12:30, M. W. F.

A first course in the differential and integral calculus. This includes a
study of series and partial fractions. The principal emphasis is upon the applications
of the subject to geometry, elementary kinematics and mechanical
problems. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

111. Differential Equations. [Saunders.]

12:30-1:30, T. Th. S.

An elementary course in differential equations with particular reference
to the differential equations of electrical engineering. (Fall.)

158-159-160. Mathematics Laboratory. [Instructors.]

6 hours a week.

An intensive, supervised study of Calculus problems with extensive drill
in the solution and formation of the calculus forms with particular reference
to its use as a tool in the solution of physical and engineering problems.
(Fall, Winter, Spring.)

PHYSICS.

200-201-202. Sophomore Physics. [Brown.]

10:30-11:30, T. Th. S.

250-251-252. Physics Laboratory. [Brown and Assistants.]

8:30-10:30, M. W. F. and 2:30-5:30, T. Th.

An elementary course in general physics consisting of lectures, lecture
demonstrations, recitations and laboratory exercises. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

259. Electrical Laboratory. [Hoxton and Brown.]

2:30-5:30, Th.

This course deals particularly with the more precise electrical measurements
and the manipulation of instruments of precision used in the higher
grade of electrical testing and standardization. (Spring.)

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CHEMISTRY.

300-301-302. General Chemistry. [Carter and Assistants.]

10:30-11:30, T. Th. S.

350-351-352. Chemistry Laboratory.

11:30-1:30, T. Th. S.

The fundamental principles and phenomena of inorganic, organic, and
physical chemistry, and the foundations of analytical chemistry. Most of
the time is devoted to inorganic phenomena. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

303-304-305. Physical Chemistry. [Pease.]

12:30-1:30, M. W. F.

353-354-355. Physical Chemistry Laboratory.

2:30-5:30, M. W.

Chemistry 315-16-17 prerequisite, as well as some knowledge of the Calculus and
previous training in Physics.

This course is divided into three parts. The first term will be devoted
to a study of certain fundamental properties of gases, liquids, and solids. The
second term is taken up with a quantitative study of chemical reactions from
the standpoint of velocity and equilibrium. In the third term solutions of
electrolytes will be studied and the final weeks will be devoted to recent work
on the structure of matter. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

309-310-311. Organic Chemistry. [Bird and Assistants.]

11:30-12:30, T. Th. S.

359-360-361. Organic Chemistry Laboratory.

2:30-5:30, T. Th.

Chemistry 300-1-2 prerequisite.

An introduction to the study of the compounds of carbon, including the
application of modern chemical theory to such compounds and their reactions.
(Fall, Winter, Spring.)

312-313-314. Advanced Organic Chemistry. [Bird.]

2:30-3:30, M. W. F.

362-363-364. Advanced Organic Chemistry Laboratory.

9 hours per week.

Chemistry 309-10-11 and 303-4-5 prerequisite.

The lectures deal with selected topics in organic chemistry. Reading
from the scientific journals, advanced texts, and the history of Chemistry
will be assigned. The laboratory work involves a study of typical problems,
designed to teach methods of investigation which are widely applicable. (Fall,
Winter, Spring.)

315-316-317. Qualitative Analysis. [Yoe and Assistants.]

8:30-9:30, T. Th. S.

365-366-367. Qualitative Analysis Laboratory.

2:30-5:30, T. Th.

Chemistry 300-1-2 prerequisite.

Fall and Winter terms, 3 hours of lecture and 6 hours of laboratory
work per week, devoted to the study of systematic qualitative analysis.
Spring term, 2 hours of lecture and 9 hours of laboratory work per week,
devoted to elementary quantitative analysis. In the lectures and recitation

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work special emphasis is given to the theoretical foundations of analytical
chemistry. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

318-319-320. Quantitative Analysis. [Yoe and Assistants.]

Lecture by appointment.

368-369-370. Quantitative Analysis Laboratory.

2:30-5:30, M. W.

Chemistry 315-16-17 prerequisite.

A course in the principles of quantitative analysis. The laboratory work
will include a study of characteristic procedures, illustrating gravimetric and
volumetric analysis. 1 hour of lecture and 6 hours of laboratory work per
week. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

324-325-326. Principles of Chemical Engineering.

A study of the fundamental principles underlying the unit processes employed
in chemical engineering, such as heat transfer, mixing, separation of
mixtures, absorption, distillation, crystallization, and others. (Fall, Winter,
Spring.)

340-341-342. Applied Chemistry. [Benton.]

9:30-10:30, T. Th. S.

Chemistry 309-10-11 and 303-4-5 prerequisite.

The lectures and recitations in this course will be devoted to the study of
fundamental principles underlying the more important phases of industrial
chemistry, including both theoretical and economic problems. A considerable
amount of reading in descriptive industrial chemistry will be assigned,
and written reports upon special subjects will be required. Lectures and
Recitations 3 hours a week. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

374-375-376. Chemical Research.

This course will be designed to afford an introduction to research methods.
Attention will be given to sources of information, including the use of
reference works, patents, and technical journals. The problems selected for
study will be chosen, wherever possible, with reference to their bearing upon
chemical engineering. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

Advanced Courses: A number of advanced courses in Chemistry, not
listed above, are given and complete details are shown in the catalogue of the
College. When time permits, students in Chemical Engineering, who are
properly prepared, may take such of these courses as are approved by the
Faculty of Engineering. Seminars will be offered in the different branches
of Chemistry to students applying for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
The courses will be offered only as occasion demands, and the subjects treated
will vary. These courses will be designated as "D" courses, but owing to
the flexibility which it is desired to secure in the subject matter, no definite
statement of them will be made except that special phases of Physical, Inorganic,
and Analytical Chemistry will be treated, including such subjects
as radio-chemistry, the chemistry of the rare elements, colloid and surface
chemistry, etc. Research work looking toward a thesis will accompany
these courses.

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The Chemical Journal Club will meet once a week (hour to be arranged)
for the critical review and discussion of various topics of interest in current
chemical literature and of such chemical researches as are in progress in the
University. All members of the teaching staff and advanced students in chemistry
are expected to participate in these meetings and to take part in the discussions.

Fellowships: The University announces the establishment of five Teaching
Fellowships in Chemistry, each with an honorarium of $500. These fellowships
present the opportunity for graduate study and research in Chemistry,
accompanied by a limited amount of instructional work. Holders of
the fellowships will be expected to devote not more than fifteen hours a
week to instruction, leaving ample time for research and work toward the
graduate degree. The fellowships are open to men who have received a bachelor's
degree from a college or university of recognized standing, and who
have received thorough undergraduate training in chemistry and physics.

GEOLOGY.

400-401-402. Engineering Geology. [Watson and Giles.]

11:30-12:30, M. T. W.

450-451-452. Field and Laboratory.

6 hours a week.

A course of three lectures a week and three hours for private study.
Special emphasis is given to the study of common rock-forming minerals
and rocks, building stones and ores. The divisions of dynamical,
structural and physiographical geology are covered in considerable detail,
and the practical applications of the topics treated to engineering work are
pointed out. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

403-404-405. Economic Geology. [Watson and Giles.]

10:30-11:30, M. T. W.

453-454-455. Field and Laboratory.

6 hours a week.

This course is designed to give a general but comprehensive account of
the origin, nature, distribution and uses of the metallic and non-metallic
products of the earth with especial reference to those of the United States.
Lectures and collateral reading six hours a week. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

406-407-408. Petrography. [Watson and Pegau.]

12:30-1:30, M. T. W.

456-457-458. Laboratory.

6 hours a week.

This course aims to give a full knowledge of the determination of the
common rock-forming minerals and rocks in thin sections under the microscope.
It includes discussion of the microscopic structure, mineralogical
composition, genetic relations, and distribution of igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic rocks. Lectures and preparation to the amount of six hours
per week. (Fall, Winter, Spring.) Optional with Mineralogy (412-413-414).

409-410-411. Advanced Economic Geology. [Watson and Giles.]

Hours by appointment.

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459-460-461. Field and Laboratory.

Special topics in mining geology for advanced students, selected according
to the needs of the individual student. Lectures, laboratory and field
work, reading, reports and theses. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

412-413-414. Mineralogy. [Pegau.]

10:30-11:30, M. W. F.

462-463-464. Laboratory.

6 hours a week.

Crystallography, physical and chemical mineralogy, and descriptive mineralogy.
(Fall, Winter, Spring.) Optional with Petrography (406-407-408.)

APPLIED MATHEMATICS.

521. Plane Surveying. [Saunders and Assistants.]

10:30-11:30, M. W. F.

Lecture course: Theory, uses, and adjustments of compass, level,
transit, and stadia. Special methods of land, city, topographic and mining
surveys. Survey computation and maps. (Fall or Spring.)

