 | University of Virginia April, 1906 |  |
III. PART III
SCHOOLS AND DEPARTMENTS
OF THE
UNIVERSITY:
THE LIBRARY.
THE COLLEGE.
| EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D. C. L., LL. D., | President. |
| JAMES MORRIS PAGE, M. A., Ph. D., | Dean. |
Required for Entrance upon the Work of the Department.—The
General Entrance Examination, or admission to the University by
certificate or diploma, as stated in a preceding portion of this catalogue,
(p. 76). The General Entrance Examination must be supplemented,
in the case of certain of the College courses by examinations
for classification: the nature of these is in each case stated in its
proper connection.
These are the minimum requirements for admission to the College;
and any candidate for admission who has received a preparation
more ample than is thus represented will be admitted to advanced
standing on satisfactory evidence of his attainments: candidates entering
from other colleges will be admitted to advanced standing in
accordance with the conditions stated on page 82.
Every student is required to undertake the work of three courses,
each consisting of three or more lectures or exercises a week throughout
the year; and only three, unless otherwise authorized by the
Faculty. Hence the time necessary for the attainment of the degree
of Bachelor of Arts by a student with the minimum preparation above
indicated is four years.
All undergraduate academic students, with the exception of
Special Students, as defined in the preceding part of this catalogue,
are regarded as members of the College. Full opportunity has in
the past been, and will in the future be, given to any student to carry
out any definite plan of work which he may have in view on coming
to the University, or which may have been prescribed for him by
those under whose direction he is completing his education. Every
student is, however, expected to come to the University for a definite
purpose: and when no well considered plan, as above indicated, has
been outlined in advance, and the end in view is that for which the
great majority of students enter college, namely, the attainment of
a liberal education, the student in question will be expected to enter
upon the regular work of the College, which leads to the bachelor's
degree.
The requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts of the University
of Virginia are such as to permit of the large measure of
characterized the work of the University from the beginning: such
restriction only being placed upon this liberty as is necessary to
insure at the same time the thoroughness and the breadth of culture
for which this degree stands. In order to secure to the recipient of
this degree in due measure an acquaintance with the methods of
study and of thought characteristic of each of the leading departments
of knowledge, as well as with their subject matter, as far as possible,
his choice of work leading thereto is subject to the following conditions.
The candidate for this degree is required to choose ten B. A.
electives (save in the cases presently to be mentioned): these electives
consist in some cases of a single course, in others of two or more
courses. One elective must be chosen by every candidate from each
of the seven groups defined below: the other three are to be taken
at large from the courses indicated as open to such election in the
brief summary which immediately follows the statement of the groups,
or from the graduate courses open to candidates for the Master's
degree. The electives at large consist in each case of single courses.
Students who complete the work of both of the B. A. electives
in group I (namely, Latin and Greek) are required to choose but
seven other electives (or two electives at large). Students who have
completed seven or more B. A. electives, satisfying the requirements
of the group system, may offer in lieu of the three electives at large
the work of the first year in the Department of Law or of Medicine,
or three technical courses in the Department of Engineering. Candidates
who enter with advanced standing from other colleges must
complete at least three B. A. electives here in order to be admitted
to the privilege last stated.
Any student in good standing who satisfies the requirements
above stated, under the prescribed conditions, is entitled to the degree
of Bachelor of Arts of the University of Virginia.
The groups referred to in the preceding paragraphs, from each
of which one B. A. elective must be chosen by every candidate for
the degree, are as follows: The courses included in each elective
are indicated.
I. ANCIENT LANGUAGES.
Latin: Latin 1, Latin 2.
Greek: Greek 1, Greek 2, Greek 3.
II. MODERN LANGUAGES.
German: German 1, German 2 (or 3).
French: French 1, French 2.
Spanish: Spanish 1, Spanish 2.
III. ENGLISH.
English Literature: English Literature 1, English Literature
2 (or 3).
English Language: English Literature 1, English Language 1.
IV. HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY.
History: History 1.
Economics: Economics 1.
Philosophy: Logic 1 (or Psychology 2).
Education: Education 1.
V. MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES.
Mathematics: Mathematics 1, Mathematics 2.
Astronomy: Mathematics 1, Astronomy 1.
Mechanics: Mathematics 1, Mechanics 1.
VI. EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES.
Physics: Experimental Physics 1.
Chemistry: General Chemistry 1.
VII. DESCRIPTIVE SCIENCES.
Biology: General Biology 1.
Geology: Geology 1.
COURSES IN THE ACADEMIC SCHOOLS WHICH ARE OPEN
TO COLLEGE STUDENTS AS ELECTIVES FOR
THE FIRST DEGREE IN ARTS.
A brief summary is here presented of the courses open to election
by candidates for the baccalaureate degree under the preceding group
system and as electives at large: in addition, candidates may offer as
electives at large any of the graduate courses open to candidates for the
degree of Master of Arts, a summary of which, with a schedule of lecture
and examination hours is given on page—: provided that in each
case the undergraduate course or courses prerequisite for the subject in
question have been completed. A description of each of these courses
will be found in the statements of the Academic Schools upon subsequent
pages (125-157). Where a course is stated to be prerequisite to a second
course, the latter may be taken parallel with the former if, in the judgment
of the professor concerned, the circumstances justify such a privilege.
1. Grammar and prose composition: Sallust, Cicero, Vergil, Ovid:
geographical and historical conditions of Roman life. Entrance
108Examination in Latin prerequisite. Required if Latin is chosen as
the elective from group I. Mon., Wed., Fri., 12 to 1: Academic
Building. Prof. Fitzhugh and Mr. Walker.2. Grammar and composition: Livy, Sallust, Catullus, Horace, Seneca,
Cicero: imaginative and artistic aspects of Roman life. Course 1
prerequisite. Required if Latin is chosen as the elective from
group I. May be offered as an elective at large if Greek 1, 2 and 3
are chosen as the elective from group I. In two sections: I, Mon.,
Wed., Fri., 9 to 10; II, Tues., Thur., Sat., 10 to 11: Academic
Building. Prof. Fitzhugh and Mr. Webb.
Latin.
1. Course for Beginners. Grammar and composition: Xenophon's
Anabasis, two books. Required if Greek is chosen as the elective
from group I, unless the Entrance Examination in Greek has been
passed. Mon., Wed., Fri., 9 to 10: Academic Building. Prof. Humphreys.2. Grammar and composition: Attic Prose; Xenophon's Memorabilia
and Hellenica, Lysias. The Entrance Examination in Greek or
Course 1 prerequisite. Required if Greek is chosen as the elective
from group I. Tues., Thur., Sat., 10 to 11: Academic Building.
Prof. Humphreys.3. Grammar and composition: Attic and Ionic Prose and Drama,
and Epic Poetry: Plato, Demosthenes; Euripides, Herodotus,
Homer. History and Literature, Meters, etc. Course 2 prerequisite.
Required if Greek is chosen as the elective from group I.
May be offered as an elective at large if Latin 1 and 2 are chosen
as the elective from group I. Tues., Thur., Sat., 11 to 12: Academic
Building. Prof. Humphreys.
Greek.
1. Course for Beginners. Grammar and prose composition: translation
of Prose Fiction (Novellen) and Lyric Poetry. Required if
German is chosen as the elective from group II, unless the Entrance
Examination in German has been passed. Tues., Thurs., Sat., 1 to
2: Academic Building. Adj. Prof. Faulkner.2. Grammar and prose composition: Modern German Prose and
Poetry: History of German literature. Course 1 prerequisite, or
109its equivalent. Required if German is chosen as the elective from
group II. May be offered as an elective at large if French 1 and
2 or Spanish 1 and 2 are chosen as the elective from group II.
Mon., Wed., Fri., 10 to 11: Academic Building. Prof. Harrison
and Adj. Prof. Faulkner.3. Scientific German. Corresponds with Course 2, save in the texts
read, and may be substituted therefor as the elective from group II
in German. Wed., 10 to 11; Mon., Fri., 1 to 2: Academic Building.
Prof. Harrison and Adj. Prof. Faulkner.
German.
1. Course for Beginners. Grammar and prose composition: translation
of Modern French (four hundred pages). Required if French
is chosen as the elective from group II. Mon., Wed., Fri., 9 to 10:
59 West Range. Dr. Davidson.2. Grammar and prose composition: Modern French Literature (one
thousand pages); Nineteenth Century novels, drama, and lyric
poetry: History of French Literature. Course 1 prerequisite, or its
equivalent. Required if French is chosen as the elective from
group II. May be offered as an elective at large if German 1 and
2, or Spanish 1 and 2 are chosen as the elective from group II.
Tues., Thurs., Sat., 9 to 10: 59 West Range. Prof. Wilson.
French.
1. Course for Beginners. Grammar and prose composition: translation
of Modern Spanish (four hundred pages). Required if
Spanish is chosen as the elective from group II. Mon., Wed., Fri.,
11 to 12: 59 West Range. Dr. Davidson.2. Grammar and prose composition: Modern Spanish Literature (one
thousand pages); Nineteenth Century novels, dramas, and lyric
poetry: History of Spanish Literature. Course 1 prerequisite, or
its equivalent. Required if Spanish is chosen as the elective from
group II. May be offered as an elective at large if German 1 and 2,
or French 1 and 2 are chosen as the elective from group II. Mon.,
Wed., Fri., 10 to 11: 59 West Range. Dr. Davidson.
Spanish.
1. Composition and Rhetoric: History of American Literature: Study
of Poetry and selected American Prose. Required (or its equiva-
110lent) if either English Literature or English Language is chosen as
the elective from group III. In two sections: I, Mon., Wed., Fri.,
10 to 11; II, Mon., Wed., Fri., 11 to 12: Academic Building. Mr.
Brown.2. Rhetoric, English Literature: Shakespeare; English Poetry; Ages
of Wordsworth and Tennyson. Course 1 prerequisite. This or the
following course required if English Literature is chosen as the
elective from group III. May be offered as an elective at large if
courses 1 and 3, or course 1 and English Language 1 are chosen
as the elective from group III. Tues., Thur., Sat., 9 to 10: Academic
Building. Prof. Kent.3. Style; Description; Narration; Expression; Argumentation; Oratory;
Poetics. Course 1 prerequisite. This or the preceding course
required if English Literature is chosen as the elective from group
III. May be offered as an elective at large if courses 1 and 2, or
course 1 and English Language 1 are chosen as the elective from
group III. Tues., Thur., Sat., 11 to 12: Academic Building. Prof.
Kent.
English Literature.
1. Anglo-Saxon Prose and Poetry: Chaucer, Spenser: History of
English Language and Literature from its beginning to the time
of Shakespeare. Course 1 in English Literature or its equivalent
prerequisite. Required if English Language is chosen as the
elective from group III. May be offered as an elective at large
if English Literature 1 and 2 (or 3) are chosen as the elective
from group III. Mon., Wed., Fri., 12 to 1: Academic Building.
