University of Virginia Library

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT.

                               

WILLIAM M. THORNTON, LL. D.	Professor of Applied Mathematics.
CHARLES S. VENABLE, LL. D.	Professor of Mathematics.
FRANCIS H. SMITH, M. A., LL. D.	Professor of Natural Philosophy.
JOHN W. MALLET, M. A., Ph. D., LL. D., F. R. S.,	Professor of Chemistry.
FRANCIS P. DUNNINGTON, B. S.,	Professor of Analytical Chemistry.
WILLIAM M. FONTAINE, M. A.	Professor of Mineralogy and Geology.
W. HOLDING ECHOLS, B. S., C. E.,	Adj. Professor of Applied Mathematics.
EDWIN K. O'BRIEN, B S., C. E.	Instructor in Civil Engineering.
CHARLES L. DeMOTT, B. S., C. E.	Instructor in Civil Engineering.
PHIPPS MILLER	Instructor in Civil Engineering.
GEORGE M. PEEK	Instructor in Mechanical Engineering.
HARRISON RANDOLPH	Instructor in Mathematics.
JAMES C. SOUTHALL, Jr.	Instructor in Physics.
JAMES H. CORBITT	Instructor in Physics.
REUBEN M. SEARCY, A. B.	Instructor in Chemistry.
CHARLES R. L. FINDLAY	Instructor in Chemistry.

This Department comprises the Schools of Applied Mathematics,
Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry,
and Mineralogy and Geology. The courses of study in the other
Schools are given in detail under the Academical Department. That
in the School of Applied Mathematics is as follows:

SCHOOL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS.

Professor Thornton.

Adjunct Professor Echols.

In this School three distinct courses of study are offered in Civil,
Mining, and Mechanical Engineering, leading in connection with suitably
selected courses from the Scientific Department to corresponding
professional degrees. Each course is designed to occupy for a well
prepared student a period of three years, and the following arrangement
of studies, while not obligatory, is recommended.

Course of Civil Engineering—

Junior: Engineering Geodesy, Descriptive Geometry.

Intermediate: Mechanics.

Senior: Bridge Construction, Hydraulic Engineering.

Course in Mining Engineering—

Junior: Engineering Geodesy, Descriptive Geometry.

Intermediate: Mechanics.

Senior: Mining, Steam Engineering.

Course in Mechanical Engineering—

Junior: Mechanics, Descriptive Geometry.

Intermediate: Steam Engineering.

Senior: Thermodynamics, Hydraulic Machinery.

The following outline of the several subordinate courses serves to
indicate their contents; each extends through the whole session.

1. Descriptive Geometry.—The course embraces a careful study of
the methods and processes of practical geometry, and their applications
in the construction of orthogonal, axonometric, and perspective projections,
and the solution of the more important constructive problems.
(Two lectures a week.)

Text-book.—Low's Practical Solid Geometry.

2. Mechanics.—The course embraces the principles of theoretical
mechanics, and their applications in the study of the resistance of materials,
the principles of hydraulics, and the design of simple structures
in masonry, timber, and iron. (Three lectures a week.)

Text-book.—Macgregor's Kinematics and Dynamics.

3. Engineering Geodesy.—The course embraces the study of the
construction and use of field instruments, the processes of land and
engineering surveying, and the methods for the reduction of surveys
and the projection of maps, together with applications to the location
and construction of roads and railroads. (Two lectures a week.)

Text-books.—Davies' Surveying; Shunk's Field Engineer; Gilmore's Roads,
Streets and Pavements.

4. Bridge Construction.—The course embraces the sources, properties
and uses of the various classes of building materials, the principles
of bridge location, the construction of foundations, the analysis
of highway and railway bridges in masonry, timber and iron, and the
detailed design of typical standard forms. (Three lectures a week.)

Text-books.—Baker's Masonry Construction; Thurston's Materials of Construction;
DuBois's Strains in Framed Structures.

5. Steam Engineering.—The course embraces the study of the
materials used in machine construction, the design of the elements of
mechanisms and the kinematics and dynamics of machines, the thermal
properties of air and steam, the mechanism of the steam engine, the
sources and properties of fuels, the waters used for the generation of
steam, the strength and power of steam boilers, the design of complete
steam plants consisting of boilers and engines, and the methods of testing
their power and efficiency. (Three lectures a week.)

Text-books.—Unwin's Machine Design; Holmes's Steam Engine; Spangler's
Valve Gears; Schwackhöfer's Fuel and Water; Whitham's Steam Engine Design.

6. Thermodynamics.—The course embraces the study of the fundamental
principles of the mechanical theory of heat, and their application
to the investigation of the work done in the steam engine and to
the design of gas engines, blowers, air compressors, etc. (One lecture
a week.)

Text-books.—Peabody's Thermodynamics; Clerk's Gas Engines.

7. Hydraulic Engineering.—The course embraces the study of the
fundamental problems of water supply engineering, inland navigation,
river improvement, land drainage and irrigation, the drainage
and sewerage of cities, and sewage disposal. (Two lectures a week.)

Text-books.—Fanning's Water Supply Engineering; Vernon-Harcourt's Rivers
and Canals; Waring's Sewerage and Land Drainage.

8. Hydraulic Machinery.—The course embraces the theory and
design of water-wheels, turbines, and water-pressure engines; of
pumps and pumping machinery; of hydraulic systems for the transmission
of power; and of the structures employed in the utilization of
water powers. (Two lectures a week.)

