 | The University of Virginia record February 1, 1919 |  |
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING.
Edwin Anderson Alderman, Ph.B., D.C.L., LL.D.
President.
William Mynn Thornton, B.A., LL.D.
Dean.
| Francis Henry Smith, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D. | West Lawn |
| Emeritus Professor of Natural Philosophy. | |
| William Mynn Thornton, B.A., LL.D. | Monroe Hill |
| Professor of Applied Mathematics. | |
| Francis Perry Dunnington, B.S., C.E., E.M. | University Heights |
| Professor of Analytical and Industrial Chemistry. | |
| William Holding Echols, B.S., C.E. | East Lawn |
| Professor of Mathematics. | |
| James Morris Page, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D. | McCormick Road |
| Professor of Mathematics. | |
| Thomas Leonard Watson, M.S., Ph.D. | University Place |
| Corcoran Professor of Geology. | |
| Robert Montgomery Bird, B.A., B.S., Ph.D. | University Place |
| Collegiate Professor of Chemistry. | |
| John Lloyd Newcomb, B.A., C.E. | Monroe Hill |
| Professor of Civil Engineering. | |
| Charles Hancock, B.S. | University Place |
| Professor of Mechanical Engineering. | |
| Llewellyn Griffith Hoxton, B.S., M.A., Ph.D. | Fry's Spring |
| Professor of Physics. | |
| Walter Sheldon Rodman, S.M. | University Place |
| Professor of Electrical Engineering. | |
| [1] Carroll Mason Sparrow, B.A., Ph.D. | Monroe Hill |
| Associate Professor of Physics. | |
| [2] Jared Stout Lapham, M.E. | Chancellor Street |
| Adjunct Professor of Experimental Engineering. | |
| John Jennings Luck, M.A., Ph.D. | Colonnade Club |
| Adjunct Professor of Mathematics. | |
| [3] Charles Scott Venable, M.A., Ph.D. | Colonnade Club |
| Adjunct Professor of Chemistry. | |
| Gardner Lloyd Carter, Ph.D. | Monroe Hill |
| Associate Professor of Chemistry. | |
| Paul Frank Brown, C.E. | Experimental Engineering |
| Henry Lewis Painter, M.E. | Experimental Engineering |
| Garth Clifford Boyer | Drawing |
| Channing Bolton Brown | Field-work |
| Donald Sinclair Calcott | Field-work |
| Brooks Bartlett Chamblin | Field-work |
| Herbert Harris Gwathmey | Field-work |
| James Ewell Brown Stuart, Jr. | Drawing |
| Percy Bruce Bass | Drawing |
| Howell Bossieux Eskridge | Field-work |
| William MacNeil Gilchrist | Drawing |
| Charles Aubrey Hammock | Field-work |
| James Beckwith Spratley | Drawing |
| Charles Rudyard Brown | Field-work |
| Noland Waldo Brown | Field-work |
| James O'Reilly Coleman | Field-work |
| Joseph Eugene Lyles | Field-work |
| [4] Joseph E. Chauncey | Field-work |
| [5] Manuel Gonzalez Quevedo | Field-work |
| [6] Charles Trabue Hatcher | Field-work |
| [7] William Holmes Davis | Field-work |
| [8] Frank Dameron Leach | Field-work |
| [9] Ralph McCoy Trimble | Field-work |
ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS.
For admission to the Freshman Class in the Department of Engineering
the candidate must be at least sixteen years old. He must present a
certificate of honorable withdrawal from the school last attended, or other
valid proof of general good character. He must further satisfy the Dean of
the University as to his adequate preparation for the work by passing the
Entrance Examinations specified below or by the presentation of equivalent
certificates of preparation signed by the president of a recognized institution
of collegiate rank, or by the principal of an accredited high school.
The topics required for entrance and their values in units as as follows, the
unit being one year's work on the subject in an accredited high school:
| English A.—Grammar and Grammatical Analysis | 1 |
| English B.—Composition and Rhetoric | 1 |
| English C.—Critical Study of Specimens of Literature | 1 |
| Mathematics A1.—Algebra to Quadratics | 1 |
| Mathematics A2.—Quadratics, Progressions, Binomial Formula | 1 |
| Mathematics B.—Plane Geometry | 1 |
| Mathematics C.—Solid Geometry | ½ |
| Mathematics D.—Plane Trigonometry | ½ |
| History.—Ancient; Mediæval; English; American (any one) | 1 |
| Electives | 7 |
| Total | 15 |
High school students who expect to study Engineering are advised to
include among their electives Physical Geography, Chemistry, Physics, Mechanical
Drawing, and shop-work (valued at one unit each). Other electives
which may be offered are History of English and American Literature
(1 unit), History (4 units), Latin (4 units), Greek (3 units), German (4
units), French (4 units), Spanish (4 units), Botany (half unit), Zoölogy
(half unit).
A candidate may be admitted as a Conditioned Student in spite of some
deficiencies, provided these are not such as will impair the integrity of his
work. But no such candidate will be conditioned except upon subjects actually
taught in this university, nor will any candidate be conditioned on
more than two units; and all conditions must be absolved before the beginning
of the next session after initial registration. Courses taken for the
removal of entrance conditions may in no case be counted as part of the
work credited for any degree. No conditions will be allowed in English
A or B or in Mathematics A1, A2, or B.
A candidate may be admitted as a Special Student, without formal examination,
provided he is more than twenty years old, and gives evidence
of serious purpose and of fitness to pursue with profit the courses for
which he is registered. No special student may be a candidate for any degree.
No conditioned student may register later as a special student.
PROGRAMS OF STUDY.
The candidate who has satisfied the requirements for entrance as above
defined is matriculated as a student of Engineering and admitted to the
Freshman Class. The studies of this class comprise lecture courses in English,
Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, and Chemistry with associated
laboratory courses in Chemistry, Drawing, Shop-work and Field-work.
For advancement to the Sophomore Class the student must have completed
at least two-thirds of his Freshman work. Upon entering this class
he elects his specialty. The courses thereafter diverge according as the
student is an applicant for a degree in Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Chemical,
or Mining Engineering. Programs of study for each degree are given
below.
The courses are so ordered that the specified entrance requirements are
adequate for the work of the Freshman Year. Each succeeding year presupposes
the completion of the work for all the foregoing years. Students
are advised to adhere strictly to the regular programs. The arrangements
from the curriculum will in almost every case produce conflicts in lecture
hours or laboratory periods and may cost the student a year's time. Haphazard
election is discouraged and in extreme cases will be prohibited. No
student will be registered for a course unless, in the opinion both of the
Dean and of the professor, his preliminary training has fitted him for the
profitable pursuit of that course.
Students are especially advised against the attempt to crowd too many
studies into their scheme of work, and are warned that admission to advanced
courses will be granted only to those who have adequate mathematical
and scientific training to profit by them. Men overloaded with
work, too great in volume or in difficulty for their powers, suffer inevitable
discouragement and incur almost certain failure.
Changes of classes with transfer of fees may be made, subject to the approval
of the Dean, within two weeks after the beginning of any term.
Thereafter such changes may be made only by special order of the faculty,
and then without transfer of fees.
Upon the completion of the four years' course as defined in any one
of the Programs of Study, the faculty will award to any student in regular
and honorable standing the appropriate degree of Civil Engineer, Mechaniical
Engineer, Electrical Engineer, Chemical Engineer, or Mining Engineer.
COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.
