University of Virginia Library

THE ACADEMIC SCHOOLS.

Edwin Anderson Alderman, Ph.B., D.C.L., LL.D.

President.

James Morris Page, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D.

Dean.

                                                                                                                                                                       

Francis Henry Smith, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D.	West Lawn
Emeritus Professor of Natural Philosophy.
William Wynn Thornton, B.A., LL.D.	Monroe Hill
Professor of Applied Mathematics.
Francis Perry Dunnington, B.S., C.E., M.E.	University Heights
Professor of Analytical and Industrial Chemistry.
William Holding Echols, B.S., C.E.	East Lawn
Professor of Mathematics.
Richard Heath Dabney, M.A., Ph.D.	Rugby Road
Corcoran Professor of History.
Richard Henry Wilson, M.A., Ph.D.	Park Street
Professor of Romanic Languages.
James Morris Page, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D.	McCormick Road
Professor of Mathematics.
Thomas Fitz-Hugh, M.A.	West Lawn
Professor of Latin.
William Alexander Lambeth	Carr's Hill
Professor of Hygiene.
Albert Lefevre, B.A., Ph.D., LL.D.	University Place
Corcoran Professor of Philosophy.
[1] William Harry Heck, M.A., Ph.D.	East Lawn
Curry Memorial Professor of Education.
[2] Thomas Walker Page, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D.	Fry's Spring
James Wilson Professor of Economics.
Thomas Leonard Watson, M.S., Ph.D.	University Place
Corcoran Professor of Geology.
Robert Montgomery Bird, B.A., B.S., Ph.D.	University Place
Collegiate Professor of Chemistry.
William Mentzel Forrest, B.A.	Preston Heights
John B. Cary Memorial Professor of Biblical History and Literature.
William Harrison Faulkner, M.A., Ph.D.	University Place
Professor of Germanic Languages.
Charles Gilmore Maphis	University Place
Professor of Secondary Education.
Robert Henning Webb, M.A., Ph.D.	University Place
Professor of Greek.
Samuel Alfred Mitchell, M.A., Ph.D.	Observatory Mountain
Professor of Astronomy.
Ivey Forman Lewis, B.A., M.S., Ph.D.	Preston Heights
Miller Professor of Biology and Agriculture.
Llewelyn Griffith Hoxton, B.S., M.A., Ph.D.	Fry's Spring
Professor of Physics.
[3] John Levi Manahan, B.S., M.A., Ph.D.	University Place
Professor of Education.
William Allison Kepner, M.A., Ph.D.	University Place
Professor of Biology.
John Calvin Metcalf, M.A., Litt.D.	University Place
Linden Kent Memorial Professor of English Literature.
Richard Chapin Jones, B.A.	Jefferson Park
Associate Professor of Forestry.
[4] Albert George Adam Balz, M.A., Ph.D.	Jefferson Park Avenue
Associate Professor of Philosophy.
[5] Carroll Mason Sparrow, B.A., Ph.D.	Monroe Hill
Associate Professor of Physics.
Herman Patrick Johnson, M.A., Ph.M.	Preston Heights
Associate Professor of English Literature.
[6] Lindsay Rogers, B.A., LL.B., Ph.D.	Monroe Hill
Associate Professor of Political Science.
Gardner Lloyd Carter, M.A., Ph.D.	Monroe Hill
Associate Professor of Chemistry.
[7] Charles Wakefield Paul	McCormick Road
Adjunct Professor of Public Speaking.
James Sugars McLemore, M.A., Ph.D.	University Place
Adjunct Professor of Latin and Instructor in Greek.
[8] James Cook Bardin, M.D.	Madison Park
Adjunct Professor of Romanic Languages.
[9] Charles Pollard Olivier, M.A., Ph.D.	Observatory
Adjunct Professor of Astronomy.
John Jennings Luck, M.A., Ph.D.	Colonnade Club
Adjunct Professor of Mathematics.
Albert William Giles, B.A., M.S.	Rugby Road
Adjunct Professor of Geology.
[10] William Sumner Appleton Pott, M.A.	Colonnade Club
Adjunct Professor of Philosophy.
[11] Charles Scott Venable, M.A., Ph.D.	Colonnade Club
Adjunct Professor of Chemistry.
Edwin Francis Shewmake, Jr., M.A.	Fifteenth Street
Adjunct Professor of English.
[12] Harold Lee Alden, B.A., M.S., Ph.D.	Observatory
Adjunct Professor of Astronomy.
W. Patton Graham, M.A.	Wertland Street
Adjunct Professor of Romanic Languages.
Thomas Fauntleroy Ball, B.S.	McCormick Road
Adjunct Professor of Physics.

INSTRUCTORS.

                     

Judson Hall Robertson, B.S.	Chemistry
Elmer Irving Carruthers	Economics
[13] A. Hardin Harris	Economics
Samuel James Hart, B.A.	Economics and Latin
[14] Forrest Jesse Hyde, Jr., LL.B.	Economics
Tipton Ray Snavely, M.A.	Economics
Charles Herbert Huffman, M.A.	English Literature
[15] Stephen Philip Holt, E.M.	Geology
Ernest Linwood Lehman, M.A.	Latin and French
[16] Edward Tankard Browne, M.A.	Mathematics
Ben Zion Linfield, B.S.	Mathematics

ASSISTANTS.

