University of Virginia Library

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE

Edwin Anderson Alderman, Ph.B., D.C.L., LL.D.

President

Richard Henry Whitehead, A.M., M.D., LL.D.

Dean

                                                                                                                                           

John Staige Davis, M.A., M.D.	Rugby Road
Professor of Practice of Medicine
William Alexander Lambeth, M.D., Ph.D.	Carr's Hill
Professor of Hygiene
Rihard Henry Whitehead, A.M., M.D., LL.D.	McCormick Road
Professor of Anatomy
William Douglas Macon, A.B., M.D.	East Market Street
Professor of Obstetrics
Theodore Hough, A.B., Ph.D.	McCormick Road
Professor of Physiology
Stephen Hurt Watts, M.A., M.D.	University Place
Professor of Surgery and Gynecology
Halstead Shipman Hedges, B.S., M.A., M.D.	Park Street
Professor of Diseases of the Eye
Harry Taylor Marshall, A.B., M.D.	Preston Heights
Walter Reed Professor of Pathology
Robert French Compton, M.D.	Fry's Spring
Professor of Diseases of the Ear, Nose, and Throat
James Carroll Flippin, M.D.	University Place
Professor of Clinical Medicine
Harvey Ernest Jordan, M.A., Ph.D.	University Place
Professor of Histology and Embryology
Graham Edgar, B.S., Ph.D.	Monroe Hill
Associate Professor of Chemistry
William Hall Goodwin, B.A., M.D.	Monroe Hill
Associate Professor of Surgery and Gynecology
James Alexander Waddell, B.A., M.D.	West Range
Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Materia Medica, and Toxicology
William Edward Bray, B. A., M.D.	West Main Street
Adjunct Professor of Medicine and University Physician
John Henry Neff, B.A., M.D.	Hospital
Instructor in Surgery and Resident Surgeon
Thaddeus Benjamin Reeves, B.S., M.D.	Sigma Nu House
Instructor in Anatomy
Percy Elisha Duggins, M.D.	Hospital
Instructor in Medicine and Assistant Resident Physician
Hunter Samuel Woodberry, B.A., M.D.	Hospital
Instructor in Surgery and Assistant Resident Surgeon
Lyde Stuart Pratt, A.B., Ph.D.	Monroe Hill
Instructor in Organic Chemistry
Edward May Magruder, M.D.	West Jefferson Street
Clinical Instructor in Medicine
Hugh Thomas Nelson, M.D.	High Street
Clinical Instructor in Medicine
Monte Lewis Rea, M.D.	High Street
Clinical Instructor in Pediatrics and Dermatology
Joseph Lee Wright, M.D.	Hospital
Assistant Resident Surgeon
William Dulaney Anderson, M.D.	Hospital
Interne in the Hospital
Marion Stevenson Fitchett, M.D.	Hospital
Interne in the Hospital
Lucius Gaston Gage, B.A., M.D.	Hospital
Interne in the Hospital
James Manney Howard, M.D.	Hospital
Interne in the Hospital
Ezra Eugene Neff, B.A.	Madison Hall
Assistant in Physiology and Pharmacology
Marion Flint Haralson, B.S., M.D.	East Range
Assistant in Pathology
Claude Moore[1]	Dawson's Row
Student Assistant in Pathology
Goodlatte Browne Gilmore[2]	West Range
Student Assistant in Pathology
Gustav Adolph Pagenstecher[3]	West Range
Student Assistant in Histology and Embryology
George Breaker Setzler,[4] B.A.	West Lawn
Student Assistant in Physiology
James Edge Faris	Gymnasium
Student Assistant in Materia Medica and Toxicology

For information as to lodgings, board, expenses, etc., and for catalogues
and other printed literature, address the Registrar.

For other information address the Dean of the Department of
Medicine.

Requirements for Admission to the Department of Medicine, Session
1916-1917.—Applicants for admission to the Department of Medicine are
required to present the diploma of a recognized institution of collegiate
rank; or a certificate of good standing in such an institution; or the diploma
of a recognized public or private high school having a four years' course,
or acceptable certificates which represent work equivalent in amount and
character to such a high-school course; and, in addition, to present evidence
of the completion of at least one year's work in Inorganic (General)
Chemistry, Physics, and Biology, at an approved institution of collegiate
rank. Candidates for admission will be required also to present satisfactory
evidence of a reading knowledge of at least one modern language besides
English, preferably German; this requirement may be satisfied either by
the presentation of certificates showing the completion of one year of
college work following upon two years of high-school work in the same
language or by an examination which will test the candidate's reading
knowledge of the language.

The completion of a year's work in Zoölogy or Botany will be accepted
as satisfying the requirements in Biology.

A student may be admitted conditioned on any one of the above subjects
except Chemistry, this condition to be removed before entering on
the work of the second year.

The requirement in Biology may be waived in the case of graduates
of approved colleges and universities.

The number of students in the first-year class is limited to thirty-six.

Further information concerning the character of these requirements
and forms for certificates may be obtained by addressing the Dean of the
Department of Medicine, or Mr. Howard Winston, Registrar, at the University.

Requirements for Admission to the Department of Medicine beginning
with the Session 1917-18.—Applicants for admission to the Department
of Medicine are required to furnish evidence of the completion of a four-year
course at a recognized public or private high school, or acceptable
certificates which represent work equivalent in amount and character to
such a high-school course, and, in addition, to present evidence of the completion
at an approved institution of collegiate rank of two years of work
of not less than fifteen session-hours each. This college course must
include a year's work in each of the following subjects: English (rhetoric,
composition, and literature), mathematics (solid geometry and trigonometry),
inorganic (general) chemistry, physics, biology, and either German
or French.

A session-hour is one hour a week throughout the session of lecture
or recitation, or two hours a week throughout the session of laboratory
work.

A student otherwise qualified may be admitted conditioned upon one
of these subjects, the condition to be removed before admission to the
second year of the medical course; but no condition may be allowed in
chemistry, English, or mathematics. The modern language (German or
French) course must be based upon two years of high-school work in that
language or its equivalent; but a candidate may absolve the requirement in
this subject by demonstrating on examination the possession of a satisfactory
reading knowledge thereof.

A year's work in either general biology, zoölogy, or botany will be
regarded as satisfying the requirement in biology. Zoölogy is considered
preferable to botany; and it is desirable that the course should include the
dissection of a mammal.

