University of Virginia Library

Contents

     Foreword 9
     Acknowledgements 10
     Introduction 11

1:   Transitions 17
     From Mäori oral traditions to print ( Jane McRae ) 17
        Conventions and authorities for writing and print 18
        Printed works in Mäori to the 1850s 22
        Mäori oral traditions in print 25
        Mäori use of writing and print to 1900 28
        Publishing in the 20th century 34
     New Zealand English ( Tony Deverson ) 40

2:   Printing and Production ( K.A. Coleridge & John Ross ) 44
     General studies 45
        Historical collections, exhibitions, museums and awards 52
     Technology 53
        Type and materials 56
           Typography 56
           Presses and other machinery 61
           Graphic reproduction techniques 64
           Paper 66
           Binding 67
        Stationery manufacture and supply 69
     The trade 69
        Men and women of the trade 69
        Owners and firms 73
        Trade unions and trade conditions 75
     Economics 78
        Government regulation 81
     Private printing ( Noel Waite ) 82

3:   Publishing 86
     The process of publishing ( Ross Somerville ) 86
        Author and publisher 88
        Encouragement to publish 92
        Restrictions to publishing 94
        The publisher's tasks 95
           Editorial tasks 96
           Design and typography 97
        Education and training 99
        Publishers' organisations 99
        Trade publications 101
        Economics of publishing 101
     The publishers ( Ross Somerville ) 104
        The businesses 104
        The people 109
     General and regional studies 112
        Colonial editions ( Luke Trainor ) 113
        Regional publishing: Wellington ( K.A. Coleridge ) 117
        Regional publishing: Otago ( George J. Griffiths ) 118
     Some categories of publication 122
        Government publishing ( Bruce Ringer ) 122
        Science journal publishing ( Jaap Jasperse ) 124
        Newspapers ( Ross Harvey ) 128
        Mäori newspapers ( Nicola Frean ) 136
        Periodicals ( Clark Stiles ) 138
        Children's books ( Lynne Jackett ) 141
        Educational publishing ( Hugh Price ) 144
        Religious publishing ( Peter Lineham ) 146
        Music publishing ( Elizabeth Nichol ) 151
        Directories ( Michael Hamblyn ) 152

4:   Distribution 156
     Bookselling ( Alan Preston ) 157
        History 157
        General studies 160
        People 161
        Administrative structure and government controls 164
        Studies and sources 166
     Libraries ( Brian McKeon ) 168
        General description and history 168
        Origins and development 170
        Government and governance 172
        Standards and measures of performance 174
        Associations 175
        Librarianship 177
        People 181
        The Carnegie Corporation 183
        Surveys and planning 183
        Free library service 184
        Library service for children 186
        Mäori and library service 187
        Types of library 188
        Libraries and print culture issues 189
        The National Library of New Zealand 193
        Information technology 196
     Book buying and collectors ( John Ross ) 197
        Book buying 197
        Book collectors 201
           Categories of collectors 202
           Aids to collecting 202
           Collectors as a community of interest 203
           Studies of collectors 204
           Individual collectors 206

5:   Readers and Reading 212
     Reading and literacy ( Lydia Wevers ) 212
        Before 1877 212
        Education Act 1877 214
        Reading series and methods 215
        Teaching reading 217
        Literacy 218
        Te reo and literacy programmes for Mäori 219
     Creating an interest in print culture ( Jane Stafford ) 221
     Recognition and rewards of success ( Stephen Hamilton ) 227
        Book reviewing and literary criticism 227
        Literary prizes and book awards 231
     Changing trends and special needs ( Sydney Shep ) 233
     Access tools ( Sheila Williams ) 239
        Bibliographies and indexes 239
        General reference sources 243

6:   Print Culture of Other Languages 245
     Pacific Island languages 245
        Language and religious publishing 247
           Cook Islands Mäori ( Jean Mitaera ) 247
           Niuean ( Lagi Sipeli ) 249
           Tokelauan ( Penny Griffith ) 250
           Western Samoan ( Alfred Hunkin ) 252
        Educational publishing ( Don Long ) 253
        Colonial consolidation, 1900-1960 ( Diane Woods ) 256
        Current: official and trade ( Patrick King ) 257
        Current: community and creative ( Robert Holding ) 259
        Sources and resources ( Diane Woods ) 259
     Languages other than English, Mäori and Pacific Island ( Ann Beaglehole ) 263
        Chinese 267
           The 19th century ( James Ng ) 267
           The 20th century ( Nigel Murphy ) 271
        Croatian ( Stephen Jelicich & Andrew Trlin ) 276
        Dutch ( Robert Leek ) 281
        French ( R.D.J. Collins ) 284
        Gaelic (Scots) ( Jennie Coleman ) 287
        German ( James N. Bade ) 291
        Greek (Ancient) and Latin ( Douglas Little ) 293
        Polish ( Theresa Sawicka ) 298
        Scandinavian ( Rick McGregor & Edwin Nye ) 301

     Notes on Contributors 304
     Bibliography 308
     Index 344