University of Virginia Library

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

The candidate who has satisfied the requirements for entrance as above
defined is matriculated as a student of Engineering and admitted to the
Freshman Class. The studies of this class comprise lecture-courses in
Mathematics, Chemistry and Engineering, with associated laboratory
courses in Chemistry, Drawing, Shop-work and Field-work.

For advancement to the Sophomore Class the student must have completed
at least two-thirds of his Freshman work. Upon entering this class
he elects his specialty. The courses thereafter diverge according as the
student is an applicant for a degree in Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Chemical,
or Mining Engineering. Programs of study for each degree are given
below.

The courses are so ordered that the specified entrance requirements are
adequate for the work of the Freshman Year. Each succeeding year presupposes
the completion of the work for all the foregoing years. Students
are advised to adhere strictly to the regular programs. The arrangements
specified in them have been carefully planned and are the best. Departures
from the curriculum will in almost every case produce conflicts in lecture
hours or laboratory periods and may cost the student a year's time. Haphazard
election is discouraged and in extreme cases will be prohibited. No
student will be registered for a course unless, in the opinion both of the Dean
and of the professor, his preliminary training has fitted him for the profitable
pursuit of that course.

Students are especially advised against the attempt to crowd too many
studies into their scheme of work, and are warned that admission to advanced
courses will be granted only to those who have adequate mathematical
and scientific training to profit by them. Men overloaded with
work, too great in volume or in difficulty for their powers, suffer inevitable
discouragement and incur almost certain failure.

Changes of classes with transfer of fees may be made, subject to the approval
of the Dean, within two weeks after the beginning of any term.
Thereafter such changes may be made only by special order of the Faculty,
and then without transfer of fees.

Every candidate for a degree in Engineering will be required at the beginning
of his graduating year to submit to the Dean some subject for independent
study suited to the student's especial course and aims. After such
subject has been approved by the Dean and the professor in charge, the
student will be expected to carry out for himself the necessary literary and
laboratory researches and to present his results in the form of a Graduating
Thesis. Such thesis must be typewritten on standard sheets, 8 by 10½
inches, bound in a durable stiff cover, and handed in for final approval not
later than May 25th. All necessary computations and drawings must accompany
the thesis. Serious weight will be given to this work in estimating
the student's fitness for graduation.

In the following matter describing subjects of instruction, in the various
programs of courses, and in lecture, laboratory and examination schedules,

these subjects of instruction are grouped into nine classes, each subject being
designated by a distinctive number for each term, the lecture and laboratory
courses being likewise differentiated.

The grouping by classes follows the arrangement shown herewith:

                 

Mathematics	100 to 199
Physics	200 to 299
Chemistry	300 to 399
Geology and Mining	400 to 499
Mechanics	500 to 599
Drawing and Shop-work	600 to 699
Civil Engineering	700 to 799
Mechanical Engineering	800 to 899
Electrical Engineering	900 to 999

Lecture-courses are listed in the first fifty numbers of all classes;
laboratory or practice courses are listed in the second fifty numbers of all
classes.

MATHEMATICS.

Freshman Mathematics. [Page.]

9-10, M. W. F.

100. Trigonometry.

A complete course in Plane and Spherical Trigonometry is pursued
with constant drill in the solution of problems, and exercises in the use of
logarithms. (Fall.)

101. College Algebra.

The work begins with the Progressions and proceeds with the study
of the Binomial Formula, of the Convergence and Divergence of Series, and
of the Binomial, Exponential and Logarithmic Series. The study of Inequalities
and Determinants prepares for the Theory of Equations with
which the course is closed. (Winter.)

102. Analytical Geometry.

In this elementary course the study of Cartesian and Polar Coördinates
is followed by numerous exercises on the graphical representation of equations.
Special attention is given to the straight line and the representation
of the general equation of the first degree in two variables. The course
is intended to prepare for the fuller study of the Analytical Geometry of
the Conic Sections. (Spring.)

Sophomore Mathematics. [Echols.]

12-1, M. W. F.

103. Conic Sections.

This course in Analytical Geometry takes the subject up at the point
left off in Course 102 and completes the study of the conic in its particular

and general forms; a brief examination of curves referred to polar coördinates
is then followed by the special study of a number of classical curves.
The Differential Calculus is begun and the remainder of the term spent on
exercises in differentiation of functions. (Fall.)

104. Differential Calculus.

The Differential Calculus is continued and applied to ample exercises in
the Expansion of Functions, Evaluation of Indeterminate Forms and problems
of Maximum and Minimum for functions of one variable. The method
is then applied to the Geometry of Curves, Tangencies, Curvature, Envelopes
and Curve Tracing. (Winter.)

