University of Virginia Library

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

Editions

[_]

*

Early:

1612.

• A MAP OF VIRGINIA. || WITH A DESCRIPTI- || ON OF THE COUNTREY,
  THE || Commodities, People, Govern- || ment and Religion. || Written by
  Captaine SMITH, sometimes Go- || vernour of the Countrey. || WHEREUNTO IS ANNEXED
  THE || proceedings of those Colonies, since their first || departure from
  England, with the discourses, || Orations, and relations of the Salvages, || and the
  accidents that befell || them in all their Journies || and discoveries. || TAKEN FAITHFULLY
  AS THEY || were written out of the writings of || Doctor Russell. || Tho.
  Studley. || Anas Todkill. || Jeffra Abot. || Richard Wiefin. || Will. Phetti-Place
  || Nathaniel Powell. || Richard Pots. || And the relations of divers other
  diligent observers there || present then, and now many of them in England, || By W. S.
  || [Ornament] || AT OXFORD, || Printed by Joseph Barnes. 1612. ||
  [Title of the second part:] THE || PROCEEDINGS OF || THE ENGLISH
  COLONIE IN || Virginia since their first beginning from || England in the yeare
  of our Lord 1606, || till this present 1612, with all their || accidents that befell them in their
  || Journies and Discoveries. || Also the Salvages discourses, orations and relations || of
  the Bordering neighbours, and how they be- || came subject to the English. || Un-
  folding even the fundamentall causes from whence have sprang so many mise- || ries to the
  undertakers, and scandals to the businesses taken faith- || fully as they were written out of the
  writings of Thomas || Studley the first provant maister, Anas Todkill, Walter || Russell Doctor
  of Phisicke, Nathaniell Powell, || William Phettyplace, Richard Wyffin, Tho- || mas Abbay,
  Tho: Hope, Rich: Polts and || the labours of divers other dili- || gent observers, that were
  || residents in Virginia. And perused and confirmed by diverse now resident in || England that
  were actors in this busines. || By W. S. || [Ornament] || AT OXFORD, || Printed by
  Joseph Barnes. 1612. ||

  Quarto: Map of Va., pp. [8], 39; Proceedings, [4], 110. Map of Va., in four, including
  title, "To the Hand" by "T. A.," and glossary of Indian words, A-E in fours;
  Proceedings, A-O in fours, P in two, the second blank. (STC 22791).

  [Copies in the New York Public Library and the Rosenbach Foundation
  (Philadelphia) collections have inserted dedications to Sir Edward Seymour, earl
  of Hertford, by John Smith; and the Kane copy, now at Princeton University, has
  a dedication to Thomas Watson and John Bingley by Philip Fote, which the revised
  STC suggests may be a joke, since all copies have the dedication "To the Hand,"
  by T[homas] A[bbay]. But see Barbour, Three Worlds, 468, with a reference to
  Philip Foote.]

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184




1613.

• Purchas his Pilgrimage. Or Relations Of The World ... (extracts from Smith's
  manuscripts), by Samuel Purchas (London).

1614.

• Pilgrimage (extracts from Smith's manuscripts), by Purchas (London).

1617.

• Pilgrimage (extracts), by Purchas (London).

1624.

• The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles ... (virtual
  reprint of the Map of Va. and revised edition of the Proceedings) (London).

1625.

• Hakluytus Posthumus, or Purchas His Pilgrimes ... (partly reprinted with omissions
  and additions), by Samuel Purchas (London).

Modern:

1884, etc.

• Captain John Smith ... Works, 1608-1631, ed. Edward Arber (Birmingham).
  See the list of issues of the Arber text in the General Introduction at the
  beginning of this volume.

1907.

• Narratives of Early Virginia, 1606-1625, ed. Lyon Gardiner Tyler (New York)
  (repr. 1930, 1959).

1969.

• The Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter, 1606-1609, ed. Philip L. Barbour
  (Cambridge).

Schedule A.
Limits of Exploration 1607-1609 as Indicated
by Maltese Crosses on the Smith/Hole Map

The lists should be read clockwise, beginning with a point just south of Cape Henry
in the Atlantic Ocean to a point north of Cape Charles. (Hole's scale is 20 leagues
to 1° latitude, with 1 league equal to 3 nautical miles. To facilitate comparison with
modern road and geographical maps, all leagues have been converted into statute
miles.)

