 | University of Virginia record November, 1909 |  |
DEFINITIONS OF THE UNITS.
The following definitions of the units in the requirements for entrance
are designed on the one hand to guide the student in his preparation
for the entrance examinations, and on the other to govern the
high school principal and teacher in organizing the courses of instruction.
English.
English A. English Grammar and Grammatical Analysis:—The
parts of speech with inflections and uses of each; syntax, especially of
nouns, verbs, and conjunctions; detailed study of sentence-structure,
including capitalization and punctuation. Text-Book recommended,
Baskervill and Sewell's English Grammar. Grammar and analysis
might well be taught through two years of the High School. (One
unit).
English B. Composition and Rhetoric:—The choice, arrangement
and connection of words with exercises on synonyms, antonyms, and
degrees and shades of meaning; fundamental qualities of style, with
selected and original examples; the sentence in detail as to unity,
coherence and proportion with ample exercises in constructing sentences
of varied types and emphasis; the paragraph with reference to
placing topic, structure for unity, continuity, and emphasis, with
abundant exercises in composing good paragraphs; much practice in
planning and writing simple compositions on familiar subjects under
the heads of narration, description, exposition and argumentation.
Text-Book recommended, Brooks and Hubbard's Composition-Rhetoric.
Practice in composition should continue through the entire
High School course, though formal rhetoric may be studied but one
year. (One unit).
English C. Critical Study of Selected Specimens of Literature:
—The specimens for reading and study designated for college entrance
requirements by the joint committee of colleges and secondary
schools. These required books or their equivalents should be studied
throughout the High School course under the guidance of the instructor.
Parallel reading should be encouraged and intelligent conversation
about books directed.
The college entrance requirements in English for 1909, 1910, 1911
are:
I. For Study and Practice. Shakespeare's Macbeth; Milton's Lycidas,
Comus, L'Allegro, and Il Penseroso; Burke's Speech on Conciliation
or Washington's Farewell Address, and Webster's First Bunker Hill Oration;
Macaulay's Life of Johnson or Carlyle's Essay on Burns.
II. For reading. Group 1 (two to be selected): Shakespeare's
As You Like It; Henry V; Julius Cæsar; The Merchant of Venice;
Twelfth Night. Group 2 (one to be selected): Bacon's Essays; Bunyan's
The Pilgrim's Progress, Part I; Addison's Sir Roger de Coverley;
Franklin's Autobiography.
Group 3 (one to be selected): Chaucer's Prologue; Spencer's Færie
Queene (Selections); Pope's The Rape of the Lock; Goldsmith's The
Deserted Village; Palgrave's Golden Treasury (First Series), Books II
and III, with especial attention to Dryden, Collins, Gray, Cowper,
and Burns.
Group 4 (two to be selected): Goldsmith's The Vicar of Wakefield;
Scott's Ivanhoe; Scott's Quentin Durward; Hawthorne's House of
the Seven Gables; Thackeray's Henry Esmond; Mrs. Gaskell's Cranford;
Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities; George Eliot's Silas Marner; Blackmore's
Lorna Doone.
Group 5 (two to be selected): Irving's Sketch Book (Selections);
Lamb's Essays of Elia; DeQuincey's Joan of Arc and The English Mail
Coach; Carlyle's Heroes and Hero Worship; Emerson's Essays (Selected);
Ruskin's Sesame and Lilies.
Group 6 (two to be selected): Coleridge's The Ancient Marinr;
Scott's The Lady of the Lake; Byron's Mazeppa and The Prisoner of
Chillon; Palgrave's Golden Treasury (First Series), Book IV, with especial
attention to Wordsworth, Keats, and Shelley; Macaulay's Lays
of Ancient Rome; Poe's Poems; Lowell's The Vision of Sir Launjal;
Arnold's Sohrab and Rustum; Longfellow's The Courtship of Miles
Standish; Tennyson's Lancelot and Elaine, The Passing of Arthur, Gareth
and Lynette; Browning's Cavalier Tunes, The Lost Leader, How They
Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix, Evelyn Hope, Home
Thoughts from Abroad, Home Thoughts from the Sea, Incident of the
French Camp, the Boy and the Angel, One Word More, Herve Riel,
Phidippids. (One unit).
The courses outlined, in accordance with the program of most
high schools, have taken into account English, (1) as a language, (2)
as a means of expression, (3) as a literature—all so intimately connected,
however, that the proper study of each will bear indirectly on
the other two.