105. Integral Calculus.

The Integral Calculus is taken up; the integral is defined, and exercises
in elementary integration prepare for the application to numerous
problems in Lengths, Areas and Volumes. When time permits a brief introduction
to ordinary differential equations will be given. (Spring.)

PHYSICS.

200-201-202. General Physics. [Hoxton.]

11-12, T. Th. S.

The elements of Mechanics, Sound, Heat, Electricity and Magnetism
and Light. Instruction is given by lectures, text-books, recitations, and
problems, with experimental demonstrations. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

203-204. Electricity and Magnetism. [Hoxton.]

3 hours a week.

The elements of the classical mathematical theory and an introduction
to modern ideas of electricity are given. (Fall and Winter.)

250-251-252. General Physics Laboratory. [Sparrow and Assistants.]

9-11, M. W. F.

This course accompanies 200-1-2. Emphasis is laid upon those fundamental
principles and phenomena which underlie engineering problems.
Written reports of laboratory work are required. Problem work and oral
recitation on Friday. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

253-254. Electricity and Magnetism Laboratory [Hoxton.]

3-5, T. Th.

This course accompanies 203-4. Emphasis is laid upon methods of
standardizing and experimental studies in the behavior and underlying
principles of measuring instruments and other electric apparatus. (Fall and
Winter.)

CHEMISTRY.

300-301-302. General Chemistry. [Bird.]

10-11, T. Th. S.

The fundamental principles and phenomena of inorganic, organic and
physical chemistry are discussed, and the foundations of analytical chemistry
are dealt with at appropriate places. Most of the time is devoted to
inorganic phenomena. No previous study of chemistry is demanded. (Fall,
Winter, Spring.)

303-304-305. Physical Chemistry. [Edgar.]

11-12, M. W. F.

Some knowledge of the calculus is required, and previous work in
Physics is desirable. This course will include work upon such topics as the
gas laws, kinetic theory of gases, the properties of dilute solutions, osmotic
pressure, the determination of molecular weights, mass action, reaction
velocity and equilibrium, electrolysis and electrolytic dissociation, the phase
rule, etc. General Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry prerequisite. (Fall,
Winter, Spring.)

306-307-308. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. [Bird.]

12-1, Th. F. S.

The lectures deal with the fundamental theories and laws of chemical
action. Parallel reading in the history of Chemistry is required. See 31213-14
below. General Physical and Advanced Analytical Chemistry prerequisite.
(Fall, Winter, Spring.)

309-310-311. Organic Chemistry. [Edgar.]

9-10, M. W. F.

This course is intended to serve as an introduction to the general subject
of Organic Chemistry, including chemical synthesis and the theories
of molecular structure, as applied to the compounds of Carbon. This
course is optional, but it is recommended for those who may have sufficient
advanced standing to enable them to give the time to it. General Chemistry
prerequisite. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

312-313-314. Advanced Organic Chemistry. [Pratt.]

3 hours a week.

During the first term some time will be devoted to a review of the historical
development of the subject, with special attention to fundamental
theories. Parallel reading will be assigned. The remainder of the year will
be devoted to an intimate study of one or more of the special phases of
Organic Chemistry, such as Dyes and Indicators, Carbohydrates, Terpenes,
Polymethylenes, Coal Tar Products, etc. Reading from the scientific journals
and reference books will be assigned.

The laboratory work will consist of the more difficult organic preparations,
partially adapted to the topics under discussion in the lectures, special
attention being given to a quantitative study of the reactions. (Fall, Winter,
Spring.)

330-331-332. Analytical Chemistry. [Dunnington.]

10-11, T. Th. S.

The course consists of three lectures a week, throughout the session,
followed by practical experiments in the laboratory. Weekly written exercises
are required. The work is divided among the three terms as follows:
First Term; A course in Chemical manipulation, Blowpipe Analysis, Recognition
of ores, Fire Assaying of ores of Lead, Gold and Silver. Second
Term; A systematic course in Inorganic Qualitative Analysis. Third Term;
Practice in the analysis of salts, alloys and ores, and the examination of
potable water, coal, limestone, clay and so on, including some simpler quantitative
determinations. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

333-334-335. Advanced Analytical Chemistry. [Dunnington.]

10-11, M. W. F.

The work of this course is also given in three lessons a week throughout
the session. This course is primarily one in Quantitative Analysis.
After some training in manipulation and gravimetric estimations, the class
pursues volumetric estimations and a full course in Quantitative Analysis
of minerals, ores, coal, soil, iron and steel, technical products, and so on.
Weekly written exercises are required. As the student advances in the
course he is encouraged to undertake original research and assist in its
prosecution; and in determining his fitness for graduation, work of this
kind is considered as having much weight. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

336-337-338. Industrial Chemistry. [Dunnington.]

