 | University of Virginia record February 15, 1915 |  |
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE.
EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D.C.L., LL.D.
PRESIDENT
RICHARD HENRY WHITEHEAD, A.B., M.D., LL.D.
DEAN
JOHN STAIGE DAVIS, M.A., M.D.
PROFESSOR OF PRACTICE OF MEDICINE
WILLIAM ALEXANDER LAMBETH, M.D., Ph.D.
PROFESSOR OF HYGIENE
RICHARD HENRY WHITEHEAD, A.M., M.D., LL.D.
PROFESSOR OF ANATOMY
WILLIAM DOUGLAS MACON, A.B., M.D.
PROFESSOR OF OBSTETRICS
THEODORE HOUGH, A.B., Ph.D.
PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGY
STEPHEN HURT WATTS, M.A., M.D.
PROFESSOR OF SURGERY AND GYNECOLOGY
HALSTEAD SHIPMAN HEDGES, M.A., M.D.
PROFESSOR OF DISEASES OF THE EYE
HARRY TAYLOR MARSHALL, A.B., M.D.
WALTER REED PROFESSOR OF PATHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGIST TO THE
UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
ROBERT FRENCH COMPTON, M.D.
PROFESSOR OF DISEASES OF THE EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT
JAMES CARROLL FLIPPIN, M.D.
PROFESSOR OF CLINICAL MEDICINE AND UNIVERSITY PHYSICIAN
HARVEY ERNEST JORDAN, M.A., Ph.D.
PROFESSOR OF HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY
GRAHAM EDGAR, B.S., Ph.D.
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY
WILLIAM HALL GOODWIN, B.A., M.D.
ADJUNCT PROFESSOR OF SURGERY AND GYNECOLOGY
JAMES ALEXANDER WADDELL, B.A., M.D.
ADJUNCT PROFESSOR OF PHARMACOLOGY, MATERIA MEDICA, AND TOXICOLOGY
JOHN HENRY NEFF, B.A., M.D.
INSTRUCTOR IN SURGERY AND RESIDENT SURGEON
STERLING HENRY DIGGS, M.S., Ph.D.
INSTRUCTOR IN CHEMISTRY
THADDEUS BENJAMIN REEVES, B.S., M.D.
INSTRUCTOR IN ANATOMY
PERCY ELISHA DUGGINS, M.D.
INSTRUCTOR IN MEDICINE
HUNTER SAMUEL WOODBERRY, B.A., M.D.
INSTRUCTOR IN SURGERY AND ASSISTANT RESIDENT SURGEON
RICHARD WINGFIELD GARNETT, M.D.
CHIEF OF DISPENSARY AND INSTRUCTOR IN SOCIAL MEDICINE
EDWARD MAY MAGRUDER, M.D.
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR IN MEDICINE
HUGH THOMAS NELSON, M.D.
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR IN MEDICINE
MONTE LEWIS REA, M.D.
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR IN PEDIATRICS AND DERMATOLOGY
HENRY GOOCH HAMMOND, M.D.
INTERNE IN THE HOSPITAL
SAMUEL SAUNDERS
INTERNE IN THE HOSPITAL
IVISON BOYD RIDGWAY, B.S., M.D.
INTERNE IN THE HOSPITAL
HARRY HOWARD VARNER, B.S., M.D.
INTERNE IN THE HOSPITAL
JOSEPH LEE WRIGHT, M.D.
INTERNE IN THE HOSPITAL
HERBERT FERDINAND JACKSON, B.Ped., M.D.
ASSISTANT IN PATHOLOGY
EUGENE NEFF, B.A.
ASSISTANT IN PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
JAMES ARTHUR KEIGER, B.A.
ASSISTANT IN PATHOLOGY
JOHN HUGHES DUNNINGTON, B.A.
ASSISTANT IN MATERIA MEDICA AND TOXICOLOGY
WILLIAM DULANEY ANDERSON
STUDENT ASSISTANT IN HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY
CLAUDE MOORE
STUDENT ASSISTANT IN PATHOLOGY
HENRY TRAUTMANN
STUDENT ASSISTANT IN PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
GEORGE PALMER McNEILL, JR.
STUDENT ASSISTANT IN PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
For information as to lodgings, board, expenses, etc., and for
catalogues and other printed literature, address the Registrar.
For other information address the Dean of the Department of
Medicine.
Requirements for Admission to the Department of Medicine.—
Applicants for admission to the Department of Medicine are required to
present the diploma of a recognized institution of collegiate rank; or a
certificate of good standing in such an institution; or the diploma of a
recognized public or private high school having a four years' course, or
acceptable certificates which represent work equivalent in amount and
character to such a high-school course; and, in addition, to present
evidence of the completion of at least one year's work in Inorganic
(General) Chemistry, Physics, and Biology, at an approved institution of
collegiate rank. Candidates for admission will be required also to present
satisfactory evidence of a reading knowledge of at least one modern
language besides English, preferably German; this requirement may be
satisfied either by the presentation of certificates showing the completion
of one year of college work following upon two years of high-school work
in the same language or by an examination which will test the candidate's
reading knowledge of the language.
The completion of a year's work in Zoölogy or Botany will be accepted
as satisfying the requirements in Biology.
A student may be admitted conditioned on any one of the above subjects
except Chemistry, this condition to be removed before entering on
the work of the second year.
The requirement in Biology may be waived in the case of graduates
of approved colleges and universities.
The number of students in the first-year class is limited to thirty-six.
Further information concerning the character of these requirements
and forms for certificates may be obtained by addressing the Dean of the
Department of Medicine, or Mr. Howard Winston, Registrar, at the
University.
Facilities for and Methods of Instruction.—In recent years many
additions have been made to the laboratory facilities of the Department,
so that there are now well-equipped laboratories for the study of Organic
and Physiological Chemistry, Gross Anatomy, Histology and Embryology,
Bacteriology and Pathology, Physiology, Pharmacology, Materia Medica,
and Clinical Diagnosis. These laboratories are all presided over by trained
teachers, to whom teaching and investigation are primary considerations.
and affords ample time for thorough study of the best methods. The
student is brought into close contact with teachers who are both willing
and able to guide him; he gains a very large part of his knowledge at
first hand and by his own exertions, and thus acquires the habit of working
out things for himself; he becomes self-reliant, a quality essential to the
practice of his difficult profession. Trained in this manner he acquires
an understanding of the medical sciences and the ability to apply the
facts of these sciences to the subsequent study of disease. For these
reasons the great fundamental sciences receive the utmost consideration,
constituting the entire work of the first two years.