Facilities for and Methods of Instruction.—In recent years many
additions have been made to the laboratory facilities of the Department,
so that there are now well-equipped laboratories for the study of Organic
and Physiological Chemistry, Gross Anatomy, Histology and Embryology,
Bacteriology and Pathology, Physiology, Pharmacology, Materia Medica,
and Clinical Diagnosis. These laboratories are all presided over by trained
teachers, to whom teaching and investigation are primary considerations.
The number of hours assigned to the laboratory subjects is quite large
and affords ample time for thorough study of the best methods. The
student is brought into close contact with teachers who are both willing
and able to guide him; he gains a very large part of his knowledge at
first hand and by his own exertions, and thus acquires the habit of working
out things for himself; he becomes self-reliant, a quality essential to the
practice of his difficult profession. Trained in this manner he acquires
an understanding of the medical sciences and the ability to apply the

facts of these sciences to the subsequent study of disease. For these
reasons the great fundamental sciences receive the utmost consideration,
constituting the entire work of the first two years.

The methods of clinical instruction are based upon the belief that no
clinical teaching is efficient which is not governed by essentially the same
principles as those which govern the best laboratory teaching. This
instruction is accordingly designed to enforce with the individual student
a careful, thorough, face-to-face study of disease and its management.
The facilities afforded by the University Hospital and Dispensary are
described on a subsequent page. After two sessions devoted to laboratory
training, the student is introduced, in the third year, to the study of
disease in living persons. In the dispensary and in the hospital he learns
the methods of examining patients, of diagnosing their diseases, and of
instituting rational treatment; and he learns these things in much the
same way as he studied in the laboratory, that is to say, by doing them
himself under the direction and criticism of the instructors. This practical
training is accompanied by a systematic study of the various subjects by
means of lectures, text-books, and recitations. With this preparation the
student is ready to enter upon the hospital work in his fourth year. Here
he has advantages for clinical training similar to those enjoyed by internes.
Each clinical patient on admission to the hospital is assigned to a student,
and that patient is regarded as his "case." The student conducts a
complete examination, records his observations in a scientific manner,
makes a diagnosis, states his view as to the treatment indicated, and
keeps a complete record of the case, all under the advice and criticism
of the physician or surgeon in charge. He is expected to keep himself
informed of the progress of the case throughout its course; if it is one
requiring surgical treatment, he assists at the operation, and thus is able
to follow all the procedures of the operator at close range. In addition,
students make frequent visits to the wards with the attending physicians
and surgeons, during which visits the nature, treatment, and progress of
various cases are gone over in detail. To carry out this method of
clinical instruction the hospital had last year over 2,400 cases. Since the
number of students in each class is relatively small, it is clear that the
Department offers capable young men clinical advantages which are
distinctly exceptional.

Opportunities are offered in the third and fourth years for more
extended training in certain subjects with a view toward possible specialization
after graduation.

At the meetings of the Medical Section of the Philosophical Society
reviews of important articles and results of original research are presented
by the instructors and by invited guests. These meetings are open to the
students.

Regulations.—The records given after the regular examination on a
course, with their explanations, are as follows:

Passed indicates the satisfactory completion of the course and admits
to all dependent subjects.

Conditioned means that to obtain a clear record on the course the
student must pass the next examination. Failure to take or to pass this
examination is equivalent to a record of "failed." The record "conditioned"
is not given in fourth-year subjects, except in case of illness or other
equivalent cause approved by the faculty.

Deficient indicates that part of the work of the course has not been
completed. Upon the satisfactory completion of this work within the
time and in the manner prescribed by the professor in charge the student
receives the record "passed"; otherwise the record is "failed" on the entire
course.

Failed indicates that the course must be repeated; except that when
the laboratory or other practical work has been satisfactorily performed,
the professor in charge may, at his discretion, excuse the student from
repeating the same; and, by special vote of the faculty, the student may
be granted optional attendance upon the course, in whole or in part. In
general a student who is repeating a course will be required to attend all
the exercises of the course, and will not be excused from any exercise
thereof because of schedule conflicts with more advanced work.

Absence from a regular examination, when excused because of illness
or other equivalent cause, gives a record of conditioned; if not excused, a
record of failed.

To pass a regular or a special examination a grade of eighty per cent.
is required. If the grade is less than eighty per cent. but not less than
seventy per cent., the student is entitled to the record conditioned; but
the record "conditioned" is not given in fourth-year subjects, except under
the conditions noted above.

No student will be admitted to any subject of the second or the
third year (save by the consent of the Dean and the professors concerned),
if more than one-third of the work of the preceding year remains unfinished.
If at the beginning of the year his deficiencies have not been
made up by the satisfactory completion of courses at some school approved
by the instructors in charge at this University, he may continue as a
student in the Department of Medicine only by repeating the courses in
which he has failed. In the interpretation of this rule the values of the
subjects of the first and second years are estimated in points as follows:

Anatomy 1, 16 points; Anatomy 2, 5 points; Organic Chemistry, 15
points; Histology, 14 points; Embryology, 6 points; Physiological Chemistry,
8 points.

Anatomy 3, 16 points; Physiology, 20 points; Bacteriology, 8 points;
Pathology, 20 points; Pharmacology, 8 points.

Whenever in the judgment of the faculty a student is receiving too
many records below the grade of "Passed," the faculty may prescribe
special conditions upon which the student may remain in the Department
of Medicine, or may require his withdrawal therefrom.

Students will not be allowed to undertake the work of the third or
fourth year until they have completed that of the first year, save by
special consent of the Medical Faculty.

A student may not take any course, either in whole or in part (as
explained under the above definition of "failed") more than two times.
A second record of "failed" on the same course involves withdrawal from
the Department of Medicine.

Candidates for the degree of Doctor of Medicine, who have less than
one full year's course to complete, may be required to take such additional
work and to pass such additional examinations as the Medical Faculty
may prescribe. This additional work may be selected from any of the
courses given in the Department of Medicine, even when such prescribed
courses have previously been taken and passed by the candidate in question.