3-4:30, M. W. F.

This course is concerned with the applications of chemistry to the purposes
of human life. The Fall Term is devoted to the metallurgy and uses
of iron, steel, copper and all the other important metals, with the manufacture
of pottery, brick, lime, cement and explosives.

The Winter Term deals with the manufacture of acids, alkalies, salts,
fertilizers and glass, and the preparation of foods and waters.

The Spring Term considers the preparation of starch products and
flavorings, and the chemistry of dyeing, tanning, rubber, paints, lubricants,
disinfectants, lighting, heating, and refrigeration.

Weekly exercises in chemical computations are regularly required, and
a weekly written examination is held at 12-1 on Tuesday.

The collections of the University in illustration of the processes and
products of Industrial Chemistry have been procured at much expense and
pains in this country, England, France and Germany, and are extensive
and good; among the best on this side of the Atlantic.

Laboratory Courses.

350-351-352. General Chemistry. [Bird and Instructors.]

12-2, T. Th. S.

353-354-355. Physical Chemistry. [Edgar and Instructor.]

6 hours a week.

356-357-358. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. [Bird.]

12 hours a week.

359-360-361. Organic Chemistry. [Edgar and Instructor.]

2-4, M. W. F.

362-363-364. Advanced Organic Chemistry. [Edgar.]

12 hours a week.

380-381-382. Analytical Chemistry. [Dunnington and Instructor.]

9 hours a week.

383-384-385. Advanced Analytical Chemistry. [Dunnington and Instructor.]

12 hours a week.

The Chemical Journal Club meets every other Thursday from 11 a. m.
to 12 m. in Professor Bird's lecture-room, for the critical review and discussion
of various topics of interest in current chemical literature, and of such
chemical researches as may be in progress in the university.

GEOLOGY AND MINING.

400-401-402. Engineering Geology. [Watson.]

1-2, M. T. W.

A course of three lectures a week and three hours for private study.
Special emphasis is given to the study of common rock-forming minerals
and rocks, building stones and ores. The divisions of Dynamical, Structural
and Physiographical Geology are covered in considerable detail,
and the practical applications of the topics treated to engineering work are
pointed out. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

403-404-405. Economic Geology. [Watson.]

12-1, M. T. W.

This course is designed to give a general but comprehensive account
of the origin, nature, distribution and uses of the metallic and non-metallic
products of the earth with especial reference to those of the United States.
Lectures and collateral reading six hours a week. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

406-407.—Petrography. [Cline.]

This course aims to give a full knowledge of the determination of the
common rock-forming minerals and rocks in thin sections under the microscope.
It includes discussion of the microscopic structure, mineralogical
composition, genetic relations, and distribution of igneous, sedimentary,
and metamorphic rocks. Lectures, and preparation to the amount of nine
hours per week. (Winter, Spring.)

420-421-422. Mining. [Thornton.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Exploitation of mines, mining machinery and the uses of electricity
in mining. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)

Laboratory Courses.

450-451-452. Engineering Geology. [Cline.]

6 hours a week.

453-454-455. Economic Geology. [Watson.]

6 hours a week.

456-457. Petrography. [Watson and Cline.]

9 hours a week.

MECHANICS.

Freshman and Sophomore Mathematics and General Physics are prerequisite.
Free use is made of analytical geometry and the calculus;
unprepared students will not be registered for these courses.

Theoretical Mechanics. [Thornton.]

10-11, M. W. F.

500. Statics and Elementary Dynamics.

Fundamental dynamical principles and the Newtonian laws of motion.
Statics of the material particle, of the plane lamina, and of solid bodies
in three dimensions; equilibrium of rigid bodies and of flexible cables;
friction; centers of gravity; work and energy. Uniform motion; uniformly
varied motion; projectile motion; simple harmonic motion; pendulum motion.
Elementary dynamics of Rotation. (Fall.)

501. Dynamics of a Particle.

More advanced treatment of the dynamics of a particle. Rectilinear
motion; harmonic motion; meteoric motion; pendulum motion; planetary
motion; motion in a resisting medium; oscillatory motion. (Winter.)

502. Dynamics of a Rigid Body.

General equations for the motion of a rigid body; moments of inertia;
motions of rigid bodies about fixed axes, parallel to fixed planes, and
around fixed points; the compound pendulum; the top; balancing of engines.
(Spring.)

Junior Applied Mechanics. [Thornton.]

9-10, M. T. W.

503. Strength of Materials.

Fundamental laws of stress and strain; experimental methods for the
determination of the strength and elasticity of elastic solids; ties and
struts; beams of constant and varied sections; beam deflections by both
direct and accelerated methods; columns under both axial and eccentric
loads; struts and ties under lateral loads; reinforced concrete slabs and
beams. (Fall.)