The methods of clinical instruction are based upon the belief that no
clinical teaching is efficient which is not governed by essentially the same
principles as those which govern the best laboratory teaching. This
instruction is accordingly designed to enforce with the individual student
a careful, thorough, face-to-face study of disease and its management.
The facilities afforded by the University Hospital and Dispensary are
described on a subsequent page. After two sessions devoted to laboratory
training, the student is introduced, in the third year, to the study of
disease in living persons. In the dispensary and in the hospital he learns
the methods of examining patients, of diagnosing their diseases, and of
instituting rational treatment; and he learns these things in much the
same way as he studied in the laboratory, that is to say, by doing them
himself under the direction and criticism of the instructors. This practical
training is accompanied by a systematic study of the various subjects by
means of lectures, text-books, and recitations. With this preparation the
student is ready to enter upon the hospital work in his fourth year. Here
he has advantages for clinical training similar to those enjoyed by internes.
Each clinical patient on admission to the hospital is assigned
to a student, and that patient is regarded as his "case." The student
conducts a complete examination, records his observations in a scientific
manner, makes a diagnosis, states his view as to the treatment indicated,
and keeps a complete record of the case, all under the advice and criticism
of the physician or surgeon in charge. He is expected to keep himself
informed of the progress of the case throughout its course; if it is one
requiring surgical treatment, he assists at the operation, and thus is able
to follow all the procedures of the operator at close range. In addition,
students make frequent visits to the wards with the attending physicians
and surgeons, during which visits the nature, treatment, and progress of
various cases are gone over in detail. To carry out this method of clinical
instruction the hospital had last year over 2,100 cases. Since the number
of students in each class is relatively small, it is clear that the Department
offers capable young men clinical advantages which are distinctly
exceptional.
Opportunities are offered in the third and fourth years for more
extended training in certain subjects with a view toward possible specialization
after graduation.
At the meetings of the Medical Section of the Philosophical Society
reviews of important articles and results of original research are presented
by the instructors and by invited guests. These meetings are open to the
students.
Regulations.—The records given after the regular examination on a
course, with their explanations, are as follows:
Passed indicates the satisfactory completion of the course and admits
to all dependent subjects.
Conditioned means that to obtain a clear record on the course the
student must pass the next examination. Failure to take or to pass this
examination is equivalent to a record of "failed." The record "conditioned"
is not given in fourth-year subjects, except in case of illness or other
equivalent cause approved by the faculty.
Deficient indicates that part of the work of the course has not been
completed. Upon the satisfactory completion of this work within the
time and in the manner prescribed by the professor in charge the student
receives the record "passed"; otherwise the record is "failed" on the
entire course.
Failed indicates that the course must be repeated; except that when
the laboratory or other practical work has been satisfactorily performed,
the professor in charge may, at his discretion, excuse the student from
repeating the same; and, by special vote of the faculty, the student may
be granted optional attendance upon the course, in whole or in part. In
general a student who is repeating a course will be required to attend all
the exercises of the course, and will not be excused from any exercise
thereof because of schedule conflicts with more advanced work.
Absence from a regular examination, when excused because of illness
or other equivalent cause, gives a record of conditioned; if not excused,
a record of failed.
To pass a regular or a special examination a grade of eighty per cent.
is required. If the grade is less than eighty per cent. but not less than
seventy per cent., the student is entitled to the record conditioned; but
the record "conditioned" is not given in fourth-year subjects, except under
the conditions noted above.
No student will be admitted to any subject of the second or the
third year (save by the consent of the Dean and the professors concerned),
if more than one-third of the work of the preceding year remains unfinished.
If at the beginning of the year his deficiencies have not been
made up by the satisfactory completion of courses at some school approved
student in the Department of Medicine only by repeating the courses in
which he has failed. In the interpretation of this rule the values of the
subjects of the first and second years are estimated in points as follows:
Anatomy 1, 16 points; Anatomy 2, 5 points; Organic Chemistry, 15
points; Histology, 14 points; Embryology, 6 points; Physiological
Chemistry, 8 points.
Anatomy 3, 16 points; Physiology, 20 points; Bacteriology, 8 points;
Pathology, 20 points; Pharmacology, 8 points.
Whenever in the judgment of the faculty a student is receiving too
many records below the grade of "Passed," the faculty may prescribe
special conditions upon which the student may remain in the Department
of Medicine, or may require his withdrawal therefrom.
Students will not be allowed to undertake the work of the third or
fourth year until they have completed that of the first year, save by
special consent of the Medical Faculty.
A student may not take any course, either in whole or in part (as
explained under the above definition of "failed") more than two times.
A second record of "failed" on the same course involves withdrawal from
the Department of Medicine.
Candidates for the degree of Doctor of Medicine, who have less than
one full year's course to complete, may be required to take such additional
work and to pass such additional examinations as the Medical Faculty
may prescribe. This additional work may be selected from any of the
courses given in the Department of Medicine, even when such prescribed
courses have previously been taken and passed by the candidate in
question.
Advanced Standing.—Students are admitted to advanced standing in
the second and third years under the following conditions:
1. Satisfaction of the requirements for entrance into this department.
2. The presentation of a certificate from an accredited school of
medicine showing that the applicant has completed work equivalent to
that maintained by this department in each subject for which credit is
sought. Applicants complying with these conditions will be admitted to
advanced standing without examination. Applicants who have not completed
all of the work of the year or years preceding that to which they
seek admission are admitted to the Fall Examinations under the conditions
stated in the subsequent paragraph on Examinations. The right is reserved
in every case to obtain satisfactory evidence of the genuineness of a
certificate by correspondence with the proper authority of the school from
which the applicant comes.
Certificates of Attendance.—Students who attend the whole regular
course of one or more of the four years are entitled to certificates of
attendance.
