University of Virginia Library


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CANTO II.


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ARGUMENT.

The dawn of a better Day.—Christianity, by first teaching peace, good-will, and equality, the first great agent of human improvement and the civilisation of the World.—Emancipation of Mind and the first seeds of popular Freedom.—The Progress of Thought.—Discovery of America.—Invention of Printing.— Freedom of Conscience.—Art, Science, and Literature, the off-spring of Peace and Liberty.—The Reformation.—The Abolition of Slavery.—The evils that still afflict Mankind, and Hopes for the future.—The Reign of Peace.


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Star of the East! that with propitious ray
Led the lone shepherds on their weary way,
The beam that rose on this dark world with thine
Since that glad hour has never ceased to shine!
The coarse thick mists that crown the murky sea,
Where Error, snake-like, broods continually,
May have conceal'd from Earth's inquiring sight,
The mild refulgence of its holy light;
The dense hot smoke in dun upcurling spires,
That mounts to Heaven from Hate's incessant fires,

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May for a while have blinded man's poor eyes;
But still the ray was steadfast in the skies;
Still o'er the world it shed a hallow'd glow;
Still shone the cynosure of faith and woe,
To light the path by erring mortals trod,
The beam of peace! the beacon of a God!
Divinest creed! and worthy to be taught
By Him, the Saviour, who thy tidings brought;
Thou wert the first, descending from above,
To teach the nations that their God was love;
That ire eternal dwelt not on his face,
But love and pity, and redeeming grace.
'Twas thou first cheer'd the weary and forlorn,
And raised the humble from the couch of scorn;
'Twas thou first told the poor man in his cot,
That Heaven had bliss for him, if Earth had not;
'Twas thou first whisper'd to the sunken slave
That joy and freedom dwelt beyond the grave;
That rich and poor, oppressor and oppress'd,
Fill'd the same grave, obey'd the same behest;

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And that, whatever was denied or given,
All men were equal in the sight of Heaven.
And all the joy this world since then has known
Springs from this creed, and springs from this alone,
Whatever triumph has been gain'd by mind,
O'er Error, Hate, and Ignorance combined,
Whatever progress man may yet have made—
Owes all its worth to this benignant aid;
The Arts have flourish'd in its genial light,
And daring Science wing'd a bolder flight,
Delved the deep earth and scaled the distant sky,
In search of Truth, and found it ever nigh.
'Twas this that gave the long-enfettered mind
New power to travel free and unconfined;
Upraised the fallen dignity of man,
Relieved his spirit from the oppressor's ban;
Gave Hope new wings to traverse earth and air,
To cheer Humility, to soothe Despair;
To lift the prostrate and the sorrowing heart,
And rob affliction of its direst smart,

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By that sweet certainty, the soul's best trust,
That God is kind, though man may be unjust.
Though Jewish hate, though Roman scorn assails,
The light still shines, and still the truth prevails;
Clime after clime receives the welcome ray;
Rome and her idols totter to decay;
Gaunt Odin claims no victims as of yore,
And Druid rites pollute the groves no more.
The generations rise, and move, and die—
Long ages trace their cycles in the sky—
The steadfast truth advances all the while,
And arid wastes begin to bloom and smile;
Men's hearts, no longer wildernesses bare,
Warm in the light and show their blossoms fair;
Freedom and Peace, exiled from earth so long,
Return with music and triumphant song,
Each scattering widely from her bounteous hands
The fruitful seeds that gladden all the lands.
Even man's own folly helps the sacred cause:
There is no chance in Heaven's eternal laws.

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The very crowds that at the Hermit's call
Forsook their wives and little ones and all,
And at each meteor flashing through the gloom,
Trembled to see the signal-star of doom
That should arise, and, day of woe for them!
Find them still far from dear Jerusalem;
Even they, blind instruments of God's decree,
Advanced the cause they never lived to see;
They left their bones on many a distant shore,
But some return'd less brutal than before.
Wise with the wisdom learn'd in pain and woe,
Pleased with those arts they never thought to know,
They came back wondering, and at home aspired
To reach the luxury they still admired;
The polish'd manners, and the pleasant ease
Of climates fair beyond the Grecian seas.
And, with the wish, the power to meet it rose,
They saw and loved the blessings of repose;
And war, though still their pastime and their joy,
Became no longer life's supreme employ.