Advanced Standing.—Students are admitted to advanced standing in
the second and third years under the following conditions:

1. Satisfaction of the requirements for entrance into this department.

2. The presentation of a certificate from an accredited school of
medicine showing that the applicant has completed work equivalent to
that maintained by this department in each subject for which credit is
sought. Applicants complying with these conditions will be admitted to
advanced standing without examination. Applicants who have not completed
all of the work of the year or years preceding that to which they
seek admission are admitted to the Fall Examinations under the conditions
stated in the subsequent paragraph on Examinations. The right is reserved
in every case to obtain satisfactory evidence of the genuineness of a
certificate by correspondence with the proper authority of the school from
which the applicant comes.

Certificates of Attendance.—Students who attend the whole regular
course of one or more of the four years are entitled to certificates of
attendance.

Requirements for Graduation.—The degree of Doctor of Medicine is
conferred by the University of Virginia upon candidates who have complied
with the entrance requirements of this department; attended a regular
medical course of four years of at least eight months each, the last two
of which must have been at this institution; and have satisfactorily completed
all of the subjects included in the medical course.

Examinations.—These are in writing, accompanied in many subjects
by individual practical examinations. The regular examinations are held

at stated periods during the session. In addition, examinations are held
each year during the week immediately preceding the beginning of lectures.
To the latter are admitted:

1. Students of the previous session who, from illness or other equivalent
cause approved by the faculty, were unable to present themselves for
examination in any particular subject at the regular time.

2. Students who at the regular examination in any first, second, or
third year subject of the preceding session have attained a grade less than
eighty per cent., but as much as seventy per cent. on one or more subjects,
as explained in a preceding paragraph; or any student who has received
the record of "conditioned" on a course taken in this University.

3. Certain applicants for advanced standing, who satisfy the requirements
stated under "Advanced Standing," and meet the above conditions
of this section.

The Fall Examinations for 1916-1917 begin September eleventh and
close September sixteenth. Students entitled to admission to these
examinations will be informed of the date of examination by the Dean.

Expenses.—The tuition fees for students entering the Department of
Medicine prior to September, 1912, are $110 for the first year, $100 for
the second year, $80 for the third year, and $60 for the fourth year. For
students entering after September 1, 1912, the tuition fee for each year
is $100.

The annual expenses exclusive of tuition are $40 for the University
fee (which entitles the student to the use of the library, the gymnasium,
to medical attention, etc.), an average of about $265 for living expenses,
and $30 for books.

In the courses in Organic and Physiological Chemistry a deposit of
$10 is required to cover cost of breakage.

The William A. Herndon Scholarships are founded upon the bequest
of Dr. Cumberland George Herndon, a graduate in medicine of this
University. They are awarded by the Medical Faculty after a competitive
examination held during the summer vacation preceding enrollment as a
student in the Medical Department. Candidates must be unable to defray
the expenses of their medical education and must signify their intention
of entering the medical service of the army or navy of the United States.
These scholarships provide for the necessary expenses of the student during
the entire four years of his medical course and are awarded whenever
there is a vacancy. One will be awarded in September, 1917, and another in
September, 1918. For information as to the examinations and other
requirements, address the Dean of the Department of Medicine.

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

In the following description of courses, the number of hours represents
the amount of time each student devotes to the course. In addition to
the hours scheduled in the third and fourth years of the course, each
student devotes a considerable amount of time to practical work which
does not appear in the schedule, but the satisfactory performance of which
is essential to graduation. Thus the taking of histories, the visits to his
cases in the hospital, assisting at operations, attendance upon cases of
labour, the employment of microscopical and chemical methods of diagnosis
in the hospital, require much time which it has not seemed possible
to record in a rigid schedule. It should, however, be stated that each
student in the fourth year gives at least two hundred hours to this required
but unscheduled practical work.

The session, exclusive of the time devoted to examination, is divided
into a fall term of twelve weeks, a winter term of ten weeks, and a spring
term of ten weeks.

FIRST YEAR

Anatomy 1.—Six hours weekly until November 1st; twelve hours weekly
from November 1st to the end of the winter term. This course begins with
a systematic study of the bones, on the completion of which a part (either
the head and neck with the upper extremity and thorax, or the lower
extremity and abdomen) is assigned to each student for dissection and
study; for this purpose each cadaver is considered as composed of four
parts. On the completion of this course and Anatomy 3 each student
has dissected a lateral half of the body. Emphasis is placed upon the
benefit to be derived by the student who obtains his knowledge at first
hand and by his own personal efforts. While practical dissection and
the consideration of topographical relations make up the essential features
of the course, there are occasional lectures and frequent recitations, followed
by a final written examination in March. The satisfactory
performance of the laboratory work is essential to a passing grade.
Dr. Whitehead.

Anatomy 2.—Six hours weekly during the spring term. This course
consists in a laboratory study of the anatomy of the central nervous
system carried out in considerable detail. The gross anatomy of the spinal
cord and brain is first considered, on the completion of which sections of
the more important regions are studied carefully with the aid of the
microscope. For the purposes of the course the laboratory is well
equipped. Fresh brains are obtained each year from the dissecting material
of the department; and several excellent series of sections of the cord
and brain both of infants and adults stained by the Weigert-Pal method
are thoroughly used. The laboratory work is supplemented by recitations
and occasional lectures. Dr. Whitehead.

Histology.—Three lectures or recitations and nine hours of laboratory
work weekly during the fall and winter terms. The student's record in
the course will depend upon his recitations, laboratory drawing books,
and final examinations, both written and practical. The course aims to
acquaint the student primarily with the microscopic structure of cells,
tissues, and organs. Cytogenesis and histogenesis are briefly considered
in the case of many tissues studied; and the relation of the whole subject
of histology to pathology is never lost sight of. The student is also given
opportunity to acquaint himself with the principles and practice of
histological technique. The laboratory is excellently equipped with
microscopes, paraffin baths, microtomes, a micropolariscope, a projectoscope
and other accessories essential to the most favorable presentation of this
course.

A record of seventy per cent. in this course is required for admission
to Physiology, and of eighty per cent. for admission to Pathology. Dr.
Jordan, assisted by Mr. Pagenstecher.