Requirements for Graduation.—The degree of Doctor of Medicine is
conferred by the University of Virginia upon candidates who have complied
with the entrance requirements of this department; attended a regular
medical course of four years of at least eight months each, the last two
of which must have been at this institution; and have satisfactorily completed
all of the subjects included in the medical course.
Examinations.—These are in writing, accompanied in many subjects
by individual practical examinations. The regular examinations are held
at stated periods during the session. In addition, examinations are held
each year during the week immediately preceding the beginning of lectures.
To the latter are admitted:
1. Students of the previous session who, from illness or other
equivalent cause approved by the faculty, were unable to present themselves
for examination in any particular subject at the regular time.
2. Students who at the regular examination in any first, second, or
third year subject of the preceding session have attained a grade less than
eighty per cent., but as much as seventy per cent. on one or more subjects,
as explained in a preceding paragraph; or any student who has received
the record of "conditioned" on a course taken in this university.
3. Certain applicants for advanced standing, who satisfy the requirements
stated under "Advanced Standing," and meet the above conditions
of this section.
The Fall Examinations for 1915-1916 begin September thirteenth and
close September eighteenth. Students entitled to admission to these
examinations will be informed of the date of examination by the Dean.
Expenses.—The tuition fees for students entering the Department of
Medicine prior to September, 1912, are $110 for the first year, $100 for
the second year, $80 for the third year, and $60 for the fourth year.
For students entering after September 1, 1912, the tuition fee for each
year is $100.
The annual expenses exclusive of tuition are $40 for the University
fee (which entitles the student to the use of the library, the gymnasium,
to medical attention, etc.), an average of about $265 for living expenses,
and $30 for books.
In the courses in Organic and Physiological Chemistry a deposit of
$10 is required to cover cost of breakage.
The William A. Herndon Scholarships are founded upon the bequest
of Dr. Cumberland George Herndon, a graduate in medicine of this
university. They are awarded by the Medical Faculty after a competitive
examination held during the summer vacation preceding enrollment as a
student in the Medical Department. Candidates must be unable to defray
the expenses of their medical education and must signify their intention
of entering the medical service of the army or navy of the United States.
These scholarships provide for the necessary expenses of the student during
the entire four years of his medical course and are awarded whenever
there is a vacny. One will be awarded in September, 1917. For
information as to the examinations and other requirements, address the
Den of the Department of Medicine.
COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.
In the following description of courses, the number of hours represents
the amount of time each student devotes to the course. In addition to
the hours scheduled in the third and fourth years of the course, each
student devotes a considerable amount of time to practical work which
does not appear in the schedule, but the satisfactory performance of
which is essential to graduation. Thus the taking of histories, the visits
to his cases in the hospital, assisting at operations, attendance upon cases
of labour, the employment of microscopical and chemical methods of
diagnosis in the hospital, require much time which it has not seemed
possible to record in a rigid schedule. It should, however, be stated that
each student in the fourth year gives at least two hundred hours to this
required but unscheduled practical work.
The session, exclusive of the time devoted to examination, is divided
into a fall term of twelve weeks, a winter term of ten weeks, and a
spring term of ten weeks.
FIRST YEAR.
Anatomy 1.—Six hours weekly until November 1st; twelve hours
weekly from November 1st to the end of the winter term. This course
begins with a systematic study of the bones, on the completion of which
a part (either the head and neck with the upper extremity and thorax,
or the lower extremity and abdomen) is assigned to each student for
dissection and study; for this purpose each cadaver is considered as
composed of four parts. On the completion of this course and Anatomy 3
each student has dissected a lateral half of the body. Emphasis is
placed upon the benefit to be derived by the student who obtains his
knowledge at first hand and by his own personal efforts. While practical
dissection and the consideration of topographical relations make up the
essential features of the course, there are occasional lectures and frequent
recitations, followed by a final written examination in March. The satisfactory
performance of the laboratory work is essential to a passing grade.
Dr. Whitehead.
Anatomy 2.—Six hours weekly during the spring term. This course
consists in a laboratory study of the anatomy of the central nervous
system carried out in considerable detail. The gross anatomy of the spinal
cord and brain is first considered, on the completion of which sections of
the more important regions are studied carefully with the aid of the
microscope. For the purposes of the course the laboratory is well
equipped. Fresh brains are obtained each year from the dissecting material
of the department; and several excellent series of sections of the cord
are thoroughly used. The laboratory work is supplemented by recitations
and occasional lectures. Dr. Whitehead.
Histology.—Three lectures or recitations and nine hours of laboratory
work weekly during the fall and winter terms. The student's record in
the course will depend upon his recitations, laboratory drawing books,
and final examinations, both written and practical. The course aims to
acquaint the student primarily with the microscopic structure of cells,
tissues, and organs. Cytogenesis and histogenesis are briefly considered
in the case of many tissues studied; and the relation of the whole subject
of histology to pathology is never lost sight of. The student is also given
opportunity to acquaint himself with the principles and practice of
histological technique. The laboratory is excellently equipped with
microscopes, paraffin baths, microtomes, a micropolariscope, a projectoscope
and other accessories essential to the most favorable presentation of this
course.
A record of seventy per cent. in this course is required for admission
to Physiology, and of eighty per cent. for admission to Pathology.
Dr. Jordan and Mr. Anderson.
Embryology.—Nine hours weekly during the spring term. The laboratory
work (six hours weekly) is accompanied by lectures, recitations, and
the study of models and text-books. The course aims to give the student
a knowledge of developmental processes, in the light of which he may
the better understand the more abstruse normal conditions of adult
anatomy, as well as many anomalies and variations, neoplasms and malformations.
The close correlation of obstetrics is recognized, and a correct
knowledge of the fetus and its membranes is taught from the embryological
approach. The course is made as practical as possible for the student and
practitioner of medicine. It begins with a consideration of maturation
phenomena, fertilization, segmentation, and the development of the germ-layers.
This study is made chiefly upon the ova and early stages of an
invertebrate, followed by a comparison in an amphibian. The chick is
used for the primary relations of the systems to one another; and this
is followed by the study of pig embryos, where each system is taken up
separately and the organology and histogenesis of its parts are studied.