Prof. Harrison and Adj. Prof. Faulkner.
English Language.
1. General History. Entrance upon conditions stated upon page 138.
Required if History is chosen as the elective from group IV. May
be offered as an elective at large if Economics 1, Logic 1, Psychology
2, or Education 1 is chosen as the elective from group IV.
Mon., Wed., Fri., 9 to 10: Academic Building. Prof. Dabney.1. Economics. Required if Economics is chosen as the elective from
group IV. May be offered as an elective at large if History 1,
Logic 1, Psychology 2, or Education 1 is chosen as the elective
from group IV. Tues., Thur., Sat., 9 to 10: Academic Building.
Prof. Dabney.
History and Economics.
1. Logic. Entrance upon conditions stated upon page 140. Required
if Logic is chosen as the elective from group IV. May be offered
as an elective at large if History 1, Economics 1, Education 1, or
Psychology 2 is chosen as the elective from group IV. Mon., Wed.,
Fri., 1 to 2: Rotunda, S. E. Prof. Lefevre.2. Psychology. Entrance upon conditions stated upon page 140. Required
if Psychology is chosen as the elective from group IV. May
be offered as an elective at large if History 1, Economics 1, Education
1, or Logic 1 is chosen as the elective from group IV. Mon.,
Wed., Fri., 11 to 12: Rotunda, S. E. Prof. Lefevre.
Philosophy.
1. History of Education. Required if Education is chosen as the
elective from group IV. May be offered as an elective at large if
History 1, Economics 1, Logic 1, or Psychology 2 is chosen as
the elective from group IV. Tues., Thur., Sat., 11 to 12: Rotunda,
S. W. Prof. Heck.2. Principles of Education. May be offered as an elective at large.
Mon., Wed., Fri., 10 to 11: Rotunda, S. W. Prof. Heck.3. Psychology and Philosophy of Education. May be offered as an
elective at large. Fri., Sat., Mon., 1 to 2: Rotunda, S. W. Prof.
Payne.4. Secondary Education. May be offered as an elective at large.
Fri., Sat., Mon., 3 to 4: Rotunda, S. W. Prof. Payne.
Education.
1. Solid Geometry: Trigonometry: Algebra. Entrance Examination
and examination for classification in Mathematics, prerequisite. Required
if either Mathematics, Astronomy or Mechanics is chosen
as the elective from group V. In two sections: I, Mon., Wed., Fri.,
9 to 10; II, Tues., Thur., Sat., 10 to 11: Academic Building.
Prof. Page.2. Analytical Geometry: Differential and Integral Calculus. Course
1 prerequisite. Required if Mathematics is chosen as the elective
from group V. May be offered as an elective at large if Mathematics
1121, Astronomy 1, or Mathematics 1, Mechanics 1 is chosen
as the elective from group V. In two sections: I, Mon., Wed.,
Fri., 11 to 12; II, Tues., Thur., Sat., 11 to 12: Academic Building.
Prof. Echols.
Mathematics.
1. General Astronomy. Mathematics 1 prerequisite. Required if
Astronomy is chosen as the elective from group V. May be offered
as an elective at large if Mathematics 1 and 2, or Mathematics 1,
Mechanics 1 is chosen as the elective from group V. Mon., Wed.,
Fri., 12 to 1: Academic Building. Prof. Stone.
Astronomy.
1. General Mechanics: Mathematics 1 prerequisite. Required if Mechanics
is chosen as the elective from group V. May be offered as
an elective at large if Mathematics 1 and 2, or Mathematics 1,
Astronomy 1 is chosen as the elective from group V. Tues., Thur.,
Sat., 10 to 11: Mechanical Laboratory. Prof. Thornton.
Mechanics.
1. Experimental Physics. Elementary Mechanics; Heat; Electricity;
Sound; and Light. Required if Physics is chosen as the elective
from group VI. May be offered as an elective at large if Chemistry
1 is chosen as the elective from group VI. Tues., Thur., Sat.,
11 to 12; laboratory hours by appointment: Rouss Laboratory.
Prof. Smith, Adj. Prof. Holladay, and Mr. Richey.
Physics.
1. General Chemistry. Required if Chemistry is chosen as the elective
from group VI. May be offered as an elective at large if Physics 1
is chosen as the elective from group VI. Mon., Wed., Fri., 11 to
12: Chemical Laboratory. Prof. Mallet.
Chemistry.
1. Chemical Manipulations: Blowpipe Analysis: Assaying: Qualitative
Analysis. Chemistry 1 prerequisite. May be offered as an elective
at large. Tues., Thur., Sat., 10 to 11; laboratory hours by appointment:
Chemical Laboratory. Prof. Dunnington.
Analytical Chemistry.
1. Principles of Geology. Required if Geology is chosen as the elective
from group VII. May be offered as an elective at large if Biology
1 is chosen as the elective from group VII. Mon., Wed., Fri., 9
to 10: Brooks Museum. Prof. Fontaine.
Geology.
1. General Biology: Structure and Life—history of representative
plants and animals. Required if Biology is chosen as the elective
from group VII. May be offered as an elective at large if Geology
1 is chosen as the elective from group VII. Given yearly. Tues.,
Thur., Sat., 12 to 1: Laboratory work in two sections: I, Mon.,
Wed., Fri., 9 to 11; II, Tues., Thur., Sat., 9 to 11: Academic Building.
Prof. Tuttle and Mr. Kepner.2. Structural and Systematic Botany. Course 1 prerequisite. May
be offered as an elective at large. Given alternate years with
Course 3. Mon. Fri., 1 to 2: Laboratory work in two sections;
I, Wed., Fri., 11 to 1; II, Thur., Sat., 11 to 1: Academic Building.
Prof. Tuttle and Mr. Kepner.3. Invertebrate Zoölogy. Course 1 prerequisite. May be offered as
an elective at large. Given alternate years with Course 2. Mon.,
Fri., 1 to 2; Laboratory work in two sections: I, Wed., Fri., 11
to 1; II, Thur., Sat., 11 to 1: Academic Building. Prof. Tuttle
and Mr. Kepner.
Biology.
EXAMINATIONS.
I. Intermediate Examinations.—In all the undergraduate courses
examinations are held at fixed periods in December and March: the
dates of these intermediate examinations are given in the schedule of
lectures and examinations upon the following page. All lectures in the
College courses are suspended during the periods in which these examinations
are held. The examinations begin in each case at 9 a. m., and are
limited to six hours. The professor in charge of a course may, at his
discretion, hold examinations at both of the periods indicated in this
schedule, or at only one of the periods.
II. Final Examinations.—In addition to the intermediate examinations,
final examinations are held for all college classes during the fortnight
immediately before the final week, lectures closing on the Saturday
which follows. They begin in each case at 9 a. m., and are limited to
eight hours.
III. Fall Examinations.—The regulations concerning Fall Examinations
in the College courses granted for partially successful work, are
as follows:
A student who passes on two of his classes in a given session and
attains a standing of sixty-five per cent. on the third shall be entitled
to a special examination on that third class at the beginning of the
following session.
Such Fall examinations in the College courses shall be held (for
1906) between the 10th and 15th of September, inclusive. Postponements
of these examinations are permitted only under such conditions as
apply to the regular examination, p. 88.
For the regulations concerning special examinations granted for
sickness or a like cause, see p. 88.
EXPENSES.
The necessary expenses at the University for a Virginia student
in the College may be estimated at from $160 a year upward, according
to the mode of living; for students from other States this minimum
should be increased by a sum ranging from $90 to $130 for
University and tuition fees. A fuller statement of expenses, including
the conditions under which Virginia or other students are entitled to free
tuition, will be found on pages 93, 94.
SCHEDULE OF LECTURES.
With Dates of the Examinations.
1906-1907.
| Hours: | Mon. Wed. Fri. | Tues. Thur. Sat. | Hours: |
| 9 to 9.55 | Greek 1; French 1; | Economics 1; | 9 to 9.55 |
| History 1; Geology, 1; | French 2; | ||
| Mathematics 1 (section I); | Literature 2; | ||
| Latin 2 (section I); | |||
| Biology 1 (lab. section I); | Biology 1 (lab. section II). | ||
| Thursday, Dec. 13 | Thursday, Dec. 20 | ||
| Thursday, Mar. 14 | Thursday, Mar. 21 | ||
| Tuesday, May 28 | Tuesday, June 4 | ||
| 10 to 10.55 | Literature 1 (section I); | Mathematics 1 (section II); | 10 to 10.55 |
| German 2; Spanish 2; | Latin 2 (section II); | ||
| German 3 (Wed.); Education 2; |
Analyt. Chemistry 1; | ||
| Zoölogy 3; | Greek 2; Mechanics 1; | ||
| Biology 1 (lab. section I). | Biology 1 (lab. section II). | ||
| Wednesday, Dec. 12 | Monday, Dec. 17 | ||
| Wednesday, Mar. 13 | Monday, Mar. 18 | ||
| Thursday, June 6 | Friday, May 31 | ||
| 11 to 11.55 | Spanish 1; Psychology 2; | Greek 3; Education 1; | 11 to 11.55 |
| General Chemistry 1; | Physics 1; | ||
| Literature 1 (section II); | Literature 3; | ||
| Mathematics 2 (section I); | Mathematics 2 (section II); | ||
| Botany or Zoölogy (lab. section I). |
Botany or Zoöogy (lab. section II). |
||
| Saturday, Dec. 22 | Tuesday, Dec. 18 | ||
| Saturday, Mar. 23 | Tuesday, Mar. 19 | ||
| Monday, May 27 | Saturday, June 1 | ||
| 12 to 12.55 | Latin 1; Astronomy 1; | Biology 1 | 12 to 12.55 |
| English Language 1; | |||
| Botany or Zoölogy (lab. section I) |
Botany or Zoölogy (lab. section II). |
||
| Wednesday, Dec. 19 | Friday, Dec. 14 | ||
| Wednesday, Mar. 20 | Friday, Mar. 15 | ||
| Monday, June 3 | Wednesday, May 29 | ||
| 1 to 1.55 | Logic 1; Botany 2; | German 1. | 1 to 1.55 |
| German 3 (Mon. and Fri.); | |||
| Education 3 (Fri., Sat., Mon.). | |||
| Friday, Dec. 21 | Saturday, Dec. 15 | ||
| Friday, Mar. 22 | Saturday, Mar. 16. | ||
| Wednesday, June 5 | Thursday, May 30 | ||
| 3 to 4.30 | Education 4 (Fri., Sat., Mon.) | 3 to 4.30 | |
| Wednesday, Dec. 19 | |||
| Wednesday, Mar. 20 | |||
| Monday, June 3 | |||
| Where a change of hour is found necessary on account of conflicts, a corresponding change in the dates of examinations is involved. |
|||
THE DEPARTMENT OF GRADUATE STUDIES.
| EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D.C. L., LL. D., | President. |
| RICHARD HEATH DABNEY, M. A., Ph. D., | Dean. |
Required for Entrance upon the Work of the Department.—The
possession of a baccalaureate degree from a recognized institution
of collegiate rank: or, in the case of a graduate of an institution of
such rank that does not confer a baccalaureate degree, presentation
of a certificate of graduation in a course of study accepted by the
Committee upon Academic Degrees as fully equivalent to that ordinarily
required for the degree in question. A candidate entering the
University under these conditions will be registered as a Graduate
Student if he is pursuing one or more graduate courses: he may,
however, be permitted, or, if he is a candidate for a degree who
enters from another college, be required to take in addition such
strictly undergraduate courses as may be desirable or necessary
for his purpose.