                                               

Walter Weyman Benton	Biology
[17] John Seward Lawrence, B.A.	Biology
[18] Charles Otho Porterfield Trexler	Biology
[19] William Carl Whitlock	Biology
[20] John Gordon Brown	Chemistry
Lawrence Sinclair Cannon	Chemistry
Kurt Walter Franke	Chemistry
[21] Edgar Henry Herrmann	Chemistry
[22] Winborne Terry Jenkins	Chemistry
Zeno Le Tellier	Chemistry
[23] John Miller Porter	Chemistry
[24] Peyton Nalle Rhodes	Chemistry
[25] Charles Blair Tavenner	Chemistry
[26] Ryland Morton Warren	Chemistry
[27] William Israel Siegel, M.A.	English
[28] Aurelius Sydney Furcron	Geology
[29] Frank Wesley Davies	Physical Training
[30] Henry Haden Lannigan	Physical Training
[31] Frank McCutchan	Physical Training
[32] Fletcher Drummond Woodward	Physical Training
[33] Harry Gray Burks, Jr.	Physics
[34] William MacNeil Gilchrist	Physics
Eugene Leslie Lowenberg	Physics
[35] Ellsworth Wiltshire	Physics

STUDENT ASSISTANTS.

         

Frank Martin Lemon	English
Robert Young Button	History
[36] Virginius Dabney	French
[37] Walter Willard Boyd	Physics
[38] Tullius Tupper Barrett	Spanish

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS.

Required for Admission to the Department.—A candidate for admission
to the Department of Graduate Studies must have a baccalaureate
degree from a recognized institution of collegiate rank; or, in case the
institution he attended does not confer such a degree, he must present a
certificate of graduation in a course of study accepted by the Academic
Faculty as fully equivalent to that ordinarily required for the degree in
question.

Required for Admission as Applicant for a Degree.—In order to be
recognized as an applicant for a Master's or Doctor's degree, any candidate
who has not received a baccalaureate degree from this university
must secure from the Registrar of the University a blank form, which,
when properly filled out, he must file with the Dean of this department,
together with a catalogue of the institution from which he graduated.
If that institution has (1) a faculty of at least eight professors giving
their full time to college or university work; (2) entrance requirements
equal to those of this university, and (3) a course of four full years in the
liberal arts and sciences, the candidate will not be required to take any
undergraduate courses except such as the Committee on Rules and
Courses or the professors in charge of the graduate courses he elects
may consider necessary for their successful prosecution. If, however, the
institution in question does not meet the three conditions mentioned
above, the candidate's preparation will be carefully considered by the
Committee on Rules and Courses, which will prescribe such undergraduate
courses as are deemed necessary to supply his deficiences.

REGULATIONS.

Grade.—The grade of a student in any course, either for a term or
for the session, is determined by his class standing and his examination

grade, combined in such proportion as the professor in charge of the
course in question may decide.

Grade Required for Passing.—For passing in any course a grade of
seventy-five per cent is required.

Absence from Examination will not be excused except for sickness
on the day of examination, attested by a physician's certificate, or for
other cause which the faculty by special order may approve. An unexcused
absence is counted as a total failure.

Special Examinations.—A student whose absence from an examination
is excused, is entitled to a special examination on a date to be arranged
between himself and the professor in charge.

Change of Subjects of Study after registration can be made only with
the consent of the Dean and of the professors concerned.

REQUIREMENTS FOR DEGREES.

Graduate in a School.

Any student who successfully completes all the courses offered in
any Academic School is entitled to a diploma of graduation in that
School.

The Master's Degrees.

A candidate who has received a baccalaureate degree from this university,
or who has fulfilled the conditions above specified under Entrance
Requirements, is entitled to a master's degree upon his successful completion
of four graduate courses, chosen in accordance with the restrictions
detailed below:

No C course which a candidate has offered as part of the work credited
for baccalaureate degree may be counted for a master's degree.

A candidate must take at least two graduate courses during the last
year of his work for a master's degree, and no candidate may receive this
degree until at least one year after he has received his baccalaureate degree,
except by special consent of the Academic Faculty.

The degree of Master of Arts is conferred upon a Bachelor of Arts
who has successfully completed four graduate courses, chosen with the
approval of the Academic Faculty. These four courses must be in at
least three distinct subjects, and in three different Academic Schools, except
by special order of the Academic Faculty. Three of the subjects
must be cognate, which means that they must be selected from kindred
groups of subjects, such as, for example, languages and literature, or
mathematics and natural science, or history, economics, and government,
or philosophy, education, and biology.

The degree of Master of Science is conferred upon a holder of the
cultural degree of Bachelor of Science, who has successfully completed four
graduate courses chosen in accordance with the regulations prescribed for
the Master of Arts above.

The degree of Master of Science in a Special Subject, the name of
which is inscribed on the diploma, is conferred upon a holder of the vocational
degree of Bachelor of Science in a Special Subject, who has successfully
completed four graduate courses selected from among those offered
in his special subject, or from among other courses which meet with
the approval of the professor or professors in charge of his special subject.

Doctor of Philosophy.

A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy must hold the
degree of Bachelor of Arts or the cultural degree of Bachelor of Science
of this university, or, if he be a graduate of some other institution, he
must have fulfilled the conditions above specified under Entrance Requirements.
The requirements for the degree are as follows:

(1) A reading knowledge of French and German, attested by the successful
completion of the B courses in these languages, or else by examinations
held at the beginning of the first year of the candidate's work
for the doctorate, by committees consisting of the professor in charge of
the candidate's major subject and the professors of French and German,
respectively. If the candidate fails on one or both of these examinations,
he will be required to enter the appropriate course in one or both of
these languages. No student will be regarded as a regular candidate for
the doctorate until he has fulfilled this requirement.

(2) The successful completion of at least three years of graduate
work in three subjects, to be known, respectively, as the candidate's major,
primary minor and secondary minor. These subjects must be cognate
(see page 7), and must be chosen, with the approval of the Committee
on Rules and Courses, from at least three Academic Schools. The
major must be pursued for at least three years, the primary minor for at
least two years, and the secondary minor for at least one year.

Any student taking a D course in any subject may be required by the
professor, with the approval of the Academic Faculty, to attend such
lectures or courses in any of the Academic Schools as the professor may
deem necessary.