                                                 

No.	Location on S/H Map	Approximate Modern Location
1.	5 leagues (17 mi.) S of Cape Henry	11 mi. S of Virginia Beach
2.	Chesapeack village	Near Lynnhaven
3.	Nandsamund village	Near Reids Ferry, Nansemond R.
4.	Chawons (vague)	Chowan R., N.C. (vague)
5.	6 leagues (21 mi.) SSW of Jamestown	Source of Grays Creek; distance exaggerated
6.	5.5 leagues (19 mi.) SSW of Paspahegh	Source of Chippokes Creek; distance exaggerated
7.	Mangoags (vague)	Between Meherrin and Roanoke rivers, N.C.
8.	2 leagues (7 mi.) S of Appamatuck village	At falls of Appomattox R., Petersburg
9.	4 leagues (14 mi.) WSW of Powhatan village	Westhampton (Richmond)
10.	6 leagues (21 mi.) NW of Powhatan village	North Anna R. (above Beaverdam?)
11.	2 leagues (7 mi.) NW of Cattachiptico	2-4 mi. above Manquin
12.	Source of Mattapanient R.	Mattaponi R., c. 5 mi. above Aylett
13, 14.	Two crosses, one opposite, one just below, Mahaskahod	At Rappahannock R. falls, Fredericksburg
15.	Source of Quiyough R.	Source of Aquia Creek (?)
16.	7.5 leagues (26 mi.) above Nacotchtank	Yellow Falls above Washington, D.C. (?)
17.	Source of Bolus R.	Patapsco R., 15 mi. W of Baltimore city hall, Md.
18.	2.5 leagues (8.6 mi.) from Willoughbyes R. mouth	Bush R., near Abingdon, Md. (?)
19.	Smyths fales, 7.5 leagues (26 mi.) from Sasquesahanough R. mouth	Above Conowingo Dam, 10 mi. from Susquehanna R. mouth
20.	3.5 leagues (12 mi.) above head of Bay	A few miles above North East, Cecil Co., Md.
21.	Peregryns Mount	Possibly near Newark, Del.
22.	Source of Tockwogh R.	Source of Sassafras R., Del.
23.	2.5 leagues (8.6 mi.) ENE of Kuskarawaok	Nanticoke R., ENE of Seaford, Del.
24.	Source of Wighco[comoco] R.	Pocomoke R., near (above?) Snow Hill, Worcester Co., Md.
25.	6.5 leagues (22 mi.) NNE of Cape Charles	Near Nachipongo R., Hog Island Bay

Schedule B.
Indian Villages and River Names

The place and river names on the schedule below are listed in the same fashion as
on the map, with the following exceptions: (1) English place and river names, along
with the details of the changes made in the various states, are not listed below; and
(2) peripheral nations or tribes, conspicuously shown on the map, but barely known
to Smith, are not listed here, but rather on Schedule C. The spellings on this schedule
follow those on the map. On this schedule the "Kings howses" are marked "KH."

Reading up, Powhatan [James] River, right bank.

1.

• KH Chesapeack

2.

• Mantoughquemend

3.

• Teracosick

4.

• KH Nandsamund

5.

• Mattanock

6.

• Mokete

7.

• KH Warraskoyack

8.

• Mathomauk

9.

• Nantapoyac

10.

• KH Quiyoughcohanock

11.

• Chawopo

12.

• KH Appamatuck

13.

• Mowhemcho

14.

• KH Massinacack

15.

• KH Monahassanugh

16.

• KH Rassawek

Reading down, Powhatan [James] River, left bank.

17.

• KH Monasukapanough

18.

• KH Powhatan [core of Powhatan's
  state]

19.

• KH Orapaks [Powhatan's residence,
  1608]

20.

• KH Arrohateck

21.

• KH Weanock

22.

• KH Paspahegh

Reading up, Chickahamania [Chickahominy] River, right bank.
(The nation had no werowances, and no kings' houses.)

23.

• Menascosic

24.

• Mamanahunt

25.

• Paspanegh

26.

• Righkahauk

27.

• Nechanicok

Reading down, Chickahamania [Chickahominy] River, left bank.

28.

• Appocant

29.

• Moysonec

30.

• Askakep

31.

• Werawahon

32.

• Ozenick

33.

• Mattapanient

Reading down, Powhatan [James] River, left bank.

34.

• KH Kecoughtan

Reading up, Pamaunk [York] River, right bank.

35.

• KH Kiskiack

Reading up, Youghtanund [Pamunkey] River, right bank.

36.

• Matchut

37.

• Acconoc

38.

• Potauncac

39.

• Attamtuck

40.

• Pamuncoroy

Reading down, Youghtanund [Pamunkey] River, left bank.

41.

• Cattachiptico

42.

• Accossumwinck

43.

• KH Kupkipcock

44.

• KH Uttamussak

45.

• KH Menapucunt

46.

• Cinquoteck

Reading up, Mattapanient [Mattaponi] River, right bank.

47.

• Quackcohowaon

48.

• Myghtuckpassum

49.

• Passaunkack

Reading down, Mattapanient [Mattaponi] River, left bank.

50.

• Utcustank

51.

• Martoughquaunk

52.

• Muttamussinsack

53.

• Matchutt

54.

• Mamanassy

Reading down, Pamaunk [York] River, left bank.

55.

• Pasaughtacock

56.

• Poruptanck

57.

• Mattacock

58.

• KH Werowocomoco [Powhatan's
  residence, 1607]

59.

• Cantaunkack

60.

• Capahowasick [Powhatan's gift to
  John Smith]

Payankatank [Piankatank] River.

61.

• KH Payankatank

Reading up, Toppahanock [Rappahannock] River, right bank.

62.

• KH Opiscopank

63.

• Anrenapeugh

64.

• KH Nandtanghtacund

65.

• Checopissowo

66.

• Anaskenoans

67.

• Secobeck

68.

• Accoqueck

69.

• KH Shackaconia

70.

• KH Stegara

71.

• KH Hassniuga

Reading down, Toppahanock [Rappahannock] River, left bank.

72.

• KH Tanxsnitania

73.

• KH Mahaskahod

74.

• Massawoteck

75.

• Sockobeck

76.

• KH Cuttatawomen [II]

77.

• Waconiask

78.

• Monanask

79.

• Assuweska

80.

• Papiscone

81.

• Kerahocak

82.

• KH Pissaseck

83.

• Nawacaten

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188




84.

• Mangoraca

85.

• Wecuppom

86.

• Matchopick

87.

• Pissacoack

88.

• Cawwontoll

89.

• Acquack

90.

• Winsack

91.

• Tantucquask

92.

• Poykemkack

93.

• Nawncutough (Nawnautough?)

94.

• KH Toppahanock

95.

• Poyektank

96.

• Menaskunt

97.

• Auhomesk

98.

• Powcomonet

99.

• Oquornock

100.

• KH Moraughtacund

101.

• Pawcocomocac

102.

• Nepawtacum

103.

• Kapawnich

104.

• Ottachugh

105.

• Chesakawon

106.

• KH Cuttatawomen [I]

Chesapeack Bay

107.

• Cinquack

Reading up, Patawomeck [Potomac] River, right bank.

108.

• KH Wighcocomoco

109.

• KH Cekakawwon

110.

• Uttamussamacoma

111.

• KH Onawmanient

112.

• Ozaiawomen

113.

• Mattacunt

114.

• KH Patawomeck

115.

• Quiyough

116.

• Pamacocack

117.

• KH Tauxenent

118.

• Namassingakent

119.

• Assaomeck

120.

• Namoraughquend

121.

• KH Massawomeck

Reading down, Patawomeck [Potomac] River, left bank.

122.

• KH Nacotchtanck

123.

• Tessamatuck

124.

• KH Moyaons

125.

• Cinquaoteck

126.

• KH Pamacocack

127.

• Nussamek

128.

• Mataughquamend

129.

• Nushemouck

130.

• Potapaco

131.

• KH Cecomocomoco

132.

• Monanauk

Reading up, Pawtuxunt [Patuxent] River, right bank.

133.

• KH Acquintanacsuck

134.

• Wasinacus

135.

• Acquaskack

136.

• Wasapokent

137.

• Macocanaco

138.

• Pocatamough

139.

• Quotough

140.

• Wosameus

141.

• Mattpanient

Reading down, Pawtuxunt [Patuxent] River, left bank.

142.

• Quactataugh

143.

• Wepanawomen

144.

• Tauskus

145.

• Wascocup

146.

• Onuatuck

147.