Embryology.—Nine hours weekly during the spring term. The laboratory
work (six hours weekly) is accompanied by lectures, recitations, and
the study of models and text-books. The course aims to give the student
a knowledge of developmental processes, in the light of which he may
the better understand the more abstruse normal conditions of adult
anatomy, as well as many anomalies and variations, neoplasms and maliormations.
The close correlation of obstetrics is recognized, and a correct
knowledge of the fetus and its membranes is taught from the embryological
approach. The course is made as practical as possible for the student and
practitioner of medicine. It begins with a consideration of maturation
phenomena, fertilization, segmentation, and the development of the germ-layers.
The study is made chiefly upon the ova and early stages of an
invertebrate, followed by a comparison in an amphibian. The chick is
used for the primary relations of the systems to one another; and this
is followed by the study of pig embryos, where each system is taken up
separately and the organology and histogenesis of its parts are studied.
Finally, the fetal membranes and their relations to the fetus and uterus
are studied in their variations among the amniota. Dr. Jordan, assisted by
Mr. Pagenstecher.

Organic Chemistry.—Lectures and recitations three hours weekly, laboratory
work six and eight hours weekly respectively during the fall and winter
terms. This course includes the systematic study of organic chemistry or
the chemistry of the compounds of carbon, with special reference to substances
of importance in their relation to medicine. The object of this
course of study is to familiarize the student with the more important
organic compounds and with the methods at present employed in chemical
synthesis and to lay the foundation for subsequent work in Physiological
Chemistry, Pharmacology, etc., etc.

During the second term certain qualitative and quantitative work of
immediate importance in physiological chemistry is introduced into the
course. This includes, among other things, the reactions of carbohydrates,
the quantitative determination of sugar (Fehling and Benedict), total

nitrogen (Kjeldahl), uric acid (Hopkins-Folin), ammonia (Folin, and formaldehyde
methods), chlorids, and total acidity of urine (Folin).

A record of seventy per cent. on this course is required for admission
to Physiological Chemistry. Dr. Edgar and Dr. Pratt.

Physiological Chemistry.—Three lectures, three recitations and nine hours
of laboratory work weekly during the spring term. This course has for its
object to afford instruction in the fundamentals of physiological chemistry,
especially the chemical structure, properties, and reactions of the more
important compounds with which the student must deal in his subsequent
studies of physiology. The laboratory work, continuing that upon the
carbohydrates and the quantitative methods given in the laboratory of
Organic Chemistry, consists of the thorough study of the properties of the
fats, soaps, fatty acids, and proteins, and of the more important members
of each of these groups; the composition of blood, milk, and bile; the action
of the more important digestive enzymes and of the bile; and the
chemistry of the urine. Accurate quantitative determinations are required
of creatinin (Folin), creatin (Benedict), and of urea, ammonia, uric acid,
etc., by the microchemical methods of Folin. After this the class in
sections carries out analyses of 24-hour urines, these analyses including,
in duplicate, all the quantitative determinations which have previously
been learned.

A grade of seventy per cent. on this course is required for admission
to Physiology. Dr. Hough and assistant.

SECOND YEAR

Anatomy 3.—Ten hours weekly from October 1st through the fall and
winter terms. This course is the continuation of Anatomy 1, and consists
of the systematic dissection and study, by essentially the same methods,
of the parts not studied during the first year. Dr. Reeves.

Physiology.—Four hours weekly of lectures, recitations and demonstrations
throughout the year; six hours weekly of laboratory work in the fall
and winter terms. The physiology of muscle and nerve; blood and lymph;
the circulation; respiration; secretion; digestion and nutrition; excretion;
the sense organs; and the central nervous system. The laboratory is
equipped with kymographs, induction coils, signals, muscle and heart
levers, tambours, manometers, apparatus for gas analysis, etc., for thirty
men work at one time in pairs. The work of the laboratory closely follows
the lectures and is an integral part of the study of each subject. The
student becomes practically acquainted with the methods of modern physiological
investigation and is required to hand in tracings or other records,
together with full description of his experiments. The satisfactory completion
of the laboratory work is necessary to a clear record on the course,
as is the passing of the final examinations.

Open only to students who have obtained a grade of seventy per cent.
in Histology and in Physiological Chemistry. The satisfactory completion
of the laboratory work of this course is necessary for admission to
Pharmacology. Dr. Hough and Mr. Neff, assisted by Mr. Setzler.

Bacteriology and Pathology.—Twelve hours weekly throughout the year,
and two additional hours a week in the third term.

In Bacteriology the student is taught to prepare culture media and to
employ the usual methods necessary for the isolation and identification
of bacteria, and he studies the microörganisms concerned in the common
bacterial diseases.

After a few days have been spent in making culture media, sterilization,
etc., the general technique is learned by isolating the bacteria
from the air, soil, water and milk, and from exposed body surfaces.
Bacterial counts are made from water and milk. Following this, the
pathogenic bacteria are taken up serially. Those receiving special attention
are the bacteria concerned in wound infections, in respiratory and intestinal
diseases, and in tuberculosis. At intervals mixed cultures are given out
to the class and the students are required to isolate and identify the
bacteria in the mixtures.

Experimental work upon infection and immunity accompanies the
course in Bacteriology and Pathology. The students inoculate animals
with certain pathogenic bacteria and report to the class upon the course
of disease resulting from the inoculation. In fatal cases the students
perform autopsies upon the experimental animals and attempt to recover
the bacteria in cultures. Sections are made from the organs of the
animals which succumb to inoculation and are studied by the students.

Groups of students prepare vaccines and immunize animals. The
serum of these animals is employed by the class in studying the technique
of the more important immunity reactions. In this way the work in
Bacteriology is integrally combined with the work in Pathology, the two
courses overlapping.

The lectures and quizzes which accompany the laboratory work are
designed to set forth clearly the relations existing between bacteria and
disease and to give a knowledge of the fundamental facts and theories of
immunity and of the important principles of preventive medicine.

The course in Pathology extends from January to June. The greater
part of the practical work is devoted to the study of the microscopic
changes occurring in disease. This is supplemented by the study of
autopsy material and museum specimens. Selected types of diseases are
studied experimentally. The practical work includes the consideration
of the vascular disturbances, degeneration, inflammation, regeneration,
and of benign and malignant tumors. The diseases produced by animal
parasites are considered briefly. During the course the student has an
opportunity to learn the standard methods employed in preparing tissues
for examination, and he is called upon to witness and assist in the
autopsies.

Both in Bacteriology and Pathology frequent recitations are held and
the standing of the student is determined largely upon these and from the
character of his daily practical work.