Finally, the fetal membranes and their relations to the fetus and uterus
are studied in their variations among the amniota. Dr. Jordan and
Mr. Anderson.
Organic Chemistry.—Lectures and recitations three hours weekly,
laboratory work six hours weekly, during the fall and winter terms. This
course includes the systematic study of organic chemistry or the chemistry
of the compounds of carbon, with special reference to substances of importance
in their relation to medicine. The object of this course of study
and with the methods at present employed in chemical synthesis and to
lay the foundation for subsequent work in Physiological Chemistry,
Pharmacology, etc., etc.
A record of seventy per cent. on this course is required for admission
to Physiological Chemistry. Dr. Edgar and Dr. Diggs.
Physiological Chemistry.—Three lectures, three recitations and nine
hours of laboratory work weekly during the spring term. This course has
for its object to afford instruction in the fundamentals of physiological
chemistry, especially the chemical structure, properties, and reactions of
the most important compounds with which the student must deal in his
subsequent studies of physiology. The laboratory work, for which ample
facilities are provided, consists of the thorough study of the properties
of the carbohydrates, fats, soaps, fatty acids, and proteins, and of the
more important members of each of these groups; the composition of
blood, milk, muscle, pancreas, and other organs; the action of the more
important digestive enzymes and of the bile; and the chemistry of the
urine. Accurate quantitative determinations are required of urea (Folin),
total nitrogen (Kjeldahl), uric acid (Hopkins-Folin), ammonia (Folin),
sugar (Fehling and Benedict), and kreatinin (Folin). Other processes of
quantitative analysis, such as the Soxhlet method of fat determination and
the silver nitrate method of determining the total purins, are either
demonstrated or their essential manipulations carried out by the student
himself. The exceptional preparation of students not only in general but
also in organic chemistry makes it possible to acquire in this course both
a clear understanding of the problems of physiological chemistry, and also
skill in the use of the fundamental qualitative and quantitative methods.
A grade of seventy per cent. on this course is required for admission
to Physiology. Dr. Hough, Dr. Edgar, and Dr. Diggs.
SECOND YEAR.
Anatomy 3.—Ten hours weekly from October 1st through the fall and
winter terms. This course is the continuation of Anatomy 1, and consists
of the systematic dissection and study, by essentially the same methods,
of the parts not studied during the first year. Dr. Reeves.
Physiology.—Four hours weekly of lectures, recitations and demonstrations
throughout the year; six hours weekly of laboratory work in the
fall and winter terms. The physiology of muscle and nerve; blood and
lymph; the circulation; respiration; secretion; digestion and nutrition;
excretion: the sense organs; and the central nervous system. The
laboratory is equipped with kymographs, induction coils, signals, muscle
and heart levers, tambours, manometers, apparatus for gas analysis, etc.,
closely follows the lectures and is an integral part of the study of each
subject. The student becomes practically acquainted with the methods
of modern physiological investigation and is required to hand in tracings
or other records together with full description of his experiments. The
satisfactory completion of the laboratory work is necessary to a clear
record on the course, as is the passing of the final examinations.
Open only to students who have obtained a grade of seventy per cent.
in Histology and in Physiological Chemistry. The satisfactory completion
of the laboratory work of this course is necessary for admission to
Pharmacology. Dr. Hough, Mr. Neef, Mr. Trautmann, and Mr. McNeill.
Bacteriology and Pathology.—Thirteen hours weekly throughout the
year, and two additional hours a week in the third term.
In Bacteriology the student is taught to prepare culture media and
to employ the usual methods necessary for the isolation and identification
of bacteria, and he studies the microörganisms concerned in the common
bacterial diseases.
After a few days have been spent in making culture media, sterilization,
etc., the general technique is learned by isolating the bacteria
from the air, soil, water and milk, and from exposed body surfaces.
Bacterial counts are made from water and milk. Following this, the
pathogenic bacteria are taken up serially. Those receiving special attention
are the bacteria concerned in wound infections, in respiratory and intestinal
diseases, and in tuberculosis. At intervals mixed cultures are given out
to the class and the students are required to isolate and identify the
bacteria in the mixtures.
Experimental work upon infection and immunity accompanies the
course in Bacteriology and Pathology. The students inoculate animals
with certain pathogenic bacteria and report to the class upon the course
of disease resulting from the inoculation. In fatal cases the students
perform autopsies upon the experimental animals and attempt to recover
the bacteria in cultures. Sections are made from the organs of the
animals which succumb to inoculation and are studied by the students.
Groups of students prepare vaccines and immunize animals. The
serum of these animals is employed by the class in studying the technique
of the more important immunity reactions. In this way the work in
Bacteriology is integrally combined with the work in Pathology, the two
courses overlapping.
The lectures and quizzes which accompany the laboratory work are
designed to set forth clearly the relations existing between bacteria and
disease and to give a knowledge of the fundamental facts and theories of
immunity and of the important principles of preventive medicine.
The course in Pathology extends from January to June. The greater
part of the practical work is devoted to the study of the microscopic
changes occurring in disease. This is supplemented by the study of
autopsy material and museum specimens. Selected types of diseases are
studied experimentally. The practical work includes the consideration
of the vascular disturbances, degeneration, inflammation, regeneration,
and of benign and malignant tumors. The diseases produced by animal
parasites are considered briefly. During the course the student has an
opportunity to learn the standard methods employed in preparing tissues
for examination, and he is called upon to witness and assist in the
autopsies.
Both in Bacteriology and Pathology frequent recitations are held and
the standing of the student is determined largely upon these and from the
character of his daily practical work.
In addition to the regular course outlined above, opportunity is
afforded for qualified students and doctors to engage in advanced work.
A special room is reserved for this purpose.
The work in Pathology is open only to students who have obtained
a record of eighty per cent. in Histology. Dr. Marshall, Dr. Jackson,
Mr. Moore, and Mr. Keiger.
Pharmacology.—Five hours of lectures, recitations, and demonstrations
and six hours of laboratory work during the third term. In this course a
study is made of the chemical characteristics and physiological action of
representative drugs from the different pharmacological groups. The satisfactory
completion of the laboratory work of Physiology is required for
admission to the course. Dr. Waddell, Mr. Neff, Mr. Trautmann, and
Mr. McNeill.