Graduate work done in other universities may be accepted in lieu of
resident work, provided sufficient evidence is furnished by examination,
written or oral, or both, that such work has been of a grade similar to
that required here, and has been satisfactorily performed, and provided
also that the candidate takes in this university at least one graduate
course in his primary minor, and does at least one year's resident work
in his major subject.

A candidate who is a professor in a chartered college or university,
of the subject selected by him as major, may be allowed by the Academic
Faculty to spend only two years in resident work. In all cases the work
of the last year of candidacy shall be done in residence, unless the Academic
Faculty shall for special reasons direct otherwise.

(3) A dissertation exhibiting independent research in some branch

of the candidate's major subject. The dissertation must be submitted to
the Academic Faculty not later than April 15 of the year in which the
candidate applies for the degree. Moreover, the copy presented for the
faculty's approval shall be written (typewritten, if feasible) on paper of
prescribed quality and size, shall be bound, and shall have certain prescribed
phrases on the cover and title page. If the dissertation is accepted
by the faculty as satisfactory the copy submitted shall immediately
become the property of the University. Before the degree is conferred
the dissertation must be printed at the candidate's expense, and one hundred
copies deposited in the library of the University; or, if this be impracticable
on account of lack of time, the candidate must deposit with
the Bursar a sum of money sufficient to have a hundred copies of the dissertation
printed.

EXPENSES.

The necessary expenses of a Virginia student in the Department of
Graduate Studies may be estimated at from $245 a year upward, according
to the mode of living; for students from other States this minimum
should be increased by a sum ranging from $90 to $130 for tuition fees.
A fuller statement of expenses, including the conditions under which
Virginians and other students are entitled to free tuition, will be found
on pages 73-77 of the General Catalogue.

Applicants for degree of Doctor of Philosophy who are granted the
privilege of non-residence during a period of their candidacy, under the
conditions above stated, are required to register each year during such
period of non-residence, and to pay the annual university fee ($10 for
Virginians, $40 for students from other States).

SCHEDULE OF LECTURES AND EXAMINATIONS IN THE DEPARTMENT
OF GRADUATE STUDIES, 1918-1919.

Any change in the lecture-hours of a course involves a corresponding
change in the examination date.

The lecture-hours of courses which meet at hours not corresponding
to the periods indicated below will be found under Announcement of
Courses (pages 11-23). Their examination dates will be announced later.
Many C courses and most D courses meet at hours not arranged until the
beginning of the session. In case these lecture-hours, when arranged,
correspond to the periods tabulated below, the examinations will be held
on the dates named in this schedule. The examination dates of other
courses will be announced later.

                                                       

Hours	Monday, Wednesday, Friday	Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday	Hours
8 to 9	English C1	Philosophy C2	8 to 9
	Saturday, Dec. 13	Physics C2
	Thursday, Mar. 11	Saturday, Dec. 20
	Tuesday, June 1	Thursday, Mar. 18
		Tuesday, June 8
9 to 10	Analytical Chemistry C1	Economics C3	9 to 10
	Applied Mathematics C1	German C1 or C2
	Philosophy C1	Philosophy C3
	Friday, Dec. 12	Wednesday, Dec. 17
	Wednesday, Mar. 10	Monday, Mar. 15
	Thursday, June 10	Friday, June 4
10 to 11	Economics C1	Botany C1	10 to 11
	Mathematics D3	Mathematics C1
	Tuesday, Dec. 23	French C1
	Saturday, Mar. 20	Thursday, Dec. 18
	Monday, May 31	Tuesday, Mar. 17
		Saturday, June 5
11 to 12	Biblical Literature C1	Government C1	11 to 12
	History C1	Monday, Dec. 22
	Friday, Dec. 19	Friday, Mar. 19
	Wednesday, Mar. 17	Wednesday, June 9
	Monday, June 7
12 to 1	Latin C1	English Literature C1	12 to 1
	Monday, Dec. 15	Latin C2
	Friday, Mar. 12	Tuesday, Dec. 16
	Wednesday, June 2	Saturday, Mar. 13
		Thursday, June 3

ANNOUNCEMENT OF COURSES.

SCHOOL OF PRACTICAL ASTRONOMY.

Astronomy C1: Spherical and Practical Astronomy: Astronomy B1 and
Mathematics B2 prerequisite.—Spherical astronomy and theory of astronomical
instruments, with practical exercises in making and reducing astronomical
observations.—Hours by appointment. Adjunct professor Olivier.

Astronomy C2: Celestial Mechanics: Astronomy B1 and Mathematics
B2 prerequisite.—Rectilinear motion, central forces, potential; problems of
two, three and n bodies, perturbations, determination of a preliminary orbit.—Hours
by appointment. Adjunct Professor Olivier.

Astronomy D1: Advanced Practical Astronomy: Astronomy C1 prerequisite.—Determination
of the positions of the fixed stars, use of transit
instrument, equatorials and measuring machines.—Hours by appointment.
Professor Mitchell.

Astronomy D2: Theoria Motus: Astronomy B1 and Mathematics B2
prerequisite.—Determination of the position of an undisturbed body from
known elements, determination of the elements of an undisturbed orbit, theory
of special perturbations.—Hour by appointment. Professor Mitchell.

Astronomy D3: Advanced Celestial Mechanics: Astronomy C2 prerequisite.—Problem
of three bodies, and theory of general perturbations.—
Hours by appointment. Professor Mitchell.

Astronomy D4: Photographic Astronomy: Astronomy C1 prerequisite.—
Theory and reduction of astronomical photographs, including spectrograms.
—Hours by appointment. Professor Mitchell.

The Leander McCormick Observatory is situated upon Mount Jefferson,
which furnishes an unobstructed horizon. The principal building is a
rotunda forty-five feet in diameter, which contains the great Clark refractor
of twenty-six inches aperture. The instrument and building are the gift
of the late Leander J. McCormick, Esq., of Chicago. The telescope is fitted
with micrometer, photometer, and plate-holder for stellar photography.
The computing rooms adjoining contain clocks, chronograph, machines for
measuring astronomical photographs and spectrograms, and an excellent
working library. In a smaller building are a three-inch transit and a six-inch
equatorial. A temporary students' observatory, erected in the rear
of Dawson's Row, is intended primarily for the use of students in Astronomy
B1.