The Subjects of Instruction in Engineering are grouped into classes,
each designated by a distinctive number for each term, the lecture and
laboratory courses being likewise differentiated. This grouping follows the
arrangement shown below:
| Mathematics | 100 to 199 |
| Physics | 200 to 299 |
| Chemistry | 300 to 399 |
| Geology and Mining | 400 to 499 |
| Applied Mathematics | 500 to 599 |
| Experimental Engineering | 600 to 699 |
| Civil Engineering including Field-work | 700 to 799 |
| Mechanical Engineering including Shop-work | 800 to 899 |
| Electrical Engineering | 900 to 999 |
Lecture courses are listed in the first fifty numbers of all classes; laboratory
or practice courses are listed in the second fifty numbers of all
classes. The same numbers are used in schedules of lecture hours, laboratory
periods and examination days.
In addition to the courses listed above all candidates for degrees in
Engineering matriculated after June, 1919, will be required to take the following:
Freshman Year:
English Literature A3, including studies in rhetoric and composition
composition.
Junior Year:
Economics B1, including the principles of economics followed by a
study of their bearing upon present American conditions.
Senior Year:
Business Administration, including cost-accounting, engineering contracts
and specifications, and engineering economics.
Suitable readjustments have been made in the engineering curriculum
to allow for the introduction of these new courses.
MATHEMATICS.
Professor Echols.
Professor J. M. Page.
Adjunct Professor Luck.
Freshman Mathematics. [Page and Luck.]
8-9, M. W. F.
100. Trigonometry.
A complete course in plane and spherical trigonometry is pursued with
constant drill in the solution of problems, and exercises in the use of logarithms.
(Fall.)
101. College Algebra.
The work begins with the progressions and proceeds with the study of
the binomial formula, of the convergence and divergence of series, and of
the binomial, exponential and logarithmic series. The study of inequalities
and determinants prepares for the theory of equations, with which the
course is closed. (Winter.)
102. Analytical Geometry.
In this elementary course the study of Cartesian and polar coördinates
is followed by numerous exercises on the graphical representation of equations.
Special attention is given to the straight line and the representation
of the general equation of the first degree in two variables. The course is
intended to prepare for the fuller study of the analytical geometry of the
conic sections. (Spring.)
Sophomore Mathematics. [Echols.]
11-12, M. W. F.
103. Conic Sections.
This course in analytical geometry reviews the topics of Course 102 and
completes the study of the conic in its particular and general forms. A
brief examination of curves referred to polar coördinates is then followed
by the special study of a number of classical curves. (Fall.)
104. Differential Calculus.
The differential calculus is expounded and illustrated by exercises in the
expansion of functions, evaluation of indeterminate forms and problems of
maximum and minimum for functions of one variable. The method is then
curve tracing. (Winter.)
105. Integral Calculus.
The integral calculus is taken up; the integral is defined, and exercises
in elementary integration prepare for the application to numerous problems
in lengths, areas and volumes. When time permits, a brief introduction
to ordinary differential equations will be given. (Spring.)
PHYSICS.
Professor Hoxton.
Associate Professor Sparrow.
200-201-201. Sophomore Physics. [Hoxton.]
10-11, T. Th. S.
The elements of mechanics, sound, heat, electricity and magnetism, and
light. Instruction is given by lectures, textbooks, recitations, and problems,
with experimental demonstrations. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)
203-204. Senior Physics. [Hoxton.]
8-9, T. Th. S.
The elements of the mathematical theory of electricity and magnetism
and an introduction to modern ideas of electricity are given. (Fall and
Winter.)
250-251-252. Physics Laboratory. [Sparrow and Assistants.]
9-11, M. W. F.
This course accompanies 200-1-2. Emphasis is laid upon fundamental
principles and the phenomena which underlie engineering problems. Written
reports of laboratory work are required. Problem work and oral recitation
on Friday. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)
253-254. Electricity and Magnetism Laboratory. [Hoxton.]
2-4, T. Th.
This course accompanies 203-4. Emphasis is laid upon methods of
standardizing and experimental studies in the behavior and underlying
principles of measuring instruments and other electric apparatus. (Fall
and Winter.)
CHEMISTRY.
Professor Dunnington.
Professor Bird.
Associate Professor Carter.
Adjunct Professor Venable.
300-301-302. General Chemistry. [Bird.]
9-10, T. Th. S.
The fundamental principles and phenomena of inorganic, organic and
physical chemistry are discussed, and the foundations of analytical chemistry
are dealt with at appropriate places. The time is mainly devoted to
inorganic phenomena. No previous study of chemistry is demanded. Laboratory
6 h. a. w.
303-304-305. Physical Chemistry.
12-1, T. Th. S.
The calculus is required, and previous training in physics is desirable.
This course will include work upon such topics as the gas laws, the kinetic
of molecular weights, mass action, reaction velocity and equilibrium,
electrolysis and electrolytic dissociation, the phase rule, etc. General
Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry prerequisite. Laboratory 9 h. a. w.
309-310-311. Organic Chemistry. [Venable.]
9-10, M. W. F.
This course is intended to serve as an introduction to the general subject
of organic chemistry, including chemical synthesis and the theories of
molecular structure, as applied to the compounds of carbon. General
Chemistry prerequisite. Laboratory 6 h. a. w.
330-331-332. Junior Analytical Chemistry. [Dunnington.]
9-10, T. Th. S.
First term: Chemical manipulation and blowpipe analysis. Second
term: Inorganic qualitative analysis of ores of lead, gold and silver. Third
term: Practice in the analysis of salts, alloys and ores, and the examination
of potable water, coal, limestone, clay and so on, including simple
quantitative determinations. Weekly written exercises are required. Laboratory
6 h. a. w.
333-334-335. Senior Analytical Chemistry. [Dunnington.]
9-10, M. W. F.
After some training in manipulation and gravimetric estimations, the
class pursues volumetric estimations and a full course in quantitative analysis
of minerals, ores, coal, soil, iron and steel, technical products, and so
on. Weekly written exercises are required. As the student advances in the
course he is encouraged to undertake original research and assist in its
prosecution. Laboratory 9 h. a. w.
The Chemical Journal Club meets every other Thursday from 11 a. m.
to 12 m., for the critical review and discussion of various topics of interest
in current chemical literature, and of such chemical researches as may be
in progress in the University.
Advanced courses are given in Organic Chemistry (C2), and in Inorganic
Chemistry (D1). These courses are described in the General Catalogue,
and are recommended to all students of Chemical Engineering who
desire to prepare for the prosecution of research work.
GEOLOGY AND MINING.
Professor Watson.
Professor Thornton.
400-401-402. Engineering Geology. [Watson.]
10-11, M. T. W.
A course of three lectures a week and three hours for private study.
Special emphasis is given to the study of common rock-forming minerals
and rocks, building stones and ores. The divisions of dynamical, structural
and physiographical geology are covered in considerable detail, and the
practical applications of the topics treated to engineering work are pointed
out. Laboratory 6 h. a. w.
403-404-405. Economic Geology. [Watson.]
11-12, M. T. W.
This course is designed to give a general but comprehensive account of
products of the earth with especial reference to those of the United States.
Lectures and collateral reading six hours a week. Laboratory 6 h. a. w.
406-407-408. Petrography. [Watson.]
12-1, M. T. W.
This course aims to give a full knowledge of the determination of the
common rock-forming minerals and rocks in thin sections under the microscope.