No student will be conditioned on English A or B.
Mathematics.
Mathematics A. Algebra to Quadratic Equations:—The four
fundamental operations for rational algebraic expressions; factoring,
determination of highest common factor and lowest common multiple
linear equations, both numerical and literal, containing one
or more unknown quantities; problems depending on linear equations;
radicals, including the extraction of the square root of polynomials
and numbers; exponents, including the fractional and negative. (One
unit).
Mathematics B. Quadratic Equations, Progressions, and the
Binomial Formula:—Quadratic equations, both numerical and literal;
simple cases of equations with one or more unknown quantities, that
can be solved by the methods of linear or quadratic equations; problems
depending upon quadratic equations; the binomial formula for
positive integral exponents; the formulas for the nth term and the
sum of the terms of arithmetic and geometric progressions, with applications.
(One unit).
Mathematics C. Plane Geometry, with Original Exercises:—
The usual theorems and constructions of good text-books, including
the general properties of plane rectilinear figures; the circle and the
measurement of angles; similar polygons; areas; regular polygons
and the measurement of the circle. The solution of numerous original
exercises, including loci problems. Application to the mensuration of
lines and plane surfaces. (One unit).
Mathematics D1. Solid Geometry, with Original Exercises:—
The usual theorems and constructions of good text-books, including
the relations of planes and lines in space; the properties and measurement
of prisms, pyramids, cylinders and cones; the sphere and the
spherical triangle. The solution of numerous original exercises, including
loci problems. Applications to the mensuration of surfaces
and solids. (Half unit).
Mathematics D2. Plane Trigonometry:—Definitions and relations
of the six trigonometric functions as ratios; circular measurement of
angles; proofs of principal formulas; product formulas; trigonometric
transformations. Solution of simple trigonometric equations. Theory
and use of logarithms (without introducing infinite series). Solution
of right and oblique triangles with applications. (Half unit).
No student will be conditioned on Mathematics A, B, or C.
History.
History A. Greek and Roman History, including the geography of
Greece and the early development of Ancient Hellas; state and national
development to the period of the foreign wars; the foreign wars
and the supremacy of Athens; the wars between the Greek states;
the Macedonian invasion and the empire of Alexander the Great; the
its supremacy in Italy; the conquest of the Mediterranean; the transition
from republic to monarchy; the ancient world under the Roman
empire; the transition from ancient to mediæval history, down to the
death of Charlemagne. (One unit).
History B. Mediæval and Modern European History, including the
Carolingian empire and feudalism; the papacy and the beginnings of
the new Germano-Roman empire; the formation of France; the East
and the crusades; Christian and feudal civilization; the era of the
Renaissance; the Protestant Revolution and the religious wars; the
ascendency of France and the age of Louis Quatorze; the rise of
Russia and Prussia and colonial expansion; the French Revolution; Napoleon
and the Napoleonic wars; the growth of nationality, democracy
and liberty in the Nineteenth Century. (One unit).
History C. English History, including the geography of England
and early Britain; Saxon England; Norman England; England under
the Plantagenets; Tudor England; Puritans and Royalists; the constitutional
monarchy; the modern British empire. (One unit).
History D. American History and Civil Government:—In American
History the work includes the earliest discoveries to 1607; Virginia
and the other Southern colonies; Massachusetts and the other
New England colonies; New York and the other Middle colonies;
the colonies in the Eighteenth Century; the causes of the Revolution;
the Revolution, the Confederation, and the Constitution; Federalist
supremacy to 1801; Jeffersonian Republicanism to 1817; economic
and political reorganization to 1829; the National Democracy to 1844;
slavery in the Territories to 1860; the War of Secession, Reconstruction
and the problems of peace to 1900. In Civil Government the
work covers the early forms of Government; the Colonies and Colonial
Government; Colonial Union and the Revolution; the Confederation
and the Constitution; the Political Parties and Party
Machinery; the existing Federal Government; the Foreign Relations
of the United States. (One unit).
Latin.
Latin A. Grammar and Composition:—The Roman pronunciation;
habitual observance of accent and quantity; thorough mastery of the
regular forms; the simpler rules of word-formation and derivation;
syntax of the cases, tenses, and moods; accusative and infinitive, relative
and conditional sentences, indirect discourse, and the subjunctive.