To students in this Department who are not candidates for
advanced degrees the fullest freedom in the choice of their studies
is granted: and a minimum of restriction is placed upon the choice
of a candidate for an advanced degree.
I. Graduates in Schools.
Any student who successfully completes all the courses offered
in any Academic School is entitled to a diploma of graduation in
that School: but a student thus pursuing graduate studies will not
be registered as a member of this Department unless he has satisfied
the conditions above stated.
II. Masters of Arts.
The degree of Master of Arts of the University of Virginia will
be conferred upon a Bachelor of Arts who has completed the four
M. A. electives in the Academic Schools, chosen by himself and
approved by the Faculty. The utmost freedom of election will be
encouraged in the arrangement of these courses, subject to the condition
that the four lines of advanced work chosen shall be so related
as to form a rationally connected whole. The course selected must
one scholastic year before the degree is conferred. Each M. A. elective
consists of a single course (involving, where necessary, the completion of
any course or courses prerequisite).
A brief summary of the courses open to candidates for the Master's
degree is given upon a following page, together with a schedule of the
hours of lectures and examinations: a description of each is given in its
proper connection in the portion of the catalogue, immediately following,
which treats of the work of the independent Academic Schools.
The courses indicated are also, in the majority of cases, included
among the advanced courses that may be offered as electives at large for
the degree of Bachelor of Arts: credit can, of course, be obtained for
any such course in but one of these capacities by the same candidate;
work done for the lower degrees in Arts being in no case counted again
as part of the work required for the attainment of the higher degree.
The preliminary degree required of candidates for the degree of Master
of Arts may be that of this University or some other chartered institution
of learning. But in the latter case the degree shall be submitted
for approval to the Faculty, who may accept or reject the
degree offered.
Bachelors of Arts of other colleges or universities may, in the
discretion of the Academic Faculty, be required to pursue such supplementary
undergraduate courses as may be necessary for the effective
pursuit of the M. A. courses elected. Such candidates for the Master's
degree are required to complete the B. A. electives in the four schools
elected for the degree, unless excused from this undergraduate work by
the professors in charge of these schools.
Doctors of Philosophy.
The degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Virginia
is offered to students who propose to devote their energies to special
study and research in some of the various departments of letters, or of
science. The candidate for this degree must hold the degree of Bachelor
of Arts, or other degree of like value, from this University or from some
other college or university of good standing, or must exhibit to the
Academic Faculty, by examination if necessary, satisfactory evidence of
having a collegiate education equivalent to that represented by the degree
of Bachelor of Arts of a college or university of good standing. If the
applicant has received his collegiate education at an institution other than
this, the Academic Faculty will pass, if necessary, upon the standing of
the institution in question.
The preparation of the candidate for entrance upon Ph. D. courses
in the particular subjects selected shall be passed upon by the Academic
Faculty on the basis of a report from the professors in charge of the
preparation by any test they see fit to apply, including a formal examination,
if they deem this necessary.
The work offered for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the
University of Virginia shall in all cases embrace three cognate subjects;
namely, a major subject, a primary minor, and a secondary minor. The
three subjects must be chosen from at least two Schools. The candidate
shall in all cases submit his choice of, at least, his major subject to the
Academic Faculty for approval, before entering upon his work.
The instruction open to candidates for the Doctor's degree in each
of the Academic Schools is described in its proper connection in the portion
of the catalogue immediately following.
The minimum time limit set for the acquisition of the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy at this University, is three years' residence after
the B. A. degree has been conferred. The major subject shall be pursued
during the whole time, the primary minor during at least two years, and
the secondary minor during at least one year. No undergraduate work
can be counted for this degree.
Each candidate for the degree shall be required to show, by examination
if necessary, that he possesses a reading knowledge of French
and German; and such knowledge of other subjects considered fundamental
as may be prescribed by the individual Schools.
Graduate work done in other universities of high standing may
be accepted in lieu of resident work done here, provided sufficient
evidence is furnished that such work has been of a grade similar to
that required here, and has been satisfactorily performed.
It is also provided that a candidate who is a professor in charge
of the subject selected by him as major in a chartered college or
university, may be allowed by the Academic Faculty to spend only
two years in resident work at this University. The graduate work
of the last year of candidacy shall in all cases be done at this University,
unless the Academic Faculty shall for special reasons direct
otherwise.
Upon the completion of the approved courses, the candidate
shall submit to the Academic Faculty a dissertation exhibiting independent
research in some branch of his major subject. The dissertation
must be submitted not later than April 15 of the year in
which the candidate applies for graduation. If approved, the dissertation
must be printed before the degree is conferred and two hundred
copies deposited in the Library of the University.
EXPENSES.
The necessary expenses at the University for a Virginia student
in the Department of Graduate Studies may be estimated at from
other States this minimum should be increased by a sum ranging from
$90 to $130 for tuition fees. A fuller statement of expenses, including
the conditions under which Virginia or other students are entitled to free
tuition, will be found on pp. 93, 94.
Applicants for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy who are granted
the privilege of non-residence during a portion of their candidacy, under
conditions above stated, are required to matriculate and to pay the annual
University fee of $40 during such period of non-residence.
COURSES IN THE ACADEMIC SCHOOLS WHICH ARE OPEN
TO COLLEGE STUDENTS AS ELECTIVES FOR
THE SECOND DEGREE IN ARTS.
A brief summary is here presented of the courses open to election
by candidates for the Master's degree. A description of each of these
courses will be found in the statements of the Academic Schools upon
subsequent pages (125-157). Where an undergraduate course is stated to
be prerequisite to a graduate course, the latter may be taken parallel with
the former if, in the judgment of the professor concerned, the circumstances
justify such a privilege.
3. Advanced grammar and composition: Tacitus, Suetonius, Plautus,
Terence, Lucretius, Cicero, Juvenal: reflective and philosophical
aspects of Roman life. Course 2 prerequisite. Tues., Thur., Sat.,
9 to 10: Academic Building. Prof. Fitzhugh.
Latin.
4. Advanced Grammar and composition: Advanced Prose, Lyric
Poetry and Drama: Demosthenes; Thucydides, Æschylus, Sophocles,
Aristophanes. Meters. Course 3 prerequisite. Mon., Wed., Fri.,
12 to 1: Academic Building. Prof. Humphreys.
Greek.
4. Modern Poetry, Goethe: The Modern German Novel: Middle High
German Poetry: German Drama: Historical German Grammar:
History of German Literature. Course 2 prerequisite. Tues., Thur.,
Sat., 10 to 11: Academic Building. Prof. Harrison and Adj. Prof.
Faulkner.
German.
3. An advanced course in the study of fiction, drama, and lyric poetry,
idiomatic French, and original composition. Courses 1 and 2 prerequisite.
Tues., Thur., Sat., 11 to 12: 59 West Range. Prof.
Wilson.
French.
3. Italian Grammar: Nineteenth Century Literature: Dante; Petrarch;
Boccaccio: History of Italian Literature and of the Renaissance.
French 1 and 2 or Spanish 1 and 2 prerequisite. Tues., Thur., Sat.,
12 to 1: 59 West Range. Prof. Wilson.
Italian.
4. Literature and Criticism: Shakespeare; British Essayists of the
Nineteenth Century; American Poets and Poetry. Course 2 or 3
(or the equivalent of either) prerequisite. Tues., Thur., Sat., 1 to 2:
Academic Building. Prof. Kent.
English Literature.
2. Advanced Anglo-Saxon and Middle English: Chaucer, Spenser,
Beowulf: History and Etymology of English: History of Early
English Literature. Course 1 prerequisite. Tues., Thur., Sat., 12
to 1: Academic Building. Prof. Harrison and Adj. Prof. Faulkner.
English Language.
2. English and American History. Course 1 prerequisite. Mon., Wed.,
Fri., 11 to 12: Academic Building. Prof. Dabney.
History.
3. Ethics and Philosophy. Course 1 prerequisite. Tues., Thur., Sat.,
3 to 4.30: Rotunda. Prof. Davis and Mr. Smith.
Philosophy.
5. School Administration. Seminar. Tues., Thur., Sat., 1 to 2:
Rotunda, S. W. Prof. Heck.
Education.
3. Solid Analytical Geometry: Advanced Differential and Integral
Calculus: Ordinary Differential Equations: History of Mathematics.
Course 2 prerequisite. Tues., Thurs., Sat., 10 to 11: Academic
Building. Prof. Echols.
Mathematics.
2. Celestial Mechanics. Mathematics 2 (or its equivalent) and Course
1 prerequisite. Tues., Thur., Sat., 12 to 1: Academic Building.
Prof. Stone.3. Practical Astronomy. Mathematics 2 (or its equivalent) and Course
1 prerequisite. Hours will be announced: McCormick Observatory.
Prof. Stone.
Astronomy.
2. Analytical Mechanics. Course 1 prerequisite. Mon., Wed., Fri.,
12 to 1: Mechanical Laboratory. Prof. Thornton.
Mechanics.
2. Mathematical Physics. Mathematics 1 (or its equivalent) and
Physics 1 prerequisite. Mon., Wed., Fri., 10 to 11; laboratory hours
by appointment: Rouss Laboratory. Prof. Smith.
Physics.
2. Industrial Chemistry. Course 1 (or equivalent knowledge) prerequisite.
Mon., Wed., Fri., 3 to 4.30: Chemical Laboratory. Prof.
Mallet.
Chemistry.
2. Quantitative Analysis, Volumetric and Gravimetric. Course 1 prerequisite.
Mon., Wed., Fri., 10 to 11; laboratory hours by appointment:
Chemical Laboratory. Prof. Dunnington.
Analytical Chemistry.