It includes discussion of the microscopic structure, mineralogical
composition, genetic relations, and distribution of igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic rocks. Lectures and preparation to the amount of six hours
per week. Laboratory 6 h. a. w.
420-421-422. Mining. [Thornton.]
12-1, Th. F. S.
Mine surveying, exploitation of mines, mining machinery and the uses
of electricity in mining. (Fall, Winter, Spring.)
APPLIED MATHEMATICS.
Professor Thornton.
Professor Newcomb.
Freshman.
9-10, M. W. F.
521. Plane Surveying.
Lecture courses: Theory, uses, and adjustments of compass, level,
transit, and stadia. Special methods of land, city, topographic and mining
surveys. Survey computations and maps.
Field course: Practical use of chain and tape, level, compass, transit,
and stadia. Field notes, records and reports.
523. Mechanical Drawing.
Lecture courses: Plane problems, conic sections, graphic algebra.
Projections of prisms and pyramids; of cylinders, cones and spheres; of the
plane sections and intersections of solid bodies.
Practice course: each week the student executes a finished plate
15″ × 20″ of exercises in mechanical drawing based on the lectures.
523. Descriptive Geometry.
Lecture course: Fundamental problems on the point, line, and plane.
Projections, tangencies, and intersections of curved surfaces. Applications
to shades and shadows, problems in mining, and so on.
Practice course: each student executes a weekly plate 15″ × 20″ of
problems based on the lectures.
Sophomore.
12-1, M. W. F.
524. Graphical Statics.
Lecture course: Graphic composition and resolution of forces; centers
of gravity and moments of inertia; strain sheets for simple types of roof
and bridge trusses; beams under fixed and rolling loads; reservoir dams
and retaining walls; internal stresses and beam deflections.
Practice course: each student executes a weekly plate 15″ × 20″ of
problems based on the lectures.
525. Structural Drawing.
Lecture course. Graphic analysis of steel and timber trusses for roofs
and bridges; of solid beams and plate girder bridges; and of reinforced concrete
slabs, girders, columns, and retaining walls.
Practice course: Design and detailed drawings of simple examples of
roofs and bridges, with complete computations for each structure.
526. Elementary Mechanics.
Lecture course. Composition and resolution of forces; friction; problems
in equilibrium; rectilinear motion, circular motion, projectile motion.
Practice course: Solution of weekly problems in mechanics by graphical
and analytical methods.
Junior.
9-10, T. Th. S.
527. Applied Mechanics.
Review of elementary mechanics; dynamics of a particle; moments of
inertia; revolving bodies; rolling bodies; theory of work and energy;
collision of elastic solids; dynamics of the Steam Engine.
Weekly problems are assigned for solution by graphical and analytical
methods.
528. Strength of Materials.
Fundamental laws of stress and strain; straining actions and stresses
in ties and struts, beams and shafts, reinforced concrete slabs and girders;
deflections in simple, restrained and continuous girders; columns under
axial and eccentric loads. Laboratory course, 660.
529. Hydraulics.
Equilibrium of fluids, applied to the analysis and design of thin and
thick shells and pipes, dams and weirs: Motion of fluids and discharges
from orifices, weir notches, pipes, canals, and rivers. Principles of linear
and angular momentum with applications to the analysis and design of hydraulic
motors and pumps. Laboratory course, 680.
Laboratory studies in Strength of Materials and Hydraulics are given
in the Classes in Experimental Engineering.
EXPERIMENTAL ENGINEERING.
Adjunct Professor Lapham.
The courses are principally conducted in the laboratories, but lectures
are given to explain the manufacture of materials, the design and operation
of equipment, methods of testing, and the reasonable interpretation
of the results.
650. Road Materials Testing.
Samples of stone are tested for specific gravity, absorption, cementing
value, toughness, resistance to abrasion, and compressive strength.
viscosity, fixed carbon, etc. (Spring.)
660. Structural Materials Testing.
Standard tests for Portland cement; tests of fine and course aggregates
proportioning of concrete by sieve analysis and Fuller's curve;
compression tests of cement, mortar, and concrete; tension, compression,
and torsion tests of metals; transverse tests of timber and cast iron; autographic
testing. The Standards of the American Society for Testing
Materials are used as a guide and reference. (Fall.)
661. Structural Materials Testing.
This course is similar to 660 but is arranged to cover part of the
work in a shorter time. (For Electrical and Mechanical Engineers.)
(Fall.)
670. Fuel and Oil Testing.
Standard methods for sampling coal; determination of the heating
value of coal by the bomb calorimeter, with a study of the cooling correction;
proximate analysis of coal; the heating value of gas by the Junker
calorimeter; determination of viscosity, flash point, chill point, and
specific gravity of oils; the coefficient of friction for lubricants. (Winter.)
671. Fuel and Oil Testing.
This course includes the tests for oil given in 670 and a brief study
of coal testing. (For Civil Engineers.) (Winter.)
680. Hydraulic Testing.
The measurement of the flow of water by standard orifices and weir
notches; calibration of a piston meter; tests of the Venturi meter; determination
of the coefficient of friction for pipe and pipe elbows; economy
and capacity tests of pumps. (Spring.)
690. Power Testing.
The calibration and adjustment of gauges; calibration of thermometers,
planimeters, and indicators; valve setting; determination of clearances;
flue gas analysis; steam quality tests; mechanical and thermal efficiency
tests of a steam engine; tests of a gasoline engine; test of the University
Power Plant boilers. (Fall.)
691. Power Testing.
This course is a continuation of 690. Complete test of a steam engine;
guarantee test of a steam turbine with method for correcting to
standard conditions; turbine tests; tests of an air compressor; tests of a
centrifugal blower. The Power Test Code of the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers is used throughout. (Winter.)
Engineering Reports.
Instruction is given in the arrangement of material, its presentation by
tables and curves, and in computing with the slide rule and by logarithms.
covers a series of tests corresponding to the usual commercial or research
investigation, and must meet the standards of professional practice.
CIVIL ENGINEERING.
Professor Newcomb.
Sophomore.
12-1, T. Th. S.
702. Railroad Engineering.
Lectures on reconnoissance and preliminary surveys, office location,
field location; the construction, maintenance and operation of railroads.
Special attention is given to questions of railway economics. (Fall.)
714. Materials of Construction.
A descriptive study of the materials used in engineering structures, together
with their characteristics and proper preparation. Lectures on the
design and construction of foundations for bridges and buildings. (Winter.)
703. Roads; Streets; Street Railways.
Lectures on the principles of road location; the construction and maintenance
of earth roads, broken stone roads, gravel roads; the pavements
for city streets and sidewalks; the location and construction of street railways.
(Spring.)
Junior.
10-11, T. Th. S.
701. Curves and Earthwork.
Lectures on simple, compound, transition and vertical curves; the form
of excavations and embankments, earthwork surveys, computation of volumes,
formation of embankments, computation of haul, cost of earthwork,
blasting. Practical exercises in map drawing and topography. (Fall.)
705. Bridges.
Lectures on the design and construction of standard types of steel and
timber bridges. (Winter.)
718. Masonry Structures.
Lectures on the theory of reinforced concrete; the design and construction
of selected types of masonry structures. Practical exercises in design,
together with structural drawing. (Spring.)
Senior.
8-9, T. Th. S.
707. Waterworks and Sewers.
Lectures on the quality, sources, collection, conveyance, purification,
and distribution of city water supplies; the laws of flow in pipe lines and
aqueducts; the drainage of houses and streets; the collection and conveyance
of sewage; the disposal of sewage; the construction and maintenance
of works. Practical exercises in the design of pipe lines and sewers..
