University of Virginia Library

SECOND YEAR

Anatomy 3.—Ten hours weekly from October 1st through the fall and
winter terms. This course is the continuation of Anatomy 1, and consists
of the systematic dissection and study, by essentially the same methods,
of the parts not studied during the first year. Dr. Reeves.

Physiology.—Four hours weekly of lectures, recitations and demonstrations
throughout the year; six hours weekly of laboratory work in the fall
and winter terms. The physiology of muscle and nerve; blood and lymph;
the circulation; respiration; secretion; digestion and nutrition; excretion;
the sense organs; and the central nervous system. The laboratory is
equipped with kymographs, induction coils, signals, muscle and heart
levers, tambours, manometers, apparatus for gas analysis, etc., for thirty
men work at one time in pairs. The work of the laboratory closely follows
the lectures and is an integral part of the study of each subject. The
student becomes practically acquainted with the methods of modern physiological
investigation and is required to hand in tracings or other records,
together with full description of his experiments. The satisfactory completion
of the laboratory work is necessary to a clear record on the course,
as is the passing of the final examinations.

Open only to students who have obtained a grade of seventy per cent.
in Histology and in Physiological Chemistry. The satisfactory completion
of the laboratory work of this course is necessary for admission to
Pharmacology. Dr. Hough and Mr. Neff, assisted by Mr. Setzler.

Bacteriology and Pathology.—Twelve hours weekly throughout the year,
and two additional hours a week in the third term.

In Bacteriology the student is taught to prepare culture media and to
employ the usual methods necessary for the isolation and identification
of bacteria, and he studies the microörganisms concerned in the common
bacterial diseases.

After a few days have been spent in making culture media, sterilization,
etc., the general technique is learned by isolating the bacteria
from the air, soil, water and milk, and from exposed body surfaces.
Bacterial counts are made from water and milk. Following this, the
pathogenic bacteria are taken up serially. Those receiving special attention
are the bacteria concerned in wound infections, in respiratory and intestinal
diseases, and in tuberculosis. At intervals mixed cultures are given out
to the class and the students are required to isolate and identify the
bacteria in the mixtures.

Experimental work upon infection and immunity accompanies the
course in Bacteriology and Pathology. The students inoculate animals
with certain pathogenic bacteria and report to the class upon the course
of disease resulting from the inoculation. In fatal cases the students
perform autopsies upon the experimental animals and attempt to recover
the bacteria in cultures. Sections are made from the organs of the
animals which succumb to inoculation and are studied by the students.

Groups of students prepare vaccines and immunize animals. The
serum of these animals is employed by the class in studying the technique
of the more important immunity reactions. In this way the work in
Bacteriology is integrally combined with the work in Pathology, the two
courses overlapping.

The lectures and quizzes which accompany the laboratory work are
designed to set forth clearly the relations existing between bacteria and
disease and to give a knowledge of the fundamental facts and theories of
immunity and of the important principles of preventive medicine.

The course in Pathology extends from January to June. The greater
part of the practical work is devoted to the study of the microscopic
changes occurring in disease. This is supplemented by the study of
autopsy material and museum specimens. Selected types of diseases are
studied experimentally. The practical work includes the consideration
of the vascular disturbances, degeneration, inflammation, regeneration,
and of benign and malignant tumors. The diseases produced by animal
parasites are considered briefly. During the course the student has an
opportunity to learn the standard methods employed in preparing tissues
for examination, and he is called upon to witness and assist in the
autopsies.

Both in Bacteriology and Pathology frequent recitations are held and
the standing of the student is determined largely upon these and from the
character of his daily practical work.

In addition to the regular course outlined above, opportunity is
afforded for qualified students and doctors to engage in advanced work.
A special room is reserved for this purpose.

The work in Pathology is open only to students who have obtained
a record of eighty per cent. in Histology. Dr. Marshall and Dr. Haralson,
assisted by Mr. Moore and Mr. Gilmore.

Pharmacology.—Five hours of lectures, recitations, and demonstrations
and six hours of laboratory work during the third term. In this course a
study is made of the chemical characteristics and physiological action of
representative drugs from the different pharmacological groups. An average
grade of seventy per cent on the first two terms of Physiology together
with the satisfactory completion of the laboratory work of Physiology is
required for admission to the course. Dr. Waddell and Mr. Neff.

Journals.—In connection with the work in Physiology, Pathology, and
Pharmacology the second-year students meet with their instructors for
one hour each week from the first of December to the end of the session
for reports and discussion of the current literature of the above sciences.
Three reports are made at each meeting by the students.

Physical Diagnosis.—Four hours weekly during the spring term. Instruction
is given in the principles and methods of physical examination.
Attention is especially given to study of the normal subject. Dr. Flippin.