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They saw that earth had better things in store,
And prized the peace consider'd vile before.
And those, the patient, though enfettered bands,
That stayed behind to cultivate the lands,
With some faint gleams of rights long-claim'd and spurn'd,
Arose and seized them ere their lords return'd.
Cities and towns, by feudal chiefs oppress'd,
Loosened each one the trammels on its breast,
Or bought from lordlings, with their ready gold,
The rights their masters dared no more withhold—
Freedom from grinding tax and blistering rod—
Freedom to dwell in peace and worship God.
Then on thy shores, fair Italy! trade-born,
New cities rose, precursors of the morn,
Where Learning flourish'd, with more strength array'd
Than when she roam'd a lost Athenian maid,
Doubting and groping in those alleys blind,
The then sole outlets for th' imprison'd mind.

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Art by her side upgrew, a sister mild,
And Science bloom'd as fostering Commerce smiled;
While busy navies wafted them afar,
With high emprize to guide them like a star,
Hope, dove-like, sitting on their sails unfurl'd,
To light, and cheer, and civilise the world.
Then rising Mind her ancient fetters broke,
New wants arose, new Enterprise awoke,
Discovery turn'd her keen inquiring eye
O'er all the wonders of the earth and sky,
Obscured, or hidden from our mortal sight
Through the long reign of Ignorance and Night.
First of her sons, the daring Genoese
Pierced the bright secret of the western seas,
Of fruitful climates that his sires ne'er knew;—
And at each favouring gale that westward blew,
Pined with an anxious heart that he might roam
Through those wide wastes of circumambient foam,
In search of islands fair and far away,
His dream by night, and all his thought by day;

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And, lo! unconquer'd by the sceptic's sneer,
Unmoved by danger, undisturb'd by fear,
Unswerved by obstacles that friend and foe
Conspired alike around his path to throw,
Bold o'er the waves his banner he unfurl'd,
Friend of his race!—and found th'expected world!
First glorious triumph of inquiring mind!
But not the greatest; for to bless mankind
With blessings sweeter and serener far,
Than ever smiled upon their wandering star,
An Art arose, worth in itself alone
More than all arts the world had ever known;
Worth all the monuments of ancient time,
Their buildings high, their chisellings sublime.
In his dark room the lone mechanic stood,
And shaped in letters the obedient wood,
And little thought, what time before his eyes,
He smiling saw the first rude types arise,
What a grand engine his ingenious mind
And ready hands had fashioned for his kind;

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How vast the art he doubting had begun,
How great the good by that sole action done!
This art it was, next to the peaceful creed
That cheers the Christian in the hour of need,
That aim'd the direst and most stunning blow
Against the heads of Ignorance and Woe.
Scared by its light old Superstition shook,
And hid her face before the printed book!
Knowledge walked forth, no longer for the few
Unveiling shy her sweet face to the view;
No longer timid, taciturn, and coy,
But on an errand of unbounded joy,
She roam'd the earth, and show'd her eyes so bright
To all who chose to gaze upon their light.
No more sole visitant to hermit's cell,
Or convent grey, or porch where schoolmen dwell,
She showered her blessings more profusely down
On plodding men, and hinds with labour brown;
Knock'd with her gentle tap at poor men's doors,
And woo'd their sons to taste her bounteous stores;

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Cheer'd lonely hearths with bliss till then unfelt,
Taught cheeks to glow and eyes with tears to melt
At joys or sorrows of their fellow men,
Told by the poet's or historian's pen;
And, best of gifts, bore in her bosom fair,
The Book divine, that ransoms from despair,
That cheers the weary with its words of love,
And points to doubting hearts the realms above.
O noble triumph! harbinger of more,
That fruitful time in proper season bore!
Strengthen'd by this, Discovery, bolder grown,
Soar'd to new regions, until then unknown;
Invention's hand acquired redoubled skill
To mould the plastic matter to her will;
And struggling minds their inspiration caught
From lore wide-spread, and interchange of thought.
Great Newton came, and with his eye sublime,
Discover'd secrets hidden from all Time;
Divined, with meek and yet with lofty soul,
The eternal Law by which the planets roll;

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By which the stars in boundless ether shine,
Hung in the azure vault by hands divine.
Franklin appear'd, and, arm'd with daring high,
Drew down the lightning vivid from the sky;
Chemists explored the forest and the field,
Delved in the mine, and made each substance yield
The elements that mingle in its plan,
And all the secrets of its use to man.
And later still, Geology, that turns
Her gaze to earth, and in its bosom learns
The buried mysteries of oldest time,
Arose, and told the world her tales sublime,
Of fearful earthquakes and consuming fire,
Of whelming waters and convulsions dire,
And of huge creatures terrible and strong,
That walk'd the earth, a hundred fathoms long;
Or plough'd primeval seas through ages vast,
Ere man arose the noblest and the last.
Where'er Discovery turn'd her ardent eye,
To air, or earth, or star-bespangled sky;