(Spring.)
PRACTICE COURSES.
751. Railroad Surveying.
5 hours a week.
This course supplements 701, Curves and Earthwork. The class is divided
into squads, each squad making complete surveys, maps, profiles, and
estimates for a mile of located line. (Fall and Spring.)
755. Bridge Drafting.
12 hours a week.
This course accompanies 705, Bridges. Each student is required to
make complete design and detail drawings of one plate girder and one selected
type of bridge truss. (Winter.)
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.
Professor Hancock.
Sophomore.
12-1, T. Th. S.
800. Elementary Steam Engineering.
A study of commercial fuels and their uses in the production of power;
of the properties of steam and the methods of measuring pressure, temperature
and humidity; of the design and construction of steam boilers, chimneys,
superheaters, economizers, feed-water heaters and condensers; of the
steam engine, steam turbine, pumps and injectors. Weekly problems for
private solution. (Fall.)
801. Steam Power Plants.
The economic design and operation of steam power plants. The subject
is treated in lectures with assigned reading. Each student is expected
to produce during the term a complete design of a plant to satisfy assumed
conditions. (Winter.)
802. Machine Design.
Straining actions in machine elements; friction and lubrication; riveted
fastenings, screws and screw fastenings; keys, cotters, and forced fits;
axles, shafting and couplings, journals and bearings; belt and rope transmissions;
toothed gearing. Weekly problems for private solution. (Spring.)
Senior I.
9-10, M. W. F.
803. Internal Combustion Engines.
A study of the thermal problems of internal combustion engines, gas
producers, air compressors and motors and hot air engines. Weekly exercises
and problems. (Fall.)
804. Steam Engines and Steam Turbines.
A study of the thermal problems of steam engines, steam turbines and
refrigerating machinery. Weekly exercises and problems. (Winter.)
805. Engine Design.
A study of the mechanical problems involved in the design of machines
discussed in the two previous courses; inertia effects, stresses, strength of
parts, balancing, governing, etc. Weekly exercises and problems. (Spring.)
Senior II.
10-11, T. Th. S.
806. Kinematics of Machines.
A study of the applications of plane, spheric and screw motions in machines.
The course is principally devoted to valve gears, straight line motions,
cams, toothed wheels, and screw gears. Graphic methods are employed
and the work is almost wholly on the drawing board. (Fall.)
807. Locomotive Engineering.
A study of the steam locomotive. The problems of inertia effects, balancing,
tractive force, track and train resistances, hauling capacity, etc., are
treated in lectures. Clear physical conceptions are gained by careful examination
and study of the machine itself. For a knowledge of its history and
present development, general reading and written reports are required. (Spring.)
809. Automobile Construction.
A study of the engine, including details of construction, ignition, combustion
and balancing; of the transmission, running gear and control; of
electric starting and lighting systems. The course is conducted by lectures,
with assigned reading and shop-work in taking down, reassembling and
testing an automobile. See Course 859 below for the practice. (Fall.)
859. Automobile Laboratory.
This course supplements 809, and is devoted to the testing and work
upon automobiles. (Fall.)
SHOP-WORK.
Shop Instruction is given for its educational value. The purpose of this
Department is to train engineers, not artisans; and the claims of the shops
are not permitted to infringe on the more vital functions of the laboratories,
the drafting rooms, and the lectures.
Courses 860, 861 are required of all students of engineering; 862, 863 of
students of mechanical and electrical engineering; 864, of mechanical engineering
students only.
860. Wood Shop.
3 hours a week.
Bench exercises in sawing, planing, boring, chiseling, tool sharpening.
Lathe exercises in turning between centers and on a face plate.
Machine-tool exercises in the production of useful articles.
861. Machine Shop.
3 hours a week.
Bench exercises in chipping and filing.
Engine-lathe exercises in turning, boring, and thread cutting.
Machine-tool exercises in drilling, planing, shaping, and milling.
862. Forge Shop.
3 hours a week.
Exercises in forging iron and steel; forging and tempering center
punches, cold chisels, lathe and planer tools.
863. Pattern-making and Foundry.
6 hours a week.
Simple solid and split patterns and core boxes; core making, moulding
and casting.
864. Tool-making.
12 hours a week.
Exercises in tool making and tempering; jig making; precision methods
in machine-tool work.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.
Professor Rodman.
Junior.
Problem hour, 12-1, Th. Lectures, 10-11, M. W. F.
900. Elements of Electrical Engineering.
Lectures treating fundamental principles of Electrical Engineering;
basic ideas and fundamental units discussed; magnetic circuits and continuous
electric currents treated in detail; electromagnetism carefully studied.
Special attention is given to the physical conceptions involved, and numerous
assigned problems exemplify and broaden the theoretical discussions.
(Fall.)
901. Direct Current Machines.
Lectures on the theory, construction, characteristics, and operation of
direct current generators and motors and the accessory apparatus required
for the proper management and control of these machines. The principles
of testing such machines are carefully discussed. Problems illustrating the
methods of calculation involved in continuous current circuits and practical
examples from standard engineering practice form an important part of the
work. (Winter.)
902. Periodic Currents.
Lectures on electrostatic phenomena, variable currents, alternating currents,
and alternating current circuits, both single and polyphase. A careful
study is made of circuits with periodic currents and their characteristics
when resistance, inductive reactance and capacity reactance are present in
their various combinations. Extensive problem work is required to facilitate
the treatment of simple and complex circuits. (Spring.)
Senior I.
Problem hour. 12-1, F. Lectures, 10-11, T. Th. S.
903. Alternating Current Machinery.
Lectures on the theory, construction, characteristics, and operation of
alternating current generators, synchronous motors, rotary converters, and
transformers. These machines are considered as units and as integral parts
of electrical systems. The principles of testing such apparatus under various
conditions of loading are discussed, and assigned problem work illustrates
the theory and practice. (Fall.)
904. Alternating Current Machinery.
10-11, T. Th. S.
This course is a continuation of 903. The lectures treat more particularly
alternating current motors, induction, series and repulsion types, with
their characteristics and control apparatus. Methods of testing are outlined
and graphical methods of calculation and predetermination of operating
characteristics are discussed. Problems taken from engineering practice
serve to broaden and fix the theoretical deductions. (Winter.)
905. Electric Power Transmission.
10-11, T. Th. S.
Lectures on systems of transmission and distribution, with a detailed
consideration of the electrical characteristics of transmission lines; the electrical
equipment of stations and sub-stations, including generating apparatus,
switchboards, control systems and protective devices; systems of transformation
and the economic considerations which influence the design of
the complete electrical system. (Spring.)
Senior II.
12-1, T. Th. S.
906. Illumination and Photometry.
Lectures on light, its physical properties; illuminants and their characteristics;
shades and reflectors; photometry, standards and apparatus; illumination
calculations for point and surface sources; principles of interior,
exterior, decorative, and scenic illumination. Problems illustrating computations
necessary for the consideration of the Illumnating Engineer are assigned.
(Fall.)
907. Electric Traction.
Lectures on the various types of electric motors for traction purposes,
controllers and systems of control, brakes, rolling stock, track, train performance,
and electric railway economics. A discussion with problems of
the complete electrification system for electric railways, including generating
apparatus, transmission, sub-stations and equipment, distribution, and
utilization of electrical energy for car propulsion. (Winter.)