2. Advanced Geology and Mineralogy. Course 1 prerequisite. Tues.,
Thur., Sat., 9 to 10: Brooks Museum. Prof. Fontaine.
Geology.
4. Histology and Cytology. Course 1 prerequisite. Given yearly.
Hours of lectures and laboratory work by appointment: Academic
Building. Prof. Tuttle and Mr. Kepner.5. Plant Morphology. Course 2 prerequisite. Given alternate years
with Courses 2 and 6. Mon., Wed., Fri., 1 to 2: Academic Building.
Prof. Tuttle.6. Animal Morphology. Courses 3 and 4 prerequisite. Given alternate
years with Courses 3 and 5. Mon., Wed., Fri., 9 to 10: Academic
Building. Prof. Tuttle.
Biology.
SCHEDULE OF LECTURES
With Dates of the Examinations.
| Hours: | Mon. Wed. Fri. | Tues. Thur. Sat. | Hours: |
| 9 to 9.55 | Animal Morphology 6. | Geology 2; Latin 3. | 9 to 9.55 |
| Thursday, Dec. 13 | Thursday, Dec. 20 | ||
| Thursday, Mar. 4 | Thursday, March 21 | ||
| Tuesday, May 28 | Tuesday, June 4 | ||
| 10 to 10.55 | Physics 2; | Mathematics 3; | 10 to 10.55 |
| Analytical Chemistry 2. | German 4. | ||
| Wednesday, Dec. 12 | Monday, Dec. 17 | ||
| Wednesday, March 13 | Monday, March 18 | ||
| Thursday, June 6 | Friday, May 31 | ||
| 11 to 11.55 | History 2; | French 3. | 11 to 11.55 |
| Histology and Cytology 4. | |||
| Saturday, Dec. 22 | Tuesday, Dec. 18 | ||
| Saturday, March 23 | Tuesday, March 19 | ||
| Monday, May 27 | Saturday, June 1 | ||
| 12 to 12.55 | Mechanics 2; | Astronomy 2; Italian 3; | 12 to 12.55 |
| Greek 4. | English Language 2. | ||
| Wednesday, Dec. 19 | Friday, Dec. 14 | ||
| Wednesday, March 20 | Friday, March 15 | ||
| Monday, June 3 | Wednesday, May 29 | ||
| 1 to 1.55 | Plant Morphology 5. | Literature 4; Education 5. | 1 to 1.55 |
| Friday, Dec. 21 | Saturday, Dec. 15 | ||
| Friday, March 22 | Saturday, March 16 | ||
| Wednesday, June 5 | Thursday, May 30 | ||
| 3 to 4.30 | Industrial Chemistry 2. | Ethics and Philosophy 3. | 3 to 4.30 |
| Wednesday, Dec. 19 | Friday, Dec. 21 | ||
| Wednesday, March 20 | Friday, March 22 | ||
| Monday, June 3 | Wednesday, June 5 | ||
| Where a change of hour is found necessary on account of conflicts, a corresponding change in the dates of examinations is involved. |
|||
THE ACADEMIC SCHOOLS.
| EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D. C. L., LL. D., | President. |
| JAMES MORRIS PAGE, M. A., Ph. D., | Dean. |
| [1] WILLIAM ELISHA PETERS, LL. D., | Emeritus Professor of Latin |
| THOMAS FITZ-HUGH, M. A., | Professor of Latin |
| MILTON WYLIE HUMPHREYS, M. A., Ph. D., LL. D., | Professor of Greek |
| JAMES ALBERT HARRISON, L. H. D., LL. D., | |
| Professor of Teutonic Languages | |
| RICHARD HENRY WILSON, M. A., Ph. D., | |
| Professor of Romanic Languages | |
| CHARLES WILLIAM KENT, M. A., Ph. D., | |
| Professor of English Literature | |
| RICHARD HEATH DABNEY, M. A., Ph. D., | |
| Professor of Historical and Economical Science | |
| NOAH KNOWLES DAVIS, M. A., Ph. D., LL. D., | |
| Professor of Moral Philosophy | |
| ALBERT LEFEVRE, Ph. D., LL. D., | Professor of Philosophy |
| WILLIAM HARRY HECK, M. A., | Professor of Education |
| BRUCE RYBURN PAYNE, M. A., Ph. D., | |
| Professor of Secondary Education | |
| WILLIAM HOLDING ECHOLS, B. S., C. E., | Professor of Mathematics |
| JAMES MORRIS PAGE, M. A., Ph. D., | Professor of Mathematics |
| WILLIAM MYNN THORNTON, LL. D., | |
| Professor of Applied Mathematics | |
| ORMOND STONE, M. A., | Professor of Practical Astronomy |
| FRANCIS HENRY SMITH, M. A., LL. D., | |
| Professor of Natural Philosophy | |
| JOHN WILLIAM MALLET, Ph. D., M. D., LL. D., F. R. S., | |
| Professor of Chemistry | |
| FRANCIS PERRY DUNNINGTON, B. S., C. E., | |
| Professor of Analytical Chemistry | |
| WILLIAM MORRIS FONTAINE, M. A., | |
| Professor of Natural History and Geology | |
| ALBERT HENRY TUTTLE, M. S., | Professor of Biology |
| LEWIS LITTLEPAGE HOLLADAY, B. S., | |
| Adjunct Professor of Applied Mathematics | |
| WILLIAM HARRISON FAULKNER, M. A., Ph. D., | |
| Adjunct Professor of Teutonic Languages | |
| WILLIAM ALLISON KEPNER, M. A., | Instructor in Biology |
| ROBERT HENNING WEBB, M. A., | Instructor in Latin |
| GEORGE DIUGUID DAVIDSON, Ph. D., | Instructor in French |
| JOHN THOMPSON BROWN, | Instructor in English Literature |
| JAMES THOMAS WALKER, M. A., | Assistant Instructor in Latin |
| WARREN JEFFERSON DAVIS, B. A., | |
| Assistant Instructor in English Literature | |
| JAMES SUGARS McLEMORE, | Assistant in Latin |
| CARL PHILIP BONN, | Assistant in English Literature |
| JOHN THOMAS McCANTS, B. S., | Assistant in English Literature |
| LEE BIDGOOD, | Assistant in History |
| PAUL MICOU, | Assistant in Economics |
| JAMES PORTER SMITH, | Assistant in Moral Philosophy |
| WILLIAM BEVERLY STONE, M. A., | Assistant in Mathematics |
| JOHN JENNINGS LUCK, M. A., | Assistant in Mathematics |
| CHARLES POLLARD OLIVIER, B. A., | Assistant in Astronomy |
| FRANCIS HOWISON DUNNINGTON, B. A., | Assistant in Physics |
| FRANCIS OLIN RICHEY, | Assistant in Physics |
The Academic Schools comprise the Schools of Languages, Literature,
History, Philosophy, Education, Mathematics, and the Sciences.
Each of these Schools offers one or more undergraduate courses of instruction,
comprising the work required of students who choose an
elective in the subject in question as one of the requisites for the degree
of Bachelor of Arts. These are followed in each School by graduate
courses, the completion of all of which, together with that of the undergraduate
course or courses preceding it, entitles the student to a diploma
of graduation in the School in question, as already stated on a preceding
page. A detailed account of the courses and equipment of the Schools
is given: the relation of these courses to the academic degrees of the
University has already been stated.
The professors and instructors in the Academic Schools compose the
Academic Faculty, which deals with questions related to the work of
both the College and the Department of Graduate Studies.
SCHOOL OF LATIN.
| Emeritus Professor Peters. | |
| Professor Fitz-Hugh. | Mr. Walker. |
| Mr. Webb. | Mr. McLemore. |
Required for Admission to the Work of the School:—The General
Entrance Examination including the examination in Latin.
Preparation.—The Latin work of the University finds its logical
place in the public school system as the continuation of the Latin work
of the High School. It presupposes, therefore, about four years of competent
instruction in Latin, involving the Roman pronunciation, habitual
observance of quantity and accent, regular drill in grammar and prose
composition through all preparatory years, elementary Reader, Nepos,
Cæsar, and the easier orations of Cicero. If the preparation of the student
justifies it he will be admitted to advanced standing, with due credit for
all work done elsewhere by him.
Attention is further called to the importance of beginning Greek
for all who wish to reap the full cultural benefit of the University
courses in Latin. The study of at least one Romanic language also is
very desirable.
General Statement.—The first three years of University Latin are
devoted to the broad cultural study of the language, literature, and life
of the Romans. In the course of the instruction the effort is made to
exhibit as far as possible the relation of Roman civilization to the Greek,
on the one hand, and to Romanic and modern, on the other, and thus to
emphasize the unity and continuity of all human culture. The desirability
of a knowledge of Greek, and of at least one Romanic language, is
therefore suggested to the student in connection with the study of Latin:
the Greek illumines incomparably all parts of Latin study, which in turn
bears a like relation to the Romanic.
The work is organized in all years as follows:
A. In Language: Systematic study of Latin grammar, with oral and
written exercises in prose composition. One hour a week.
B. In Literature: Reading of authors in culture-historical sequences.
Two hours a week.
C. In Life: Systematic study of Roman culture-history in English,
in conjunction with the reading of the authors (B).
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1: Entrance Examination in Latin prerequisite.
A. In Language: General grammar (Hale-Buck), with oral and
written exercises (Moulton-Collar, Mather-Wheeler, Gildersleeve-Lodge).
B. In Literature: historical, Sallust's Conspiracy of Catiline and
Cicero's Orations against Catiline—epic, Vergil's Æneid and Ovid's Metamorphoses,
with study of the hexameter—philosophic, Cicero's De Senectute,
and his De Amicitia.
C. In Roman Life: Its geography, history, and antiquities (Tozer's
Classical Geography and Kiepert's Atlas, Botsford's Story of Rome, Johnston's
Private Life of the Romans.
Course 2: Course 1 prerequisite.
A. In Language: General grammar (Gildersleeve-Lodge), with oral
and written exercises (Gildersleeve-Lodge, Nutting, Bennett).
B. In Literature: historical, Livy's Hannibalic War (Books XXIXXII)
and Sallust's Jugurthine War—lyric, the Odes of Catullus and
Horace, with study of the lyric metres—philosophic, Horace's Satires and
Epistles, Seneca's Moral Essays, and Cicero's Somnium Scipionis.
C. In Roman Life: Its religion and art (Bulfinch's Age of Fable,
Tarbell's History of Greek Art, Goodyear's Roman Art).
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 3: Course 2 prerequisite.
A. In Language: Syntax of the Noun and Verb (Peters), with oral
and written exercises (Bennett, Moore, Nettleship).