571. Field course: Practical use of chain and tape, level, compass,
transit, and stadia. Field notes, records and reports. 6 hours a week.

522. Mechanical Drawing. [Thornton, Saunders and Assistants.]

10:30-11:30, M. W. F.

Lecture course: Plane problems, conic sections, graphic algebra. Projections
of prisms and pyramids; of cylinders, cones and spheres; of the
plane sections and intersections of solid bodies. (Fall or Winter.)

572. Practice course: Each week the student executes a finished plate
15″ × 20″ of exercises in mechanical drawing based on the lectures. 6 hours
a week.

523. Descriptive Geometry. [Thornton, Saunders and Assistants.]

10:30-11:30, M. W. F.

Lecture course: Fundamental problems on the point, line, and plane.
Projections, tangencies, and intersections of curved surfaces. Applications to
shades and shadows, problems in mining, and so on. (Winter or Spring.)

573. Practice course: Each student executes a weekly plate 15″ × 20″
of problems based on the lectures. 6 hours a week.

524. Graphical Statics. [Thornton and Assistants.]

10:30-11:30, T. Th. S.

Lecture course: Graphic composition and resolution of forces; centers
of gravity and moments of inertia; strain sheets for simple types of roof and
bridge trusses; beams under fixed and rolling loads; reservoir dams and retaining
walls; internal stresses and beam deflections. (Fall.)

574. Practice course: Each student executes a weekly plate 15″ × 20″
of problems based on the lectures. 6 hours a week.

525. Structural Drawing. [Thornton and Assistants.]

10:30-11:30, T. Th. S.

Lecture course. Graphic analysis of steel and timber trusses for roofs

219

and bridges; of solid beams and plate girder bridges; and of reinforced concrete
slabs, girders, columns, and retaining walls. (Spring.)

575. Practice course: Design and detailed drawings of simple examples
of roofs and bridges, with complete computations for each structure.
6 hours a week.

526. Elementary Mechanics. [Thornton and Assistants.]

10:30-11:30, T. Th. S.

Lecture course. Composition and resolution of forces; friction; problems
in equilibrium; rectilinear motion, circular motion, projectile motion.
(Winter.)

576. Practice course: Solution of weekly problems in mechanics by
graphical and analytical methods. 6 hours a week.

527. Applied Mechanics. [Thornton.]

12:30-1:30, T. Th. S.

Review of elementary mechanics; dynamics of a particle; moments of
inertia; revolving bodies; rolling bodies; theory of work and energy; collision
of elastic solids; dynamics of the Steam Engine.

Weekly problems are assigned for solution by graphical and analytical
methods. (Fall.)

528. Strength of Materials. [Thornton.]

12:30-1:30, T. Th. S.

Fundamental laws of stress and strain; straining actions and stresses in
ties and struts, beams and shafts, reinforced concrete slabs and girders; deflections
in simple, restrained and continuous girders; columns under axial
and eccentric loads. Laboratory courses 661-2-3. (Winter.)

529. Hydraulics. [Thornton.]

12:30-1:30, T. Th. S.

Equilibrium of fluids, applied to the analysis and design of thin and
thick shells and pipes, dams and weirs: Motion of fluids and discharges
from orifices, weir notches, pipes, canals, and rivers. Principles of linear
and angular momentum with applications to the analysis and design of hydraulic
motors and pumps. Laboratory course, 680. (Spring.)

Laboratory studies in Strength of Materials and Hydraulics are given
in the Classes in Experimental Engineering.

541-542-543. Mining. [Thornton.]

11:30-12:30, M. W. F.

Mine Surveying and Prospecting (Fall); Exploitation of Mines (Winter);
Mining Machinery (Spring). This course is for Seniors and requires
as a prerequisite the completion of the studies of the first three years.

EXPERIMENTAL ENGINEERING.

Lectures are given to explain the origin and manufacture of materials,
the design and operation of equipment, methods of conducting the tests, and
the calculation of the desired results from the data taken in the laboratory.
The work is done principally in the laboratories where special emphasis is
laid upon (1) a thorough understanding of the problem to be undertaken, (2)
accuracy in carrying out the investigation, (3) the presentation of the results
in a report which must meet the standards of professional practice.

220

650. Road Materials Testing. [Henderson and Assistant.]

6 hours a week.

Samples of stone are tested for specific gravity, absorption, cementing
value, toughness, resistance to abrasion, and compressive strength. Asphalts
and tars are tested for specific gravity, penetration, melting point, volatilization,
viscosity, flash point, fixed carbon. (Fall.)

661. Structural Materials Testing. [Henderson and Assistant.]

5 hours a week.

Tests of cement, timber and metals. A course for Electrical and Mechanical
Engineers, similar to 662 and 663 but arranged so as to cover all of
the work in one term. (Winter.)

662. Structural Materials Testing. [Henderson and Assistant.]

5 hours a week.

Standard tests of Portland cement; tests of sand; tests of fine and coarse
aggregates; proportioning of concrete; compression tests of concrete; tests
of reinforced concrete beams; construction of forms for concrete. For Civil
Engineers. (Fall.)

663. Structural Materials Testing. [Henderson and Assistant.]

5 hours a week.

Continuation of Course 662. Tests of wires; tension, compression and
torsion tests of metals; tranverse tests of metals and timber; determination
of the Modulus of Elasticity of metals; autographic testing. For Civil Engineers.
(Winter.)

670. Fuel and Oil Testing. [Henderson and Assistant.]

5 hours a week.

Standard methods of sampling coal; proximate analysis of coal; determination
of the heating value of coal by the bomb calorimeter, with a study
of the cooling correction; the heating value of gas by the Junker calorimeter;
determination of specific gravity, flash and boiling points, chill point, viscosity,
carbon residue, and emulsification value of oils. (Fall.)

680. Hydraulic Testing. [Henderson and Assistant.]

5 hours a week.

The measurement of the flow of water by means of orifices and weir
notches; determination of the coefficient of friction for pipe and pipe elbows;
study of a piston water meter; tests of large and small Venturi meters; performance
tests of piston and centrifugal pumps. (Spring.)

690. Power Laboratory. [Henderson.]

5 hours a week.

The calibration and adjustment of gauges; calibration of thermometers,
planimeters, pyrometers, and indicators; flue gas analysis; steam quality
tests; valve setting; determination of clearances; tests of steam boilers; tests
of a steam engine. For Mechanical Engineers. (Fall.)

691. Power Laboratory. [Henderson.]

5 hours a week.

Continuation of Course 690. Complete tests of a gasoline engine; complete
tests of a steam engine; tests of a steam turbine with a study of methods
of correcting to standard conditions. The Power Test Code of the

221

American Society of Mechanical Engineers used. For Mechanical Engineers.
(Winter.)

692. Power Laboratory. [Henderson.]

5 hours a week.

Continuation of Course 691. Tests of an air compressor; tests of a
blower; complete tests of a centrifugal pump, and other assigned tests. For
Mechanical Engineers. (Spring.)

CIVIL ENGINEERING.

701. Curves and Earthwork. [Newcomb.]

10:30-11:30, M. W. F.

Lectures on simple circular, compound, reverse, transition and vertical
curves. The form of excavations and embankments, earthwork surveys,
computation of volumes, formation of embankments, computation of haul,
cost of earthwork, blasting. Practical problems covering work of lecture
course. (Fall.)

703. Highway Engineering. [Newcomb.]

12:30-1:30, T. Th. S.

A study of highway economics, administration, legislation and organization.
The principles of highway location, surveying, mapping and design.
The construction, maintenance and characteristics of earth, sand-clay, gravel,
and broken stone roads. A study of bituminous materials. The construction,
maintenance and characteristics of bituminous macadam, bituminous
concrete, asphalt, cement-concrete, wood block, brick and stone block pavements.
Sidewalks, curbs and gutters. (Fall.)

705. Bridge Engineering. [Newcomb.]

10:30-11:30, M. W. F.

A study of bridge stresses, the design and construction of selected types
of steel bridges. (Winter.)

707. Water-supply and Sewerage. [Saunders.]

12:30-1:30, T. Th. S.

A study of the quality, sources, collection, conveyance, purification and
distribution of city water supplies; the drainage of houses and streets, the
collection and conveyance of sewage, the disposal of sewage, the construction
and maintenance of works. (Winter.)

715. Materials of Construction. [Newcomb.]

12:30-1:30, M. W. F.

A descriptive study of the properties, characteristics and manufacture
of the materials used in engineering structures. Problems in estimating
quantities and costs. (Fall.)

716. Railway Engineering. [Newcomb.]

10:30-11:30, M. W. F.

An intensive study of the location, construction, maintenance and operation
of steam railways. Special attention is given to questions of railway
economics. (Spring.)