Senior III.
11-12, M. W. F.
910. Direct Current Systems.
Lectures dealing with the fundamentals of electrical circuits and direct
current machinery. Problem work accompanies the lectures. The course
is essentially for the non-electrical engineering students. (Fall.)
911. Alternating Current Systems.
Lectures covering the fundamentals of alternating current circuits and
machinery. Brief expositions of the subjects of electric lighting and power
fundamentals. For non-electrical engineering students. (Winter.)
912. Electrical Equipment.
Lectures and computations dealing with the choice, arrangement, and
systems of wiring and control governing the approved methods of installation
of electrical equipment for industrial uses. For non-electrical engineering
students. (Spring.)
920-921-922. Wireless Telegraphy and Signaling.
A course of lectures once a week dealing with the theory and operation
of wireless telegraph installations, and standard methods of signaling, with
particular reference to their use in war. The lectures are supplemented by
(Fall, Winter, Spring.)
941. Engineering Economics.
8-9, M. W. F.
Lectures and parallel reading on the economic considerations involved
in engineering problems.
LABORATORY COURSES.
950-951-952. Direct Current Laboratory.
This course supplements 900-1. The laboratory work is devoted to a
study of electrical instruments, their use and manipulation; simple electrical
circuits and study of direct current apparatus and its operation; characteristics
of generators and motors. (Fall, Winter, Spring. 5 h. a. w.)
953-954-955. Alternating Current Laboratory.
This course supplements 902-3-4, dealing with measuring instruments
for alternatng current circuits; series and parallel circuits and their characteristics;
polyphase circuits, balanced and unbalanced; and alternating
current generator, motor and transformer characteristics. (Fall, 4 hours a
week; Winter, 6; Spring, 4.)
956. Photometric Laboratory.
This course accompanies 906. Photometric tests are made upon different
types of incandescent lamps. The operating characteristics of incandescent
and are lamps are studied. Tests of illumination, interior and exterior,
are carried out. Study of photometric standards and devices. (Fall,
2 h. a. w.)
960-961-962. Electrical Laboratory.
This course supplements 910-11-12. The work of the first term is devoted
to direct current tests; the second term exercises are on alternating
current circuits and machines; the course in the third term is largely concerned
with calculations and drawings for typical industrial equipments of
electrical machines and controls. (Fall, Winter, Spring. 4 h. a. w.)
970-971-972. Signaling Laboratory.
6 hours a week.
This course supplements 920-1-2. The greater part of the time is devoted
to practice in code receiving and sending by wireless telegraphy.
Some time is devoted to other standard methods of communication. (Fall,
Winter, Spring.)
The University of Virginia branch of the American Institute of Electrical
Engineers holds regular meetings for the discussion of periodical literature
and the exposition by resident and visiting engineers of present-day
problems in Electrical Engineering.
| Classes | Lec. | Lab. | Topics | ||
| M. | T. | ||||
| W. | Th. | ||||
| F. | S. | ||||
| Freshman | Math. | 8-9 | Trig.—Anal. Geom.—College Algebra | ||
| Ap. Math. | 9-10 | 10-12 M.W.F. | Surveying—Drawing—Descriptive Geom. | ||
| Chem. | 9-10 | 10-12 T.Th.S. | General Chemistry. | ||
| English | 12-1 | Rhetoric—Composition—Literature | |||
| Shop-work | 3 h. a. w. | Woodshop—Machine Shop—Forge Shop | |||
| Field-work | 6 h. a. w. | Field Surveys—Computations—Maps | |||
| Sophomore | Math. | 11-12 | Conic Sections—Calculus, Dif. and Int. | ||
| Ap. Math. | 12-1 | 8-10 T.Th.S. | Graph Statics—Structural Draw.—Mechs. | ||
| Physics | 10-11 | 8-10 M.W.F. | General Physics | ||
| Civ. Eng.—Soph. | 12-1 | Railways—Materials—Highways | |||
| Mech. Eng.—Soph. | 12-1 | Steam Engs.—Power Plants—Mach. Design | |||
| Exp. Engineering | 6 h. a. w. | Road Materials (Stones—Asphalts—Tars) | |||
| Junior | Ap. Math. | 9-10 | Ap. Mechs—Strength of Mats.—Hydraulics | ||
| Civ. Eng.—Jun. | 10-11 | Curves and Earthwork—Bridges—Masonry | |||
| Elec. Eng.—Jun. | 10-11 | 5 h. a. w. | Electricity—D. C. Machs.—Periodic Cur. | ||
| Chem.—Anal. | 9-10 | 6 h. a. w. | Qualitative Analysis | ||
| Chem.—Organic | 12-1 | 6 h. a. w. | Organic Chemistry | ||
| Economics | 9-10 | Principles of Economics—Applications | |||
| Exp. Engineering | 6 h. a. w. | Fuels—Lubricants—Materials—Hydraulics | |||
| R. R. Surveying | 9 h. a. w. | Surveys—Maps—Profiles—Estimates | |||
| Bridge Drafting | 9 h. a. w. | Bridge Design—Detail Drawings | |||
| Senior | Business Admin. | 8-9 | 6 h. a. w. | Costs Accounting—Contracts—Economics | |
| Civ. Eng.—Sen. | 8-9 | Waterworks—Sewers—Sewage Disposal | |||
| Mech. Eng.—Sen. I | 9-10 | Gas Engines—Steam Engs.—Engine Design | |||
| Mech. Eng.—Sen. II | 10-11 | Machine Kinematics—Locomotive Engines | |||
| Elec. Eng.—Sen. I | 10-11 | 5 h. a. w. | A. C. Machinery—Power Transmission | ||
| Elec. Eng.—Sen. II | 12-1 | 2 h. a. w. | Electric Lighting—Electric Traction | ||
| Elec. Eng.—Sen. III | 11-12 | 4 h. a. w. | D. C. Systems—A. C. Systems—Equipment | ||
| Chem.—Anal. | 9-10 | 9 h. a. w. | Quantitative Analysis | ||
| Chem.—Phys. | 12-1 | 9 h. a. w. | Physical Chemistry | ||
| Chem.—Indus. | 2-4 | Chemistry of Manufactures | |||
| Geol.—Engineering | 10-11 | 6 h. a. w. | Geology with special engineering applications | ||
| Geol.—Economic | 11-12 | 6 h. a. w. | Special study of American geologic resources | ||
| Petrography | 12-1 | 6 h. a. w. | Study of rock forming minerals and rocks | ||
| Mining | 12-1 | Mine Surveys—Coal Mining—Metal Mining | |||
| Exp. Engineering | 6 h. a. w. | Power plant, engine and turbine tests | |||
| Shop-work | 12 h. a. w. | Pattern-Making—Foundry—Tool-Making | |||
| Freshman | Sophomore | Junior | Senior | |
| Civil Engineering |
Mathematics 100-1-2 | Mathematics 103-4-5 | Applied Math. 527-8-9 | Business Administration |
| Applied Math. 521-2-3 | Applied Math. 524-5-6 | Civil Engineering 701-5-18 | Civil Engineering 707 | |
| Chemistry 300-1-2 | Physics 200-1-2 | Economics B1 | Mechanical Engin. 800-1 | |
| English A3 | Civil Engineering 702-3-14 | Exp. Engin. 660-71-80 | Electrical Engin. 910-11-12 | |
| Shop-work | Exp. Engineering 550 | R. R. Surveying 751 | Geology 400-1-2 | |
| Field-work | Bridge Drafting 755 | |||
| Mechanical Engineering |
Mathematics 100-1-2 | Mathematics 103-4-5 | Applied Math. 527-8-9 | Business Administration |
| Applied Math. 521-2-3 | Applied Math. 524-5-6 | Electrical Engin. 910-11-12 | Mechanical Engin. 803-4-5 | |
| Chemistry 300-1-2 | Physics 200-1-2 | Economics B1 | Mechanical Engin. 806-7 | |
| English A3 | Mechanical Engin. 800-1-2 | Exp. Engin. 661-70-80 | Exp. Engineering 590-1 | |
| Shop-work | Shop-work | |||
| Field-work | ||||
| Electrical Engineering |
Mathematics 100-1-2 | Mathematics 103-4-5 | Applied Math. 527-8-9 | Business Administration |
| Applied Math. 521-2-3 | Applied Math. 524-5-6 | Economics B1 | Electrical Engin. 903-4-5 | |