B. In Literature: historical, Tacitus' Annals and Germania and
Seutonius' Lives—dramatic, Plautus' Captivi and Mostellaria, and Terence's
Andria and Phormio, in conjunction with Horace's Ars Poetica—philosophic,
Lucretius' De Natura Rerum with Cicero's De Natura Deorum,
and Juvenal's Satires.
C. In Roman Life: Its literature and philosophy (Mackail's Latin
Literature and Laing's Masterpieces, Mayor's History of Ancient Philosophy
from Thales to Cicero, and Pater's Marius the Epicurean).
For Graduates Only.
Course 4: Course 3 prerequisite.—This course is intended for those
who desire to specialize in classical philology, and especially for those
who choose Latin as their major elective for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy. Roman civilization is the link between the Hellenic and the
Romanic, and hence, Latin philology, which is the science of Roman
civilization, has vital points of contact with Greek philology on the one
hand, and with Romanic on the other. If the candidate's main subject
be Latin, a respectable familiarity with Greek is required, since the
language, literature, and higher culture of the Romans are saturated with
Greek influence. If the candidate's main subject be Romanic, the Greek
requirement is waived as far as practically possible, and he is guided into
the history of the Roman folk speech, the common source of the Romanic
tongues, and into acquaintance with the authors who illustrate it in
literature.
Plan of Work.—It is the aim of this course, as far as the teaching
force and the resources of the School permit, to prepare the candidate
to investigate independently the sources of our knowledge of the language,
monuments (literary and objective) and life of the Romans. The following
is therefore an outline of the course:
A. In Language: Elements of comparative grammar (Giles, supplemented
by Hirt and Sommer on Sounds and Inflections and by Brugmann
and Schmalz on Syntax)—introduction to Latin historical grammar
(Lindsay, supplemented by Landgraf)—systematic grammar (Kühner)
with stylistic exercises, oral and written, in conjunction with Cicero's
De Oratore—reading of authors illustrating the history of the Latin
language.
B. In the Literary and Objective Monuments of the Romans: Reading
of authors in groups systematically planned to illustrate the literary
life of the Romans—history and interpretation of texts—elements of palæography
(Johnston, supplemented by Thompson), epigraphy (Lindsay,
supplemented by Egbert and Cagnat), numismatics (Gnecchi, supplemented
by Hill), topography and remains (Platner).
C. In Roman Life: Constructive study of Roman culture-history—
reading of authors illustrating the development of Roman civilization—
study of modern authorities in Roman culture-history.
Aids.—For the sake of first-hand access to important modern authorities
in Latin philology, the candidate is urged to acquire a good
reading knowledge of German, French, and Italian. Such a mastery of
German and French is imperative.
SCHOOL OF GREEK.
Professor Humphreys.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination.
This school comprises the following courses:
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1: A course for beginners. Text-books: Gleason and Atherton's
First Greek Book; Xenophon's Anabasis (two books). Young
men who have the opportunity are urged to prepare themselves for the
next course (2) or course 3 before coming to the University.
Course 2: Course 1 prerequisite, or the Entrance Examination in
Greek (or its equivalent). A course of easy Attic Prose: Xenophon's
Memorabilia and Hellenica, Lysias, Goodwin's Grammar, Elementary
Exercises.
Course 3: Course 2 or its equivalent prerequisite. A course of Attic
Prose and the Drama, Herodotus and Homer, Syntax, Exercises, Literature,
History, Meters, etc. The class will begin with Plato's Apology
and Crito.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 4: Course 3 prerequisite. A more advanced course, including
portions of Demosthenes, Thucydides, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Aristophanes,
Lyric Poets; also Meters, Syntax, and Exercises.
For Graduates Only.
Course 5: Course 4 prerequisite. Designed for those who wish to
devote themselves to classical scholarship, and especially for those who
choose Greek as their major elective for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy. For admission to this course, proficiency in Courses 2 and 3,
or equivalent preparation, is required. The course 4 may be taken as the
first year Ph. D. course. At present the additional work consists of four
special courses, each comprising three hours per week during a half
session. The lectures will be employed chiefly in directing the private
study of the students.
The four courses offered at present are as follows:
I. A course of selected readings extending over the whole field of
Greek literature in the order of historical development. This course is
intended as a general survey.
II. A course in Attic Prose, especially the orators, directed partly
to questions of grammar, and partly to the artistic form and style.
III. A study of the Attic drama, including the special study in class
of the Œdipus Tyrannus of Sophocles and the Frogs of Aristophanes.
IV. A study of the Greek poets, with special reference to music,
rhythm, meter, and structure. The ancient doctrine of meter and rhythm
will be carefully examined, and portions of the Lyric poets, including
Pindar, read in class.
For all the classes of this School private reading is prescribed, and
the examinations will be partly upon this and the work done in class,
and partly upon passages selected from the Greek authors at will.
Text-Books.—Goodwin's Greek Grammar; Goodwin's Moods and Tenses; Veitch's
Verbs; Liddell and Scott's Lexicon (intermediate, and in Courses II and III, unabridged
edition); Morey's History of Greece; Fowler's Greek Literature. Any editions
of Greek authors may be used, except when particular ones are specially prescribed;
but students should always have at hand Teubner's texts for reference, and for use
on examinations. At present Rhythm and Meters and some other subjects are taught
wholly or partly by lecture.
SCHOOL OF TEUTONIC LANGUAGES.
Professor Harrison.
Adj. Prof. Faulkner.
Required for admission to the work of the School: In English;
the General Entrance Examination, and in addition, preparation equivalent
Examination.
The subjects taught in this School are the English and German languages
(including Old and Middle English, Gothic, Old and Middle High
German).
I. English.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1: Course 1 in English Literature prerequisite.—Course 1 in
English is designed to lay a broad foundation for the intelligent study of
the language on both the historical (philological) and the literary side.
The opportunity is seized from the beginning to interest the student in
the history and etymology of current English words and phrases, to point
him by a general course of Anglo-Saxon (Old English) and Middle
English to the gradual evolution of Modern English as we have it now,
and to furnish him with ampple material for the prosecution of further
study and research. A carefully graded series of texts and text-books
will lead the student from the language of Alfred through Chaucer and
the Elizabethans to the English of Victoria.
Text-Books.—First Term:—Sweet's Anglo-Saxon Primer; Bradley's The Making
of English.
Second Term:—Morris and Skeat's Chaucer's Prologue and Knightes Tale; Baskervill
and Harrison's Anglo-Saxon Reader (Prose); Greenough and Kittredge's Words
and their Ways in English Speech; Lectures on Early English Literature.
Third Term:—Baskervill and Harrison's Anglo-Saxon Reader (poetry); Corson's
Introduction to the Study of Shakspere; the Arden Hamlet; Saunder's Chaucer's
Canterbury Tales.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 2: Course 1 prerequisite.—This course is a more specialized
form of Course 1 on the same general lines; a knowledge of Anglo-Saxon
is essential to its profitable prosecution. The historical study of
the language is pursued in greater detail; the student's attention is concentrated
on the history and origins of English; lectures on the Poetry
and Life of the Anglo-Saxons are given; Fourteenth Century English
receives detailed attention, and selected works of the Elizabethan period
will be examined and studied critically.
The effort will constantly be made to make these courses in the
English Language run parallel on the linguistic side with the courses in
English Literature, so that the two may profitably be taken together.
Text-Books.—First Term:—Sweet's or Bright's Anglo-Saxon Reader (Prose);
Morris and Skeat's Specimens, II; Toller's Outlines. Parallel Reading.
Second Term:—Skeat's Principles, I; The Student's Chaucer; Brooke's History
of Old English Literature; Professor's Lectures on Anglo-Saxon Meters; Anglo-Saxon,
continued (Poetry). Parallel reading.
Third Term:—Beowulf; Skeat's Principles, II; Chaucer's Canterbury Tales
(completed); Spenser's Faerie Queene; Brooke (completed); Lectures on Anglo-Saxon
Poetry.
Note:—In 1904-5 this class discussed once a week in the English Seminary,
second term, written reports on points connected with Chaucer's language, vocabulary,
proverbs, learning, versification, etc. During the third term Spenser formed the center
of the Seminary work.
A piece of technical work, such as the construction of a vocabulary,
the examination of particular points in syntax or grammar, or the discussion
of a particular author, may be required of a student in this
course. Parallel reading is required.
For Graduates Only.
Course 3: Course 2 prerequisite.—A course in Anglo-Saxon Poetry.
Course 4: Course 2 prerequisite.— A course in Anglo-Saxon Prose.
Course 5: Course 2 prerequisite.—A course in Middle English
Poetry.
Course 6: Course 2 prerequisite.—A course in Gothic. (Courses
4, 5, and 6 were not given in 1905-6.)
Courses 3, 4, 5, and 6 are open to students who desire to specialize
in the subject of English, and especially to those who choose this subject
as their major elective for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. A general
statement only of their character can be given, each course being adapted
to the needs and preferences of the student. The foundations will be
laid in a thorough knowledge of Gothic, Old and Middle High German,
and Old French to the Sixteenth Century; phonetics will be carefully
studied; and the principles of comparative grammar and syntax will be
duly explained.
Frequent conference, stated examinations, and original research will
form essential parts of work in these courses.
The Professor's large and choice collection of Anglo-Saxon,
English, German, and French philological works is open to the students.
II. German.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1: In this course the students begin with elementary grammar,
reading, and composition. About six hundred pages of German prose
are translated, and thirty pages of German in the form of weekly exercises
are written. One hour a week is given to conversation.
Text-Books.—First Term:—Bierwirth's Beginning German; Müller and Wenckebach's
Glück Auf.
Second Term:—Sealsfield's Die Prärie am Jacinto.
Third Term:—Das Mädchen von Treppi; Das Wirtshaus zu Cransac; Gerstäcker's
Irrfahrten.
Course 2: Course 1 prerequisite.—Course 2 in German is, like the
corresponding course in English, designed to lay a broad foundation for
the intelligent study of the language on both the philological and the
literary side. A carefully selected series of text-books will gradually
introduce the student to the pronunciation, grammar, syntax, and translation
of the language; exercises once a week in German script will familiarize
him with grammatical analysis; and appropriate texts on the
history and literature of Germany will introduce him to these important
sides of the study. Parallel reading is required.
Text-Books.—First Term:—Bierwirth's Elements of German; Stern's Geschichten
von Deutschen Städten; Von Klenze's Deutsche Gedichte; Hosmer's Short History
of German Literature; Kron's German Daily Life.
Second Term:—Hauff's Lichtenstein; Werner's Heimatklang; Goethe's Die Neue
Melusine; Zschokke's Der Tote Gast.
Third Term:—Goethe's Hermann and Dorothea; Schiller's Jungfrau von Orleans
and Maria Stuart; Freytag's Die Journalisten.