Journals.—In connection with the work in Physiology, Pathology, and
Pharmacology the second-year students meet with their instructors for
one hour each week from the first of December to the end of the session
for reports and discussion of the current literature of the above sciences.
Three reports are made at each meeting by the students.
Physical Diagnosis.—Four hours weekly during the spring term.
Instruction is given in the principles and methods of physical examination.
Attention is especially given to study of the normal subject. Dr. Flippin.
THIRD YEAR.
Materia Medica.—Three hours of lectures and recitations and four
hours of laboratory work weekly during the first half of the third year.
The more important drugs and preparation of the Pharmacopeia, together
with newer non-official remedies which bid fair to attain or have attained
becomes familiar with the peculiarities and methods of preparation of
the different preparations of the Pharmacopeia, as well as with the
solubilities and other characteristics of the more important drugs.
Especial attention is paid to chemical and pharmaceutical incompatibility.
Prescription writing is dealt with by lecture and frequent practical exercises.
Dr. Waddell and Mr. Dunnington.
Toxicology.—Three hours of lectures and recitation and three hours of
laboratory work weekly during the last half of the second term.
This course is to a considerable extent a review of the pharmacological
actions of poisons and their antagonists. The treatment of poisoning is
dealt with in detail. Some attention is given to the methods of separation
and identification. Dr. Waddell and Mr. Dunnington.
Clinical Diagnosis.—Six hours weekly during the fall and winter
terms. In this course the student is made familiar with those modern
laboratory methods which are practically helpful in the diagnosis of
disease. These include, among others, the systematic examination of
blood, sputum, urine, gastric contents, feces, exudates, transudates, and
milk. The student is not only required to understand the methods employed
in such examinations, but by practice to acquire the skill necessary
for accurate results. The instruction is given in the Clinical Laboratory,
situated in the north wing of the hospital. This laboratory is well equipped
with instruments and apparatus, and the wards of the Hospital furnish
ample material for the proper presentation of the subject. Dr. Flippin
and Dr. Duggins.
Theory and Practice of Medicine.—Three hours weekly of lectures and
recitations throughout the year; nine hours weekly in the clinics for one-half
the session. A systematic course of lectures, supplemented by work
in the dispensary and hospital. The class is divided into two sections,
each of which devotes itself for half the year to the medical service in the
dispensary and also twice a week receives instruction on selected cases
in the wards of the hospital. There is a general medical clinic once a
week in the hospital amphitheater for the third- and fourth-year students.
Dr. Davis, Dr. Flippin, Dr. Magruder, and Dr. Nelson.
Surgery and Gynecology.—Five hours weekly of lectures and recitations,
and two hours weekly of surgical clinic throughout the session, with
six hours weekly in the dispensary for one-half the session.
The study of Surgery begins in the third year and continues through
the fourth year. In the third year the classroom work consists of lectures
and recitations, as arranged in the schedule, in which the Principles and
Practice of Surgery, Surgical Diseases, Surgical Diagnosis, etc., are
Genito-urinary Surgery, etc.
The dispensary course in the third year gives opportunities for
diagnosis and treatment of clinical cases under close personal supervision.
Experience in dressings, bandaging, anesthesia, and minor surgery is
afforded. Surgical appliances and technique are demonstrated to the
students, divided into small groups.
The work in Gynecology follows closely the outlines already described
for surgery. The general principles of gynecology are taken up in lectures
and recitations. In addition, the dispensary affords practice in palpation,
diagnosis, and treatment. Dr. Watts and Dr. Goodwin.
Obstetrics.—Three hours weekly of lectures, recitations, and manikin
demonstrations during the year, supplemented by work with living subjects
in the wards of the hospital.
The class is divided into sections of five for manikin instruction and
for examination of patients in the hospital. The manikin course forms
an important part of the work, not only for teaching presentation, position,
and posture, but also the mechanism of normal and abnormal labor and
the application of forceps. When the section is taken into the wards of the
hospital, the methods of examination, particularly abdominal palpation,
are practiced on the living subject. Dr. Macon.
FOURTH YEAR.
Theory and Practice of Medicine.—The same plan is followed in the
clinical work as that already described for the third year, each of the two
sections of the class devoting itself for half the year to the medical service
in the wards of the hospital. Full histories are taken of every case,
thorough examinations made, and management indicated by the students
of each division. The records thus obtained are kept up by the student
assigned to the case, which he is expected to follow until its discharge.
The accuracy and completeness with which this is done constitutes a large
element in the determination of fitness for graduation.
The subjects treated with the approximate division of time between
them are as follows:
Nervous Diseases and Insanity.—Three lectures and recitations
weekly supplemented by clinical work during the fall term. In this course
is given also instruction in electro-therapeutics. Dr. Davis.
Pediatrics.—Three lectures and recitations weekly supplemented by
clinical work during the winter term. This course of lectures is intended
to point out in a brief way how disease is modified by childhood and to
indicate how the difficulties of diagnosis and treatment due to early age
and the student is taught how to prepare the food. Instruction in the
practical details of the subject is given by the work at the dispensary
and in the wards of the hospital. Dr. Davis and Dr. Rea.
Dermatology.—A brief course of lectures is given on this subject
embodying a consideration of the commoner disease met with in medical
practice. After a brief review of the anatomic and histologic structure
and of the physiology of the skin, the diseases most commonly met with
are discussed.
The clinical material available at the University Dispensary is utilized
to the best advantage to give the students a practical working knowledge
of the diagnosis and treatment of affections of the skin. Dr. Davis and
Dr. Rea.
Case Teaching, Medical Ethics and Economics, and Insurance
Examinations.—Two hours weekly during the spring term. Dr. Davis.
Therapeutics.—Two lectures weekly during the fall and winter terms,
with five hours weekly of ward rounds for one-half the session.
The treatment of internal diseases is discussed in a systematic course
of lectures and practically demonstrated in the wards of the hospital.
Especial attention is given to the clinical side of the teaching of this
subject, the student being required to suggest treatment for cases assigned
to him and to follow closely and make a record of the results of the
therapeutic agents employed throughout the course of the disease.