| Chemistry 300-1-2 | Physics 200-1-2 | Electrical Engin. 910-11-12 | Electrical Engin. 906-7 | |
| English A3 | Mechanical Engin. 800-1-2 | Exp. Engin. 661-70-80 | Mechanical Engin. 803-4 | |
| Shop-work | Exp. Engineering 590-1 | |||
| Field-work | ||||
| Chemical Engineering |
Mathematics 100-1-2 | Mathematics 103-4-5 | Analytical Chem. 330-1-2 | Business Administration |
| Applied Math. 521-2-3 | Applied Math. 524-5-6 | Organic Chem. 309-10-11 | Analytical Chem. 333-4-5 | |
| Chemistry 300-1-2 | Physics 200-1-2 | Electrical Engin. 910-11 | Physical Chem 303-4-5 | |
| English A3 | Mechanical Engin. 800-1-2 | Economics B1 | Industrial Chem. | |
| Shop-work | Applied Math. 529 | |||
| Field-work | ||||
| Mining Engineering |
Mathematics 100-1-2 | Mathematics 103-4-5 | Geology 400-1-2 | Business Administration |
| Applied Math. 521-2-3 | Applied Math. 524-5-6 | Analytical Chem. 330-1-2 | Mining 420-1-2 | |
| Chemistry 300-1-2 | Physics 200-1-2 | Mechanical Engin. 800-1 | Geology 403-4-5 | |
| English A3 | Civil Engineering 702-3-14 | Electrical Engin. 910-11 | Geology 406-7-8 | |
| Shop-work | Economics B1 | |||
| Field-work | Applied Math. 529 |
EXPENSES OF REGULAR STUDENTS.
The average annual expenses of a student who pursues the regular
course in Engineering will be:
| Outside Students |
Virginians | |
| University Fee | $ 40 | $ 20 |
| Tuition and Laboratory Fees (average) | 120 | 80 |
| Living Expenses (for nine months) | 290 | 290 |
| Books and Drawing Materials | 20 | 20 |
| Incidental Expenses (for nine months) | 45 | 45 |
| Total for average conditions | $515 | $455 |
The charges for Tuition are uniform to all students, except that Virginians
are relieved of tuition on courses offered in the College. The fee
for each collegiate class taken will be $25, with the addition of the prescribed
laboratory charges, which are $5 per class for Physics and $15 for
Chemistry. For each class in Analytical Chemistry a special fee of $50 is
charged for tuition, plus $10 for apparatus and supplies. The fee for each
technical lecture-course is $30, for each practice-course in drawing $15, for
each laboratory or practice-course in Engineering, Shop-work, or Fieldwork,
$5. These fees include all charges for laboratory materials; but the
student is held further responsible for breakage.
The Living Expenses include board, lodging, fuel and lights, servant
and laundry; the average under war conditions is $32 a month, the minimum
$22, and a reasonable maximum $37. Books and Drawing Materials
will cost about $80 for the four-year course. Incidental Expenses
ought to be kept within modest bounds; the above estimate is sufficient;
large allowances of pocket money promote idleness and attract companions
of the baser sore. No allowances are made for clothing or travel, the
expenses for which vary too much to be introduced into any general estimate.
The charges payable on entrance are the University fee, the contingent
deposit of $10 and the tuition and laboratory fees.
EXAMINATIONS AND REPORTS.
Oral examinations are held at the beginning of each lecture hour on the
topics of the preceding lecture. Written test papers are set monthly, or at
such interval as the professor may appoint. Absences from lecture except
by reason of sickness are not excused without a written leave from the
Dean. Class standing is determined on the basis of the oral examinations
and the written tests. Absence from the latter or failure to answer incurs
a zero grade. Absences from laboratory periods, however caused, must be
made up by special private arrangement with the instructor.
Written examinations are held at the end of each term on the entire
class-standing gives his term-grade. The pass-mark is seventy-five
per cent. Absence from the written term examination incurs a zero term-grade,
which may not be removed except by the passage of a special written
examination on the work of that term. Such special examinations are
granted only upon presentation of a written certificate from a reputable
physician that the student by reason of sickness on the day of the regular
examination was unable to attend.
Regular Reports are sent out at the end of every term to the student's
parent or guardian. These state for each course followed the term-grade
and the number of absences. Further comment may be added by the Dean
or the professor, if it appears probable that such comment would be helpful
to the student. Parents are urged to examine these reports carefully
and to exert such parental influence as may seem needed to establish and
confirm the student in habits of industry and order.
Special Reports are sent to parents at the end of each month for students
delinquent in attendance or studiousness and for delinquents only.
When a student is making steady progress and showing due diligence in his
work, only the regular reports are sent. The receipt of a special report is
evidence that, in the judgment of the faculty, prompt and pointed parental
admonition is urgently needed.
If in any class in the Department of Engineering a student fails to
make satisfactory progress, he is first admonished by the professor in
charge. In default of prompt and permanent improvement, he is next
formally warned by the Dean. If due amendment is then not immediately
effected, the student's name is dropped from the rolls of the Department,
on the ground that he is not accomplishing the purposes for which he
should have entered upon a University course of study.
REGULATIONS.
The following regulations, adopted to define the policy of the faculty,
are published for the information and guidance of the students:
1. Practice-courses as well as lecture-courses must be conducted under
the Honor System. The student who submits any work to be graded
is considered to submit it under pledge.
2. When the lecture-course and the associated practice-course are given
in the same term of the same year, no student will be admitted to examination
on the lecture-course until he has completed at least three-fourths of
the practice-course.
3. No student will be admitted to any practice-course unless he is at
the same time pursuing the associated lecture-course, or has already received
credit for the same.
4. No student will be admitted to the graduating examination on a
lecture-course unless he has been present at more than half the lectures in
that course.
5. In the technical courses in Engineering (i. e., courses not given in
the College) term-grades shall not be averaged; except that the term-grades
for Freshman Applied Mathematics may be averaged for the first-year
men only, provided no mark is below 65.
6. The pass-mark in every course is 75. Class standing is estimated at
20 points; the written examination at 80 points.
7. No student who fails to make 75 on term-grade shall be granted another
examination on the course until he has again attended lectures on
that course.
8. Special examinations are not given except by reason of sickness on
the day of examination, attested by the written certificate of a reputable
physician, or for other like providential causes. In every case they must
be validated by special vote of the faculty.