The members of the Visiting Committee of the Leander McCormick
Observatory are:

• THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY.

• THE RECTOR OF THE UNIVERSITY.

• MR. ROBERT H. MCCORMICK, JR.

• MR. LYMAN B. KENDALL.

• PROFESSOR E. C. PICKERING, DIRECTOR OF THE HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY.

• THE DIRECTOR OF THE LEANDER MCCORMICK OBSERVATORY.

JOHN B. CARY MEMORIAL SCHOOL OF BIBLICAL HISTORY
AND LITERATURE.

Biblical Literature C1: Any two B courses from the English Group, prerequisite.—The
origin and history of the English Bible: The canon; the
text; the English versions.—Mon., Wed., Fri., 11-12. Professor Forrest.

Biblical Literature D1.—The religious ideas of the Bible, or the theology
of the Old and New Testaments.—Hours by appointment. Professor
Forrest.

MILLER SCHOOL OF BIOLOGY.

A laboratory fee of $5 is charged for each course.

Any course may be withdrawn unless elected by at least four students.

Botany C1: Biology B1 prerequisite.—The evolution of plants based on
a morphological study of a series of types, which will represent the more
important families of algae, fungi, liverworts, mosses, ferns and seed
plants. The principles of classification are considered and illustrated.—One
hour a week will be devoted to a study of periodical literature. Tues.,
Thurs., Sat., 10-11. Laboratory, 6 hours a week. Professor Lewis.

Botany D1.—Advanced work along some of the lines indicated above.
The work will be varied to suit the needs of the students applying for the
course.—Hours by appointment. Professor Lewis.

Zoölogy C1: Biology B1 prerequisite.—Experimental zoölogy. A comparative
study of the morphology and behavior of typical invertebrates.—
Two lectures and two three-hour laboratory periods weekly. Abstracting
of periodical literature one hour each week. Hours by appointment. Professor
Kepner.

Zoölogy D1.—Principles of animal histology. Protoplasm, cell organization,
and tissue formation. The student is required to become familiar
with the principles of histological technique and to make his own preparations.—Two
lectures and two three-hour laboratory periods a week. Also
a weekly meeting of one hour for a discussion with the instructor of current
literature and of the problems arising out of the students' work.
Hours by appointment. Professor Kepner.

Further advanced work may be arranged to meet the needs of students.

SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY.

Students taking courses in Chemistry are required to pay for each
course a laboratory fee of $10, and to make a special deposit of $5 to cover
breakage of apparatus.

Chemistry C1: Physical Chemistry: Chemistry B1, B2, Analytical
Chemistry B1, C1 and Physics B1 prerequisite.—This course treats such topics
as the gas laws, kinetic theory of gases, the properties of dilute solutions,
molecular weights, mass action, reaction velocity, electrolysis and
electromotive force, the phase rule, etc. Emphasis is placed upon the application
of physico-chemical laws in the solution of chemical problems.
The laboratory work consists of a course in physico-chemical measurements
from the point of view of their use in chemical research. Hours
by appointment. Professor Bird and Associate Professor Carter.

Chemistry D1: Advanced Inorganic Chemistry: Chemistry C1 prerequisite.—The
lectures deal with the fundamental theories and laws of chemical
action. Parallel reading in the history of chemistry and classic researches
are required. In the laboratory the study of chemical reactions is taken up
in an advanced way, and when the student has shown proper fitness he undertakes
work upon some special problem in inorganic chemistry.—Hours
by appointment. Associate Professor Carter.

Chemistry D2: Advanced Organic Chemistry: Chemistry C1 prerequisite.—The
lectures deal with selected topics in organic chemistry. Reading
from the scientific journals and reference books. The laboratory work
involves a study of typical problems, designed to teach methods of investigation
which are widely applicable. Hours by appointment. Professor
Bird.

Chemistry D3: Advanced Physical Chemistry: Chemistry C1 prerequisite.—This
course will be given only as occasion demands, and the nature of
the work will be arranged for the individual student. It is intended for
those seeking the degree of Doctor of Philosophy who elect to do work in
physical chemistry.—Hours by appointment. Professor Bird and Associate
Professor Carter.

The Chemical Journal Club meets every week for the critical review
and discussion of various topics of interest in current chemical literature,
and of such chemical researches as may be in progress in the University.
All instructors and advanced students in chemistry are expected to participate
in these meetings and to take part in the discussions. The privileges
of the club are extended to all persons in the University or in the
vicinity of Charlottesville who are interested in the progress of chemistry.

SCHOOL OF ANALYTICAL AND INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY.

Students taking courses in analytical chemistry are required to pay a
special tuition fee of $40 for each course. Each student is required also to
pay a laboratory fee of $10, and to make a deposit of $10 for one course,
or $15 for two courses, to cover the cost of apparatus.

Analytical Chemistry C1: Quantitative Analysis: Analytical Chemistry
B1 prerequisite.—Training in manipulation and gravimetric estimations, followed
by volumetric estimations and a full course in quantitative analysis
of minerals, ores, coal, soil, iron and steel, technical products, and so on.

Weekly written exercises are required. As the student advances in the
course he is encouraged to undertake original research and assist in its
prosecution. Mon., Wed., Fri., 9-10. Laboratory, 12 hours or more a
week. Professor Dunnington and Mr. Robertson.

Students who accomplish the work of Analytical Chemistry B1 and C1
and Industrial Chemistry B1, together with Chemistry B1, B2, and C1, are
prepared for entering upon work in the several lines of industry.