504. Hydrostatics and Hydraulics.

Fundamental laws of the equilibrium of fluids; strength and stability
of tanks, boiler shells, thick pipes, reservoir walls, lock walls, and dams.
Elementary principles of the motion of fluids; efflux from orifices; discharge
over weirs; flow in pipes and canals; gauging the flow of water in natural
and artificial channels. (Winter.)

505. Hydraulic Motors and Pumps.

Principles of linear and angular momentum and their applications;
water wheels; radial, axial, and mixed flow reaction turbines; impulse
turbines; centrifugal and turbine pumps, both single-stage and multi-stage;
reciprocating pumps; pumping mains; hydraulic transmission of power;
water hammer and inertia strains in hydraulic transmission lines. (Spring.)

Senior Applied Mechanics. [Thornton.]

10-11, T. Th. S.

506. Stability of Structures.

Framed structures under dead and live loads; cantilever bridges; draw
bridges; truss deflections; statically indeterminate structures; mill buildings;
cables and suspension bridges; elastic arches; masonry arches; earth pressure
and retaining walls; foundations. (Winter.)

507. Canal and River Engineering.

General laws of river flow; standard methods for gauging river flow;
problems of regulation and flood control; canalization of rivers; navigable
and irrigation canals; reservoirs and dams; locks and lock gates; weirs
and navigation passes; movable dams; hydraulic power plants; hydraulic
transmissions of power. (Spring.)

Applied Mechanics Laboratory. [Lapham.]

9-2, S.

553. Strength of Materials.

Standard tests for cement and mortar; tensile tests of wire; determination
of the modulus of elasticity for various materials; tests of the physical
properties of steel in tension, compression, torsion; transverse tests of
timber. (Fall.)

554. Lubricants.

Tests to determine viscosity, density, flash and burning points, chill
point, and coefficient of friction for various typical lubricants. (Spring.)

555. Hydraulics.

Calibration of standard orifices and weir notches; determination of the
coefficient of friction in commercial pipe and elbows; complete test of a
steam pump. (Winter.)

(Written reports following accepted engineering forms constitute an
important part of these courses.)

DRAWING.

Systematic instruction in Engineering Drawing is given through the
Freshman and Sophomore years. The student is carefully trained in the
technique of good draftsmanship. Especial attention is paid to free-hand

lettering. The importance of neatness, accuracy, clearness and completeness
is constantly impressed upon the student's mind. Frequent exercises
in tracing and blue printing are required. As the student advances in the
course he is taught more and more to use the graphical method not merely
as a means of representation, but as an instrument of research both in
Geometry and in Mechanics. To the Junior and Senior students are
assigned by their respective professors such further drawings as are needed
for the full development of the courses of instruction.

Freshman Drawing: Lecture Courses.

11-12, T. Th. S.

600. Practical Geometry. [Thornton.]

This course presupposes good high-school training in plane and solid
geometry and in the rudiments of plane trigonometry. It embraces a
review and extension of the fundamental problems of plane geometry with
applications to the mensuration of rectilinear and curvilinear figures; an
elementary study of the conic sections and of the methods of constructing
these curves; the orthographic projection of polyhedra and of the three
round bodies in erect and oblique positions; sections of curved surfaces by
planes and intersections; the mensuration of solids and Simpson's rule;
the graphical solution of equations; and the theory and use of the Polar
Planimeter. (Fall.)

601. Machine Construction. [Hancock.]

A study of the hand and machine tools in the wood and machine shops,
involving careful investigation of their functions, construction, and operation;
free-hand sketching of machine parts; elementary problems in the
computation of shafting, belting, rope drives, toothed gears, etc. Illustrative
and descriptive lectures are given and a large number of questions and problems
are assigned the student to guide him in the study of each machine.
(Spring.)

Freshman Drawing: Practice Courses. [Hancock and Assistant.]

Each student executes one finished plate 15″ by 20″ weekly. These
plates are drawn under the supervision of the assistant instructor and
must be neatly finished, lettered and dimensioned. Every student is required
to make tracings and blue prints of a certain number of his own
plates.

650. Mechanical Drawing.

11-2, M. W.

This course embraces careful training in technique, assiduous practice
in lettering, and the graphical solution in the weekly plates of a series of
carefully selected problems in practical plane and solid geometry, and in
graphical algebra and trigonometry. (Fall.)

651. Machine Drawing.

11-2, M. W.

Carefully constructed and finished plates consisting of detailed working
drawings of machine parts. The drawings are made, in part, from

free-hand sketches from the machine itself, and, in part from designs and
specifications worked out by the student. (Winter.)