The course includes a discussion of the preparation of food for the
sick; demonstrations of the preparation of stupes, plasters, and poultices;
and the methods of giving therapeutic baths, electrical treatment, massage,
and other therapeutic measures. Dr. Flippin.
Surgery and Gynecology.—Two hours weekly of surgical clinic
throughout the session; three hours weekly of ward classes, supplemented
by clinical work in the wards and operating room for one-half the session
with each of the two sections of the class.
Instruction in Surgery is carried on by clinics and beside demonstrations
in the hospital. In the wards the students are assigned cases,
whose histories they must take, make complete physical and clinical
examinations, urine analyses, blood examinations, etc. In the ward
rounds the diagnosis, operative and other treatment, post-operative care
of the cases, complication, prognosis, etc., are discussed in detail. A large
variety of cases is available, and the close contact of the students with
their cases and with the routine of hospital management offer many of
the opportunities that an internship affords.
In the operating rooms the students, in small groups, take part in the
operations, thus acquiring familiarity with technique, anesthetization, etc.
Those of the class who are not assisting, witness the operations, whose
important features are demonstrated to them.
In gynecology the students have the same general work as in surgery,
consisting of the examination and recording the cases in the public wards,
attendance on ward rounds, at which the cases are discussed, and observation
and assistance in the operating rooms. Dr. Watts and Dr. Goodwin.
In addition to the above course, required of all students, the following
elective course is offered in the Department of Surgery.
Surgical Pathology.—Two hours weekly during one-half of the year.
The work in this course comprises lectures upon the pathology of surgical
lesions, with especial emphasis upon the clinical diagnosis of tumors and
inflammations, the examination of microscopic sections, and the study of
fresh tissues in the gross, obtained from the operating room. The purpose
of the course is to supplement the general courses in pathology and
surgery, and to acquaint the student with the appearance of fresh
pathological material from surgical cases. Dr. Goodwin.
Obstetrics.—The student attends, under the guidance of an instructor,
the labour cases in the hospital, is required to prepare the history of
patients, and to follow up the cases through the puerperium. Instruction
is also given in the care of the new born. In addition the student has
the opportunity of attending patients in the out-patient department and
each student is expected to attend at least six cases of labour. Dr. Macon.
Forensic Medicine.—One lecture weekly during one term of the fourth
year. Dr. Waddell.
Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat.—Two lectures weekly
from the beginning of the session to the first of March, supplemented by
regular clinics twice weekly throughout the year and clinical lectures to
sections of the class as suitable cases occur.
No attempt is made to train specialists, but every effort is made to
render the class familiar with such common diseases of the eye, ear,
nose, and throat as the general practitioner meets in his daily work. To
this end the class is divided into small sections and each student is taught
the methods of examination and the use of the ophthalmoscope, head-mirror,
and of the laryngeal and post-nasal mirrors. In the clinics each
patient is assigned to a student who must take the history and keep the
record of that patient; the case is then demonstrated by the professor in
charge, and, if possible, each student makes his own examination under the
personal supervision of the attending physician. Clinical cases are
abundant, and during the year the student sees and handles practically all
the common diseases of the eye, ear, and upper respiratory tract.
At the operations in the hospital only as many students are allowed
to be present as can really see and appreciate what is being done.
Valuable work is also given in the dissecting room, where the technic
of operative work is shown in a way that can not be employed with the
living patient. Students do this work as far as possible for themselves.
especially in tracheotomy and intubation of the larynx.
Finally the attempt is made so to ground the student in the anatomy,
physiology, general pathology, and in methods of examination and treatment
that he may diagnose and treat intelligently many of the cases that
can not afford to go to a perhaps distant specialist; that he may treat
successfully that large class of emergency cases that first come to the
general practitioner and in which immediate treatment is imperative;
and, lastly, that he may recognize and intelligently refer those cases that
need the services of one specially trained to this branch of work.
Dr. Hedges and Dr. Compton.
Hygiene.—Three hours weekly throughout the year.
The course begins with a historical sketch of the development of
preventive medicine, including short biographical sketches of the pioneers
of Hygiene. With this introduction the story of the natural history of
contagious and infectious diseases, modes of propagation and methods of
prevention engage the attention of the student. With this preparation,
the chemical and bacteriological contamination of food, water, air, and
soil is made an important study. Instruction is also begun in the proper
location and construction of habitations, hospitals, schoolhouses, etc., with
special reference to the modern methods of heating, ventilating, and
draining. Notice is taken of the special relations involved in military and
naval hygiene. Dr. Lambeth.
FACILITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH.
The Department of Medicine not only fosters in its methods of
instruction the inductive study by the student himself of the phenomena
presented by the human body in health and disease, but also encourages
the spirit of investigation of unsolved problems of medical science and
practice on the part of the instructors and students. During the past few
years there have appeared annually a number of papers from its laboratories
embodying the results of such investigations, and it is the policy
of the department to enlarge this feature of its work in the future.
Students are encouraged to engage in research as they are prepared for it,
usually assisting an instructor in some special study or else conducting
the research under his guidance and advice. For this purpose the scientific
and clinical laboratories offer the necessary facilities and heads of departments
will always be glad to suggest and outline problems for investigation
by any medical student or by others possessing the necessary training
therefor.
THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HOSPITAL.
This hospital is the property of the University, and is under the
exclusive control of its Medical Faculty. It was designed and is administered
as a teaching hospital, being so arranged that free use can be
made of its clinical material without in any way disturbing or violating
the privacy of other patients.
The buildings are arranged upon the pavilion system, consisting of
a central structure, four stories in height, devoted to the purposes of
administration, and two wings. The administration building contains, on
the main floor, reception and consultation rooms, an amphitheater and
private operating rooms, with sterilizing and anesthetizing rooms attached,
and an X-ray room. The upper floors furnish accommodation for the
nurses of the training school, while the basement contains the heating
plant, laundry, kitchen, etc. From this building corridors in three stories
lead out to the wards. These wards, having a capacity of about eighteen
beds each, are beautifully lighted, have direct indirect hot-water radiators,
and forced ventilation. Opening from each ward on the east is a large
protected porch, of great value to convalescents. The south wing has been
in use for several years; the new north wing, completed in 1907, gives the
hospital a capacity of about 100 beds, 80 of these being in the public
wards. The equipment throughout is new, and conforms in all respects
to the best usage of the day.