Course 3: Scientific German: Course 1 prerequisite.—Students
taking this course will, during the first term, take the work of Course 2,
outlined above, and will then read Gore's, Dippoldt's, or Brandt's Scientific
German Reader (at least two of these).
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 4: Course 2 prerequisite.—This course is a more specialized
continuation of Course 2 in German, on the same general lines. The historical
study of German is taken up; the masterpieces of German literature
are systematically studied in critical annotated texts; exercises continue
throughout the year; and the literature and life of Germany are
studied in some detail. Parallel reading is required, and one hour a week
is given to conversation.
Text-Books.—First Term:—Whitney's Compendious German Grammar; Behaghel's
Historical Grammar; Stein's Exercises; Goethe's Meisterwerke (Bernhardt's); Lodemann's
Germany and the Germans; Francke's Social Forces in German Literature.
Second Term:—Whitney, Stein, Francke and Behaghel, continued; Wenckebach's
Meisterwerke des Mittelalters; Scheffel's Ekkehard; Freytag's Soll und Haben.
Third Term:—Annotated Editions of Lessing, Goethe, Heine, Grillparzer, Kleist.
For Graduates Only.
Course 5: Courses 2 and 4 prerequisite.—A course in the Middle
High German Epic.
Course 6: Courses 2 and 4 prerequisite.—A course in Middle High
German Lyric Poetry.
Course 7: Courses 2 and 4 prerequisite.—A course in Old High
German.
Course 8: Courses 2 and 4 prerequisite.—A course in Gothic.
(These courses were not given in 1905-6.)
Courses 5, 6, 7, and 8 are open to students who desire to specialize
in the subject of German, and especially to those who choose this subject
as their major elective for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. German
and English combine admirably for the doctorate as "major" and
"primary minor" to each other, either from the German or from the
English point of view. Conference with the Professor is requested for
the purpose of arranging the student's studies. If German is elected,
Gothic, systematically studied through Wright's Primer, Bernhardt's
Gotische Bibel, and Skeat, is the foundation. Behaghel's Heliand (Saxon)
may well follow this. A course in Old and Middle High German, studied
in the works and editions of Braune, Wright, Sievers, Erdmann, and
Henry, connects the Gothic and modern High German, and gives ample
philological as well as literary training to the German specialist.
Conversation Clubs.—An opportunity for practice in German conversation
is given to students who desire it in the conversation clubs
connected with the work of the school. These clubs are open to all
students of German in the University, and meet, under the direction of
the adjunct-professor, one hour a week each. Attendance is voluntary,
and membership in each club is limited to twelve.
SCHOOL OF ROMANIC LANGUAGES.
Professor Wilson.
Dr. Davidson.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: the General
Entrance Examination.
French, Old French, Spanish, and Italian are taught in this School.
There are three courses in French, two courses in Spanish, one course in
Italian, and one course in Old French.
The requirements for the B. A. elective in group II, as restricted to
Romanic Languages, may be satisfied by a student completing the two
French courses or by his completing the two Spanish courses, according as
he shall choose. Either French or Italian may be offered for the M. A.
degree. The course in Old French is technical and is intended to supplement
the doctorate work done at this University in English and German
Literature.
French.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1.—This course offers to academic students an opportunity
of beginning the study of French at the University, and to professional
students an opportunity of learning the rudiments of the language. Candidates
for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, who are required to possess
a reading knowledge of French, will be considered as having absolved
the requirement upon the completion of this course. Four hundred pages
of Modern French, carefully selected, are read. Thirty pages of French
prose are written. Stress is laid upon pronunciation, and oral exercises
are frequent. Text-books, first term: Fraser and Squair's Grammar;
Mérimée, Colomba.
Course 2: Course 1 prerequisite, or its equivalent.—A thousand pages
of French are read, dealing especially with the novel, drama, and lyric
poetry of the Nineteenth Century. Fifty pages of prose are written,
bearing on the subjunctive mood and the irregular verbs. Stress is laid
upon oral exercises. Short courses in the geography and history of France
are given, as well as other courses which deal with French civilization
considered as a whole. The history of French Literature is also studied.
Text-books, first term: Fraser and Squair's Grammar; Gasc's Dictionary;
Dumas, Monte Cristo; Dumas fils, La Question d'Argent.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 3: Courses 1 and 2 prerequisite.—The lyric, drama, and novel
will be considered. Idiomatic French, as used in conversation, will be
studied. Original composition will be required, and, along with an oral
examination, will constitute the test for graduation. Text-books, first
term: Hennequin's Idiomatic French; Molière, Le Misanthrope and
L'Avare; Hugo, Hernani; Pailleron, Le monde où l'on s'ennuie; Rostand,
Cyrano de Bergerac.
Spanish.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1 (Spanish).—This course offers to academic students an
opportunity of beginning the study of Spanish at the University, and to
professional students an opportunity of learning the rudiments of the
language. It is essentially a beginner's course. Four hundred pages of
Modern Spanish, carefully selected, are read. Thirty pages of Spanish
prose are written. Stress is laid upon pronunciation. Oral exercises are
frequent. Text-books, first term: Hills and Ford's Grammar; Alarcón,
El Capitán Veneno.
Course 2 (Spanish): Course 1 prerequisite.—A thousand pages of
Spanish are read, dealing especially with the novel, drama and lyric poetry
of the Nineteenth Century. Fifty pages of prose are written. Stress is
laid on oral exercises. The history of Spanish Literature is studied, and
an effort is made to render the student familiar with the Spain of to-day.
Text-books, first term: Garner's Grammar; Galdo's Marianela; Alarcón,
El Niño de la Bola; Echegaray, El Gran Galeoto.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Italian.
Course 3: French 1 and 2 or Spanish 1 and 2 prerequisite.—One
course is offered, for which no previous knowledge of Italian is required.
Students are advanced rapidly through an elementary grammar, and
then through a series of graded texts to the point where Modern Italian
is read with ease. Several of the more important monuments of the
Nineteenth Century are read and discussed; after which the attention of
the class is directed to Dante, Petrarch, and Boccacio. Large portions
of these three authors are read. The history of Italian Literature is
studied, and also that of the Renaissance as a whole. Text-books, first
term: Grandgent's Grammar; Millhouse's Dictionary; Amicis, Alberto;
Barrili, Una Notte Bizzarra.
Old French.
For Graduates Only.
Course 4.—This course is intended to supplement the doctorate work
done at this University in English and German literature and at the same
time constitute a basis of advanced instruction for men aspiring to
Romance scholarship. The course is open to students who have completed
the French, Spanish and Italian courses at this University, or the
equivalent elsewhere.
Lectures and class-work incident to the course are conducted in
French. The more important monuments of Old French are translated
into the modern idiom, and the syntax and literary tendencies of different
periods are contrasted.
LINDEN KENT MEMORIAL
SCHOOL OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.
| Professor Kent. | |
| Mr. Brown. | Mr. Davis. |
| Mr. Bonn. | Mr. McCants. |
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination will admit to Course 1, but students entering the
examination for classification. This examination requires a knowledge of
the priciples of English grammar, elementary rhetoric and composition;
the history of English and American literature or, in lieu thereof, specimens
of literature critically studied under the guidance of a competent
instructor. The presentation of an approved certificate covering these
requirements will exempt the candidate from examination.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1: The Entrance Examination (or its equivalent) prerequisite.—This
course is designed to meet the needs of students preparing
directly for professional studies and of others whose training is inadequate
for Course 2.
I. Composition and Rhetoric, with special reference to the structure
of sentences and paragraphs, composition of letters, business papers, etc.,
and practice in the forms of discourse. Text-book: Newcomer and
Seward's Rhetoric; Carpenter's Model English Prose.
II. History of American Literature. This course is based upon the
text-book, but the text will be amplified and explained by comment and
discussion. Text-book: Abernethy's American Literature; Assigned Readings.
III. The Study of Poetry. This course is restricted to a study of
common verse forms, with chronological exhibition of their uses. Textbook:
Gayley and Young's Principles and Progress of English Poetry.
Frequent exercises on the black-board and in writing will be required
and parallel reading to the amount of three hundred pages each
term will be assigned.
Course 2: Course 1 (or its equivalent) prerequisite.
I. Review of Rhetoric and the General History of English Literature.
Text-books: Baldwin's College Rhetoric; Gosse's History of English Literature.
II. Shakespeare: A brief study of his Life and Times, with special
study of four plays. Text-book: Jenks, In the Days of Shakespeare:
Richard II: Twelfth Night: King Lear: and The Tempest. (Arden
Series.)
III. English Poetry, with review and practice of poetic forms. Textbook:
Palgrave's Golden Treasury, Professor's Notes on Poetics.
IV. English Literature of the Nineteenth Century, with special study
of Wordsworth and Tennyson. Text-books: Herford's Age of Wordsworth,
Walker's Age of Tennyson.
About one thousand pages of parallel reading will be assigned during
the session. There will be about twenty written exercises, and three
required essays on literary topics.
Course 3: Course 1 (or its equivalent) prerequisite.—Either Course
2 or Course 3 may be offered as the elective from group III, and the other
may be offered as an elective at large.
I. Literary Style. This covers Diction, Sentence, and Paragraph,
with a general discussion of the art of composition. Text-books:
Genung's Working Principles of Rhetoric, Brewster's Representative
Essays on The Theory of Style.
II. Description, with specimens of descriptive writing in prose and
poetry. Text-books: Genung's Rhetoric, with Selected Specimens.
III. Narration, with special study of the Short Story and the History
of Fiction. Text-books: Genung's Rhetoric, Perry's Study of Fiction,
Jessup's The Book of the Short Story.
IV. Exposition, with special study of literary criticism. Genung's
Rhetoric, Winchester's Literary Criticism.
V. Argumentation, with special study of Debate. Genung's Rhetoric,
Baker's Principles of Argumentation (1904).
VI. Oratory and Forms of Spoken Discourse. Genung's Rhetoric,
Robinson's Forensic Oratory.
VII. Poetics, with discussion of Versification, Types of Poetry,
Chronological Use of Certain Forms, etc. Text-book: Professor's Notes.
About seven hundred and fifty pages of parallel reading will be
assigned for the session, and about thirty written exercises. Three
essays, one each term, will be required.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 4: Course 2 or 3 or the equivalent prerequisite.—In this
course there may be occasional lectures, but in general the class exercises
will consist of conferences and discussions. Independent investigation
will be insisted upon, with reports, either written or oral, from time to
time. Much outside reading is necessary. Besides these written exercises
and reports three essays are required, one each term, which must show
original research and independent conclusions. The themes of these
essays may be assigned, or selected with the Professor's approval. Subjects
to be studied in this course for 1906-1907 are:
I. Shakespeare as a Dramatic Artist. Text-books: Barrett Wendell's
Shakespeare, Kent's Shakespeare Note Book, a single volume edition of
Shakespeare's Plays.