652. Topographical Drawing.

11-2, M. W.

In this course the conventional methods of making topographical maps
are carefully taught. Each student is required to become reasonably proficient
in the preparation of such maps. Particular attention is paid to
the study of contoured plans and the solution of problems based on them.
The associated lecture and field courses are 700 and 750. (Spring.)

Sophomore Drawing: Lecture Courses.

11-12, M. W. F.

603. Graphical Statics. [Thornton.]

The necessary preparation is such knowledge of experimental mechanics
as is given in Physics, 200. The theory and use of graphical
methods in mechanics are carefully taught and illustrated by means of
problems in the composition and resolution of forces and moments.
Applications follow to the determination by graphical methods of centers
of gravity, and moments of inertia, to the construction of strain sheets
for the simpler forms of roof and bridge trusses, to the study of the stability
of dams and walls, and to the calculation of internal stress in
girders, and beam deflections. (Fall.)

605. Structural Design. [Thornton.]

The methods developed in the course on Graphical Statics are applied
to the analysis and design of simple beam bridges; of reinforced concrete
slabs and beams; of plate girders; of retaining walls for earth; and of
simple types of framed structures. Special attention is given to the
structures important in Highway Engineering. (Winter.)

604. Descriptive Geometry. [Thornton.]

The fundamental problems on the point, line, and plane are carefully
studied, with applications to the construction of shadows on polyhedra and
to the graphical statics of force-systems in three dimensions. The projections,
tangencies, sections, and intersections of curved surfaces are then
taken up, with applications to the determination of shades and shadows on
such surfaces. The course concludes with an elementary theory of linear
perspective. (Spring.)

Sophomore Drawing: Practice Courses. [Thornton and Assistant.]

The work of the course is the execution each week of a plate 15″ by
20″, under the direction of a competent instructor. The problems assigned
are such as serve to illustrate the topics discussed in the associated
lecture-courses and develop power in the use of graphical methods. Each
student is required also to trace a certain number of his plates, to make

blue prints from his tracings, and to use the planimeter for the mensuration
of areas and volumes bounded by curved lines and surfaces. 12-2, T. Th. S.

653. Graphical Statics.

Fall.

655. Structural Drawing.

Winter.

654. Descriptive Geometry.

Spring.

SHOP-WORK.

Shop Instruction is given for its educational value. The purpose of
this Department is to train engineers, not artisans; and the claims of
the shops are not permitted to infringe on the truly vital functions of the
laboratories, the drafting rooms, and the lectures. [Hancock and Assistants.]

660. Freshman Wood Shop.

3 hours a week.

Bench exercises in sawing, planing, boring, chiseling, tool sharpening.

Lathe exercises in turning between centers and on a face plate.

Machine tool exercises in the production of useful articles. (Fall.)

661. Freshman Machine Shop.

3 hours a week.

Bench exercises in chipping and filing.

Engine lathe exercises in turning, boring, and thread cutting.

Machine tool exercises in drilling, planing, shaping, and milling. (Winter.)

Courses 660, 661 are required of all students in engineering.

662. Junior Machine Shop.

6 hours a week.

Bench and machine-tool work in the construction of articles of commercial
value. An extension of 661. (Fall.)

663. Pattern Making; Foundry; Forge Shop.

6 hours a week.

Simple solid and split patterns and core boxes; core making, moulding,
and casting; exercises in forging iron and steel; forging and tempering
center punches, cold chisels, lathe and planer tools. (Spring.)

Courses 662, 663 are required of students of Mechanical and Electrical
Engineering.

664. Senior Machine Shop.

12 hours a week.

A continuation of the Junior course (662). More intricate and complicated
pieces are constructed and a broader understanding and improved
technique are developed. (Winter.)

Course 664 is required of students of Mechanical Engineering only.

CIVIL ENGINEERING.

700. Plane Surveying. [Newcomb.]

11-12, T. Th. S.

Lectures on the theory, uses, and adjustments of the Compass, Level,
Transit, and Stadia; the Computations of Surveying; the methods and
proper conduct of Land, Mine, City, Topographic, and Hydrographic Surveys.
Practical class exercises illustrating the subject matter of the lectures
are assigned to the students throughout the entire course. (Winter.)

701. Curves and Earthwork. [Newcomb.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Lectures on Simple, Compound, Transition and Vertical Curves; the
form of Excavations and Embankments, Earthwork Surveys, Computation
of Volumes, Formation of Embankments, Computation of Haul, Cost of
Earthwork, Blasting. Practical exercises in Map Drawing and Topography.
(Fall.)

