A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia containing a copius collection of geographical, statistical, political, commercial, religious, moral and miscellaneous information collected and compiled from the most respectable, and chiefly from original sources |
TABLE OF CONTENTS. |
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 | A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia |  |
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
| PAGE. | |
| Dedication, | 3 |
| Preface, | 5 |
| List of tables, | 13 |
| List of errata, | 14 |
| Table of abbreviations, | 15 |
| General Description of Virginia, | 16 |
| Situation, boundaries, and extent, | ib. |
| Face of the country, | ib. |
| Geology and Mineralogy, | 23 |
| Mineral waters, | 24 |
| Scenery and Natural Curiosities, | 25 |
| Mountains, | 27 |
| Bays, harbors, rivers, swamps, | 36 |
| Climate, | 57 |
| Political and moral condition, | |
| Population, | 66 |
| Government and laws, | 69 |
| Civil list, | 72 |
| Laws, | 75 |
| Religion, | 76 |
| Education, | 77 |
| Military organization, arms, &c. | 83 |
| Lunatic hospitals, | 85 |
| Penitentiary, | ib. |
| Internal Improvement, | 87 |
| Manufactures, | 99 |
| Agriculture, | ib. |
| Commerce, | 100 |
| Fiscal concerns, | 101 |
| Revenue, | 103 |
| Banks, | 104 |
| Remarks on arrangement pursued in description of counties, | 110 |
| Eastern Virginia, | 111 |
| Western Virginia—Introduction, | 297 |
| Western Virginia—General Description, | 299 |
| Virginia House of Delegates, | 469 |
| Virginia Senate, | 470 |
| District of Columbia, | 471 |
| Establishment, situation, boundaries, and extent, | ib. |
| Soil, | 473 |
| Geology and Mineralogy, | 474 |
| Climate, | 476 |
| District of Columbia | |
| Aborigines, | 476 |
| Population, | ib. |
| Government, | ib. |
| Alexandria, | 477 |
| Fisheries on the Potomac, | 480 |
| Water Fowl on the Potomac, | 482 |
| Washington City, | 496 |
| Congressional Districts of Virginia, | 512 |
| Electoral Districts, | 513 |
| Virginia Election Laws, | 515 |
| Virginia Ratification of U. S. Constitution, | 523 |
| Virginia Declaration of Rights (June 12, 1776,) | ib. |
| Table exhibiting the population, &c. &c. &c. | 528-9 |
| HISTORY OF VIRGINIA. | |
| CHAPTER I. | |
| Introduction, Progress of Commerce, Roanoke Settlements. Merit of discovering America,—Advancement of Commerce by the Crusades—in the Italian cities—in Spain—in Portugal,—Discovery of America,—England,—Want of Commerce in early times, —Voyages of the Cabots,—Progress of English discovery,—Frobisher—Gilbert—Raleigh,—Failure of the Roanoke settlements, |
531 |
| CHAPTER II. | |
| Settlement at James Town,—Sufferings of the Colonists,— Adventures of Smith—New Company raised—its charter,— James Town,—Machinations against Smith—Difficulties of the colony,—Smith taken prisoner—his release.—Arrival of Newport, —Discovery of earth believed to be gold,—Departure of Newport, —Survey of the Chesapeake and its waters by Smith,—Smith made President,—Second arrival of Newport,—Judicious conduct of Smith,—New Charter,—New arrival of emigrants,—Badness of the selection,—New settlements,—Accident to Smith—his departure, —his character, |
545 |
| CHAPTER III. | |
| Progress of the Colony,—Massacre of 1662,—Dissolution of the London Company—State of the colony at Smith's departure,—its conduct and consequent sufferings—Arrival of Gates— of Lord De La Ware,—his departure—Arrival of Dale,—Martial law,—Gates governor,—Grants of land to individuals,—New charter,—Marriage of Pocahontas,—Friendly relations with the Indians,—Subjection of Port Royal and Manhattan,—Cultivation of Tobacco,—Tenure of lands,—Tyranny of Argall,—Propriety of reform in the government—Yeardley governor,—First colonial assembly in 1619.—Introduction of women,—Introduction of negroes by the Dutch in 1620—Constitution brought over by Sir Francis Wyatt—Relations with the Indians—Massacre of the 22d of March, 1662,—its consequences,—Struggles between the king and the company,—Commissioners sent to Virginia,—Firmness of the Virginians,—Dissolution of the company, |
558 |
| CHAPTER IV. | |
| Progress of the Colony from the Dissolution of the London Company, to the breaking out of Bacon's Rebellion in 1675.—Accession of Charles I.—Tobacco trade,—Yeardley governor,—his commission favorable—his death and character.— Lord Baltimore's reception,—State of religion,—legislation upon the subject,—Invitation to the Puritans to settle on Delaware Bay.— Harvey governor,—Error with regard to his early administration,— Dismemberment of the colony,—Grant of Carolina and Maryland, —probable cause of discontent.—Harvey deposed—restored,— Wyatt governor,—Acts of the Legislature improperly censured,— Berkeley governor,—Indian relations,—Opechancanough prisoner, —his death,—Change of government in England,—Fleet and army sent to reduce Virginia,—Preparation for defence by Berkeley,— Agreement entered into between the colony and the commissioners of the commonwealth,—Indian hostilities,—Matthews elected governor,—Difficulties between the governor and the legislature,—adjusted,—State of the colony and its trade,—Commissioners sent to England,—The Restoration,—General legislation, |
576 |
| CHAPTER V. | |
| Bacon's Rebellion,—Hostile Designs of the French.—Indifference to change in England,—Navigation act,—Convicts,—Conspiracy detected,—Discontents,—Cessation from tobacco planting for one year,—Royal grants,—Virginia's remonstrance,—Success of deputies,—Indian hostilities,—Army raised and disbanded by governor,—People petition for an army,—elect Bacon commander, —he marches without commission and defeats Indians,—pursued by governor, who retreats on hearing of rising at James Town,— Governor makes concessions,—Bacon prisoner,—is pardoned.— People force commission from governor,—Bacon marches to meet Indians,—hears he is declared a rebel by Berkeley,—marches to meet him,—he flees to Accomac,—Convention called and free government established.—Bacon defeats the Indians,—Berkeley obtains possession of the shipping, and occupies James Town,—is beseiged by Bacon, and driven out,—Jamestown burnt.—Death of Bacon,—character of his enterprise.—Predatory warfare,—treaty between governor and his opponents,—Cruelty of Berkeley,— King's commissioners,—Departure of Berkeley and his death.— Acts of Assembly passed during Bacon's influence.—Conduct of king's commissioners,—Culpeper governor,—Discontents,—Conduct of Beverly.—Howard governor.—General conduct of Virginia and progress of affairs.—Plan of De Callier for dividing the British colonies, |
599 |
| Sketch of Virginia history from the beginning of the French war to the beginning of the Revolution, |
618 |
| A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia | |