BIBLIOGRAPHY
For Empedocles and Heraclitus, see John Burnet, Early
Greek Philosophy, 4th ed. (London, 1945); cf. A. O. Lovejoy
and G. Boas, Primitivism... in Antiquity (Baltimore,
1935),
pp. 79ff. For Pagan testimony to the Stoic doctrine of
cycles
and the ekpyrosis, Cicero, Academics, II. 37, 119; idem, De
natura deorum, II. 46, 118, trans. H. Rackham (London
and
Cambridge, Mass., 1933), pp. 621 and 635 respectively;
Seneca,
Consolatione ad Marciam, XXVI. 5 to end; idem,
Consolatione ad Polybium, I. 2, in Moral Essays, trans. John
W. Basore (London and
Cambridge, Mass., 1935), II. 95,
357; Plutarch, The E
at Delphi, 388 F, in Moralia, trans.
Frank Cole Babbitt (London and Cambridge, Mass., 1936),
V. 221f.;
Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, VII. 19; XI. 1.
For
the “reverse in cosmic history,” see Plato,
Statesman, 269D;
for conflagrations and
floods, Timaeus, 22B; for cataclysms,
Critias, 110A, Laws, 677. For
historical repetition in Aris-
totle,
works as indicated in the text above; for political
cycles, Politics, III, 7 (1279a. 23ff. and 1286b. 7). For
the
same in Polybius, see History, Book VI. 3
and 5. For political
cycles in the Italian Renaissance, see Louis
Green, “Histori
cal Interpretation in Fourteenth-Century Florentine
Chronicles,” Journal of the History of Ideas,
28, 2 (April-
June,
1967), 161-78; Machiavelli, Discourses, Book I,
Ch.
ii; Guicciardini, Maxims and Reflections of a
Renaissance
Statesman (Ricordi), trans.
Mario Domandi (New York,
1965), pp. 60, 89. For comment on cycles in
early Christian
writers: Justin Martyr, Apology,
I. 20, trans. Marcus Dods,
George Heath, and B. P. Bratten (Edinburgh,
1872); Origen,
De principiis, Book II. Chs. 3, 5 from
Patrologia Graeca,
Vol. XI, col. 192,
trans. Frederick Crombie (Edinburgh,
1871) p. 84; idem, Contra Celsum, Book V. Ch. 20, from
Patrologia Graeca, Vol. XI, cols. 1213, 1216,
trans. Alexander
Roberts and James Donaldson (Edinburgh, 1872). F.
W.
Nietzsche, Complete Works, ed. Oscar Levy, 18
vols. (Lon-
don, 1909-13), 16, nos. 237-47;
Karl Jaspers, Nietzsche, trans.
Charles F.
Wallraff and Frederick J. Schmitz (Tuscon, 1965),
pp. 352ff.
GEORGE BOAS
[See also Analogy in Early Greek Thought; Christianity in
History;
Historiography;
Periodization in History; Primitiv-
ism; Renaissance
Literature and Historiography.]