Translation into Latin of easy detached sentences illustrating
grammatical principles, and of very easy continuous prose based upon
the vocabulary of Cæsar and Cicero. (One unit).
Latin B. Cæsar's Gallic War, Books I-IV:—A reasonable acquaintance
with the time and purpose of the author; intelligent grasp
of the thought; ability to summarize the narrative as a whole; ready
comprehension of the normal forms and constructions; a reasonable
facility in reading at sight passages of like vocabulary and construction.
As much as one book of Cæsar may be substituted by an
equivalent amount of Viri Romæ, or other Latin prose. In connection
with all of the reading there must be constant practice in prose
composition, as well as in sight translation. (One unit).
Latin C. Cicero's Orations against Catiline, and Two Others:—
A reasonable acquaintance with the time and circumstances of the
Catilinarian conspiracy; intelligent appreciation of the orator's thought
and purpose; ability to summarize the oration as a whole; readiness
in explaining normal forms and constructions; reasonable facility in
reading at sight passages of like vocabulary and structure. As much
as two orations may be substituted by an equivalent amount of Nepos,
or other Latin prose. In connection with all of the reading there must
be constant practice in prose composition, as well as in sight translation.
(One unit).
Latin D. Virgil's Æneid, Books I-VI:—A reasonable acquaintance
with the time and purpose of the poet; intelligent appreciation
of the poet's thought and art; ability to summarize the story as a
whole; acquaintance with the typical forms and constructions of poetry;
practical mastery of the heroic hexameter; reasonable facility in
reading at sight passages of like vocabulary and difficulty. The third
and fifth book of the Æneid may be substituted by an equivalent
amount of Ovid, or other Latin epic poetry. In connection with all
reading there should be constant practice in prose composition, as
well as in sight translation. (One unit).
Students who offer Latin for entrance must pass in at least two units.
Greek.
Greek Grammar, Composition and Translation:—The common
forms, idioms, and inflections of Attic Prose; syntax of the cases,
moods, and tenses; final, conditional, temporal, and relative sentences;
indirect discourse. Translation from English into Greek of detached
sentences, illustrating the principles of Greek grammar; and of easy
continuous prose based upon Xenophon. For translation from Greek
into English short passages will be set from Xenophon's Anabasis,
Books I-IV, together with associated questions on forms and syntax.
The candidate should know the principal parts of all the verbs that
occur in the passages selected. (Two units).
Modern Languages.
German, Grammar, Composition, and Translation:—The examination
in Grammar will cover the declension of the articles (definite and
indefinite), of pronouns (personal, demonstrative, interrogative, relative
and indefinite), of nouns (regular and irregular), and of adjectives;
the comparison of adjectives; the conjugation of the Weak,
Strong, and Irregular Verbs, including the Temporal and Modal Auxiliaries;
the uses of the articles, the pronouns, and the cases; the uses
and meanings of the tenses, the modes, the temporal, modal and causative
auxiliaries, of prepositions and conjunctions; and the general
laws governing sentence-arrangement and word-formation. The exercise
set in Composition will consist of English sentences, giving
the natural forms of every-day expression, to be translated into German,
and of the translation into German of a piece of connected
English prose, based on one of the extracts assigned for translation.
The candidate, in order to satisfy the examiner in Translation, should
have read between 600 and 700 pages of German, divided as follows:
Seventy-five to 100 pages of graduated text, such as found in any of
the standard introductory readers; 150 to 200 pages of literature in
the form of easy stories and plays; and about 400 pages of moderately
difficult prose or poetry. (Two units).
French: Grammar, Composition, and Translation:—The candidate
should have studied French two years under competent instruction,
should have read 600 pages, written 30 pages of prose, and mastered
the principles of grammar, including the irregular verb.
During the first year the work should comprise careful drill in
pronunciation, dictation, and the rudiments of grammar; abundant
easy exercises in composition, both oral and written; and the translation
of 150 pages of graduated texts. During the second year 450
additional pages of Modern French prose and poetry should be covered,
with continued drill in the grammar, constant practice in dictation
and in conversation, daily oral exercises in rendering English
into French, and periodical written exercises in French Composition.
(Two units).
Spanish: Grammar, Composition, and Translation:—The candidate
should have studied Spanish two years under competent instruction,
should have read 600 pages, written 30 pages of prose, and
mastered the principles of grammar, including the irregular verb.