Attention is particularly called to the fact that the hospital, with
its associated dispensary, constitutes a valuable adjunct to the teaching
facilities of the Medical School. The variety of cases presented, and more
especially the opportunities offered for a thorough study of the individual
case, afford unusually satisfactory conditions for clinical instruction.
HOSPITAL STAFF.
Hospital Board: Drs. Whitehead, Davis, Watts, Hedges, Macon,
Marshall, Compton, Flippin, Goodwin.
Visiting Staff: The visiting staff consists of the Hospital Board and
the Clinical Instructors in the Dispensary.
Director of the Hospital: Dr. Watts.
House Surgeon: Dr. Neff.
Assistant House Surgeon and Roentgenologist: Dr. Woodberry.
Internes: Drs. Hammond, Ridgway, Varner, and Wright, Mr.
Saunders.
Acting Superintendent of Nurses: Miss T. S. Grier.
Assistant Superintendent: Miss M. L. Hamner.
Night Superintendent: Miss Clarissa Canfield.
In Charge of Operating Room: Miss Lena Burke.
Dietetic Nurse: Mrs. G. G. Montague.
Pathologists: Dr. Marshall and Dr. Jackson.
THE DISPENSARY.
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS.
Dr. Garnett, Chief of Dispensary.
Dr. Flippin.
Dr. Magruder.
Dr. Hedges.
Dr. Davis.
Dr. Compton.
Dr. Goodwin.
Dr. Rea.
Dr. Nelson.
During the summer of 1913 the dispensary building was remodelled
and the service reorganized. Separate waiting rooms for white and
colored patients have been provided and the floor space has been rearranged
to provide additional rooms for the different services and separate examination
rooms for male and female patients. The chief of dispensary is
present each afternoon during the regular hours to receive and properly
refer patients and to arrange for the work of the students. The students
are divided into sections and are required to examine, record, treat, and
follow each case that comes to the clinic. The work is done under the
close personal supervision of the clinical instructors. Each third-year
student attends the medical and surgical clinics every Monday, Wednesday,
and Friday afternoons, and each fourth-year student the eye, ear, nose, and
throat clinics on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons throughout the session.
A nurse is detailed from the hospital each afternoon to be present at the
examination and treatment of patients, as required. The coöperation of
the District Nurse in Charlottesville has been secured and the dispensary
has in this way become an integral part of the charitable work of the
community.
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HOSPITAL TRAINING
SCHOOL FOR NURSES.
This school was established in 1901, and its first class was graduated
in June, 1903. Its aim is to give young women, desirous of acquiring the
art of nursing, the same care and thorough training in their calling which
is now afforded young men studying the science of medicine. Instruction
in the primary branches of medicine is given to pupil nurses by the Medical
Department of the University of Virginia, while the clinical instructors
at the University Hospital give lectures upon their respective courses.
Three years is the required time for graduation, and all candidates must
enter prepared to go through the full course of instruction and hospital
training.
Candidates for the school should apply in their own handwriting to
the Superintendent of Nurses, University Hospital, University, Va. These
applications must be accompanied by certificates of good character, good
health, and sufficient education to profit by the instruction offered. No
candidate under twenty-one years of age or over thirty-five will be received.
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE.
| Ashburn, Horace Godwin | South Norfolk, Va. |
| Barsby, John Edward | Chester, Pa. |
| Bigger, Isaac Alexander, Jr. | Rock Hill, S. C. |
| Carter, Jesse Garvin | Jackson, Miss. |
| B. S., Mississippi College, Miss. | |
| Copp, Francis Allen | Middleburg, Fla. |
| Cox, Reginald Francis | Alexandria, Va. |
| Decker, Henry Walker | Lahore, Va. |
| Faulkner, Donald MacKenzie | Boydton, Va. |
| B. A., University of Virginia. | |
| Fitz-Hugh, Thomas, Jr. | University, Va. |
| Gooch, Lewis Melvin | Paris, Texas |
| Hamblin, Donald Osborne | Jersey City, N. J. |
| Hawthorne, Allen Tupper | Avon, Va. |
| Hinton, James William | Reedville, Va. |
| Hipp, Edward Reginald | Newberry, S. C. |
| A. B., Newberry College, S. C. | |
| Hirst, Virginius Bitzer | Purcellville, Va. |
| Graduate Virginia Military Academy. | |
| Hollingsworth, Edward West | Bel Air, Md. |
| Howze, Charles Perry | Macon, Ala. |
| B. S., Marion Institute, Ala. | |
| Lightner, Gordon Hitt | Haymarket, Va. |
| McKinney, Samuel Averett | Lynchburg, Va. |
| Mackey, Roger David | Waverly, Pa. |
| Marable, James Edward | Newport News, Va. |
| O'Neill, John Brooks | New London, Conn. |
| Pagenstecher, Gustav Adolph | San Antonio, Texas |
| Pritchett, Harry Wooding | Danville, Va. |
| Reynolds, Roy Rex | Roanoke, Va. |
| Scully, Robert | New York, N. Y. |
| Setzler, George Breaker | Pomaria, S. C. |
| B. A., Newberry College, S. C. | |
| Stone, James Banister, Jr. | Hurt, Va. |
| Strange, William Wyatt | Huntington, W. Va. |
| Todd, Augustine Jaquelin | University, Va. |