702. Railroad Engineering. [Newcomb.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Lectures on Reconnoissance and Preliminary Surveys, Office Location,
Field Location; the construction, maintenance and operation of Railroads.
Special attention is given to questions of Economics which arise in the
location, construction and operation of Railroads. (Spring.)

703. Roads; Streets; Street Railways. [Newcomb.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the Principles of Road Location; the Construction and
Maintenance of Earth Roads, Broken Stone Roads, Gravel Roads; the
pavements for City Streets and Sidewalks; the Location and Construction
of Street Railways. (Winter.)

704. Masonry Construction. [Newcomb.]

1-2, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the Materials of Construction; Foundations; the design
and construction of Dams, Retaining Walls, Bridge Piers and Abutments,
Culverts, Arches; The Theory of Reinforced Concrete; the design and construction
of the simpler Reinforced Concrete Structures. Practical exercises
in the design of Masonry Structures and Structural Drawing. (Fall.)

705. Short Span Bridges. [Newcomb.]

1-2, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the design and construction of standard types of Steel and
Timber Bridges. (Winter.)

706. Long Span Bridges. [Newcomb.]

1-2, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the design and construction of the more intricate Single
Span Trusses, Cantilever Bridges, Steel Arches, Continuous Girders, and
Swing Bridges. (Spring.)

707. Waterworks and Sewers. [Newcomb.]

12-1, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the quality, sources, collection, conveyance, purification,
and distribution of City Water Supplies; the laws of flow in pipe lines
and aqueducts; the drainage of houses and streets; the collection and
conveyance of sewage; the disposal of sewage; the construction and maintenance
of works. Practical exercises in the design of pipe lines and
sewers. (Fall.)

708. Reinforced Concrete. [Newcomb.]

12-1, Th. F. S.

This course supplements course 704, Masonry Construction, and extends
throughout the Winter Term of the Senior Year. Lectures on the
Theory of Reinforced Concrete, the Design and Construction of selected
types of Reinforced Concrete structures. Practical exercises in the design
of Reinforced Concrete structures, and Structural Drawing. (Winter.)

750. Field Surveying. [Newcomb and Assistants.]

9 hours a week.

This course supplements 700. The student is required to spend three
afternoons a week throughout the Spring Term in Field Surveying and
Plotting. He is taught the use of the Chain, Tape, Compass, Level, Transit,
Stadia, and Plane Table. The work in the drawing-room (course 652)
consists in making Computations, Scale Drawings, Profiles, and Contour
Maps from notes taken in the field. (Spring.)

751. Railroad Surveying. [Newcomb and Assistants.]

9 hours a week.

This course supplements 701, Curves and Earthwork, and extends
three afternoons a week throughout the Fall Term of the Junior Year.
The class is divided into squads, each squad making complete Surveys,
Maps, Profiles, and Estimates for a mile of located line. (Fall.)

753. Road Material Testing. [Newcomb, Edgar, and Assistants.]

Laboratory tests are made of both non-bituminous and bituminous
road materials. Broken stone, gravel, and slag are tested for specific
gravity, absorption, cementing power, toughness, and resistance to abrasion.
Bricks and paving blocks are submitted to the standard rattler
tests and absorption tests. Crude petroleums, bituminous emulsions, road
oils, asphalts, tars, and bituminous aggregates are investigated with relation
to the properties important for highway construction. (Winter.)

755. Bridge Drafting. [Newcomb.]

12 hours a week.

This course accompanies 705, Short Span Bridges. Each student is
required to make complete design and detail drawings of one plate girder,
and one selected type of short span bridge truss. (Winter.)

756. Bridge Drafting. [Newcomb.]

12 hours a week.

This course accompanies 706, Long Span Bridges. Each student is
required to prepare stress sheets and drawings for selected types of long
span bridges. (Spring.)

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.

800. Elementary Steam Engineering. [Hancock.]

1-2, Th. F. S.

A study of the commercial fuels, the determination of heating values
and methods of burning the same for the production of power; of the
properties of steam and methods of and instruments for measuring pressure,
temperature, and humidity; of the function, construction, and operation
of steam boilers, superheaters, economizers, feed water heaters, and
condensers; an introduction to the study of the steam engine, steam turbine,
feed pump, and injector. Problems are assigned each week illustrating
the principles treated in these studies. (Fall.)

801. Steam Power Plants. [Hancock.]

1-2, Th. F. S.

The selection and arrangement of steam apparatus for the production
of power and the design of piping systems; the cost of power and the
economics of power plant design and operation. Problems and designs for
private solution. (Winter.)

802. Machine Design. [Hancock.]

1-2, Th. F. S.

Straining actions in machine elements; friction, lubrication, and efficiency;
riveted fastenings, screws and screw fastenings; keys, cotters, and
forced fits; axles, shafting and couplings, journals and bearings; belt and
rope transmissions; toothed gearing, spur, and bevel wheels. Problems
for private solution involving analysis and design of machine elements
are assigned each week. (Spring.)