During the first year the work should comprise careful drill in
pronunciation, dictation, and the rudiments of grammar; abundant
easy exercises in composition, both oral and written; and the translation
of 150 pages of graduated texts. During the second year 450
with continued drill in the grammar, constant practice in dictation
and in conversation, daily oral exercises in rendering English into
Spanish, and periodical written exercises in Spanish Composition.
(Two units).
Science.
Science A. Physical Geography:—The entrance requirements in
Physical Geography include such elementary knowledge of the following
topics, as would be obtained from the study of a text-book
like Maury's "Physical Geography" or Tarr's "Elementary Physical
Geography." The earth as a planet; planetary movements; magnetism
of the earth; internal heat of the earth; volcanoes; earthquakes;
arrangement of land masses; forms of land; relief forms of the continents;
islands; properties of water; waters of the land; drainage;
continental drainage; the sea; the oceans; waves and tides; currents of
the sea; physical properties of the atmosphere; climate; winds and
circulation of the air; storms; moisture of the air; hail, snow and
glaciers; electrical and optical phenomena of the atmosphere; relations
between plants and animals; range of plants and animals; man,
including range of human habitation, division into races, conditions
favorable to civilization, and man's influence on physical geography;
influence of physical geography on the industries of countries. (One
unit).
Science B. Inorganic Chemistry:—The candidate for entrance
credit in Chemistry should have studied, under a competent teacher,
such a course in the elements of inorganic chemistry as can be covered
in three meetings a week during a nine-months' school year, and
in addition thereto should have worked in the laboratory about one
hundred hours, or enough time to perform intelligently the usual experiments
given in a High School laboratory course. The ground
covered by Remsen's "Introduction to the Study of Chemistry" is
the accepted standard. The student's autograph laboratory notes must
be submitted with the examination paper or entrance certificate. (One
unit).
Science C. Experimental Physics:—A course of one full year, covering
the topics of Mechanics, Sound, Light, Heat, Electricity, and
Magnetism. The work should include (a) lecture-table demonstrations
by the teacher, with appropriate yet simple apparatus; (b) textbook
work, in which the pupil solves numerical problems; and (c)
laboratory exercises by the pupil—all three embodying fundamental
principles of the subject. In the laboratory work at least thirty exercises
Mechanics, 14; in Sound, 1; in Light, 5; in Heat, 3; in Electricity and
Magnetism, 7. The pupil's note-book of written reports on these experiments
should be submitted with indication of acceptance on the
part of the teacher. Any one of the standard texts and laboratory
manuals may be followed. (One unit).
Science D. Botany and Zoölogy:—The entrance examinations in
these two subjects, which together count as a single unit, presupposes
such sound elementary knowledge of the structure and functions of
plants and animals, respectively, and of their classifications, as may
reasonably be regarded as representing a half year's work, in each
case, upon plants or animals with the aid of such a text-book on the
one hand, as Coulter's "Plant Structure," and on the other by Jordan
and Kellogg's "Animal Forms;" or other books of similar grade and
character.
In each case the candidate will be required to submit (with his certificate
of preparation or his written examination) his own laboratory
notes and drawings as an evidence of the amount and character of the
direct personal work done by him upon the plants or the animals,
which he has studied.
Drawing and Shop-Work.
Drawing: Mechanical and Projection Drawing:—Projections of
cubes, prisms, and pyramids in simple positions; method of revolving
the solid into new positions; method of changing the planes of projection;
projections of the three round bodies in simple positions and
in revolved positions; sections by planes parallel to the planes of projection;
sections by inclined planes; developments of prisms, pyramids,
cylinders, and cones; intersections of polyedra and curved surfaces;
distances from a point to a point or a plane or a line; angles
between planes and lines. (One unit).
Shop-Work: Wood-Work, Forging and Machine-Work:—The candidate
must present valid certificates covering at least 240 hours of competent
instruction with adequate appliances in these topics. About 80
hours should be devoted to wood-work, 40 to forging, and 120 to machine-work.
He should be familiar with the usual shop processes,
the standard methods of work, and the properties of the ordinary
constructive materials. (One unit).
In these units, which may be offered by students of engineering
only, a practical examination in drawing and in shop-work is given to
validate the certificate of training.
| University of Virginia record November, 1909 | |