9. A student whose term-grades average less than 40 for all the courses
in which he is registered shall be at once dropped from the rolls. If his
average is above 40 with no mark above 65, he is placed on probation.
10. A student on probation, who in the next term makes less than 65 on
each and all his courses, shall be at once dropped from the rolls.
ADVANCED STANDING.
Under the elective system of the University of Virginia, a student who
has completed courses of college or university grade in other institutions of
learning on mathematical or scientific subjects may be excused from attendance
upon these courses by the Dean, with the advice and consent of
the professors in charge, and will then be registered for the more advanced
work.
In order to secure College Credit upon such courses toward a degree in
Engineering from this University, the applicant must show—
1. That the courses offered are coextensive with the corresponding
courses as given in the University of Virginia.
2. That his grades on them were not below the seventy-five per cent.
pass-mark of this University.
Such credits may be granted by the faculty upon the recommendation
of the Dean and the professors in charge; but are automatically revoked by
the failure of the student to pass in the more advanced courses in the related
topics.
The same rules apply to Credits on Summer School Courses; except
that for courses in the Summer School of this University the examination
questions must be prepared by the professor in charge of the regular
course, and the answers must be read and graded by him.
Credits on Practice-Courses in Drawing, Shop-work, or Field-work
may be granted to applicants who have gained in professional practice the
training which these courses represent. Such applicants must file with the
Dean proper certificates from the official under whom the work was done
is desired. College credit is not granted for high-school work.
DRAFTING ROOMS.
The drafting rooms are abundantly lighted and are provided with solidly
constructed tables with locked drawers for instruments and materials.
Each student is assigned to a table and has a drawer for his exclusive use.
The regular Drawing Classes execute each one plate a week under the
supervision of the Instructors in Drawing. The more advanced students
have such additional drawings assigned by their respective professors as
are needed for the full development of the courses of study.
Careful attention is given to the training of the students in free-hand
lettering, in the conventional signs of mechanical drawing, in the proper
lay-out of drawings, and in neat and accurate execution. Exercises are required
also in tracing and in blue-printing, the rooms for which are conveniently
arranged and in close contiguity to the drafting rooms. While,
however, technical dexterity is demanded, the graphical method is taught
and used primarily as an indispensable instrument of research, the thoughtful
mastery of which is essential for the instructed Engineer.
The construction and theory of the Polar Planimeter, the Slide Rule,
and the Pantograph are carefully taught, and the student is trained in the
practical use of these appliances for the rapid and accurate production of
estimates and copies from finished drawings.
SHOPS.
The machine shop is provided with six first-class engine lathes, illustrating
the practice of the best American makers; with a planer, a shaper,
two drill presses, a universal milling machine (Brown & Sharpe), and a universal
grinder (same makers); also with a gas forge for tempering tools, a
cut-off saw for metal rods, an emery wheel, grindstone, and so on.
The wood shop is furnished with five small lathes, a large pattern-maker's
lathe, a jointer, a planer, a saw bench for slitting and cross-cutting,
a band-saw, a jig-saw, and a wood trimmer for pattern-making, six cabinetmaker's
benches, and an ample supply of hand tools.
The foundry has a cupola furnace for working cast iron, a brass furnace,
a core oven, and all needful accessories for moulding and casting;
the blast for the cupola is furnished by a special blower, driven by a small
high-speed steam engine.
The forge room is equipped with Buffalo down-draft forges; and the
necessary smith's tools; the draft is furnished by an engine-driven blower,
and the exhaust is operated by a fan driven also by the engine.
EXPERIMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORIES.
Road Materials Laboratory.—The apparatus for tests of non-bituminous
road materials includes a two-cylinder Deval abrasion machine, a ball
mill, a moulding press for briquettes of rock dust, a Page impact cementation
brick rattler. This outfit the University owes to the generous aid of the
late Dr. Logan Waller Page. In addition, the Department has acquired a
40,000-pound compression tester, a diamond core drill, a diamond rock saw,
a grinding lap, a Westphal balance, specific gravity apparatus, and a complete
set of sieves. Useful researches in the road-building rocks and
gravels of Virginia, as well as the standard tests, are conducted each year
by the class in Civil Engineering.
The apparatus for tests of bituminous road materials includes the New
York Testing Laboratory penetrometer, the Kirschbaum ductility machine,
the Engler viscosimeter, the asphalt viscosimeter, the New York Testing
Laboratory extractor, the New York State Board of Health oil tester, Hubbard
pyknometers, asphalt flow plates, gas and electric hot plates, and the
accessory apparatus needed for research on bituminous road-binders.
Structural Materials Laboratory.—The Sinclair Laboratory for work
in testing structural materials was founded on the original donation of Mrs.
John Sinclair, of New York City, as a memorial to her late husband. The
collection has since been considerably enlarged. It contains a Riehle
100,000-pound machine, arranged for tensile, compressive, and transverse
tests, with an attachment for taking autographic diagrams; an Olsen
100,000-pound machine fitted with a suspended ball compression block; an
Olsen torsion machine of 50,000-inch-pounds capacity; a Ewing machine
for finding the modulus of elasticity; hand machines for testing rods and
wires under pull, and small specimens of timber and cast iron under
transverse loads. It is also equipped with accessory measuring instruments;
these include a Henning extensometer, an Olsen compressometer,
and a Ewing optical extensometer of great delicacy.
The laboratory is completely equipped for making tests of cement,
cement aggregates, and concrete. It contains a Fairbank's tensile tester of
1,000 pounds capacity; an Olsen steaming oven for accelerated tests; an
Olsen drying oven with automatic temperature regulation; moist air closets;
sieves for mechanical analysis; moulds for tension and compression
tests; and the required small apparatus.
Fuel and Oil Laboratory.—For the determination of the heating value
of coal, petroleum, etc., the laboratory has an Emerson bomb calorimeter.
For gas calorimetry, a Junker calorimeter made by the American Meter
Co. is used. The equipment also includes a Braun gas muffle furnace, a
Brown high resistance pyrometer, balances, platinum crucibles, etc., For
investigating the coefficient of friction for lubricants, the laboratory has an
Olsen-Cornell oil tester, and is further equipped with such apparatus as
flash and chill point testers, hydrometers, viscosimeters, etc., used in the
determination of the physical properties of oils.
Hydraulics Laboratory.—The laboratory equipment for work in hydraulics
comprises a steel tank for weir experiments with interchangeable
bronze notches; a hook gauge for measurement of surface levels; a standpipe
efflux; commercial pipe and elbows arranged for determining friction
losses; and the necessary scales, tanks, manometers, etc. It also includes
a pump which is piped to circulate water from a cement cistern to a tank
in the attic of the building.
Power Laboratory.—The laboratory is equipped to illustrate the theory
involved in Mechanical Engineering; to give practical instruction in the
handling of machinery; and to teach the fundamental methods of experimental
work. It contains a Ball high-speed engine; a De Laval turbine
with condensing and non-condensing nozzles, which is direct-connected to
a 20-kva. alternating-current generator; an Otto gasoline engine with a
special piston for alcohol; a Wheeler surface condenser to which the exhaust
from any of the steam units may be connected; a Sturtevant blower;
an air compressor; an A. B. C. Pitot tube; a steam pump; steam traps, etc.
For boiler tests, the boilers of the University Heating and Lighting Plant
are used.
The instrument room contains all necessary apparatus for carrying out
complete tests. Among this may be mentioned indicators, thermometers,
gauges, planimeters, with standards for their correction and calibration;
two types of Orsat apparatus; separating and throttling calorimeters, etc.