Analytical Chemistry D1: Analytical Chemistry C1, Industrial Chemistry
B1, and Chemistry B1, B2 and C1 prerequisite.—The work is adapted to the
special aims or tastes of each student, but will, in all cases, comprise some
practice in the more elaborate processes of analysis, ultimate and proximate
organic analysis, some study in analytical methods, and some original problems;
also the reading and the summarizing of extracts from current journals.
Laboratory work will be conducted daily, and suggestions and due
assistance given.—Hours by appointment. Professor Dunnington.

The Chemical Laboratory, recently completed, is of brick, fire-proof
construction, and the three floors afford 30,000 square feet of space. The
seven larger laboratories will accommodate 625 students, and, in addition
to these, there are smaller laboratories for the use of instructors and advanced
students. There are also rooms for assay furnaces, gas and water
analysis, photography, etc. The building is supplied throughout with water,
gas and electricity. A commodious working library is available for the
students, containing about 4,000 books directly related to chemistry, and
complete files of the more important chemical journals.

JAMES WILSON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS.

Economics C1: The Growth of American Industry and Commerce:
Economics B1 and any other B course in Group IV, prerequisite.—Economic
principles as illustrated by American experience, with a study of the influence
of economic conditions upon American social and political development.
The work is mainly topical, and the topics receiving chief emphasis
vary from year to year.—Mon., Wed., Fri., 10-11. Mr. Snavely.

Economics C2: Public Finance: Economics B1 and one other B course
in Group IV, prerequisite.—First and second terms: The general principles
of public finance, with a detailed investigation of state and local taxation.
Third term: The financial institutions and methods of the federal government.
Mr. Snavely. Offered in alternate years with Economics CI.
Omitted in 1919-1920.

Economics C3: Money and Banking and International Trade: Economics
B1 and one other B course in Group IV, prerequisite.—First and second
terms: Money and Banking: A study of monetary systems, forms of
money and monetary standards, price level and its fluctuations, principles
of banking accounts, national banking system and the Federal Reserve System,
government financing. Third term: International Trade: Sources of
raw materials and important commodities, shipping, trade agreements, commercial

treaties, tariffs, international exchange, reconstruction problems.—
Tues., Thurs., Sat., 9-10. Mr. Snavely.

Economics C4: Business Organization: Economics B1 and one other B
course in Group IV, prerequisite.—Forms of business organization, growth
of corporation, corporation laws of different States, sources of capital, different
kinds of stocks and bonds, borrowing power of corporations, profits
and distribution of earnings, use of surplus; governmental restrictions on
business and industry; problems of the war and of reconstruction.—Hours
by appointment. Mr. Snavely and Associate Professor Rogers.

Government C1: International Relations: Government B1, and one B
course in economics, commercial law, or commercial geography, prerequisite
(but, with the permission of the instructor, this course and Government B1 may
be taken together).—The nature of international law; the scope of existing
international government; the causes of modern wars; the problem of preserving
peace (peace projects of the past, the adequacy of arbitral machinery,
recent proposals); international economic relations; backward peoples;
the foreign policy of the United States; the problems of the war and of the
peace treaty.—Tues., Thurs., Sat., 11-12. Associate Professor Rogers and
Mr. Hart.

Government C2: State and Municipal Government: Government B1,
and one B course in economics, commercial law, or commercial geography, prerequisite.—The
problems of reconstructing state government, the trend of
constitutional development, and the political theories involved; the causes
and characteristics of urban growth and a description of municipal government
in the United States and Europe. Associate Professor Rogers and
Mr. Hart. Omitted in 1919-1920.

The following are courses of research. Competent students are guided
in the intensive and methodical investigation of selected topics, and the results
are presented for discussion. The members of the teaching staff of
the School will combine to give guidance and instruction. Hours by appointment.

Government D1: Politics and Jurisprudence.—Various concepts of the
state, of sovereignty, and of political obligation; American political theories;
the nature, sources, and forms of law, and its philosophical and sociological
aspects.—Hours by appointment. Associate Professor Rogers.

Government D2: Constitutional Aspects of Social and Economic Problems.—The
constitutional limitations on governmental action with respect
to property and industry; labor problems, the regulation of corporations,
interstate commerce, social legislation, the extension of federal authority,
etc.—Hours by appointment. Associate Professor Rogers. Omitted in
1919-1920.

Economics D1. Mr. Snavely.

Commercial Geography D1. Adjunct Professor Bardin.

CURRY MEMORIAL SCHOOL OF EDUCATION.

Courses for Teachers in Service.—Saturday courses in any subject offered
in the School of Education will be arranged for teachers in service,
if requested by at least five teachers. Degree credit will be allowed on the
same basis as in regular courses, provided that not more than one and one-half
session-hours of credit shall be given for the work in any course for
one year.

Recommendation of Teachers.—The recommendation of teachers is in
charge of the Bureau of Appointments, through which positions are secured,
not only for students in the School of Education, but for other students
who are known to be fitted to fill vacancies reported. In response
to requests from the proper authorities, teachers are recommended for positions
as instructors in colleges and normal schools, as superintendents, as
supervisors in special subjects, as principals or department teachers in high
schools, and as principals of elementary schools. The demand for teachers
has been greater than the supply. Correspondence in regard to this
matter may be addressed to the Bureau of Appointments, University, Virginia.

[39] Education C1: The Place of the Child in Society: Two B courses in
Education prerequisite.—First term: History of child life. Second term:
Survey of present problems. Third term: The out-of-school life of school
children.—Hours by appointment.

Education C2: School Administration: Education B7 and one other B
course in Education, prerequisite.—An advanced course in school administration,
dealing with the following: (a) Problems in the application of the
principles of scientific management to education: (b) School surveys: aims,
scope, method, and possibilities; (c) Principles governing the derivation,
standardization and application of standard education tests.—Hours by appointment.
Professor Manahan.

SCHOOLS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE.

Edgar Allan Poe School of English.