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Whether she view'd the deep obedient tide
Spreading beneath the moon its waters wide;
Or tiny dew-drop form'd upon the rose;
The hugest tree or smallest weed that grows,—
Still she exclaim'd, though humble, yet elate,
“Wondrous his works! the Lord our God is great!”
Invention follow'd in her brilliant train,
From each new truth new usefulness to gain;
From all the elements Discovery drew
The inmost secrets veil'd from mortal view;
And apt Invention, watchful by her side,
Each, as it rose, to man's delight applied;—
Employed the water, caught th' unwilling wind,
And made strong fire the slave to stronger mind;
Mingled contending elements at will,
Curb'd and restrain'd, and made them each fulfil
Its destined purpose in her curious plan,
All for the service and the ease of man;—
And, chief of triumphs, in a happy hour,
Chanced on the secret of the mighty power

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That sleeps conceal'd in every drop that flows
Round the huge earth, or freezes in its snows.
Discovery smiled with wonder at the sight,
And brisk Invention seized it with delight;
And lo! puissant Steam, a servant mild,
Titan in force, but duteous as a child,
Put forth for man a strength unknown before,
And raised with mighty arms the ponderous ore;
Plied the quick shuttles in the weaver's room,
Sparing his strength while it enrich'd his loom;
Whirl'd its great wheels triumphant o'er the deep
Though tides and winds were adverse or asleep;
And on the land, adown the assisting rail,
Drove its hot chariot swifter than the gale.
And with these triumphs of the active mind,
That serve, improve, and elevate mankind,
Came others, dearer and more glorious still,
Than all th' increase of knowledge or of skill.
Bright though they be, not these alone convey
To eyes that pine, the light of perfect day;

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They polish man, but rightly understood,
They cannot make him either wise or good;
Deeper conceal'd within the soul's recess,
Lies the great aid of earthly happiness—
The love of Freedom!—since the world began,
Cherish'd and prized by individual man,
But never taught, within its wide embrace,
To clasp with joy the whole of human race,
Until the Christ upraised the welcome call—
“Freedom to slaves!—good-will and peace to all!
“None is too base or lowly to be free—
“None is too poor to be received by me.”
These are the words that civilize the world;
This simple truth has, single-handed, hurl'd
The tyrants down, that in their thralls would bind
The hearts and souls of patient human-kind.
This first great triumph leads to all the rest,
And gives man power to bless and to be bless'd;
This gives the heart the leisure to be wise,
And makes true goodness with its heavenward eyes

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Act on the hope, that ere yon heaven it know,
It has a mission to fulfil below,
And that he best obeys the Almighty plan,
Who aids, consoles, and loves his fellow-man.
And thus while Art increases all around,
And Peace down showers her blossoms on the ground,
While Knowledge shows her visage beaming bright
In darken'd nooks that never saw the light,
Freedom takes root, and flourishes the more
From all the triumphs that have gone before.
Wickliffe and Luther, and those hallow'd names
Who died for conscience in consuming flames,
Unfurl'd a banner, in the olden time,
Round which have rallied men of every clime;
Pure deeds their weapons, steadfast hearts their wall,
Their cry is “Freedom” for themselves—for all!
“Freedom for worship, rise where'er it will,
“From gorgeous dome, or damp unshelter'd hill,
“Freedom for thought, that shall not know decrease,
“Freedom for prayer and praise, and words of peace.”

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This right secured—behold, the faithful band,
Who prize its blessings, rising in the land.
To share their joy with all beneath the skies,
They look abroad with pity-beaming eyes;
The sad they cheer, the ignorant they teach—
To souls in error, purer doctrines preach;
To the lost wand'rer point the way aright,
On mental blindness pour the healing light;
In arms fraternal clasp the injured slave,
And raise their voice to liberate and save.
Grand and auspicious was that happy time
When England rose, majestic and sublime;
Arm'd with the strength that only arms the just,
The light of Truth flash'd in her eyes august;
Wide o'er the earth her mighty hands she spread,
While rays of glory beam'd about her head—
The listless nations started and awoke,
As with loud voice the cheering words she spoke:
“No more,” she cried, “no more, thou teeming earth,
“For me or mine, shalt thou to slaves give birth;