803. Internal Combustion Engines. [Hancock.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

A study of the thermal problems of internal combustion engines, gas
producers, air compressors and motors, hot air engines, etc.,—all the
familiar heat motors using gases as the vehicle for the transfer of heat.
Weekly exercises and problems. (Fall.)

804. Steam Engines and Turbines. [Hancock.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

A study of the thermal problems of steam engines and turbines, refrigeration,
etc.,—the familiar apparatus in which vapors serve as the vehicle
for the transfer of heat. Weekly problems and exercises. (Winter.)

805. Engine Design. [Hancock.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

A study of the mechanical problems involved in the design of engines,
motors, etc., which have been studied in the two previous courses. Inertia
effects, stresses in and strength of parts, balancing, governing, etc. Weekly
exercises and problems. (Spring.)

896. Kinematics of Machines. [Hancock.]

11-12, Th. F. S.

A study in familiar machines of the applications of plane, spheric,
and screw motions. The course is largely devoted to valves and valve
gears, straight line motions, cams, toothed wheels, and screw gears.
Graphic methods for the solution of problems are employed and the work
is almost wholly on the drawing board, where finished plates are produced.
(Fall.)

807. Locomotive Engineering. [Hancock.]

11-12, Th. F. S.

A study of the locomotive as an important type of steam power plant;
one in which there are problems of acute interest, many unsolved, and
which are receiving a large share of attention from engineers. The course
is meant to study the locomotive as it is now and to outline in a measure,
some of its deficiencies and its possibilities. The problems of inertia
effects, balancing, tractive force, track and train resistances, hauling capacity,
etc., are treated in lectures; a clear physical conception is gained by
careful examination and study of the machine itself, and for a knowledge
of its history and present development general reading and reports are
required. (Winter.)

850. Steam Laboratory. [Lapham.]

3-6, T. Th.

Calibration and adjustment of gages; calibration of thermometers and
indicator springs; study and calibration of planimeters; steam quality tests
with various calorimeters; slide valve setting; efficiency test of a steam turbine;
mechanical and thermal efficency tests of steam and gasoline engines;
boiler and plant test. Written reports are required for each test. These
include a description, carbon copies of original data sheets, sketches, curves,
and a comparison of results obtained with those of similar tests in the reference
library. The preparation of clear and accurate engineering reports is
considered an essential part of this course. (Fall.)

860.—Inspection. [Hancock.]

In this course a systematic effort is made to utilize all the industrial
equipment within easy reach for the purpose of illustration and study.
Inspection tours are also arranged from time to time, and serious study
and investigation are made. This work constitutes an interesting and
valuable part of the instruction in mechanical engineering.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.

900. Elements of Electrical Engineering. [Roman.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Lectures treating fundamental principles of Electrical Engineering.
Free use of the calculus is made in this course. Basic ideas and fundamental
units are discussed; magnetic circuits and continuous electric currents
treated in detail; electromagnetism carefully studied. Special attention

is given to the physical conceptions involved and numerous assigned
problems exemplify and broaden the theoretical conceptions. The whole
course is introductory to the detailed study of electrical apparatus and
machines. (Fall.)

901. Direct Current Machines. [Rodman.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the theory, construction, characteristics, and operation
of Direct Current Generators and Motors and the accessory apparatus
required for the proper management and control of these machines. The
principles of testing such machines are carefully discussed. A brief treatment
of the theory, construction, and operation of Storage Batteries and
auxiliary devices concludes the term. Problems illustrating the methods
of calculation involved in continuous current circuits and practical examples
from standard engineering practice form an important part of the
work. (Winter.)

902. Periodic Currents. [Rodman.]

9-10, Th. F. S.

Lectures on electrostatic phenomena, variable currents, alternating
currents, and alternating current circuits both single and polyphase. A
careful study is made of circuits with periodic currents and their characteristics
when resistance, inductive reactance and capacity reactance are
present in their various combinations. Extensive problem work is required
to facilitate the treatment of simple and complex circuits. Free use is
made of vector and symbolic notations and of graphical solutions; while
standard nomenclature is carefully discussed. Special efforts are made
to keep the physical conceptions prominent while the value of mathematics
as a tool is emphasized. (Spring.)

903. Alternating Current Machinery. [Rodman.]

11-12, Th. F. S.

Lectures on the theory, construction, characteristics, and operation of
Alternating Current Generators, Synchronous Motors, Rotary Converters,
and Transformers. These machines are considered as units and as integral
parts of electrical systems. Graphical diagrams are made use of as offering
the most readily comprehensible treatment of the complex relations
existing in alternating current machinery. The principles of testing such
apparatus under various conditions of loading are discussed and assigned
problem work illustrates the theory and practice. (Fall.)