English C1: American Literature: Any two B courses in the Schools of
English and of English Literature, prerequisite. Biblical Literature B2 or History
C1 may also serve as one of the prerequisites.—1. American Lyric Poetry.
2. The American Novel. 3. The American Drama.—Mon., Wed., Fri., 8-9.
Professor Metcalf.

The following courses will be given in alternate years:

English D1.—Old English epic: Beowulf. Early English metrical
romances. Hours by appointment. Professor Metcalf.

English D2.—Edgar Allan Poe. Ralph Waldo Emerson.—Hours by
appointment. Omitted in 1919-1920.

Linden Kent Memorial School of English Literature.

English Literature C1: English Literature B1, and English Literature B2
or any B course in Group V, prerequisite.—The Elizabethan Drama. The
Modern Drama.—Tues., Thurs., Sat., 12-1. Professor Metcalf.

The following courses will be given in alternate years:

English Literature D1: The English Novel from Richardson to Scott.
The English Romantic Poets.—Hours by appointment. Professor Metcalf.

English Literature D2: The Pre-Shakespearean Drama. The English
Lyric. Omitted in 1919-1920.

CORCORAN AND ROGERS SCHOOLS OF GENERAL AND ECONOMIC
GEOLOGY.

Geology C1: Petrology: Geology B3 prerequisite.—(a) Physical Crystallography.
Determination of minerals and rocks in thin sections under
the microscope. Optical and microscopical mineralogy, with especial reference
to the behavior of minerals as constituents of rock masses. (b)
Petrography. The microscopic structure, mineralogical composition,
genetic relations, and distribution of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
rocks.—Lectures and laboratory work to the amount of 12 hours a
week throughout the year, by appointment. Professor Watson and Mr.
Holt.

Geology C2: Geology of Ore Deposits: Geology B1 prerequisite, and
Geology C1 in addition recommended.—The origin, nature, distribution, and
uses of the metallic products, with especial reference to those of the United
States.—Lectures, collateral reading, laboratory and field work, to the
amount of 12 hours per week throughout the year. Hours by appointment.
Professor Watson. Given in alternate years with Geology C3.

Geology C3: Geology of the Nonmetallic Minerals: Geology B1 prerequisite,
and Geology C1 in addition recommended.—The origin, nature, distribution,
and uses of the nonmetallic products, with especial reference to
those of the United States.—Lectures, collateral reading, laboratory and
field work, to the amount of 12 hours per week throughout the year, by appointment.
Professor Watson. Given in alternate years with Geology C2.

Geology C4: Geological Field Methods: Geology B1 prerequisite, and
Geology C1 in addition recommended.—Special course for students in geology
and engineering, designed to familiarize the student with the methods
employed and the instruments used in making topographic and geologic
maps. The structural relationships of rocks and the proper cartographic
representation of these occurrences in nature are especially emphasized.
Lectures and field work.—Hours by appointment. Adjunct Professor
Giles and Mr. Holt.

Geology C5: Structural Geology: Geology B1 or B2, and Geology B3,
prerequisite, and Geology C2 and C4 in addition recommended.—The causes,

manifestations, and recognition of the evidence of various types of earth
movements, and of the relation of topography to structure. Special emphasis
is given the regional and structural geology of the Atlantic States.
Lectures, collateral reading, preparation of papers, laboratory and field
work.—Hours by appointment. Adjunct Professor Giles. Given in alternate
years with Geology C6.

Geology C6: Invertebrate Paleontology: Geology B1 and one elementary
course in zoölogy, prerequisite.—Invertebrate fossils, their identification,
classification, and geologic and geographic distribution. The application of
fossils to stratigraphic and other geologic investigations will receive constant
emphasis. The student will be required to make collections in the
field and to prepare, identify, and classify the material.—Lectures, collateral
reading, laboratory and field work.—Hours by appointment. Adjunct Professor
Giles. Given in alternate years with Geology C5.

Geology D1: Advanced Geology: Geology B1 and B3 prerequisite.—A
thorough treatment of the broader problems of the science, involving the
knowledge of stratigraphical principles, as a preparation for independent research.
Stress will be laid upon field work, and the student will be required
to work up some particular region or formation, and report his results.
Topics involving a knowledge of the literature and growth of opinion in
relation to particular questions are assigned.—Hours by appointment. Professor
Watson and Adjunct Professor Giles.

Geology D2: Advanced Mineralogy and Petrography: Geology C2 and
C3 prerequisite.—Adapted to the needs of the individual student. Properly
qualified students may pursue work directed along the line of crystallography
(crystal measurements and drawings, and crystal optics), chemical
mineralogy (mineral or rock analysis), or petrographic research.—Hours
by appointment. Professor Watson.

Geology D3: Advanced Economic Geology: Geology C2 and C3 prerequisite.—Special
topics in mining geology for advanced students, selected
according to the needs of the individual student. Lectures, laboratory and
field work, reading, reports and theses.—Hours by appointment. Professor
Watson.

Geology D4: Economic Geology of the Southern Appalachians: Geology
C2 and C3 prerequisite.—Detailed study of the mining geology of the
region, especially that of Virginia. Excursions to various parts of the
region will be taken and individual reports required. Original investigation
of an assigned area, based upon field work, is required of each student.—
Hours by appointment. Professor Watson.

Geological Seminary: Review and discussion of the more important
current geological literature, and the preparation of papers on special subjects
based on field and library investigations. All instructors and advanced
students in geology are expected to take part in the discussions at these
meetings. Time to be arranged.

The Lewis Brooks Museum contains collections illustrating the main
subdivisions of natural history. Each of the collections is arranged so as to

exemplify the principles of the science, and at the same time offers a large
variety of subjects for advanced study. In geology the specimens show all
the different kinds of rocks, classified according to mineral character and
the formation in which they occur; the collection of fossils, plaster casts,
maps, etc., is exceptionally fine, and fully illustrates historical geology. In
mineralogy the principles of the science are made plain by well-chosen suits
of specimens, models of crystals, etc. The general collection of minerals
contains all the important species, and many of the rarer ones, in good
specimens. In addition to the above, a beginning has been made of a collection
to illustrate the geology and mineralogy of the State of Virginia,
and this is being increased as rapidly as possible.