II. British Essayists of the Nineteenth Century. No text-book required.
III. American Poets and Poetry. Text-books to be assigned.
For Graduates Only.
A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy may select
English Literature for his secondary minor, his primary minor, or his
major subject. For 1906-1907 the courses are as follows:
Course 5; or secondary minor: This is the same as Course 4 with
such supplementary work, both in reading or writing, as may be required.
Course 6; or primary minor: The candidates, who must have completed
satisfactorily Course 5, will pursue any three of the following
courses the Professor may deem advisable, with such supplementary reading
and writing as may be prescribed:
History of Lyric Poetry.
British Essayists from Bacon to Burke.
British Essayists of the Nineteenth Century.
Literary Tendencies in the Nineteenth Century.
Victorian Poetry.
American Poets and Poetry.
Shakespeare as a Dramatic Artist.
Milton and his Times.
Tennyson and the Nineteenth Century.
Myths and Traditions in English Poetry.
Dr. Johnson and his Times.
Course 7; or major: The candidate who has completed satisfactorily
the work mapped out for the secondary minor, and the primary minor,
will select, with the Professor's approval, a subject for his dissertation,
and will then proceed to the careful investigation of his subject, and the
preparation of his thesis. Collateral reading will be prescribed and required.
A written record of all the reading done throughout these three
years will be preserved, and, with the examination and thesis, will constitute
the test of the whole Ph. D. course.
CORCORAN SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL AND
ECONOMICAL SCIENCE.
| Professor Dabney. | |
| Mr. Bidgood. | Mr. Micou. |
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination, and an examination for classification in History;
Ancient History (published by Allyn and Bacon, of Boston): the examination
for classification may be waived if the applicant (a) is twenty years
of age at the beginning of the academic year; or (b) has already passed
in at least two full courses in other subjects at this University; or (c)
can convince the Professor either by a certificate from a reputable school
or college, or otherwise, that his historical knowledge and mental discipline
are adequate. The following courses are offered.
History.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1: General History.—In this course great stress is laid upon
the unity and continuity of History, although special attention is given
to those events and periods that have markedly determined the course of
historical evolution.
Text-Books.—West's Ancient History; Capes' Age of the Antonines; Thatcher's
and Schwill's Europe in the Middle Age; Thatcher's and McNeal's Source Book for
Mediaeval History; Myers's The Modern Age; Seebohm's Era of the Protestant
Revolution; Gardiner's Thirty Years' War; Longman's Frederick the Great and the
Seven Years' War; Dabney's Causes of the French Revolution; Morris's French
Revolution and First Empire.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 2: English and American History: Course 1 prerequisite.
—In this higher course the principles taught in the course preceding will
be applied to a more special field; and, in order that the students may
be encouraged to exercise independent thought and judgment, they will
be required to write essays on particular topics.
Text-Books.—Oman's History of England; Lee's Source Book of English History;
Gardiner's Atlas of English History; Lecky's American Revolution (edited by
Woodburn); Walker's Making of the Nation; Burgess's Middle Period; Powell's
Nullification and Secession in the United States; Dodge's Bird's-Eye View of our
Civil War; Curry's Southern States of the American Union.
For Graduates Only.
Course 3: Courses 1 and 2 prerequisite, or their equivalent.—Intellectual,
Moral, Religious, and Social Development of Europe.—The course
will begin with a study of the principles of historical method based upon
the "Introduction to the Study of History" by Langlois and Seignobos; and
these principles will then be applied to the critical examination of a number
of works by such authors as Buckle, Lecky, Draper, Guizot, Andrew D.
White, Bryce, and others. Required, together with Courses 1 and 2, of
students selecting History as primary minor subject for the Ph. D. degree.
Offered for 1906-'07.
Course 4: Courses 1 and 2 prerequisite, or their equivalent.—History
of the Reconstruction of the Southern States. Required, together with
Courses 1, 2, and 3, of students selecting History as major subject for
the Ph. D. degree, or, together with Courses 1 and 2, of those selecting it
as primary minor. Not offered in 1906-'07.
Economics.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1: This course, an elective for the B. A. degree, is devoted
to the general principles of Economic Science, with special attention to
money and credit and to corporations, monopolies, and trusts.
Text-Books.—Seager's Introduction to Economics; White's Money and Banking;
Ely's Monopolies and Trusts; Ripley's Trusts, Pools and Corporations.
CORCORAN SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY.
| Professor Davis. | |
| Professor Lefevre. | Mr. Smith. |
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination or its equivalent. Students are advised not to
undertake the work of this School before their second session in the
College.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1: Deductive and Inductive Logic: Theory of Knowledge.
Professor Lefevre.
Text-Books.—To be announced.
Course 2: Psychology, its main problems, principles and methods.
Professor Lefevre.
Text-Books.—To be announced.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 3: Course 1 or 2 prerequisite. During the first half session,
the course in Ethics: during the second half session, the course in
Philosophy. The intermediate examination in this course is held, at a
date to be fixed by the Professor, on the completion of the first half of
the course. Professor Davis.
Text-Books.—For the first half-course, the Professor's Elements of Ethics; for
the second half-course, Ueberweg's History of Philosophy.
Primarily for Graduates.
Course 4: Course 1 or 2 prerequisite.—Empiricism and Rationalism.
The empirical movement as represented by Locke, Hume, and Mill, and
the rationalistic movement as represented especially by Descartes, Spinoza,
and Leibniz, will be studied with reference to their distinctive methods.
Reading of texts and commentaries, lectures, discussions, and essays.
Professor Lefevre.
For Graduates Only.
Course 5: Open to students who have taken or are taking Course 4.
—The Critical Philosophy of Kant. The greater part of the year will
be devoted to the careful study of the Critique of Pure Reason and the
Critique of Practical Reason. Collateral reading of standard commentaries
and of selected recent literature on the subject will be required.
Special attention will be given to Kant's relation to previous
philosophical systems, to the development of his own philosophy, and to
the interrelation of his three Critiques. Reading of texts, lectures, discussions,
and reports. Professor Lefevre.
Further advanced work in Philosophy will be arranged in accordance
with the needs of individual students.
CURRY MEMORIAL SCHOOL OF EDUCATION.
Professor Heck.
Professor Payne.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination or its equivalent. Students who have not had
the equivalent of the first year's work of the College are advised not to
undertake the work of the School.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1: History of Education—Educational ideals and practice
studied as phases of social evolution. Special attention is given to the
systems of education in ancient India, Egypt and China; in Greece and
Rome; in Europe during the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and the
Reformation; in modern Germany, France, England, and America. These
systems are analysed as revealing epochal and national ideals, the writings
of individuals being studied for their contribution to, and interpretation
of, these systems. Histories and original sources are used as texts, supplemented
by parallel reading. Professor Heck.
Course 3: Psychology and Philosophy of Education. The purpose
of this course is an examination into the fundamental psychological and
assigned readings, reports, and discussions. Professor Payne.
Course 4: Secondary Education.—Lectures, assigned readings, reports,
and discussions. Professor Payne.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 2: Principles of Education.—A summary of present educational
theory and practice. After an introductory consideration of the
method and material of educational study, the aim of education is defined
and illustrated at length. Theories of organic evolution are outlined
and discussed in their influence upon theories of education. The
second and third terms are devoted to a study of physical education and
school hygiene, educational psychology, school administration, general
method, and special methods in secondary schools. The texts are supplemented
by extensive parallel reading and the preparation of term theses.
Professor Heck.
Course 5: School Administration.—A seminar study of national,
state, and city school systems; public finance and education; school buildings
and equipment; the supervision and employment of teachers; the
relation between school, home, and society. The educational systems and
policies of the Southern States are considered in detail. Texts are read
rapidly, the main emphasis being put upon parallel reading and original
investigation. Professor Heck.
SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS.
| Professor Echols. | Mr. Stone. |
| Professor Page. | Mr. Luck. |
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination, and in addition an examination for classification:
the latter covers Algebra through quadratics and the whole of Plane
Geometry.
In this School as at present organized there are seven courses.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1: The examination for classification prerequisite. This class
meets three times a week, and devotes about three months to each of the
three subjects, Geometry, Trigonometry, and Algebra.
In Geometry the work begins with the solution of numerous original
exercises in Plane Geometry, and proceeds through Solid Geometry with
constant drill in original exercises.
In Trigonometry, a complete course in Plane and Spherical Trigonometry
is pursued with constant drill in the solution of problems and
exercises in the use of logarithms.
In Algebra, the work begins with the Progressions and proceeds with
the study of the Binomial Formula, Convergence and Divergence of Series,
with special study of the Binomial, Exponential, and Logarithmic
Series. The study of Inequalities and Determinants prepares for the
Theory of Equations with which the course is closed.
In addition to the regular examinations held during the session, there
will be held a special examination on the work of Course 1 on the first day
of each session, to which any student registered in the School of Mathematics
will be admitted. To a student successfully passing this examination
will be given a certificate of proficiency in the work required in
Course 1. Professor Page.
Text-Books.—Venable, Legendre's Geometry, with Exercises; Loney, Trigonometry,
Part I; Murray, Spherical Trigonometry; Charles Smith, Treatise on Algebra.
Course 2: Course 1 prerequisite.—The class devotes three months
to Analytical Geometry and six months to the Differential and Integral
Calculus.
In Analytical Geometry, the Cartesian method of representing a function
by points, lines, and surfaces is considered, and a special study of the
conic sections is made. In three dimensions, as far as the time permits,
the straight line, the plane and the conicoids are introduced and discussed.
In the Calculus a careful study of the functions of one variable is
made, and is followed by the study of functions of two and three variables
as far as the time allows.
In this class both the educational and the practical value of the topics
considered, as well as their importance with regard to all further work
in mathematics, are clearly brought to view. Constant drill at the board
and frequent examination and repetition of principles are insisted on.
Professor Echols.
Text-Books.—Charles Smith, Conic Sections; Notes on Analytical Geometry of
Three Dimensions; Echols, Differential and Integral Calculus.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 3: Course 2 prerequisite.—The course begins with the study
of Analytical Geometry of Three Dimensions. The Differential and
Integral Calculus is taken up, at the point left off in Course 2, and is
systematically studied along broad lines. A course of parallel reading on
the History of Mathematics is assigned and an examination held in this
Professor Echols.
Text-Books.—Charles Smith, Solid Geometry; Echols, Differential and Integral
Calculus; Williamson, Differential Calculus; Williamson, Integral Calculus; Murray,
Differential Equations; Cajori, History of Mathematics.
For Graduates Only.
The candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, who chooses
Mathematics for his major subject, is required to complete the work of
the four following courses, as well as that of Course 3, and to present a
thesis which shall be acceptable to the Faculty.