Text-books.—Bresse's Hydraulic Motors; Bodmer's Turbines and Water-Pressure
Engines.

9. Mining.—The course embraces the methods of prospecting for
ore deposits, for extracting the ore, for timbering, draining, lighting,
and ventilating the mine, for underground transport, and the study of
the machinery of excavation, extraction, pumping, ventilation, sorting,
and dressing the ore. (Three lectures a week.)

Text-books.—Callon's Lectures on Mining; Bowie's Hydraulic Mining.

10. Advanced Mechanics.—This course is optional, but is warmly
commended to all students of science and engineering. It embraces
the more extended treatment of kinematics and dynamics by the
methods of the infinitesimal analysis. (Three lectures a week.)

Text-books.—Routh's Analytical Statics; Williamson's Dynamics.

The following scheme of lectures exhibits the hours devoted to the
several courses:

       

	Monday.	Tuesday.	Wednes.	Thurs.	Friday.	Satur.
9—10	Geodesy.	St. Eng.	Therm.	St. Eng	Geodesy.	St. Eng.
10—11	Bridges. Mining.	Mech.	Bridges. Mining.	Mech.	Bridges. Mining.	Mech.
12:30—2	Desc.	Hyd. Eng.	Desc.	Hyd. Mch.	Hyd. Eng.	Hyd. Mch.

The Method of Instruction in this School is mainly by lectures
combined with the study of appropriate text-books and associated with
a large amount of practical work in the laboratory, the shop, the drawing-room
and the field.

Mechanical Drawing is required of all students in the School, and
extends over three years. It embraces a careful drill in the use of
drawing instruments with constant practice in the drawing-room in the
preparation of the various plates, maps and designs required in connection
with the above coursés.

Shop-work in wood and iron is required of all students of Mechanical
Engineering, and extends over two years. It includes a series of
graduated exercises with hand and machine tools in wood and metal
and instruction in forging.

Laboratory-work in testing the strength and elasticity of the various
classes of materials used in construction is required of all students.
They are instructed in the standard methods of making these tests and
are encouraged to undertake original investigations.

Laboratory-work in testing the power and efficiency of fuels, furnaces,
boilers, engines, condensers, pumps and dynamos is required of
all students of Mechanical Engineering. In connection with this
course instruction is given in the practical management of motors and
machines and the methods of erection.

Field-work with the chain and tape, level, compass, transit, planetable,
barometer and current-meter is required of all students of Civil
and Mining Engineering, the work extending over three years. A
thorough drill is given in the use and adjustments of the instruments;

and the best methods of Land, City, Railroad, Topographical and Hydrographical
Surveying are carefully taught.

The Mechanical Laboratory contains a twenty-five horse-power
Ball automatic high-speed engine; an upright tubular boiler; a forty-five
light Edison dynamo; a collection of hand and machine tools; gauges,
thermometers, barometers, dynamometers, calorimeters, and other apparatus
for engine and boiler trials; a 100,000-pound Olsen testing machine
for tensile, transverse and compressive tests of the strength and
elasticity of materials; a 1,000-pound cement-tester, and the necessary
appliances for micrometric measurements of strain.

The collection of Field Instruments contains a surveyor's compass,
a railroad compass, a wye level, a dumpy level, a plain transit, a complete
transit, a plane-table, a sextant, a standard barometer, an aneroid
barometer, and a full supply of ranging-poles, flag-poles, chains, tapes,
and other accessories, with a planimeter, a trigonometer, and two vernier-protractors
for use in office-work.

In addition to the foregoing the Department also possesses a valuable
collection of models of structures, machines and parts of machines,
and of plates and drawings, illustrating the best modern practice in
American and foreign engineering.

The Preparation required for the successful pursuit of these courses
is a sound working knowledge of Arithmetic, Algebra through Quadratics,
Plane Geometry, and Plane Trigonometry through the Solution
of Triangles. Students, with more ample mathematical training and
unusual diligence, may enter the advanced classes and complete the
course in two years.

The Necessary Expenses of a student of Engineering for the session
of nine months are estimated as below for the lowest rate of living
and for a more liberal scale of expenditure.

                       

Matriculation	$ 25	$ 25
Infirmary	7	7
Tuition	100	100
Contingent deposit	10	10
Dormitory rent	15	30
Servant's attendance	9	9
Furniture of dormitory	9	19
Washing	14	14
Board	99	162
Fuel and lights	12	24
Total necessary expenses	$300	$400
Reduced charges to Virginians	250	350

These sums must be increased by an allowance for books and stationery
($10 to $25 per session), drawing materials (about $25 for the
entire course), diplomas (about $7.50 per session), and laboratory materials
($20 or less, according to the course elected).

The degree of Civil Engineer is conferred on one who is a Proficient
in Mathematics, Physics, Geology and Mineralogy (Descriptive
or Determinative), and a Graduate in Applied Mathematics, Chemistry
(General or Industrial), and Mathematics or Natural Philosophy.

The degree of Mining Engineer is conferred on one who is a Proficient
in Mathematics, Physics, Geology, and Mineralogy, and a Graduate
in Applied Mathematics, General and Industrial Chemistry, and
Analytical Chemistry.

The degree of Mechanical Engineer is conferred on one who has
been graduated in Applied Mathematics, Pure Mathematics, General
and Industrial Chemistry, Physics, Electricity, and Magnetism.