718. Masonry Structures. [Newcomb.]

12:30-1:30, T. Th. S.

A study of the theory of reinforced concrete design. The design and
construction of selected types of masonry structures. Practical exercises in
design together with structural drawings. (Spring.)

222

719. Advanced Highway Engineering. [Newcomb and Instructor.]

11:30-12:30, T. Th. S.

Highway engineering design. Theory and economics of highway transport
surveys. Highway transport economics, methods, legislation and management.
Highway traffic regulations. (Spring.)

720. Structural Engineering. [Newcomb.]

11:30-12:30, T. Th. S.

An advanced course in the design and construction of engineering structures
of steel and masonry. The student will be required to design, detail
and prepare completed drawings of selected structures. (Fall.)

721. Design of Water-supply and Sewerage Systems. [Saunders.]

11:30-12:30, T. Th. S.

The design, construction and operation of water-supply and sewerage
systems. The student will be required to make complete designs and prepare
all necessary plans and specifications. (Fall.)

722. Sanitary Engineering. [Saunders.]

11:30-12:30, T. Th. S.

A study of water purification and sewage disposal. The design, construction
and operation of water purification works, and sewage disposal
plants. The student will be required to make complete designs and prepare
all necessary plans and specifications. (Spring.)

725. Civil Engineering Research.

This course will be devoted to intensive study and research planned to
accord with the student's individual choice of major topic of study in the
graduate year. (Spring.)

PRACTICE COURSES.

751. Railroad Surveying. [Saunders and Assistants.]

9 hours a week.

This course supplements 701, Curves and Earthwork. The class is divided
into squads, each squad making complete surveys, maps, profiles, and
estimates for a mile of located line. (Fall.)

755. Bridge Drafting. [Newcomb.]

12 hours a week.

This course accompanies 705, Bridges. Each student is required to
make complete design and detail drawings of one plate girder and one selected
type of bridge truss. (Winter.)

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.

800. Elementary Steam Engineering. [Hancock and Macconochie.]

Two sections, 12:30-1:30, M. W. F.

A study of methods employed and elementary scientific principles involved
in the production of heat and power from the combustion of fuels
with steam for vehicle. Analysis and design of familiar apparatus and study
of local heating and power installations. (Winter.)

801. Steam Power Plants. [Hancock and Macconochie.]

Two sections, 12:30-1:30, M. W. F.

223

The economic design and operation of steam power plants. The subject
is treated in lectures with assigned reading and solution of problems.
Each student is expected to produce the design of a plant to satisfy some
assumed conditions. (Spring.)

803. Applied Thermodynamics. [Macconochie.]

10:30-11:30, M. W. F.

The elementary thermodynamic theory of air compressors, internal combustion
engines and mechanical refrigerators. Weekly exercises and problems
in design. (Spring.)

804. Applied Thermodynamics. [Macconochie.]

10:30-11:30, M. W. F.

The elementary theory of the steam engine and steam turbine. Weekly
exercises and problems in design. (Winter.)

806. Kinematics of Machines. [Hancock.]

12:30-1:30, T. Th. S.

A study of relative displacements, velocities and accelerations in machine
parts; especial emphasis being placed upon engine, valve and governor
mechanisms. Lectures, assigned reading and problems for both analytical
and graphical solution. (Fall.)

808. General Thermodynamics. [Macconochie.]

10:30-11:30, M. W. F.

The properties of the permanent gases and steam. Laws of thermodynamics.
Standard cycles. Entropy. Weekly problems and exercises.
(Fall.)

810. Automotive Engines. [Hancock.]

10:30-11:30, M. W. F.

The thermodynamics and mechanical design of the automobile, truck
and tractor engine; comprising a study of fuels, carburation, combustion,
valves and ignition timing, forces, stresses, balancing, lubrication, electrical
equipment. Lectures, assigned reading and solution of problems. (Fall.)

811. Chassis Design. [Hancock.]

10:30-11:30, M. W. F.

A study of the mechanical design and construction of the car and truck
chassis, comprising the support group, the power group (omitting the engine),
the control group, forces, stresses, materials and lubrication. Lectures,
assigned reading and solution of problems. (Winter.)

812. Motor Trucks and Tractors. [Hancock.]

10:30-11:30, M. W. F.

The adaptability of trucks and tractors to specific demands of transportation;
the study of special bodies, containers and trailers; examination
of reports of tests and of actual performance, costs of maintenance and operation.
Lectures and assigned reading. (Spring.)

813. Kinetics of Machines. [Hancock.]

12:30-1:30, T. Th. S.

Investigation of applied and inertia forces and consequent stresses and
strains in machine parts; with reference, especially, to engines, valve gears
and governors. Lectures, assigned reading and problems for both analytical
and graphical solution. (Winter.)

814. Machine Design. [Hancock.]

12:30-1:30, T. Th. S.

Carrying on the results of kinematics and kinetics of machines to the

224

selection of suitable materials for machine parts, determination of forms and
sizes, lubrication, preparation of sketches, specifications and working drawings;
especial emphasis being placed upon problems in engine design.
(Spring.)

815-816-817. [Macconochie.]

10-30-11:30, T. Th. S.

The thermodynamics and mechanical design of steam turbines, steam
engines and internal combustion engines. Lectures, assigned reading and
weekly exercises. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

818. Industrial Management. [Hancock and Macconochie.]

12:30-1:30, M. W. F.

A study of the methods which have been employed to promote harmony
and coöperation in industry. The work is carried on by means of assigned
reading and discussion. (Fall.)

859. Automotive Laboratory. [Hancock and Assistant.]

6 hours a week.

Shop work in overhauling, assembling and adjusting; engine testing
for fuel consumption and lubrication, road tests for best speed and mileage.
(Spring.)

SHOP-WORK.

The work in these courses is primarily intended for students having
little or no practical experience, but others are required also to attend them,
individual capabilities and requirements being considered. While in no
sense aiming at the training of craftsmen, the intention is to familiarize the
student with workshop methods and processes, and acquaint him with the
physical properties of engineering materials. The early stages of the training
must necessarily be confined in most cases to simple exercises; but work
having a definite objective is soon undertaken. Opportunity is then given
for progressing a simple machine part, and carrying out the associated operations
of tool dressing, grinding, etc., from its inception in the drawing
office to its completion in the shop.

865. Wood Shop. [Macconochie and Assistants.]

3 hours a week.

Exercises in the use of hand and machine tools, including the saw,
planer and centre lathe. The production of simple patterns. (Fall or Winter
or Spring.)

866. Machine Shop. [Macconochie and Assistants.]

3 hours a week.

Exercises in turning, boring and screw-cutting. Machine tool operation.
Chipping, filing and scraping. Hardening, grinding and tempering of
tools. Drawing, tracing and blue-printing. (Fall or winter or Spring.)

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.

900. Elements of Electrical Engineering. [Rodman.]

10:30-11:30, M. W. F.

Lectures treating fundamental principles of Electrical Engineering;
basic ideas and fundamental units discussed; magnetic circuits and continuous

225

electric currents treated in detail; electromagnetism carefully studied.
Special attention is given to the physical conceptions involved, and numerous
assigned problems exemplify and broaden the theoretical discussions.
3 hours per week of supervised problem work. (Fall.)

901. Direct Current Machines. [Rodman.]

10:30-11:30, M. W. F.

Lectures on the theory, construction, characteristics, and operation of
direct current generators and motors and the necessary apparatus required
for the proper management and control of these machines. The principles
of testing such machines are carefully discussed. Problems illustrating the
methods of calculation involved in continuous current circuits and practical
examples from standard engineering practice form an important part of the
work. 3 hours per week of supervised problem work. (Winter.)

902. Periodic Currents. [Rodman.]

10:30-11:30, M. W. F.

Lectures on electrostatic phenomena, variable currents, alternating currents,
and alternating current circuits, both single and polyphase. A careful
study is made of circuits with periodic currents and their characteristics when
resistance, inductive reactance and capacity reactance are present in their various
combinations. Extensive problem work is required to facilitate the
treatment of simple and complex circuits. 3 hours per week of supervised
problem work. (Spring.)

903. Alternating Current Machinery. [Rodman.]

11:30-12:30, M. W. F.

Lectures on the theory, construction, characteristics, and operation of
alternating current generators, synchronous motors, rotary converters, and
transformers. These machines are considered as units and as integral parts
of electrical systems. The principles of testing such apparatus under various
conditions of loading are discussed, and assigned problem work illustrates
the theory and practice. 3 hours per week of supervised problem work.
(Fall.)

904. Alternating Current Machinery. [Rodman.]

11:30-12:30, M. W. F.