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“No more for me shall helots till the soil—
“Stripes their reward, and pain and hopeless toil;
“No more shall slaves produce vile wealth for me—
“Joy! Afric, joy! thy swarthy sons are free!
“Hear, all ye nations! hear the voice of truth,
“And wake to pity and redeeming ruth;
“The wealth is cursed that springs from human woe,
“And he who trades in men is England's foe:
“Freedom, God's gift, was kindly meant for all—
“Poor suffering slaves! this hour your fetters fall!”
Earth, as she heard the loud majestic voice,
Shouted reply, and bade her sons rejoice:
The wise and good of every clime and caste
Hail'd a fair future, fairer than the past,
And pictured fondly, in the coming time,
Less blood and tears, less misery and crime.
Great was the boon, and pledge of thousands more—
Herald of peace, and days of bliss in store.
Such let us deem it, for we look around,
And find a curse that still afflicts the ground;

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We find, in spite of all the wonders done,
That man's improvement has but just begun.
Still half the world lies groaning in the gloom,
Error their portion, misery their doom.
The light of truth has never shed its ray
O'er fairest climes that blossom to the day;
Beauteous and bright in trees, and flowers, and fruits,
But cursed with savage men and savage brutes.
And o'er those lands where man is more refined,
Where science blooms and learning cheers the mind,
How vast the torrent of the tears that flow,
How vast the amount of ignorance and woe!
Still are the millions doom'd to sweat and moil,
And pass long days in harsh, incessant toil,
Gaining hard bread, while bitterly they rue
That they are doom'd to labour for the few.
Cold Superstition still her chill imparts;
Still ancient Error rankles in their hearts;
And still, all lost and humbled though they be,
They doff their caps, and shout with noisy glee,

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When pass the heroes in triumphal car,
Who mowed them down by thousands in a war!
Their own bad passions make them still the prey
Of men designing and more fierce than they;
Still are they slaves to hate, revenge, and lust,
Fiends to their neighbours, to themselves unjust.
Yet who shall say these evils shall not cease,
And earth awake to happiness and peace?
They err who say that man to grief is born,
That hopeless thousands are but made to mourn;
Heaven has not issued such a harsh decree—
Man's is the guilt, as man's the misery!
They are no dreamers who, with steadfast hope,
Comprise all nature in their love's wide scope,
And see afar that bright approaching day
When human sorrows shall dissolve away.
Great though the evils that affect us yet,
The sun has risen, and never shall it set!
Bright shine its beams upon a world of woe,
To warm, refine, and gladden all below:

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The mild religion, breathing Love and Peace,
Still o'er the earth shall prosper and increase;
Knowledge and Art shall follow in its train,
And darken'd regions smile in light again:
And man become, no more in error blind,
The friend of man, the blessing of his kind.
And who shall doubt, and say this happy creed
Shall fail the nations in their hour of need?
Who shall assert that man, for ever lost,
Must wander pining, worn, and tempest-tost?
Forbid the thought! the holy work begun,
Shows the true soul the good that may be done.
The olden prophets saw the coming time—
Isaiah sang it in his chant sublime;
And in the manger when the Saviour lay,
The angels hail'd the dawning of the day.
Go forth! ye friends and lovers of your kind!
Traverse the world from Labrador to Ind—
To every clime, go, prospering and elate,
Noble your cause, and be your efforts great:

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Go forth, and teach the creed of love and peace,
And all the rest shall follow and increase.
Teach the sad world, and scatter all around
The fruitful seeds upon the ready ground.
Teach! teach the world! and all its mental night
Shall melt away in fulness of the light!
The Hope of heaven shall elevate and cheer,
And Peace and Knowledge strew their blessings here;
Science shall bloom in many a distant isle,
Fierce men grow tame, and wildernesses smile;
War shall no longer dare uplift its hands
To strike the prosperous and happy lands;
Its loud alarum shall the earth forget;—
Men's swords shall rust, or turn to ploughshares yet!
Hark! the glad chorus of the angel choirs
Striking with joyous hands their heavenly lyres!
They sing the anthem that they sang of old
To the poor shepherds watching by the fold;
“On earth good-will, that never more shall cease—
“Glory to God! and universal Peace!”

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Look up, ye nations, with exulting eyes,
And hail the hope that brightens in your skies!
Rejoice ye seraphim that pray for man,
He lies no longer under evil ban;
The scales have fallen from his mental sight,
He sees afar and loves th' approaching light.
He, too, perchance, ere ages roll away,
Will join that hymn the angels sing for aye,
And shout the pæan full of love sublime,
In every nook of every distant clime—
“On earth good-will, that never more shall cease—
“Glory to God, and universal Peace!”