904. Alternating Current Machinery. [Rodman.]

11-12, Th. F. S.

This course is a continuation of 903. The lectures treat more particularly
Alternating Current Motors, induction, series and repulsion types,
with their characteristics and control apparatus. Methods of testing are
outlined and graphical methods of calculation and predetermination of
operating characteristics are discussed. Problems taken from engineering
practice serve to broaden and fix the theoretical deductions. (Winter.)

905. Electric Power Transmission. [Rodman.]

11-12, Th. F. S.

Lectures on systems of transmission and distribution, with a detailed
consideration of the electrical characteristics of transmission lines; the
electrical equipment of stations and sub-stations, including generating
apparatus, switchboards, control systems and protective devices; systems
of transformation and the economic considerations which influence the
design of the complete electrical system. (Spring.)

906. Illumination and Photometry. [Rodman.]

12-1, Th. F. S.

Lectures on light, its physical properties; illuminants and their characteristics;
shades and reflectors; photometry, standards and apparatus;
illumination calculations for point and surface sources; principles of interior,
exterior, decorative, and scenic illumination. Problem work illustrating
computations necessary for the consideration of the Illuminating
Engineer are assigned. (Fall.)

907. Electric Traction. [Rodman.]

Lectures on the various types of electric motors for traction purposes,
controllers and systems of control, brakes, rolling stock, track, train performance,
and electric railway economics. A discussion of the complete
electrification system for electric railways, including generating apparatus,
transmission, sub-stations and equipment, distribution, and utilization
of electrical energy for car propulsion. Problem work dealing with
the fundamental considerations necessary for the solution of traction problems
is required. After February first, three extra periods a week are
devoted to this course. (Winter.)

908. Electrical Systems. [Rodman.]

10-11, Th. F. S.

Lectures dealing with the fundamentals of electrical circuits and machines;
utilization of electricity as a motive power in industrial activities.
Followed by a more detailed discussion of the types of power stations and
structures utilized in electrical systems; railway construction and line
structures treated with relation to their layout and design; mechanical
characteristics of complete electrical systems. This course gives a general
survey of the electrical field more particularly for the students of Civil
Engineering. (Fall.)

950. Direct Current Laboratory. [Rodman and Instructor.]

3-5, T. Th.

This course supplements 900-1. The laboratory work is devoted to a
study of electrical instruments, their use and manipulation; simple electrical
circuits and study of direct current apparatus and its operation;
characteristics of generators and motors. (Winter.)

951. Direct Current Laboratory. [Rodman and In:tructor.]

3-5, M. W.

This course supplements 950. It is concerned with some of the more
detailed and special tests of direct current apparatus and serves to broaden
the field presented in 950. (Winter.)

952. Direct Current Laboratory. [Rodman and Instructor.]

3-5, T. Th.

A continuation of 950-1. The work is devoted to those direct current
tests in which machines are grouped and with such tests as opposition
tests for efficiency, parallel running of generators and the complete electrical
power plant. (Spring.)

953. Alternating Current Laboratory. [Rodman.]

10-2, M.

This course supplements 902-3. The first part of the course deals
with measuring instruments for alternating current circuits; series and
parallel circuits and their characteristics; polyphase circuits, balanced
and unbalanced. Study of alternating current generator characteristics is
begun. (Fall.)

954. Alternating Current Laboratory. [Rodman.]

10-2, M.

A continuation of 953. Generator and synchronous motor characteristics
and operation are continued and the regulation transformer tests
carried out. (Winter.)

955. Alternating Current Laboratory. [Rodman.]

10-2, M.

A continuation of 953-4. Alternating current machinery in group
relations; parallel running of alternators and the complex tests on alternating
current machinery are studied. (Spring.)

956. Photometrical Laboratory. [Rodman.]

10-1, W.

This course accompanies 906. Photometric tests are made upon different
types of incandescent lamps. The operating characteristics of incandescent
and arc lamps are studied. Tests of illumination, interior and
exterior, are carried out. Study of photometric standards and devices.
(Fall.)

957. Alternating Current Laboratory. [Rodman.]

10-1, W.

A course supplementing 954. Alternating current motors are tested
and their characteristics determined. Experimental results are compared
with those graphically obtained by means of the circle diagram; and the
general behavior of various types of alternating current motors, single and
polyphase, are studied. (Winter.)

The University of Virginia branch of the American Institute of Electrical
Engineers holds regular meetings for the discussion of periodical
literature and the exposition by resident and visiting engineers of present-day
problems in Electrical Engineering.