In addition to the regular course outlined above, opportunity is
afforded for qualified students and doctors to engage in advanced work.
A special room is reserved for this purpose.

The work in Pathology is open only to students who have obtained
a record of eighty per cent. in Histology. Dr. Marshall and Dr. Haralson,
assisted by Mr. Moore and Mr. Gilmore.

Pharmacology.—Five hours of lectures, recitations, and demonstrations
and six hours of laboratory work during the third term. In this course a
study is made of the chemical characteristics and physiological action of
representative drugs from the different pharmacological groups. An average
grade of seventy per cent on the first two terms of Physiology together
with the satisfactory completion of the laboratory work of Physiology is
required for admission to the course. Dr. Waddell and Mr. Neff.

Journals.—In connection with the work in Physiology, Pathology, and
Pharmacology the second-year students meet with their instructors for
one hour each week from the first of December to the end of the session
for reports and discussion of the current literature of the above sciences.
Three reports are made at each meeting by the students.

Physical Diagnosis.—Four hours weekly during the spring term. Instruction
is given in the principles and methods of physical examination.
Attention is especially given to study of the normal subject. Dr. Flippin.

THIRD YEAR

Materia Medica.—Three hours of lectures and recitations and four hours
of laboratory work weekly during the first half of the third year. The more
important drugs and preparations of the Pharmacopeia, together with newer
non-official remedies which bid fair to attain or have attained considerable
use, form the subject of study. In the laboratory the student becomes
familiar with the peculiarities and methods of preparation of the different
preparations of the pharmacopeia, as well as with the solubilities and other
characteristics of the more important drugs. Especial attention is paid to
chemical and pharmaceutical incompatibility. Prescription writing is dealt
with by lecture and frequent practical exercises. Dr. Waddeli. and Mr.
Faris.

Toxicology.—Three hours of lectures and recitation and three hours of
laboratory work weekly during the last half of the second term.

This course is, to a considerable extent, a review of the pharmacological actions
of poisons and their antagonists. The treatment of poisoning is dealt
with in detail. Some attention is given to the methods of separation and
identification. Dr. Waddell and Mr. Faris.

Clinical Diagnosis.—Six hours weekly during the fall and winter terms.
In this course the student is made familiar with those modern laboratory
methods which are practically helpful in the diagnosis of disease. These
include, among others, the systematic examination of blood, sputum, urine,
gastric contents, feces, exudates, transudates, and milk. The student is not
only required to understand the methods employed in such examinations,
but by practice to acquire the skill necessary for accurate results. The instruction
is given in the Clinical Laboratory, situated in the north wing of

the hospital. This laboratory is well equipped with instruments and apparatus,
and the wards of the Hospital furnish ample material for the
proper presentation of the subject. Dr. Bray and Dr. Duggins.

Theory and Practice of Medicine.—Three hours weekly of lectures and
recitations throughout the year; nine hours weekly in the clinics for one-half
the session. A systematic course of lectures, supplemented by work in the
dispensary and hospital. The class is divided into two sections, each of
which devotes itself for half the year to the medical service in the dispensary
and also twice a week receives instruction on selected cases in the wards of
the hospital. There is a general medical clinic once a week in the hospital
amphitheater for the third- and fourth-year students. Dr. Davis, Dr. Flippin,
Dr. Magruder, and Dr. Nelson.

Surgery and Gynecology.—Five hours weekly of lectures and recitations,
and two hours weekly of surgical clinic throughout the session, with six hours
weekly in the dispensary for one-half the session.

The study of surgery begins in the third year and continues through
the fourth year. In the third year the classroom work consists of lectures
and recitations, as arranged in the schedule, in which the Principles and
Practice of Surgery, Surgical Diseases, Surgical Diagnosis, etc., are thoroughly
discussed. This also includes the surgical specialties, Orthopedics,
Genito-urinary Surgery, etc.

The dispensary course in the third year gives opportunities for diagnosis
and treatment of clinical cases under close personal supervision. Experience
in dressings, bandaging, anesthesia, and minor surgery is afforded.
Surgical appliances and technique are demonstrated to the students, divided
into small groups.

The work in gynecology follows closely the outlines already described
for surgery. The general principles of gynecology are taken up in lectures
and recitations. In addition, the dispensary affords practice in palpation,
diagnosis, and treatment. Dr. Watts and Dr. Goodwin.

Obstetrics.—Three hours weekly of lectures, recitations, and manikin demonstrations
during the year, supplemented by work with living subjects in
the wards of the hospital.

The class is divided into sections of five for manikin instruction and for
examination of patients in the hospital. The manikin course forms an important
part of the work, not only for teaching presentation, position, and
posture, but also the mechanism of normal and abnormal labor and the application
of forceps. When the section is taken into the wards of the hospital,
the methods of examination, particularly abdominal palpation, are
practiced on the living subject. Dr. Macon.

FOURTH YEAR

Theory and Practice of Medicine.—The same plan is followed in the
clinical work as that already described for the third year, each of the two
sections of the class devoting itself for half the year to the medical service
in the wards of the hospital. Full histories are taken of every case, thorough

examinations made, and management indicated by the students of each
division. The records thus obtained are kept up by the student assigned to
the case, which he is expected to follow until its discharge. The accuracy
and completeness with which this is done constitutes a large element in the
determination of fitness for graduation.

The subjects treated with the approximate division of time between
them are as follows:

Nervous Diseases and Insanity.—Three lectures and recitations weekly
supplemented by clinical work during the fall term. In this course is given
also instruction in electro-therapeutics. Dr. Davis.

Pediatrics.—Three lectures and recitations weekly supplemented by clinical
work during the winter term. This course of lectures is intended to point out
in a brief way how disease is modified by childhood and to indicate how the
difficulties of diagnosis and treatment due to early age may best be encountered.
The principles of infant feeding are emphasized and the student is
taught how to prepare the food. Instruction in the practical details of the
subject is given by the work at the dispensary and in the wards of the hospital.
Dr. Davis and Dr. Rea.

Dermatology.—A brief course of lectures is given on this subject embodying
a consideration of the commoner diseases met with in medical practice.
After a brief review of the anatomic and histologic structure and of
the physiology of the skin, the diseases most commonly met with are discussed.