This course is a continuation of 903. The lectures treat more particularly
alternating current motors, induction, series and repulsion types, with
their characteristics and control apparatus. Methods of testing are outlined
and graphical methods of calculation and predetermination of operating
characteristics are discussed. Problems taken from engineering practice
serve to broaden and fix the theoretical deductions. 3 hours per week of supervised
problem work. (Winter.)

906. Illumination and Photometry. [Rodman.]

11:30-12:30, M. W. F.

Lectures on light, its physical properties; illuminants and their characteristics;
shades and reflectors; photometry, standards and apparatus; illumination
calculations for point and surface sources; principles of interior, exterior,
decorative, and scenic illumination. Problems illustrating computations
necessary for the consideration of the Illuminating Engineer are assigned.
(Fall.) Optional for Hydro-electric Engineering (920).

226

907. Electric Traction. [Rodman.]

11:30-12:30, M. W. F.

Lectures on the various types of electric motors for traction purposes,
controllers and systems of control, brakes, rolling stock, track, train performance,
and electric railway economics. A discussion with problems of
the complete electrification system for electric railways, including generating
apparatus, transmission, sub-stations and equipment, distribution, and
utilization of electrical energy for car propulsion. (Spring.)

910. Direct Current Systems. [Rodman.]

10:30-11:30, T. Th. S.

Lectures dealing with the fundamentals of electrical circuits and direct
current machinery. Problem work accompanies the lectures. The course
is essentially for the non-electrical engineering students. (Fall.)

911. Alternating Current Systems. [Rodman.]

10:30-11:30, T. Th. S.

Lectures covering the fundamentals of alternating current circuits and
machinery. Brief expositions of the subjects of electric lighting and power
fundamentals. For non-electrical engineering students. (Winter.)

915. Alternating Current Machinery. [Rodman.]

11:30-12:30, M. W. F.

This course is a continuation of 903-4. A more detailed study of the
operating characteristics of alternating current machinery is taken up particularly
treating the machines from the standpoint of design. Problems are
solved to clarify the theory. 3 hours of supervised problem work per week.
(Spring.)

920. Hydro-electric Engineering. [Rodman.]

11:30-12:30, T. Th. S.

A course of lectures dealing with the fundamentals of hydro-electric engineering
from the consideration of rain-fall through the various steps of
investigation and construction to the finished plants, with especial emphasis
on the economic features of the problem. (Fall.) Optional for Illumination
and Photometry 906-956.

930. Electric Power Transmission. [Rodman and Miller.]

12:30-1:30, T. Th. S.

A study of the problems involved in modern electric power transmission.
Treating the inductance and capacity of lines, aerial and underground;
corona; steady state solutions for short and long lines. (Fall.)

931. Electric Power Transmission. [Rodman and Miller.]

12:30-1:30, T. Th. S.

A continuation of course 930, dealing with such aspects of the problem
of electrical transmission of energy as the production, effect and calculation
of transients with means of protecting against such phenomena. (Spring.)

940-941-942. Electrical Communication. [Rodman and Miller.]

A course dealing with the general subject of electrical communication
of intelligence by wire and wireless telegraph and telephone with emphasis
on the theoretical details of the subject. Treatment of the various mechanisms
and circuits utilized with particular reference to the vacuum tube engineering.
(Fall, Winter, Spring.)

227

LABORATORY COURSES.

950-951. Direct Current Laboratory. [Forrest.]

5 hours a week.

This course supplements 900-1. The laboratory work is devoted to a
study of electrical instruments, their use and manipulation; simple electrical
circuits and study of direct current apparatus and its operation; characteristics
of generators and motors. (Winter, Spring.)

953-954-965. Alternating Current Laboratory. [Forrest.]

5 hours a week.

This course supplements 902-3-4-15, dealing with measuring instruments
for alternating current circuits; series and parallel circuits and their characteristics;
polyphase circuits, balanced and unbalanced; and alternating current
generator, motor and transformer characteristics. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

956. Photometric Laboratory. [Rodman.]

2 hours a week.

This course accompanies 906. Photometric tests are made upon different
types of incandescent lamps. The operating characteristics of incandescent
and are lamps are studied. Tests of illumination, interior and exterior,
are carried out. Study of photometric standards and devices. (Fall.)

960-961. Electrical Laboratory. [Forrest.]

5 hours a week.

This course supplements 910-11. The work of the first term is devoted
to direct current tests; the second term exercises are on alternating current
circuits and machines. (Fall, Winter.)

990-991-992. Electrical Communication Laboratory. [Rodman and Miller.]

4 hours a week.

A course supplementing 940-1-2 and devoted to various special tests of
communication circuits and apparatus. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

STUDENT BRANCHES OF NATIONAL PROFESSIONAL
SOCIETIES.

There have been established at the University of Virginia Student
Branches of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (1912), the
American Society of Civil Engineers (1921) and the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers (1922). These societies hold regular meetings for the
discussion of periodical literature and the exposition by resident and visiting
engineers of the present-day problems in Engineering. A valuable feature of
the meetings is the opportunity presented for practice in public speaking and
debate. At stated meetings the Branches hold joint sessions for the discussion
of mutually interesting questions.

TAU BETA PI.

In May, 1921, a chapter of the National Honorary Engineering Fraternity
Tau Beta Pi was granted and the Alpha of Virginia Chapter of Tau
Beta Pi will henceforth serve to further inspire high scholarship and integrity.
This fraternity is recognized as the leading honorary engineering fraternity
of this country and its chapters are found in a limited number of engineering

228

schools of the highest standing. The members are elected with
care and the standards maintained are rigid both in respect to scholarship
and character.

THETA TAU.

In June, 1923, a chapter of the National Engineering Fraternity of
Theta Tau was granted at the University of Virginia. This fraternity has
chapters in a score or more of the leading engineering schools of the country
and membership is eagerly sought and greatly appreciated by the members
of the student body. Elections are made each year based on scholarship
and general record of ability and promise of future service to the profession
of engineering.

ENGINEERING JOURNAL.

During the session of 1920-1921 the University of Virginia Journal of
Engineering was first issued. The Journal is published by the Students of
Applied Science and is issued ten times yearly. Contributions are made by
students, instructors and alumni and the Journal gives to the students especially
an opportunity to take part in an activity of interest and value while
providing a medium in which may be published results of individual experience
and research.

ENGINEERING STUDENTS' READING CLUB.

A gift to the Department of Engineering from Messrs. Arthur P. Jones,
William Barham Jones (B.A. 1907) and Major Kenneth S. Jones (B.A.,
LL.B., C.E. 1915, Major U. S. A., Engineer Corps) in memory of their
father, the late Walter H. Jones of Norfolk, Va., and of his deep interest in
the University of Virginia, in the form of an endowment fund has made it
possible to provide a considerable number of professional periodicals representing
the various engineering activities. To promote the regular use of
these periodicals an Engineering Students' Reading Club has been formed
to which all engineering students are eligible and this club is expected to
foster proper use of the periodicals to the end that the maximum of value
will be obtained by the students from their reading.

FACILITIES FOR ILLUSTRATED LECTURES.

To facilitate the presentation of illustrative material a complete Holmes
portable motion-picture projector has been installed, and the main lecture
room is now equipped with shades for darkening in order that good projection
may be obtained during daylight hours. A new Bausch and Lomb slide
and opaque projector is also available for this work in addition to the older
projector previously used.

229

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
NEW ENGINEERING CURRICULUM.