| Tunstall, Cuthbert | Norfolk, Va. |
| B. A., University of Virginia. | |
| Turner, William Henry, Jr. | Afton, Va. |
| Waddell, William Wirt, Jr. | Charlottesville, Va. |
| Woodward, John Clinton | Charlottesville, Va. |
| Adams, Donald Stansbury | Indianapolis, Ind. |
| Amos, Chester Allen | Manassas, Va. |
| Anderson, Richard Dabney | Red Hill, Va. |
| Compton, Henry Tayloe | Baltimore, Md. |
| Eskew, Milner Hubbard | Selma, Ala. |
| M. S., Alabama Polytechnic Institute. | |
| Funsten, Robert Vivian | Boise, Idaho |
| Gearing, Frank Wilson | Woodstock, Va. |
| Gilmore, Goodlatte Browne | Hampton, Va. |
| Green, Berryman, Jr. | Theological Seminary, Va. |
| Griffith, Charles Manley, Jr. | Thomasville, N. C. |
| Grove, George Hedges | Hagerstown, Md. |
| Gwinn, George Emerson | Lowell, W. Va. |
| Howard, Kalford Wall | Portsmouth, Va. |
| B. S., University of Virginia. | |
| McCandlish, Howard Stringfellow | Washington, D. C. |
| McCoy, Haliburton | Asheville, N. C. |
| McIver, Monroe Anderson | Gulf, N. C. |
| A. B., University of North Carolina. | |
| McNeill, George Palmer, Jr. | University, Va. |
| Pott, Walter Graham Hawks | Shanghai, China |
| Rixey, William Walton | University, Va. |
| Romaine, Mason, Jr. | Petersburg, Va. |
| Vallett, Brice Sewell | New Castle, Del. |
| Wellford, Beverley Randolph, Jr. | Richmond, Va. |
| Whitlock, Simon Ben | Norfolk, Va. |
| Williams, Wesley Leighton | Norfolk, Va. |
| Barker, Reuben Allen | St. Louis, Mo. |
| Barnwell, John DuBose | Clemson, S. C. |
| B. A., University of Virginia. | |
| Biern, Oscar Bernard | Huntington, W. Va. |
| Broocks, Edward Ballard | Chase City, Va. |
| Faris, James Edge | Red Hill, Va. |
| Fetzer, Paul William | Reidsville, N. C. |
| Fite, William Patton | Muskogee, Okla. |
| B. A., University of Virginia. | |
| Greene, Douglas Grady | West Point, Miss. |
| Green, Joseph Hughes | Clifton Forge, Va. |
| A. B., Virginia Christian College. | |
| Hyde, LeRoy Walter | Plattsburg, N. Y. |
| Ph. G., Atlanta College of Pharmacy, Ga. | |
| Keiger, James Arthur | Tobaccoville, N. C. |
| B. A., University of North Carolina. | |
| McIlwaine, William Baird, III | Petersburg, Va. |
| B. A., Hampden-Sidney College, Va. | |
| Moore, Claude | Roanoke, Va. |
| Neff, Ezra Eugene | Chilhowie, Va. |
| B. A., Emory and Henry College, Va. | |
| Noehren, Arthur Gromann | Wayland, N. Y. |
| Graduate Princeton Theological Seminary, Pa. | |
| Pound, Robert Earl | Tupelo, Miss. |
| B. S., University of Mississippi. | |
| Scott, William Samuel | Fredericksburg, Va. |
| A. B., Fredericksburg College, Va. | |
| Smith, Dudley Crofford | University, Miss. |
| B. S., University of Mississippi. | |
| Tatum, Charles Robert | Orange, Va. |
| Trautmann, Henry | Sheboygan, Wis. |
| Trimble, Harry Evans | Summerton, S. C. |
| B. A., William and Mary College, Va. | |
| Vance, William Kirkpatrick, Jr. | Bristol, Tenn. |
| B. S., King College, Tenn. | |
| Warren, William Rice | University, Va. |
| A. B., Randolph-Macon College, Va. | |
| Whitmore, William Harvey | Lynchburg, Va. |
| Anderson, William Dulaney | Chattanooga, Tenn. |
| Chow, Ming-yu | Ningpo, China |
| Dale, John Richard, Jr. | Texarkana, Ark. |
| B. A., Washington and Lee University, Va. | |
| Dunnington, John Hughes | Farmville, Va. |
| B. A., Hampden-Sidney College, Va. | |
| Fitchett, Marion Stevenson | Cape Charles, Va. |
| Fowlkes, John Winston, Jr. | Sunnyside, Va. |
| Gage, Lucius Gaston | Chester, S. C. |
| B. A., Wofford College, S. C. | |
| Giddings, Charles Glenville, Jr. | Atlanta, Ga. |
| Gillespie, George Yancey, Jr. | Duck Hill, Miss. |
| B. S., University of Mississippi. | |
| Gordin, Archie Ewing | Jackson, Miss. |
| Grant, David Walker | Richmond, Va. |
| Haralson, Marion Flint | Forest, Miss. |
| B. S., University of Mississippi. | |
| Harper, Charles Nicholas | Riverton, W. Va. |
| Howard, James Manney, Jr. | New Berne, N. C. |
| Jarman, Bernard Lipscomb | Charlottesville, Va. |
| Little, William Ray | Camden, S. C. |
| Meares, William Belvidere, Jr. | Linwood, N. C. |
| B. S., Davidson College, N. C. | |
| Miller, Ernest Brubaker | Elkton, Va. |
| Price, Vance Lodowick | Stanley, Va. |
| B. E., Bridgewater College, Va. | |
| Reaves, Robert Grisham | Greeneville, Tenn. |
| A. B., Washington and Tusculum College, Tenn. | |
| Saunders, Samuel, Jr. | University, Va. |
| Shaffer, Carl William | Woodstock, Va. |
| Ph. G., University College of Medicine, Richmond, Va. | |
| Stringfellow, James Lawrence | Batna, Va. |
| B. A., Richmond College, Va. | |
| Tindall, Francis Marion | Misterton, Miss. |
| Willcox, Claiborne | Norfolk, Va. |
| Wysor, Frank Laird | Clifton Forge, Va. |
| B. A., Washington and Lee University, Va. | |
| Alabama | 2 |
| Arkansas | 1 |
| China | 2 |
| Connecticut | 1 |
| Delaware | 1 |
| District of Columbia | 1 |
| Florida | 1 |
| Georgia | 1 |
| Idaho | 1 |
| Indiana | 1 |
| Maryland | 3 |
| Mississippi | 8 |
| Missouri | 1 |
| New Jersey | 1 |
| New York | 3 |
| North Carolina | 7 |
| Oklahoma | 1 |
| Pennsylvania | 2 |
| South Carolina | 7 |
| Tennessee | 3 |
| Texas | 2 |
| Virginia | 53 |
| West Virginia | 4 |
| Wisconsin | 1 |
| Total | 108 |
| University of Virginia record February 15, 1915 | |