The clinical material available at the University Dispensary is utilized
to the best advantage to give the students a practical working knowledge
of the diagnosis and treatment of affections of the skin. Dr. Davis and Dr.
Rea.

Case Teaching, Medical Ethics and Economics, and Insurance Exam-
inations.—Two hours weekly during the spring term. Dr. Davis.

Therapeutics.—Two lectures weekly during the fall and winter terms, with
five hours weekly of ward rounds for one-half the session.

The treatment of internal diseases is discussed in a systematic course
of lectures and practically demonstrated in the wards of the hospital.
Especial attention is given to the clinical side of the teaching of this subject,
the student being required to suggest treatment for cases assigned to
him and to follow closely and make a record of the results of the therapeutic
agents employed throughout the course of the disease.

The course includes a discussion of the preparation of food for the
sick; demonstrations of the preparation of stupes, plasters, and poultices;
and the methods of giving therapeutic baths, electric treatment, massage,
and other therapeutic measures. Dr. Flippin

Surgery and Gynecology.—Two hours weekly of surgical clinic throughout
the session; three hours weekly of ward classes, supplemented by clinical
work in the wards and operating room for one-half the session with each of the
two sections of the class.

Instruction in surgery is carried on by clinics and bedside demonstrations
in the hospital. In the wards the students are assigned cases, whose histories
they must take, make complete physical and clinical examinations,
urine analyses, blood examinations, etc. In the ward rounds the diagnosis,
operative and other treatment, post-operative care of the cases, complication,
prognosis, etc., are discussed in detail. A large variety of cases is
available, and the close contact of the students with their cases and with the
routine of hospital management offer many of the opportunities that an internship
affords.

In the operating rooms the students, in small groups, take part in the
operations, thus acquiring familiarity with technique, anesthetization, etc.
Those of the class who are not assisting, witness the operations, whose
important features are demonstrated to them.

In gynecology the students have the same general work as in surgery,
consisting of the examination and recording the cases in the public wards,
attendance on ward rounds, at which the cases are discussed, and observation
and assistance in the operating rooms. Dr. Watts and Dr. Goodwin.

In addition to the above course, required of all students, the following
elective course is offered in the Department of Surgery.

Surgical Pathology.—Two hours weekly during one-half of the year. The
work in this course comprises lectures upon the pathology of surgical lesions,
with especial emphasis upon the clinical diagnosis of tumors and inflammations,
the examination of microscopic sections, and the study of fresh
tissues in the gross, obtained from the operating room. The purpose of
the course is to supplement the general courses in pathology and surgery,
and to acquaint the student with the appearance of fresh pathological material
from surgical cases. Dr. Goodwin.

Clinical Pathological Conferences.—One hour weekly is assigned for
the study of pathologic material in connection with the clinical aspects of
cases coming to autopsy. A history of the case is presented by the student
in charge, the autopsy is reviewed, the tissue and microscopic sections are
examined, and all the information thus derived is collated and contrasted.
Dr. Marshall.

Obstetrics.—The student attends, under the guidance of an instructor,
the labor cases in the hospital, is required to prepare the history of patients,
and to follow up the cases through the puerperium. Instruction is also
given in the care of the new born. In addition the student has the opportunity
of attending patients in the out-patient department and each student
is expected to attend at least six cases of labor. Dr. Macon.

Forensic Medicine.—One lecture weekly during the term of the fourth
year. Dr. Waddell.

Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat.—Two lectures weekly from
the beginning of the session to the first of March, supplemented by regular
clinics twice weekly throughout the year and clinical lectures to sections of the
class as suitable cases occur.

No attempt is made to train specialists, but every effort is made to render
the class familiar with such common diseases of the eye, ear, nose and
throat as the general practitioner meets in his daily work. To this end the
class is divided into small sections and each student is taught the methods
of examination and the use of the ophthalmoscope, head-mirror, and of the
laryngeal and post-nasal mirrors. In the clinics each patient is assigned to
a student who must take the history and keep the record of that patient;
the case is then demonstrated by the professor in charge, and, if possible,
each student makes his own examination under the personal supervision of
the attending physician. Clinical cases are abundant, and during the year
the student sees and handles practically all the common diseases of the
eye, ear and upper respiratory tract.

At the operations in the hospital only as many students are allowed to
be present as can really see and appreciate what is being done.

Valuable work is also given in the dissecting room, where the technic
of operative work is shown in a way that can not be employed with the living
patient. Students do this work as far as possible for themselves, especially
in tracheotomy and intubation of the larynx.

Finally the attempt is made so to ground the student in the anatomy,
physiology, general pathology, and in methods of examination and treatment
that he may diagnose and treat intelligently many of the cases that
can not afford to go to a perhaps distant specialist; that he may treat successfully
that large class of emergency cases that first come to the general
practitioner and in which immediate treatment is imperative; and, lastly,
that he may recognize and intelligently refer those cases that need the
services of one especially trained to this branch of work. Dr. Hedges and Dr.
Compton.

Hygiene.—Three hours weekly throughout the year.

The course begins with a historical sketch of the development of preventive
medicine, including short biographical sketches of the pioneers of
hygiene. With this introduction the story of the natural history of contagious
and infectious diseases, modes of propagation and methods of prevention
engage the attention of the student. With this preparation, the
chemical and bacteriological contamination of food, water, air and soil is
made an important study. Instruction is also begun in the proper location
and construction of habitations, hospitals, schoolhouses, etc., with special
reference to the modern methods of heating, ventilating and draining.
Notice is taken of the special relations involved in military and naval
hygiene. Dr. Lambeth.

FACILITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH

The Department of Medicine not only fosters in its methods of instruction
the inductive study by the student himself of the phenomena presented
by the human body in health and disease, but also encourages the
spirit of investigation of unsolved problems of medical science and practice
on the part of the instructors and students. During the past few years there
have appeared annually a number of papers from its laboratories embodying
the results of such investigations, and it is the policy of the department
to enlarge this feature of its work in the future. Students are encouraged
to engage in research as they are prepared for it, usually assisting an instructor
in some special study or else conducting the research under his
guidance and advice. For this purpose the scientific and clinical laboratories
offer the necessary facilities and heads of departments will always
be glad to suggest and outline problems for investigation by any medical
student or by others possessing the necessary training therefor.

THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HOSPITAL

This hospital is the property of the University, and is under the exclusive
control of its medical faculty. It was designed and is administered
as a teaching hospital, being so arranged that free use can be made of its
clinical material without in any way disturbing or violating the privacy of
other patients.

The buildings are arranged upon the pavilion system, consisting of a
central structure, four stories in height, devoted to the purposes of administration,
and two wings. The administration building contains, on the main
floor, reception and consultation rooms, an amphitheater and private operating
rooms, with sterilizing and anesthetizing rooms attached, and an X-ray
room. The upper floors furnish accommodation for the nurses of the training
school, while the basement contains the heating plant, laundry, kitchen,
etc. From this building corridors in three stories lead out to the wards.
These wards, having a capacity of about eighteen beds each, are beautifully
lighted, have direct indirect hot-water radiators, and forced ventilation. Opening
from each ward on the east is a large protected porch, of great value to
convalescents. The south wind has been in use for several years; the
north wing, completed in 1907, gives the hospital a capacity of about 100
beds, 80 of these being in the public wards. A new wing, now in process of
construction, will be occupied by the session 1916-17, and will add materially
to the capacity and equipment. The equipment throughout is new, and
conforms in all respects to the best usage of the day.

Attention is particularly called to the fact that the hospital, with its
associated dispensary, constitutes a valuable adjunct to the teaching facilities
of the Medical School. The variety of cases presented, and more especially
the opportunities offered for a thorough study of the individual case,
afford unusually satisfactory conditions for clinical instruction.

HOSPITAL STAFF

Hospital Board: Drs. Whitehead, Davis, Watts, Hedges, Macon, Marshall,
Compton, Flippin, Goodwin.

Visiting Staff: The visiting staff consists of the Hospital Board and
the Clinical Instructors in the Dispensary.

Director of the Hospital: Dr. Watts.

House Surgeon: Dr. Neff.

Assistant House Surgeon and Roentgenologist: Dr. Woodberry.

Internes: Drs. Anderson, Fitchett, Gage and Howard.

Acting Superintendent of Nurses: Miss T. S. Grier.

Assistant Superintendent: Miss M. L. Hamner.

Night Superintendent: Miss Clarissa Canfield.

In Charge of Operating Room: Miss Dorothy Stranger.

Dietetic Nurse: Mrs. G. G. Montague.

Pathologists: Dr. Marshall and Dr. Haralson.

THE DISPENSARY

CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS

Dr. Flippin, Chief of Dispensary.

Dr. Magruder.

Dr. Compton.

Dr. Hedges.

Dr. Goodwin.

Dr. Davis.

Dr. Rea.

Dr. Nelson.

During the summer of 1913 the dispensary building was remodeled and
the service reorganized. Separate waiting rooms for white and colored
patients have been provided and the floor space has been arranged to provide
additional rooms for the different services and separate examination
rooms for male and female patients. The chief of dispensary is present
each afternoon during the regular hours to receive and properly refer patients
and to arrange for the work of the students. The students are divided
into sections and are required to examine, record, treat, and follow
each case that comes to the clinic. The work is done under the close personal
supervision of the clinical instructors. Each third-year student attends
the medical and surgical clinics every Monday, Wednesday and Friday
afternoons, and each fourth-year student the eye, ear, nose and throat
clinics on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons throughout the session. A
nurse is detailed from the hospital each afternoon to be present at the examination
and treatment of patients, as required. The coöperation of the
district nurse in Charlottesville has been secured and the dispensary has in
this way become an integral part of the charitable work of the community.

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL FOR
NURSES

This school was established in 1901, and its first class was graduated in
June, 1903. Its aim is to give young women, desirous of acquiring the art
of nursing, the same care and thorough training in their calling which is
now afforded young men studying the science of medicine. Instruction in
the primary branches of medicine is given to pupil nurses by the Medical
Department of the University of Virginia, while the clinical instructors at
the University Hospital give lectures upon their respective courses. Three
years is the required time for graduation, and all candidates must enter prepared
to go through the full course of instruction and hospital training.

Candidates for the school should apply in their own handwriting to the
Superintendent of Nurses, University Hospital, University, Va. These applications
must be accompanied by certificates of good character, good
health, and sufficient education to profit by the instruction offered. No
candidate under twenty-one years of age or over thirty-five will be received.

REGISTER OF STUDENTS

FIRST-YEAR CLASS

                                                                                         

Albert, Richard Edward	Portsmouth, Va.
Bailey, Benjamin Franklin	Ft. Defiance, Va.
Banks, John Bankhead	Norfolk, Va.
Bland, William Marshall	Portsmouth, Va.
Brown, William Marmaduke	Paris, Ky.
Bruce, Thomas Moore	Lynchburg, Va.
Brumback, Lynn Hamilton	Luray, Va.
Campbell, Glenn Calvin	Mill Gap, Va.
Carter, Burr Noland	Orange, Va.
Cheney, Gamaliel Wyatt Holmes	Rome, Ga.
B. S., Georgia School of Technology.
Cox, John Calvin	Galax, Va.
Crouch, Norman Simmons	Chestertown, Md.
B. A., Washington College, Md.
Finter, Clyde Virginius	Lyndhurst, Va.
Gilliam, Randolph Moore	Newport News, Va.
Gooch, Lewis Melvin	Paris, Tex.
Goodman, William Dennis	Washington, D. C.
Gray, James King	Leesburg, Va.
Harryman, William Klipstein	Barcroft, Va.
Hawks, Cyrus Eugene	Mt. Airy, N. C.
Hess, Louis Elmore	Newport News, Va.
Jabaut, Seward William	Portville, N. Y.
King, Eugene Colvin	Clinton, S. C.
B. A., Presbyterian College of South Carolina.
Mallan, William Roderick	Washington, D. C.
Massie, Francis Milton	Lexington, Ky.
B. A., University of Virginia.
Minor, John	Asheville, N. C.
Norfleet, William Jacob, Jr.	Suffolk, Va.
Pritchett, Harry Wooding	Danville, Va.
Russell, James Vallie	Lewisburg, W. Va.
Savage, Millard Bridgman	Norfolk, Va.
Simpson, George Winslow	Virginia Beach, Va.
Sims, William Bailey, Jr.	Maxwelton, Va.
Smith, Beverly Chew	Franklin, La.
B. A., University of Virginia.
Sparr, Harold Adams	Memphis, Tenn.
Thayer, William Howard	Bethlehem, Pa.
Wilkins, James Alexander	Lynchburg, Va.
Willis, Richard Lee	Chatham, Va.
Wilson, David Cole	Chattanooga, Tenn.
B. A., University of Virginia.
Woodward, Fletcher Drummond	Hampton, Va.
Young, Robert Simonton	Concord, N. C.