	Freshman All courses	Sophomore All except Chemical	Sophomore Chemical
	English 1-2-3	[3] Calculus 108-9-10	[3] Calculus 108-9-10
	Math. 100-106-107	[3] Physics 200-1-2	[3] Physics 200-1-2
	[3] Chem. 300-1-2	Engrg. 715-800-1	Engrg. 715-800-1
	[3] Ap. Math. 521-2-3	Com. Law 13-14-15 or	[3] Qual. Anal. 315-16-17
	[3] Field-work 571	Govt. 16-17-18 or
	[3] Shop-work 865-6	History 31-32-33
	L. F. $50	L. F. $15	L. F. $30
	Junior	Senior	Graduate
Civil	English 4-5-6	Cost Acct. 21-2-3	[3] Eng. Geol. 400-1-2
	[3] Ap. Math. 524-6-5	Ap. Math. 527-8-9	[3] Elec. Sys. 910-11
	C. E. 703-7-18	[3] Exp. Engrg. 662-3-80	Engrg. Econs. & Spec. 26
	[3] Exp. Engrg. 650	C. E. 701-5-16	Elective 34-5-6
	Econs. 10-11-12 or	[3] Ry. Field-work 751	Option: C. E. 720-19 or
	Mod. Lang. 40-1-2	[3] Bridge Drafting 755	C. E. 721-22
			C. E. Research 725
	L. F. $30	L. F. $35	L. F. $10
Mechanical	English 4-5-6	Cost Acct. 21-2-3	M. E. 806-13-14
	[3] Ap. Math. 524-6-5	Ap. Math. 527-8-9	M. E. 815-16-17
	M. E. 808-4-3	[3] Exp. Engrg. 670-61-80	M. E. 818
	[3] Exp. Engrg. 690-1-2	M. E. 810-11-12	C. E. 719
	Econs. 10-11-12 or	[3] Elec. Sys. 910-11	Engrg. Econs. & Spec. 26
	Mod. Lang. 40-1-2	[3] M. E. Lab. 859	Elective 34-5-6
	L. F. $30	L. F. $30	L. F. $10
Electrical	English 4-5-6	Cost Acct. 21-2-3	E. E. 930-1
	[3] Ap. Math. 524-6-5	Ap. Math. 527-8-9	Option: [3] E. E. 906 or 920
	E. E. 900-1-2	[3] Exp. Engrg. 670-61-80	[3] Phys. 259
	Math. 111	E. E. 903-4-15	Engrg. Econs. & Spec. 26
	[3] E. E. Lab. 950-1	[3] E. E. Lab. 953-4-65	E. E. 907
	Econs. 10-11-12 or		Option: M. E. 808-4-3 with
	Mod. Lang. 40-1-2		Exp. Engrg. 690-1-2
			or [3] E. E. 940-1-2
			Elective 34-5-6
	L. F. $25	L. F. $30	L. F. $25
Chemical	English 4-5-6	Cost Acct. 21-2-3	Chem. Engrg. 324-5-6
	[3] Ap. Math. 524-6-5	[3] Quan. Anal. 318-19-20	Ap. Chem. 340-1-2
	[3] Org. Chem. 309-10-11	[3] Phys. Chem. 303-4-5	Engrg. Econs. & Spec. 26
	German 40-1-2	[3] Elec. Sys. 910-11	Elective 34-5-6
		Ap. Math. 529.	[3] Chem. Research 374-5-6
		[3] Exp. Engrg. 680
	L. F. $35	L. F. $55	L. F. $20
Mining	English 4-5-6	Cost Acct. 21-2-3	[3] Mineralogy 412-13-14 or
	[3] Ap. Math. 524-6-5	[3] Elec. Sys. 910-11	[3] Petrography 406-7-8
	[3] Engrg. Geol. 400-1-2	Ap. Math. 529	[3] Adv. Econ. Geol. 409-10-11
	Econs. 10-11-12 or	[3] Exp. Engrg. 680	Engrg. Econs. & Spec. 26
	Mod. Lang. 40-1-2	[3] Econ. Geol. 403-4-5	Elective 34-5-6
		Mining 541-2-3	[3] Qual. Anal. 315-16-17
	L. F. $15	L. F. $15	L. F. $20

[3]

Starred courses involve laboratory work.

L. F.—Laboratory Fees.

230

SCHEDULE OF FOUR-YEAR COURSES.

CLASSES.					LECTURES.		LABORATORY.
	C—lectures per wk. S-H—session	C	L	S-H	M. W. F.	T. Th. S.
	L—hrs. of practice per wk. hours.	C	L	S-H	M. W. F.	T. Th. S.
Freshman	English (1-2-3)	3		3	12:30-1:30
	Math. (100-106-107)	3		3		9:30-10:30
	Gen. Chem. (300-301-302)	3	6	6		10:30-11:30	11:30-1:30, T. Th. S.
	Ap. Math. (521-522-523)	3	6	6	10:30-11:30		8:30-10:30, M. W. F.
	Field-work (571)						6 h. a. w.
	Shop-work (865-866)		3	1			3 h. a. w.
Sophomore	Com. Law (13-14-15) or Govt. (16-17-18)	3		3		8:30-9:30 or
	or History (31-32-33)	3		3		9:30-10:30
	Math. (108-109-110)	3	6	6	11:30-12:30		2:30-4:30, M. W. F.
	Physics (200-201-202)	3	6	6		10:30-11:30	8:30-10-30, M. W. F. or 2-30-5:30, T. Th.
	Qual. Anal. (315-316-317)	3	6	6		8:30-9:30	2:30-5:30, T. Th.
	Engrg. (715-800-801)	3		3	12:30-1:30
Junior	Eng. (4-5-6)	3		3
	Econs. (10-11-12) or	3		3	9:30-10:30
	Mod. Lang. (40-41-42) M. T. W. Th. F.	5		3	9:30-10:30
	Math. (111) Fall	3		1		12:30-1:30
	Org. Chem. (309-310-311)	3	6	6		11:30-12:30	2:30-5:30. T. Th.
	Engrg. Geol. (400-401-402) M. T. W.	3	6	6	11:30-12:30		6 h. a. w.
	Ap. Math. (524-526-525)	3	6	6		10:30-11:30	8:30-10:30, T. Th. S.
	Civil Engrg. (703-707-718)	3	6	5		12:30-1:30	6 h. a. w. Winter and Spring
	Mech. Engrg. (808-804-803)	3		3	10:30-11:30
	Elec. Engrg. (900-901-902)	3	3	4½	10:30-11:30		2:30-5:30, W.
	Exp. Engrg. (650)		6	1			6 h. a. w. Fall
	Exp. Engrg. (690-691-692)	1	4	3		9:30-10:30, T.	2:30-6:30, T. or Th.
	Elec. Lab. (950-951)	1	4	2		11:30-12:30, Th.	2:30-6:30, M. or W.
Senior	Cost Accounting (21-22-23)	3		3	9:30-10:30		2:30-5:30, T. Th.
	Phys. Chem. (303-304-305)	3	6	6	12:30-1:30		2:30-5:30, M. W.
	Quant. Anal. (318-319-320)	1	6	3	1 hr. to be ar'ng'd		6 h. a. w.
	Econ. Geol. (403-404-405) M. T. W.	3	6	6	10:30-11:30
	Ap. Math. (527-528-529)	3		3		12:30-1:30
	Mining (541-542-543)	3		3	11:30-12:30
	Civil Engrg. (701-705-716)	3	12	5	10:30-11:30		12 h. a. w. Spring
	Mech. Engrg. (810-811-812)	3		3	10:30-11:30
	Elec. Engrg. (903-904-915)	3	3	4½	11:30-12:30		2:30-5:30, T.
	Elec. Engrg. (910-911)	3		2		10:30-11:30
	Exp. Engrg. (662-663)	1	4	2		11:30-12:30, Th.	2:30-6:30, M. or W. or F.
	Exp. Engrg. (670-661-680)	1	4	3		11:30-12:30, T.	2:30-6:30, M. or W. or F.
	Ry. Field-work (751)		9	1½			9 h. a. w. Fall
	Bridge Draw. (755)		12	2			12 h. a. w. Winter
	Auto. Lab. (859)		6	1			6 h. a. w. Spring
	Elec. Lab. (953-954-965)	1	4	3		9:30-10:30, Th.	2:30-6:30, T. or Th.
	Elec. Lab. (960-961)	1	4	2		11:30-12:30, Th.	2:30-6:30, F. Fall and Winter.

231

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
NEW CURRICULUM IN CIVIL ENGINEERING.

	Humanities	Mathematics and Science	Technical Engineering
Freshman	English: Rhetoric Composition Survey of Literature	Mathematics; Trigonometry Analytical Geometry and College Algebra Chemistry	Plane Surveying Mechanical Drawing Descriptive Geometry Drawing Laboratory Field-work Shop-work
Sophomore	Options: History or Government or Commercial Law	Mathematics: Differential and Integral Calculus Physics Mathematics Laboratory	Materials of Construction Steam Engineering Power Plants
Junior	English Literature Options: Economics or Modern Language	Graphical Statics Elementary Mechanics Structural Drawing Drawing Laboratory	Highways Water supply & Sewerage Masonry Road Materials Tests
Senior	Cost Accounting	Applied Mechanics Strength of Materials Hydraulics Mechanics Laboratory	Curves and Earthwork Bridges Railways Bridge Drafting Railway Surveying
Degree of B.S. in Engineering on completion of Four-Year Course.
Graduate	Elective: Philosophy or Architecture or Fine Arts or other subject approved by the Faculty of Engineering	Engineering Geology	Engineering Economics and Specifications Option: Advanced Structural Engineering and Highways or Advanced Water Supply and Sewerage Electric Systems C. E. Research
Degree of C.E. on completion of additional Graduate Course.

Practice courses are printed in Italics; courses with combined lectures and laboratory
work in Black Face Type.

232

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
NEW CURRICULUM IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.