FIELD WORK IN CIVIL ENGINEERING.
The outfit of field instruments contains compasses, transits, and levels
of various approved makes; a solar transit, furnished also with stadia wires
and gradienter for tachymetric work; hand-levels and clinometers for field
topography; plane tables; a sextant; together with an adequate supply of
leveling rods, telemeter rods, signal poles, chains, tapes, pins, and so on.
For hydraulic surveys a hook gauge and a current meter are provided. All
students are instructed in the theory and adjustments of the field instruments
and in their practical use in the field. They are also required to
make up their field-books in standard forms; to reduce their surveys and
execute all the necessary profiles, plans, and maps; and to determine
lengths, areas, and volumes both from the maps and from the original
notes. Polar planimeters are provided for facilitating such estimates, and
a pantograph for making reduced copies of finished drawings.
In recognition of the growing interest in Good Roads in Virginia and
the immense social and economic importance of the construction of such
roads in all parts of the commonwealth, the Faculty of the Department of
Engineering has rearranged the courses of instruction in this topic and
brought them together into the Spring Term, so as to form a special course
in highway engineering for the benefit of young men from Virginia who
wish to go into public highway work. To such Virginians, if adequately
prepared and recommended, free scholarships will be given. Application
should be made to the Dean, accompanied by recommendations from the
county.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY.
The Scott Laboratory of Electrical Engineering.—This laboratory was
initially equipped and endowed by Mrs. Frances Branch Scott, of Richmond,
Va., as a memorial to her late son, an alumnus of this University.
During the year 1910 the equipment was substantially increased through
the generosity of the Hon. Charles R. Crane, of Chicago, Ill., a friend of
the University. During 1912 still further substantial additions were made,
consisting of measuring instruments, auxiliary control apparatus, and more
particularly a steam-turbine-driven three-phase alternating-current generator
with exciter and control switchboard.
In addition to full sets of electric meters with the applicances for testing
and calibrating them, galvanometers of the best modern types, standard
cells and resistances, standard condensers, and other pieces of apparatus
for minor tests, this laboratory contains numerous pieces of the very best
construction. Such are the Wolff potentiometer, the Seimens and Halske
Thomson double bridge, the Koepsel permeameter, the Duddell double projection
oscillograph, the Station photometer with Lummer-Brodhun screen,
the Carey-Foster bridge and others. For the work in machine-testing
there are a number of direct-current generators and motors, series, shunt
and compound, an interpole motor, a double current generator, a two-phase
alternator, a General Electric experimental test set for alternating
current, comprising a generator furnishing single, two, three, six or twelve-phase
current, and, in addition, offering three types of induction motors
with all necessary starting and controlling devices, a single-phase repulsion
motor, a two-phase induction motor, two three-phase induction motors,
several pairs of constant voltage transformers, a constant current transformer,
frequency meters, power factor indicator, synchronism indicator,
ground detector and the auxiliary apparatus used in testing these machines.
The laboratory has been arranged with a system of universal plug and
receptacle-connections to facilitate the setting up of all experimental combinations.
BUILDINGS.
The buildings devoted wholly or in part to the work of the Department
of Engineering are the following:
The Mechanical Laboratory is the main seat of the instruction in technical
studies. It is 180 by 70 feet and contains on the main floor the Dean's
office and the offices of the other professors; the main lecture-room; the
laboratory of electrical engineering; and the drafting-room for the First
and Second-Year students. Above are a smaller drafting-room for advanced
students, and blue-print and photographic rooms. Below on the
ground floor are another classroom, the testing laboratories, the wood
students' lavatory.
The Power House is a single-story building 110 by 40 feet. In addition
to the University boiler plant and the electric lighting plant, this contains
the foundry and the forge-room. The boiler plant consists of two horizontal
return-tubular boilers, each of 140 horse-power. The lighting plant
consists of three electric generators directly connected to high-speed engines,
the respective capacities being 25, 50, and 75 kilowatts. The whole
plant is available for purposes of instruction, study and experiment.
The Geological Museum is 120 by 50 feet. It is a three-story building.
The main floor is devoted to the very extensive geological collection of
specimens, charts, relief maps, and so on. The gallery above contains an
equally good collection of minerals and numerous models of typical crystallographic
forms. The upper floor contains the lecture-rooms and the laboratories
of Economic Geology. In the basement are stored subsidiary collections
and new material accumulated in more recent geological surveys.
The Physical Laboratory faces the Mechanical Laboratory on the opposite
side of the quadrangle, and has almost the same proportions. The
main floor contains the lecture-room, the professors' offices, the laboratory
of experimental physics, and the storeroom for the very large collection
of apparatus used in the lectures. On the ground floor is the laboratory of
theoretical electricity, the storage battery room, a well-equipped shop for
the repair and manufacture of apparatus, and smaller rooms for the work
of graduate students.
The new Chemical Laboratory was opened for use in September, 1917.
In this fire-proof structure all the work in Chemistry is assembled. The
floor area provided is about 30,000 square feet. The lecture-rooms seat
classes of 300, 75 and 25 students. The laboratories assigned to General
Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Qualitative Analysis, Quantitative Analysis,
and Physical Chemistry contain 110, 60, 40, 30, and 20 desks. Altogether
by dividing classes into sections, 600 students may be accommodated.
Smaller private laboratories are provided for research workers. Large
stock rooms communicating by elevators with the several floors contain
ample stores of chemical supplies. The 5,000 volumes of books and bound
sets of journals constituting the Departmental Library of Chemistry are
so housed as to be accessible to both teachers and students.
LECTURE HOURS AND EXAMINATION DAYS.
| Hours | Monday, Wednesday, Friday | Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday | Hours |
| 8:00 to 9:00 |
Freshman Math. | Senior Civil Engineering | 8:00 to 9:00 |
| Business Administration | |||
| Physics Laboratory | Sophomore Drawing Laboratory | ||
| Examination Day I | Examination Day VIII | ||
| 9:00 to 10:00 |
Freshman Applied Math. | Junior Applied Math. | 9:00 to 10:00 |
| Senior Analytical Chem. | General Chemistry: Freshman | ||
| Senior Mech. Engin. I | Junior Analytical Chem. | ||
| Economics | |||
| Physics Laboratory | Sophomore Drawing Laboratory | ||
| Examination Day X | Examination Day IV | ||
| 10:00 to 11:00 |
Junior Electrical Engineering | Physics: Sophomore | 10:00 to 11:00 |
| Engineering Geology | Junior Civil Engineering | ||
| Senior Mech. Engineering II | |||
| Senior Elec. Engineering I | |||
| Freshman Drawing Laboratory | Freshman Chem. Laboratory | ||
| Examination Day VI | Examination Day V | ||
| 11:00 to 12:00 |
Sophomore Mathematics | 11:00 to 12:00 |
|
| Economic Geology | |||
| Senior Elec. Engineering III | Freshman Chem. Laboratory | ||
| Freshman Drawing Laboratory | |||
| Examination Day II | Examination Day III | ||
| 12:00 to 1:00 |
Sophomore Applied Math. | Sophomore Civil Engineering | 12:00 to 1:00 |
| Organic Chemistry | Sophomore Mech. Engineering | ||
| Petrography | Senior Elec. Engineering II | ||
| Physical Chemistry | |||
| Freshman English | |||
| Examination Day IX | Examination Day VII |
| The University of Virginia record February 1, 1919 | |