SECOND-YEAR CLASS

                                                                             

Ashburn, Horace Godwin	South Norfolk, Va.
B. A., University of Virginia.
Bigger, Isaac Alexander, Jr.	Rock Hill, S. C.
Faulkner, Donald MacKenzie	Boydton, Va.
B. A., University of Virginia.
Fitz-Hugh, Thomas, Jr.	University, Va.
B. A., University of Virginia.
Gearing, Frank Wilson	Woodstock, Va.
Hawthorne, Allen Tupper	Avon, Va.
Hinton, James William	Reedville, Va.
Hipp, Edward Reginald	Newberry, S. C.
A. B., Newberry College, S. C.
Hirst, Virginius Bitzer	Purcellville, Va.
Graduate Virginia Military Institute.
Hollingsworth, Edward West	Bel Air, Md.
Howze, Charles Perry	Marion, Ala.
B. S., Marion Institute, Ala.
Lightner, Gordon Hitt	Haymarket, Va.
McCoy, Haliburton	Asheville, N. C.
McKinney, Samuel Averett	Lynchburg, Va.
Mackey, Roger David	Waverly, Pa.
Marable, James Edward	Newport News, Va.
O'Neill, John Brooks	New London, Conn.
Owens, William Duncan	Savannah, Ga.
Pagenstecher, Gustav Adolph	San Antonio, Texas
Rixey, William Walton	University, Va.
Scully, Robert	New York, N. Y.
Setzler, George Breaker	Pomaria, S. C.
B. A., Newberry College, S. C.
Stone, James Banister, Jr.	Hurt, Va.
B. A., University of Virginia.
Strange, William Wyatt	Huntington, W. Va.
Todd, Augustine Jaquelin	University, Va.
Tunstall, Cuthbert	Norfolk, Va.
B. A., University of Virginia.
Turner, William Henry, Jr.	Afton, Va.
Vallet, Brice Sewell	New Castle, Del.
Waddell, William Wirt, Jr.	Charlottesville, Va.
Williams, Wesley Leighton	Norfolk, Va.

THIRD-YEAR CLASS

                                                       

Adams, Donald Stansbury	Indianapolis, Ind.
Amos, Chester Allen	Manassas, Va.
Anderson, Richard Dabney	Red Hill, Va.
Compton, Henry Tayloe	Roland Park, Md.
Eskew, Milner Hubbard	Selma, Ala.
M. S., Alabama Polytechnic Institute.
Gilmore, Goodlatte Browne	Hampton, Va.
Green, Berryman, Jr.	Theological Seminary, Va.
Griffith, Charles Manley, Jr.	Thomasville, N. C.
Grove, George Hedges	Hagerstown, Md.
Gwinn, George Emerson	Lowell, W. Va.
Howard, Kalford Wall	Portsmouth, Va.
B. S., University of Virginia.
Leavenworth, William Cecil	New Haven, Conn.
McCandlish, Howard Sheild, Jr.	Washington, D. C.
McCants, John Marion	Guthriesville, S. C.
B. S. in Medicine, University of North Carolina.
McIlwaine, William Baird III	Petersburg, Va.
B. A. Hampden-Sidney College, Va.
McNeill, George Palmer, Jr.	University, Va.
Newman, Samuel Raphael	Richmond, Va.
Norburn, Charles Strickland	Acton, N. C.
Peterson, William Conova	Wilmington, N. C.
B. A. Wake Forest College, N. C.
Pott, Walter Graham Hawks	Shanghai, China
Romaine, Mason, Jr.	Petersburg, Va.
Welford, Beverley Randolph, Jr.	Richmond, Va.
Whitlock, Simon Ben	Norfolk, Va.

FOURTH-YEAR CLASS

                                                                   

Barker, Reuben Allen	University, Va.
Barnwell, John DuBose	Florence, S. C.
B. A., University of Virginia.
Biern, Oscar Bernard	Huntington, W. Va.
Broocks, Edward Ballard	Chase City, Va.
Faris, James Edge	Red Hill, Va.
Fetzer, Paul Williams	Reidsville, N. C.
Fite, William Patton	Muskogee, Okla.
B. A., University of Virginia.
Greene, Douglas Grady	West Point, Miss.
Green, Joseph Hughes	Clifton Forge, Va.
A. B., Virginia Christian College.
Hyde, LeRoy Walter	Plattsburg, N. Y.
Ph. G., Atlanta College of Pharmacy, Ga.
Keiger, James Arthur	Tobaccoville, N. C.
B. A., University of North Carolina.
Moore, Claude	Roanoke, Va.
Neff, Ezra Eugene	Chilhowie, Va.
B. A., Emory and Henry College, Va.
Pound, Robert Earl	Tupelo, Miss.
B. S., University of Mississippi.
Scott, William Samuel	Fredericksburg, Va.
A. B., Fredericksburg College, Va.
Smith, Dudley Crofford	University, Miss.
B. S., University of Mississippi.
Tatum, Charles Robert	Orange, Va.
Trautmann, Henry	Sheboygan, Wis.
Trimble, Harry Evans	Summerton, S. C.
B. A., William and Mary College, Va.
Vance, William Kirkpatrick, Jr.	Bristol, Tenn.
B. S., King College, Tenn.
Warren, William Rice	University, Va.
A. B., Randolph-Macon College, Va.
Whitmore, William Harvey	Lynchburg, Va.

SUMMARY BY STATES

                                           

Alabama	2
China	1
Connecticut	2
Delaware	1
District of Columbia	3
Georgia	2
Indiana	1
Kentucky	2
Louisiana	1
Maryland	4
Mississippi	3
New York	3
North Carolina	9
Oklahoma	1
Pennsylvania	2
South Carolina	7
Tennessee	3
Texas	2
Virginia	60
West Virginia	4
Wisconsin	1
Total	114