	Humanities	Mathematics and Science	Technical Engineering
Freshman	English: Rhetoric Composition Survey of Literature	Mathematics; Trigonometry Analytical Geometry and College Algebra Chemistry	Plane Surveying Mechanical Drawing Descriptive Geometry Drawing Laboratory Field-work Shop-work
Sophomore	Options: History or Government or Commercial Law	Mathematics: Differential and Integral Calculus Physics Mathematics Laboratory	Materials of Construction Steam Engineering Power Plants
Junior	English Literature Option: Economics or Modern Language	Graphical Statics Elementary Mechanics Structural Drawing Drawing Laboratory	General and Applied Thermodynamics Power Testing
Senior	Cost Accounting	Applied Mechanics Strength of Materials Hydraulics Mechanics Laboratory	Automotive Engineering Electric Systems Automotive Laboratory
Degree of B.S. in Engineering on completion of Four-Year Course.
Graduate	Elective: Philosophy or Architecture or Fine Arts or other subject approved by the Faculty of Engineering		Mechanics of Machines Prime Movers Industrial Management Engineering Economics and Specifications Highway Transport
Degree of M.E. on completion of the additional Graduate Course.

Practice courses are printed in Italics; courses with combined lecture and laboratory
work in Black Face Type.

233

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
NEW CURRICULUM IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.

	Humanities	Mathematics and Science	Technical Engineering
Freshman	English: Rhetoric Composition Survey of Literature	Mathematics; Trigonometry Analytical Geometry and College Algebra Chemistry	Plane Surveying Mechanical Drawing Descriptive Geometry Drawing Laboratory Field-work Shop-work
Sophomore	Options: History or Government or Commercial Law	Mathematics: Differential and Integral Calculus Physics Mathematics Laboratory	Materials of Construction Steam Engineering Power Plants
Junior	English Literature Option: Economics or Modern Language	Mathematics: Differential Equations Graphical Statics Elementary Mechanics Structural Drawing Drawing Laboratory	Elements of Electricity Direct Cur. Machinery Periodic Currents Electrical Laboratory Supervised Problem Work
Senior	Cost Accounting	Applied Mechanics Strength of Materials Hydraulics Mechanics Laboratory	Alternating Current Machinery Electrical Laboratory Supervised Problem Work
Degree of B.S. in Engineering on completion of Four-Year Course.
Graduate	Elective: Philosophy or Architecture or Fine Arts or other subject approved by the Faculty of Engineering	Electrical Measurements	Electric Power Engineering Economics and Specifications Electric Railways Option: Illumination and Photometry or Hydro-electric Engineering Option: Thermodynamics with Power Testing or Electric Communication
Degree of E.E. on completion of the additional Graduate Course.

Practice courses are printed in Italics; courses with combined lecture and laboratory
work in Black Face Type.

234

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
NEW CURRICULUM IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING.

	Humanities	Mathematics and Science	Technical Engineering
Freshman	English: Rhetoric Composition Survey of Literature	Mathematics; Trigonometry Analytical Geometry and College Algebra Chemistry	Plane Surveying Mechanical Drawing Descriptive Geometry Drawing Laboratory Field-work Shop-work
Sophomore		Mathematics: Differential and Integral Calculus Physics Qualitative Analysis Mathematics Laboratory	Materials of Construction Steam Engineering Power Plants
Junior	English Literature German	Organic Chemistry Graphical Statics Elementary Mechanics Structural Drawing Drawing Laboratory
Senior	Cost Accounting	Quantitative Analysis Physical Chemistry Hydraulics Hydraulics Laboratory	Electric Systems
Degree of B.S. in Engineering on completion of Four-Year Course.
Graduate	Elective: Philosophy or Architecture or Fine Arts or other subject approved by the Faculty of Engineering	Applied Chemistry Chemical Research	Chemical Engineering Principles Engineering Economics and Specifications
Degree of Ch.E. on completion of the additional Graduate Course.

Practice courses are printed in Italics; courses with combined lecture and laboratory
work in Black Face Type.

235

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
NEW CURRICULUM IN MINING ENGINEERING.

	Humanities	Mathematics and Science	Technical Engineering
Freshman	English: Rhetoric Composition Survey of Literature	Mathematics; Trigonometry Analytical Geometry and College Algebra Chemistry	Plane Surveying Mechanical Drawing Descriptive Geometry Drawing Laboratory Field-work Shop-work
Sophomore	Options: History or Government or Commercial Law	Mathematics: Differential and Integral Calculus Physics Mathematics Laboratory	Materials of Construction Steam Engineering Power Plants
Junior	English Literature Option: Economics or Modern Language	Graphical Statics Elementary Mechanics Structural Drawing Drawing Laboratory Engineering Geology
Senior	Cost Accounting	Economic Geology Hydraulics Hydraulic Laboratory	Electric Systems Mining
Degree of B.S. in Engineering on completion of Four-Year Course.
Graduate	Elective: Philosophy or Architecture or Fine Arts or other subject approved by the Faculty of Engineering	Advanced Economic Geology Mineralogy or Petrography Qualitative Analysis	Engineering Economics and Specifications
Degree of E.M. on completion of the additional Graduate Course.

Practice courses are printed in Italics; courses with combined lecture and laboratory
work in Black Face Type.

236

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
LECTURE HOURS AND EXAMINATION DAYS 1925-1926.

	Monday, Wednesday, Friday			Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday
Exam. Day	NEW CURRICULUM Freshman, Sophomore and Junior	OLD CURRICULUM Senior	Lecture Hour	OLD CURRICULUM Senior	NEW CURRICULUM Freshman, Sophomore and Junior	Exam. Day
VIII	Fresh. Drawing Lab.		8:30 to 9:30		Junior Drawing Lab.	III
VIII	Soph. Physics Lab.		8:30 to 9:30		Qual. Anal. (315-16-17)	III
II	Econs. (10-11-12)	Busi. Adm. (20-25-30)	9:30 to 10:30	Ap. Chem. (340-1-2)	Junior Drawing Lab.	X
	Fresh. Drawing Lab.				Math. (100-6-7)
	Soph. Physics Lab.
IV	Ap. Math. (521-2-3)	Econ. Geol. (403-4-5)	10:30 to 11:30	E. E. (910-11-12)	Ap. Math. (524-5-6)	VII
	M. E. (808-4-3)	M. E. (809-6-5)			Soph. Physics (200-1-2)
	E. E. (900-1-2)				Fresh. Chem. (300-1-2)
IX	Math. (108-9-10)	Mining (541-2-3)	11:30 to 12:30	E. E. (906-7-5)	Fresh. Chem. Lab.	V
IX	Engrg. Geol. (400-1-2)	E. E. (903-4-15)	11:30 to 12:30		Org. Chem. (309-10-11)	V
I	English (1-2-3)	Phys. Chem. (303-4-5)	12:30 to 1:30	Ap. Math. (527-8-9)	Fresh. Chem. Lab.	VI
	Soph. Engrg. (715-800-1)	Petrography (406-7-8)			C. E. (703-7-18)
					Math. (111)

The examination days for the various classes are fixed
by the hour of regular lecture period. The examination
day for a particular course is indicated in the table above
by the Roman numeral in the first or last column, for the
corresponding lecture hours in the middle column. The
examination period covers ten days at the end of each
term.

A change in lecture for any course will change the examination
day correspondingly. Classes for which lecture
periods are not indicated will have examination days fixed
by the arranged lecture hour in accordance with above
schedule.

In the schedule printed above for 1925-1926 the courses
listed are the new courses for Freshmen, Sophomores and
Juniors and the older courses for Seniors. The older
courses are found completely explained in Vol. IX of the
University of Virginia Record and apply to those students
who will complete the old curriculum not later than
June, 1926.

During the transfer period from the older to the new
curriculum the hour schedule has been as closely adapted
to the five-year hour schedule as could be made feasible.
As a consequence it will be necessary for students during
the next year to use both the old and new catalogue
material in order to fix their actual hour schedule for a
current year.

237

EXPENSES OF REGULAR STUDENTS.

The average annual expense of a student who pursues the regular course
in Engineering will be:

	NonVirginians	Virginians
University Fee	$ 60	$ 40
Tuition	160	85
Laboratory Fees (average)	35	35
Living Expenses (for nine months)	400	400
Books and Drawing Materials	30	30
Incidental Expenses (for nine months)	60	60
Total annual for average conditions	$745	$650

The charges for Tuition are uniform to all students, except that Virginians
are relieved of tuition on courses offered in the College, this exception
saving regular Freshmen from Virginia $110 and all other Virginia students
$75 each year in comparison with non-Virginians.

The laboratory charges are $15 per class for the year's course in Physics,
and $20 per class for a year's course in Chemistry. A deposit for breakage
of $5 is required for each laboratory course in Chemistry. The fee for
each practice course in the Engineering Department, Drawing, Engineering
Laboratories, and Shop-work is $5 per term for each course. The fees for
Field-work and Bridge Drafting are each $10 per term per course. These
fees include all charges for laboratory materials; but the student is held further
responsible for breakage.