• KH Pawtuxunt

148.

• Quomo

149.

• Opanient

Northwest of Chesapeake Bay.

150.

• KH Cepowig

Reading up, Sasqusahanough [Susquehanna] River, right bank.

151.

• KH Attaock

152.

• KH Utchowig

Reading down, Sasqusahanough [Susquehanna] River, left bank.

153.

• KH Tesinigh

154.

• KH Quadroque

155.

• KH Sasquesahanough

North and Northeast of Chesapeake Bay.

156.

• KH Atquanachuke

157.

• KH Macocks

158.

• KH Chickahokin

The Eastern Shore, North to South.

159.

• KH [Tockwogh]

160.

• KH Ozinies

161.

• Nause

162.

• Nantaquack [origin of name
  Nanticoke]

163.

• KH Kuskarawaok

164.

• KH Wighcocomoco

165.

• KH Accohanock

166.

• KH Accowmack

If the 28 English place-names are added to the foregoing 166, the total is close to
the estimate of "about two hundred place-names" in Joseph Sabin et al., eds., A
Dictionary of Books Relating to America, XX (New York, 1927-1928), 247.

Schedule C.
Nations or Tribes Peripheral to
Powhatan's Domain

1.

• The Chowans, first known to Ralegh's men, and not visited by Smith. They
  were of Algonkian speech.

2.

• The Mangoags, also first known to Ralegh's men, and not visited by Smith.
  They were Iroquoians (Tuscarora), though the name is Carolina Algonkian.

3.

• The Monacans seem to have been Siouans. Captain Newport penetrated
  their territory with a 120-man detachment in 1608, but what little Smith knew
  about them came from the Powhatans. The name is Algonkian, and possibly refers
  to their manner of digging the ground.

4.

• The Mannahoacks were probably of the same stock as the Monacans, but
  the name is possibly another version of "Mangoags," an abusive epithet meaning,
  roughly, "adders."

5.

• The Massawomecks, an Iroquoian people, were either the same as, or a
  people contiguous to, the Pocoughtaonacks mentioned in Smith's True Relation (sig.
  C2r). For the possible identity of the two, see Bernard G. Hoffman, "Observations
  on Certain Ancient Tribes of the Northern Appalachian Province," Smithsonian
  Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Anthropological Papers, No. 70 (Washington,
  D.C., 1964).

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190




6.

• The Sasquesahanoughs (later known as the Conestogas) were also Iroquoians,
  living to the east of the Massawomecks, above the falls in the Susquehanna
  River. The unusual size of the tribesmen Smith chanced to meet is attested by
  Thomas Campanius Holm, the Swede who published a small Susquehanna vocabulary
  in 1696.

7.

• The Atquanachukes appear in A. van der Donck's "Map of New Netherlands"
  (1656), about halfway between Philadelphia and Atlantic City. They were
  mentioned to Smith by the Tockwoghs, and their language may have been Algonkian,
  though not understood by the Powhatans.

8.

• The Tockwoghs were an Algonkian nation that later merged with the
  Kuskarawaoks to form the so-called Nanticokes of Pennsylvania.

9.

• The Kuskarawaoks, another Algonkian people, were famous for their manufacture
  of shell beads, locally called "roanoke," a southern counterpart of New
  England "wampum" or "peak."

Specialized Bibliography
Pertinent to the Smith/Hole Map

• Alexander Brown, The Genesis of the United States (Boston, 1890), II, 596-597. Prejudiced.


• Worthington Chauncey Ford, "Captain John Smith's Map of Virginia, 1612,"
  Geographical Review, XIV (1924), 433-443. Mistaken hypothesis.
• Coolie Verner, "The First Maps of Virginia, 1590-1673," Virginia Magazine of
  History and Biography, LVIII (1950), 3-15. Competent résumé.
• Walter W. Ristow, "Captain John Smith's Map of Virginia," Library of Congress
  Facsimile, No. 1 (Washington, D.C., 1957). Excellent review, with a specialized
  bibliography.
• Ben C. McCary, "John Smith's Map of Virginia," Jamestown 350th Anniversary
  Booklet, No. 3 (Williamsburg, Va., 1957). Sound and thorough.
• Coolie Verner, "Smith's Virginia and Its Derivatives," Map Collectors' Series, No.
  45 (London, 1968). Marred by typographical carelessness.