SCHOOL OF GERMANIC LANGUAGES.

German C1: German B1 and B2 prerequisite.—Conducted in German.
First term: Die Tragödie der Klassiker; Seminar: Schillers Wallenstein.
Second term: Der deutsche Roman, 1795-1870. Third term: Seminar:
Goethes Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre; Kellers Der Grüne Heinrich. Tues.,
Thurs., Sat., 9-10. Professor Faulkner. Given in alternate years with
German C2. Given in 1918-1919.

German C2: German B1 and B2 prerequisite.—First term (conducted in
English): Historical grammar, with selected readings in specimens of
early New High German prose and poetry. Second and third terms (conducted
in German): Goethes Jugend: Gedichte bis 1775; die Leiden des
jungen Werthers; Götz von Berlichingen; Dichtung und Wahrheit. Seminar:
Goethes Faust, I. und II. Teil.—Tues., Thurs., Sat., 9-10. Professor
Faulkner. Given in alternate years with German C1.

The following courses are open only to candidates for a doctor's degree
in one of the Schools of English, English Literature, Latin, Greek, Romanic
or Germanic Languages, who have already completed not less than one year
of graduate work as candidates for that degree. Only one course will be
given in any one session. German C1 or C2 prerequisite. Three hours a
week, by appointment. Professor Faulkner.

German D1.—Gothic and Old High German.

German D2.—Middle High German, with readings in the Nibelungenlied.

German D3.—Middle High German, with readings in Walther von der
Vogelweide.

SCHOOL OF GREEK.

Greek C1: Greek B2 prerequisite.—Thucydides II; Aristophanes, Acharnians
and Frogs; Euripides, Bacchae; Sophocles, Agamemnon; Aeschylus,
Prometheus; Theocritus, selections.—Hours by appointment. Professor
Webb.

Only one of the following courses will be given in any one session.
Greek C1 prerequisite. Hours by appointment. Professor Webb.

Greek D1.—Sophocles.

Greek D2.—Aristophanes.

Greek D3.—Greek epigraphy, palaeography, and text-criticism.

CORCORAN SCHOOL OF HISTORY.

History C1: History of the United States: History B1 and B2 prerequisite.—Mon.,
Wed., Fri., 11-12. Professor Dabney.

Only one of the following courses will be given in any one session.

History D1: History B1 and B2 prerequisite.—Intellectual, moral, religious
and social development of Europe.—Hours by appointment. Professor
Dabney.

History D2: History B1, B2 and C1 prerequisite.—History of the Reconstruction
of the Southern States.—Hours by appointment. Professor
Dabney.

SCHOOL OF LATIN.

Latin C1: Latin B1 and B2 prerequisite.—History of the Latin Language,
with oral and written exercises. Tacitus, Annals; Cicero, Letters; Plautus,
Captivi; Terence, Phormio; Horace, Satires and Epistles; Cicero, De Oratore
and Orator; Tacitus, Dialogus de Oratoribus. The literary life of the Romans.
—Mon., Wed., Fri., 12-1. Professor Fitz-Hugh and Adjunct Professor McLemore.

Latin C2: Latin B1 and B2 prerequisite.—History of the Latin Language,
with oral and written exercises. Tacitus, Histories; Pliny, Letters; Plautus,
Mostellaria; Terence, Andria; Juvenal, Satires; Lucretius, De Rerum Natura;
Cicero, De Natura Deorum. The philosophic life of the Romans. Tues.,
Thurs., Sat., 12-1. Professor Fitz-Hugh and Adjunct Professor McLemore.

Latin D: Latin C1 or C2 prerequisite.—A three-year course for those
who desire to specialize in classical philology, especially those who choose
Latin as their major for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. If the candidate's
major be Latin, a respectable familiarity with Greek is required. If
the candidate's major be Romanic, the technical Greek requirement is
waived as far as practically possible, and he is guided into the history of
the Roman popular vernacular and into an acquaintance with the authors
illustrating the Vulgar Latin in literature. It is the aim of this course to
prepare the candidate to investigate independently the sources of our knowledge
of the language, monuments (literary and objective), and life of the
Romans. The following is, therefore, an outline of the course: I. In Language:
Elements of comparative grammar; introduction to Latin historical
grammar; systematic grammar; reading of epigraphic and literary monuments
illustrating the history of the Latin Language. II. In the Literary
and Objective Monuments of the Romans: Reading of authors in groups
systematically planned to illustrate the literary life of the Romans; history
and interpretation of texts; elements of palaeography, epigraphy, numismatics,
topography and remains. III. In Roman Life: Constructive study

of Roman culture-history; reading of authors illustrating the development
of Roman civilization; study of modern authorities in Roman culture-history.—Hours
by appointment. Professor Fitz-Hugh, Adjunct Professor
McLemore.

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS.

Mathematics C1: Mathematics B1 and B2 prerequisite.—Analytical geometry
of three dimensions; advanced differential and integral calculus; differential
equations.—Tues., Thurs., Sat., 10-11. Professor Echols.

Mathematics D1: Mathematics C1 prerequisite.—A course in differential
geometry.—Hours by appointment. Professor Page.

Mathematics D2: Mathematics C1 prerequisite.—A course in ordinary
and partial differential equations.—Hours by appointment. Professor Page.

Mathematics D3: Theory of Functions: Mathematics C1 prerequisite.—
Mathematical analysis for advanced students.—Mon., Wed., Fri., 10-11.
Professor Echols.

SCHOOL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS.