The Living Expenses include board, lodging, fuel and lights, servant and
laundry; the average is $10.00 per week, the minimum $7.50, and a reasonable
maximum $12.50. Books and Drawing Materials will cost about $120
for the four-year course. Incidental Expenses ought to be kept within modest
bounds; the above estimate is sufficient; large allowances of pocket
money promote idleness and attract companions of the baser sort. No allowances
are included for clothing and travel, the expenses for which vary
too much to be introduced into any general estimate.

The charges payable on entrance are the University Fee, and the Tuition
and Laboratory Fees.

EXAMINATIONS AND REPORTS.

Oral examinations are held at the beginning of each lecture hour on the
topics of the preceding lecture. Written test papers are set monthly, or at
such interval as the professor may appoint. Absences from lecture except
by reason of sickness are not excused without a written leave from the
Dean. Class standing is determined on the basis of the oral examinations
and the written tests. Absence from the latter or failure to answer incurs
a zero grade. Absences from laboratory periods, however caused, must be
made up by special private arrangement with the instructor.

238

Written examinations are held at the end of each term on the entire
work of that term. The result of examination combined with the student's
class-standing gives his term-grade. The pass-mark is seventy-five per
cent. Absence from the written term examination incurs a zero term-grade,
which may not be removed except by the passage of a special written examination
on the work of that term. Such special examinations are granted
only upon presentation of a written certificate from a reputable physician
that the student by reason of sickness on the day of the regular examination
was unable to attend.

Regular Reports are sent out at the end of every term to the student's
parent or guardian. These state for each course followed the term-grade and
the number of absences. Further comment may be added by the Dean or
the professor, if it appears probable that such comment would be helpful to
the student. Parents are urged to examine these reports carefully and to
exert such parental influence as may seem needed to establish and confirm
the student in habits of industry and order.

Special Reports are sent to parents at the end of each month for students
delinquent in attendance or studiousness and for delinquents only.
When a student is making steady progress and showing due diligence in his
work, only the regular reports are sent. The receipt of a special report is
evidence that, in the judgment of the faculty, prompt and pointed parental
admonition is urgently needed.

If in any class in the Department of Engineering a student fails to make
satisfactory progress, he is first admonished by the professor in charge. In
default of prompt and permanent improvement, he is next formally warned
by the Dean. If due amendment is then not immediately effected, the student's
name is dropped from the rolls of the Department, on the ground that
he is not accomplishing the purposes for which he should have entered upon
a University course of study.

REGULATIONS.

The following regulations, adopted to define the policy of the faculty,
are published for the information and guidance of the students:

1. Practice-courses as well as lecture-courses must be conducted under
the Honor System. The student who submits any work to be graded is considered
to submit it under pledge.

2. When the lecture-course and the associated practice-course are given
in the same term of the same year, no student will be admitted to examination
on the lecture-course until he has completed at least three-fourths of
the practice-course.

3. No student will be admitted to any practice-course unless he is at
the same time pursuing the associated lecture-course, or has already received
credit for the same.

4. No student will be admitted to the graduating examination on a

239

lecture-course unless he has been present at more than half the lectures in
that course.

5. In the technical courses in Engineering (i. e., courses not given in the
College) term-grades shall not be averaged; except that the term-grades for
Freshman Applied Mathematics may be averaged for the first-year men
only, provided no mark is below 65.

6. The pass-mark in every course is 75. Class standing is estimated at
20 points; the written examination at 80 points.

7. No student who fails to make 75 on term-grade shall be granted another
examination on the course until he has again attended lectures on
that course.

8. Special examinations are not given except by reason of sickness on
the day of examination, attested by the written certificate of a reputable
physician, or for other like providential causes. In every case they must
be validated by special vote of the faculty.

9. A student whose term-grades average less than 40 for all the courses
in which he is registered shall be at once dropped from the rolls. If his
average is above 40 with no mark above 65, he is placed on probation.

10. A student on probation, who in the next term makes less than 65 on
each and all his courses, shall be at once dropped from the rolls.

DRAFTING ROOMS.

The drafting rooms are abundantly lighted and are provided with solidly
constructed tables with locked drawers for instruments and materials.
Each student is assigned to a table and has a drawer for his exclusive use.
The regular Drawing Classes execute each one plate a week under the supervision
of the Instructors in Drawing. The more advanced students have
such additional drawings assigned by their respective professors as are
needed for the full development of the courses of study.

Careful attention is given to the training of the students in free-hand lettering,
in the conventional signs of mechanical drawing, in the proper layout
of drawings, and in neat and accurate execution. Exercises are required
also in tracing and in blue-printing, the rooms for which are conveniently
arranged and in close contiguity to the drafting rooms. A vertical
blue-printing machine with are lamp, complete with trays, has recently been
procured and installed. While, however, technical dexterity is demanded,
the graphical method is taught and used primarily as an indispensable instrument
of research, the thoughtful mastery of which is essential for the
instructed Engineer.

The construction and theory of the Polar Planimeter, the Slide Rule,
and the Pantograph are carefully taught, and the student is trained in the
practical use of these appliances for the rapid and accurate production of
estimates and copies from finished drawings.

240

SHOPS.

The Machine shop is provided with six first-class engine lathes, illustrating
the practice of the best American makers; with a planer, a shaper,
two drill presses, a universal milling machine (Brown & Sharpe), and a universal
grinder (same makers); also with a gas forge for tempering tools, a
cut-off saw for metal rods, an emery wheel, grindstone, and so on.

The wood shop is furnished with five small lathes, a large pattern-maker's
lathe, a jointer, a planer, a saw bench for slitting and cross-cutting,
a band-saw, a jig-saw, and a wood trimmer for pattern-making, six cabinetmaker's
benches, and an ample supply of hand tools.

EXPERIMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORIES.

Road Materials Laboratory.—The apparatus for tests of non-bituminous
road materials includes a two-cylinder Deval abrasion machine, a ball
mill, a moulding press for briquettes of rock dust, a Page impact cementation
tester, a Page impact toughness tester, a rock crusher and a Purdue
brick rattler. This outfit the University owes to the generous aid of the
late Dr. Logan Waller Page. In addition, the Department has acquired a
40,000-pound compression tester, a diamond core drill, a diamond rock saw,
a grinding lap, a Westphal balance, specific gravity apparatus, and a complete
set of sieves. Useful researches in the road-building rocks and gravels
of Virginia, as well as the standard tests, are conducted each year by the
class in Civil Engineering.

The apparatus for tests of bituminous road materials includes the New
York Testing Laboratory penetrometer, the Kirschbaum ductility machine,
the Engler viscosimeter, the asphalt viscosimeter, the New York Testing
Laboratory extractor, the New York State Board of Health oil tester, Hubbard
pyknometers, asphalt flow plates, gas and electric hot plates, and the
accessory apparatus needed for research on bituminous road-binders.

Structural Materials Laboratory.—The Sinclair Laboratory for work
in testing structural materials was founded on the original donation of Mrs.
John Sinclair, of New York City, as a memorial to her late husband. The
collection has since been considerably enlarged. It contains a Riehle
100,000-pound machine, arranged for tensile, compressive, and transverse
tests, with an attachment for taking autographic diagrams; an Olsen
100,000-pound machine and fitted with a suspended ball compression block;
a recently added 200,000-pound Olsen machine suitable for compressive tests
and also supplied with extension arms for making transverse tests of beams;
an Olsen torsion machine of 50,000 inch-pounds capacity; an Olsen impact-testing
machine of 100 foot-pounds capacity recently added; a Ewing machine
for finding the modulus of elasticity; hand machines for testing rods and
wires under pull, and small specimens of timber and cast iron under transverse
loads. It is also equipped with accessory measuring instruments;
these include a Henning extensometer, an Olsen compressometer, and a
Ewing optical extensometer of great delicacy.

241

The laboratory is completely equipped for making tests of cement, cement
aggregates, and concrete. It contains a Fairbank's tensile tester of
1,000 pounds capacity; an Olsen steaming oven for accelerated tests; an
Olsen drying oven with automatic temperature regulation; moist air closets;
sieves for mechanical analysis; moulds for tension and compression
tests; and the required small apparatus.

Fuel and Oil Laboratory.—For the determination of the heating value
of coal, petroleum, etc., the laboratory has an Emerson bomb calorimeter.
For gas calorimetry, a Junker calorimeter made by the American Meter
Co. is used. The equipment also includes a Braun gas muffle furnace, a
Brown high resistance pyrometer, balances, platinum crucibles, etc. For
investigating lubricants, the laboratory is equipped with such apparatus as
flash and chill point testers, hydrometers, viscosimeters, etc., used in the
determination of the physical properties of oils.

Hydraulics Laboratory.—The laboratory equipment for work in hydraulics
comprises a steel tank for weir experiments with interchangable
bronze notches; a hook gauge for measurement of surface levels; a standpipe
provided with a set of standard bronze orifices for experiments on efflux;
commercial pipe and elbows arranged for determining friction losses;
and the necessary scales, tanks, manometers, etc. It also includes a pump
which is piped to circulate water from a cement cistern to a tank in the
attic of the building.

A recent addition to the equipment of this laboratory is a motor driven
centrifugal pump with a capacity of 350 gallons per minute at 100 feet head,
equipped with a Venturi meter and the necessary piping, valves and gauges
to provide for complete performance tests on the pump. This unit also supplies
water at constant pressure for the other hydraulic tests.

Power Laboratory.—The laboratory is equipped to illustrate the theory
involved in Mechanical Engineering; to give practical instruction in the
handling of machinery; and to teach the fundamental methods of experimental
work. It contains a Ball high-speed engine; a De Laval turbine
with condensing and non-condensing nozzles, which is direct-connected to
a 20-kva. alternating-current generator; an Otto gasoline engine with a special
piston for alcohol; a Wheeler surface condenser to which the exhaust
from any of the steam units may be connected; a Sturtevant blower; an air
compressor; an A. B. C. Pitot tube; a steam pump; steam traps, etc. For
boiler tests, the boilers of the University Heating and Lighting Plant are
used.

The instrument room contains all necessary apparatus for carrying out
complete tests. Among this may be mentioned indicators, thermometers,
gauges, planimeters, with standards for their correction and calibration; two
types of Orsat apparatus; separating and throttling calorimeters, etc.

FIELD WORK IN CIVIL ENGINEERING.

The outfit of field instruments contains compasses, transits, and levels
of various approved makes; a solar transit, furnished also with stadia wires

242

and gradienter for tachymetric work; a Gurley mining transit, one of the
finest products of the instrument maker's art; a complete Gurley transit,
graduated to 30 seconds, with solar attachment, recently added; hand-levels
and clinometers for field topography; plane tables; a sextant; together
with an adequate supply of leveling rods, telemeter rods, signal poles, chains,
tapes, pins, and so on. For hydraulic surveys a hook guage and a current
meter are provided. All students are instructed in the theory and adjustments
of the field instruments and in their practical use in the field. They
are also required to make up their field-books in standard forms; to reduce
their surveys and execute all the necessary profiles, plans, and maps; and
to determine lengths, areas, and volumes both from the maps and from the
original notes. Polar planimeters are provided for facilitating such estimates,
and a pantograph for making reduced copies of finished drawings.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY.

The Scott Laboratory of Electrical Engineering.—This laboratory was
initially equipped and endowed by Mrs. Frances Branch Scott, of Richmond,
Va., as a memorial to her late son, an alumnus of this University.
During the year 1910 the equipment was substantially increased through
the generosity of the Hon. Charles R. Crane, of Chicago, Ill., a friend of
the University. During 1912 still further substantial additions were made,
consisting of measuring instruments, auxiliary control apparatus, and more
particular a steam-turbine-driven three-phase alternating-current generator
with exciter and control switchboard.

Within the past year very considerable additions have been made to the
equipment. The laboratory has been rearranged and rewired and a special
treatment has been used on the floors to eliminate dust. The newer apparatus
installed comprises a complete three-element oscillograph set with
the necessary accessories, two direct-current motor generator sets with automatic
push-button start and stop control complete, an experimental test
generator with modern switch board panel for its control and motor for
driving it equipped with automatic push-button start, stop and reverse control.

The latest apparatus installed now ready for use consists of a synchronous
motor driving an alternating current generator and a three-wire direct
current generator, with two exciters, on a common shaft. A complete three-panel
switchboard for the control of this set is equipped with full sets of instruments
and controls including a voltage regulator for the alternating current
generator.

In addition to full sets of electric meters with the appliances for testing
and calibrating them, galvanometers of the best modern types, standard
cells and resistances, standard condensers, and other pieces of apparatus
for minor tests, this laboratory contains numerous pieces of the very best
construction. Such are the Wolff potentiometer, the Seimens and Halske
Thomson double bridge, the Koepsel permeameter, the Station photometer
with Lummer-Brodhun screen, Macbeth illuminometer, the Carey-Foster
bridge and others. For the work in machine testing there are, in addition

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to the newer equipment listed above, a number of direct-current generators
and motors, series, shunt and compound, an interpole motor, a double current
generator, a two-phase alternator, a General Electric experimental test
set for alternating current, comprising a generator furnishing single, two,
three, six or twelve-phase current, and, in addition, offering three types of
induction motors with all necessary starting and controlling devices, a single-phase
repulsion motor, a two-phase induction motor, two three-phase induction
motors, several pairs of constant voltage transformers, a constant current
transformer, frequency meters, power factor indicator, synchronism indicator,
ground detector and the auxiliary apparatus used in testing these
machines. The laboratory has been arranged with a system of universal
plug and receptacle-connections to facilitate the setting up of all experimental
combinations.

BUILDINGS.

The buildings devoted wholly or in part to the work of the Department
of Engineering are the following:

The Mechanical Laboratory is the main seat of the instruction in technical
studies. It is 180 by 70 feet and contains on the main floor the Dean's
office and the offices of three other professors; and three lecture-rooms.

Above are an office, a small drafting room for advanced students, and
blue-print and photographic rooms. Below on the ground floor are an office
and classroom, the electrical laboratories, the testing laboratories, apparatus
and storerooms, and the students' lavatory. In order to more adequately
care for increased numbers this building has undergone a considerable rearrangement
during the past year. Wood and machine shop equipment has
been entirely removed from the building, as well as the facilities for Freshman
and Sophomore Drawing. This change made available much needed
classroom space and allowed the electrical laboratories to be expanded. Incident
to the changes new cement floors were constructed for the Road Materials
Testing Laboratory, the main testing Laboratory and the main hall.
A new high-pressure steam line from the Power House was also installed.

The Shops are now temporarily housed in the Garage erected for the
Motor Truck Training Detachment during the World War. This building
gives a floor space of some 5,000 square feet and has allowed the rearrangement
of wood and machine shop equipment for group drive by four electric
motors. Space is also available in this structure for use in connection with
the course in automobile construction and testing.

The Drawing Room is temporarily housed near Peabody Hall in one of
the Barracks taken from the Training Camp site and rebuilt and fitted for
drawing. The building accommodates about 180 men, each man having his
individual drawing desk.

The Power House is a single-story building 110 by 40 feet. In addition
to the University boiler plant and the electric lighting plant, this contains
the foundry and the forge-room. The Boiler plant consists of two horizontal
return-tubular boilers, each of 140 horse-power. The lighting plant consists

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of three electric generators directly connected to high-speed engines,
the respective capacities being 25, 50, and 75 kilowatts. The whole plant is
available for purposes of instruction, study and experiment.

In addition to the University plants there are available by courtesy of
the owners for purposes of inspection, study and tests such plants as the
turbine station and railway and power substation of the Virginia-Western
Power Company, the water turbines and oil engine plant of the Charlottesville
Woolen Mills, and plants of the local ice companies and cold storage.

The Geological Museum is 120 by 50 feet. It is a three story building.
The main floor is devoted to the very extensive geological collection of
specimens, charts, relief maps, and so on. The gallery above contains an
equally good collection of minerals and numerous models of typical crystallographic
forms. The upper floor contains the lecture-rooms and the laboratories
of Economic Geology. In the basement are stored subsidiary collections
and new material accumulated in more recent geological surveys.

The Physical Laboratory faces the Mechanical Laboratory on the opposite
side of the quadrangle, and has almost the same proportions. The
main floor contains the lecture-room, the professors' offices, the laboratory
of experimental physics, and the storeroom for the very large collection
of apparatus used in the lectures. On the ground floor is the laboratory of
theoretical electricity, the storage battery room, a well-equipped shop for
the repair and manufacture of apparatus, and smaller rooms for the work
of graduate students.

The new Chemical Laboratory was opened for use in September, 1917.
In this fire-proof structure all the work in Chemistry is assembled. The
floor area provided is about 30,000 square feet. The lecture-rooms seat
classes of 300, 75 and 25 students. The laboratories assigned to General
Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Qualitative Analysis, Quantitative Analysis,
and Physical Chemistry contain 110, 60, 40, 30, and 20 desks. Altogether
by dividing classes into sections, 600 students may be accommodated.
Smaller private laboratories are provided for research workers. Large
stock rooms communicating by elevators with the several floors contain ample
stores of chemical supplies. The 5,000 volumes of books and bound sets
of journals constituting the Departmental Library of Chemistry are so
housed as to be accessible to both teachers and students.

[1]

Died November 10, 1924.

[2]

Absent on leave 1924-25.