Applied Mathematics C1: Applied Mathematics B1 prerequisite.—First
term: Mechanics of machines. Second term: Stability of structures. Third
term: Hydraulic motors and pumps.—Mon., Wed., Fri., 9-10. Professor
Thornton.

For more advanced courses in theoretical mechanics, refer to the School
of Physics.

CORCORAN SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY.

Philosophy C1: The History of Philosophy: Two of the following
courses prerequisite: Philosophy B1, B2, B3, B4.—The lectures trace the development
of philosophical thought from the early Greeks to the middle
of the nineteenth century. The endeavor is made to present the various
philosophical systems in their relation to the civilization of the age to
which they belong, and to estimate their social and political significance.
—Mon., Wed., Fri., 9-10. Professor Lefevre.

Philosophy C2: Psychology: Two of the following courses prerequisite:
Philosophy B1, B2, B3, B4.—A brief survey of the history of psychology,
followed by a study of the psychology of group living, with special
reference to instinct and emotion, the sentiments, the psychology of
the crowd, the genesis and growth of social institutions, etc.—Tues., Thurs.,
Sat., 8-9. Associate Professor Balz.

Philosophy C3: Recent Philosophical Tendencies: Open to students
who have taken or are taking Philosophy C1.—First term: A discussion of
certain problems of philosophy as an introduction to the work of the succeeding
terms. Second and third terms: The principal movements in
philosophy since Hegel, with special reference to the philosophies of
Schopenhauer, Spencer, Nietzsche, Bradley, Royce, Dewey, James, and
Bergson.—Tues., Thurs., Sat., 9-10. Associate Professor Balz.

Only one of the following courses will be given in the session 19191920:

Philosophy D1: Admission on approval of the professors in charge.—
Empiricism and rationalism. The empirical movement as represented by
Locke, Berkeley, and Hume, and the rationalistic movement as represented
by Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz, are studied with reference to their
distinctive methods.—Hours by appointment. Professor Lefevre and Associate
Professor Balz.

Philosophy D2: Admission on approval of the professors in charge.—The
critical philosophy of Kant. A study of the Critique of Pure Reason, of the
Critique of Practical Reason, and of the Critique of Judgment. Special
attention is given to Kant's relation to previous philosophical systems, to
the development of his own philosophy, and to the interrelation of the
three Critiques.—Hours by appointment. Professor Lefevre and Associate
Professor Balz.

Philosophy D3: Admission on approval of the professors in charge.—A
study of Fichte's Wissenschaftslehre; of selections from Schelling's works;
and of Hegel's Logic.—Hours by appointment. Professor Lefevre and Associate
Professor Balz.

Further advanced work in philosophy, including the critical study of
recent tendencies, will be arranged in accordance with the needs of individual
students.

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS.

A laboratory fee of five dollars is charged for Physics B1, C1, C2.

Physics C1: General Physics, Selected Topics: Physics B1 and Mathematics
B1 prerequisite.—The work in the classroom emphasizes the general
principles of dynamics and their application to physical problems, special
attention being given to the properties of matter and thermodynamics.
The laboratory work develops the basic principles of accurate measurement.
Laboratory, 6 hours per week.—Hours by appointment. Associate
Professor Sparrow.

Physics C2: Electricity and Optics: Physics B1 and Mathematics B1.—
Electricity is given during the first half year, optics during the second. The
elements of the mathematical theory and outlines of important modern
conceptions are given in the lectures. In the laboratory, especial attention
is paid to methods of measurement.—Tues., Thurs., Sat., 8-9. Laboratory,
4 to 6 hours per week. Professor Hoxton.

The following courses vary from year to year, ranging over the more
important fields of Physics in a cycle of about three years. Physics C2 and
Mathematics C1 constitute a sufficient preparation for all these courses,
and at least one of these will be necessary. For students not fully prepared
in both mathematics and physics a conference with the professor
will be necessary to determine which courses can be undertaken with profit.

Physics D1: Theory of the Potential and Allied Topics.—Deals with

those branches of mathematical physics which depend on the solution of
partial differential equations. Associate Professor Sparrow.

Physics D2: Advanced Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory of Gases:
The mathematical theory and an account of the state of experimental
knowledge of the subject. Professor Hoxton.

Physics D3: Dynamics: A general course in dynamics, including
hydrodynamics and the theory of elasticity. Associate Professor Sparrow.

Physics D4: Conduction of Electricity through Gases: Chiefly the experimental
side of the subject.—Hours by appointment. Professor Hoxton.
Associate Professor Sparrow.

Physics D5: Theory of Electrons, Electromagnetic Theory of Light:
The mathematical theory and an account of the state of experimental
knowledge of the subject. Associate Professor Sparrow.

Physics D6: Introduction to Mathematical Physics.—A brief treatment
of the topics of attraction, hydrodynamics, Fourier series and conduction
of heat, wave motion and electromagnetic theory. Professor
Hoxton. Given in 1918-19.

Journal Meeting: The faculty and advanced students in physics and
astronomy meet once a week for the presentation and discussion of current
research. The students, as well as the professors, take an active part
in the presentation of these reports.

The Rouss Physical Laboratory is a commodious building, characterized
throughout by structural stability. The rooms are abundantly lighted,
while some may be darkened for optical experiments. There is a general
distribution of water and all the rooms are supplied with gas and electricity.
The equipment includes an exceptionally complete collection of demonstration
apparatus, and a good stock of apparatus for elementary laboratory
instruction. In addition to this, there is a special line of electrical and
optical instruments, a 21½-foot concave grating with Rowland mounting,
photographic dark room, liquid air plant and storage battery, and an instrument
shop for the repair and construction of physical instruments.
For advanced work in some lines, the facilities offered are excellent.

SCHOOL OF ROMANIC LANGUAGES.

French C1: French B1, and one other B course in the School of Romanic
Languages, prerequisite.—Conducted in French. The novel. Tues., Thurs.,
Sat., 10-11. Professor Wilson.