Course 4: A Course in Geometry: Course 3 prerequisite.—In this
is offered a preparatory course in Descriptive Geometry, which is followed
by courses in Projective and Kinematical Geometry.
A study is made of the foundations on which Geometry is based after
the methods of Hilbert, Lobatschewsky, Riemann, etc. Professor Echols.
Course 5: A Course in Differential Geometry: Course 3 prerequisite.—In
this the year will be devoted to a course in the Applications
of the Differential and Integral Calculus to Geometry, with special reference
to the theory of the General Space Curve, the Surface, and the Surface
Curve. This class, and the following one, meet three tmies a week.
Professor Page.
Course 6: A Course in Differential Equations: Course 3 prerequisite.—In
this there will be presented a course in Ordinary and Partial
Differential Equations. In the discussion of the Ordinary Differential
Equation, particular attention is paid to the theory of integration of such
equations as admit of a known Transformation Group, and the classic
methods of integration are compared with those which flow from the
Theory of Transformation Groups. A similar method is adopted in the
study of the Simultaneous System, with its equivalent Linear Partial
Differential Equation of the First Order. As far as the time admits,
the theories of integration of the Complete System, as well as those of
the General Partial Differential Equation of the First and Second Orders,
will be discussed. Professor Page.
Course 7: A Course in the Theory of Functions: Course 3 prerequisite.—In
this class is offered to advanced students a course in Mathematical
Analysis. The treatment of the subject is arranged under three
heads, as follows:
The design of the numbers of analysis and the laws of the operations
to which they are subject are studied after the methods of Dedekind
and Tannery, Cantor and Weierstrass, as introductory to the study
of functions.
The study of the Theory of Functions of a Real Variable, including
series, products, and continued fractions, the Calculus of Finite Differences
and of Variations, lead up to the need of the complex variable.
The General Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable is studied
after the methods of Cauchy, Riemann, and Weierstrass.
A special study is made of the series of Taylor and of Fourier.
Professor Echols.
The work in Courses 4, 5, 6, and 7 is carried on by means of lectures,
notes and the systematic reading of the standard authors in texts and in
journals.
SCHOOL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS.
Professor Thornton.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination, and Course 1 in the School of Mathematics or
its equivalent.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1: General Mechanics: Mathematics 1 prerequisite.—This
course, which comprises the work in Mechanics for the B. A. elective, is
of a fundamental character. Elementary mathematical methods are employed,
but no student is prepared to pursue it who has not acquired a
sound working knowledge of Algebra, Geometry, and Plane Trigonometry,
with the rudiments of Analytical Geometry: Course 2 in Pure Mathematics
must also be taken parallel with this course, unless the student
already posesses a fair knowledge of the Infinitesimal Calculus. The
work is distributed over the three terms of the session, as follows:
First Term—General Introduction to Mechanics.
Second Term—Statics, graphical and analytical.
Third Term—Elementary Dynamics of a Particle.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 2: Analytical Mechanics: Mathematics 2 and Course 1 prerequisite.—This
course embraces the work in Mechanics for the M. A.
elective. The distribution of the work over the three terms of the session
is as follows:
First Term—Kinematics and Dynamical Principles.
Second Term—Dynamics of a Particle; Statics.
Third Term—Dynamics of a Rigid Body.
For Graduates Only.
Course 3: Mixed Mathematics: Mathematics 3 and Course 2 prerequisite.—This
course represents graduate work for the Ph. D. degree.
Only graduates in the school of Pure Mathematics or students with equivalent
preparation will be admitted to it. The course in Analytical Mechanics
is a necessary preliminary. The work is distributed as follows,
and is given mainly by lectures:
A. Theory of Attraction and the Potential.
B. General Principles of Theoretical Dynamics.
C. Dynamics of Material Systems.
D. Theory of Elasticity.
E. Hydrodynamics.
F. Higher Geodesy.
The courses are intended to cover two years of graduate work.
SCHOOL OF PRACTICAL ASTRONOMY.
Professor Stone.
Mr. Olivier.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination, and Course 1 in the School of Mathematics or
its equivalent.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1: General Astronomy: Mathematics 1 prerequisite.—The
primary aim of this course is to give such a knowledge of the facts,
principles, and methods of Astronomy as every well-educated person
should possess.
The instruction is given by oral examinations, by lectures, and by
the assignment of problems. The mental discipline of the student is
kept constantly in view, and an earnest effort is made to create a habit
of clear and logical thinking.
Text-Books.—Young's General Astronomy; Barlow and Bryan's Elementary
Mathematical Astronomy.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 2: Celestial Mechanics: Course 1 and Mathematics 2 (or
its equivalent) prerequisite.—The principal subjects considered are rectilinear
motion, central forces, potential, problems of two, three, and n
bodies, perturbations, determination of a preliminary orbit.
Course 3: Practical Astronomy: Course 1 and Mathematics 2 (or
its equivalent) prerequisite.—Spherical Astronomy and theory of astronomical
instruments with practical exercises in making and reducing astronomical
observations.
Course 4: Celestial Mechanics: Course 2 prerequisite.—Problem of
three bodies, and theory of perturbations.
Course 5: Recent Advances in Celestial Mechanics: Course 4 prerequisite.—Researches
of Hill, Newcomb, Glydén, Poincaré, and others.
Course 6: Advanced Spherical Astronomy: Course 3 prerequisite.
—Determination of the positions of the fixed stars, preparation of star
catalogues, statistical study of the structure of the sidereal universe.
For information in regard to Fellowships in Astronomy application
should be made to the Professor in charge of the School.
The Astronomical Observatory is situated upon an elevation
known as Mount Jefferson, which furnishes an unobstructed horizon.
The principal building is a rotunda forty-five feet in diameter,
and contains the great Clark refractor of twenty-six inches aperture.
The building and instrument are the gift of Leander J. McCormick,
Esq., of Chicago. The computing rooms are adjoining, and contain
clock, chronograph, etc., and a working library. In a smaller building
are a three-inch Fauth transit and a four-inch Kahler equatorial.
A temporary students' observatory has been recently erected in
the rear of Dawson's Row, and is intended more especially for the use
of students in Course 1.
SCHOOL OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
| Professor Smith. | Adj. Prof. Holladay. |
| Mr. Richey. | Mr. Dunnington. |
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination, and in addition the examination for classification
in Pure Mathematics. This School offers the following courses:
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1: Experimental Physics.—This course is intended to include
Elementary Mechanics, Heat, Electricity, Sound, and Light. Instruction
is given by lectures and text-books, with illustrative experiments.
The members of this class are expected to perform a graded set
of simple exercises in the Physical Laboratory, the hours for which are
accommodated, as far as possible, to the convenience of each student.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 2: Mathematical Physics: Course 1 prerequisite.—In this
course, to which are admitted students having a good working knowledge
of Algebra, Trigonometry, and Elementary Infinitesimal Calculus, selected
portions of the preceding one are more fully developed by the aid of
mathematics. The subjects studied may be changed from session to
session, according to the preparation or the needs of the student. The
utmost possible freedom, consistent with the proper standard as to amount
and quality, is afforded to him. The Laboratory work in this class is
more advanced and extensive than in the preceding class, and aims at
the more exact measurement of physical quantities.
Course 3: Electricity: Course 1 prerequisite.—This course is distinguished
from the preceding, in being adapted of design to the needs of
such as intend to pursue Electrical Engineering. The book work and the
Laboratory exercises have therefore a practical character. They are intended
to cover the first half of a four years' course of Electrical Engineering.
For Graduates Only.
Graduate Work is offered to candidates for the Doctorate of Philosophy
and to others who, for special reasons, may wish to do advanced
work in Physics along special lines. This work will be mainly experimental
and, as far as our resources allow, will be accommodated to the
preferences and special preparation of the student himself. More detailed
information respecting the advanced work may meanwhile be obtained
by correspondence or personal interview.
The Rouss Physical Laboratory.
This building is now completed and occupied. The equipment
is such as to offer unusual facilities for both elementary and advanced
practical work.[2]
The working rooms are remarkable for stability,
light, and uniformity of temperature. Electricity, gas, and water, as
well as steam heat, are supplied to each of them. The structure
was specially designed to meet the requirements of Practical Physics,
and is convenient within, while it is sightly without.
Additions are constantly being made to the equipment, already excellent in
many directions. A liquid air plant, costing about $1,500, has just been installed.
SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY.
Professor Mallet.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination. In this School the following courses
are offered:
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1: General Chemistry.—This course consists of three lectures
a week throughout the Session. The fundamental ideas of chemical
science, the relations of Chemistry to Physics with the main facts on
which the modern so-called Physical Chemistry rests, the laws expressing
the facts of chemical combination by weight and by volume, the atomic
theory as at present developed in connection with Chemistry, the chemical
nomenclature and symbols now in use, the foundations of our knowledge
of chemical structure, and a general survey of the Descriptive Chemistry
of the elements, and their compounds, inorganic and organic, are brought
forward in order, with incidental allusion to the applications in the arts
and manufactures of the facts mentioned.
Text-Books.—Syllabus of the Professor's Lectures; Richter's Inorganic Chemistry,
translated by E. F. Smilh, and Bernthsen's Organic Chemistry, translated by G.
McGowan. Recommended for reference: Roscoe and Schorlemmer's Elements of
Chemistry; Lothar Meyer's Outlines of Theoretical Chemistry (English translation);
Watt's Dictionary of Chemistry; Ernest von Meyer's History of Chemistry.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 2: Industrial Chemistry: Course 1 or equivalent knowledge
prerequisite.—This course, in which also three lectures a week are delivered,
is concerned with the applications of chemistry to the purposes
of human life. It examines in detail the chemical principles and processes
specially concerned in the more important arts and manufactures,
upon which the development of the natural resources of the country in
large measure depends, the opportunity being thus presented of preparation
for such positions as those of the miner and metallurgist, the chemical
manufacturer, the dyer, bleacher, tanner, sugar-refiner, etc.
Text-Books.—F. H. Thorp's Outlines of Industrial Chemistry; Huntington &
McMillan's Metals, their Properties and Treatment. Recommended for reference:
Richardson and Watt's Chemical Technology; T. E. Thorpe's Dictionary
of Applied Chemistry; Girardin's Leçons de Chimie Elémentaire appliquée aux
Arts Industriels; W. E. Roberts-Austen's Introduction to the Study of Metallurgy;
Sadtler's Hand-Book of Industrial Organic Chemistry, etc.
The collections of the University in illustration of the processes and
products of Industrial Chemistry have been procured at much expense
and pains in this country, England, France, and Germany, and are
unusually extensive and good; among the best on this side of the
Atlantic.
In both courses there are one or more reviews each week of the
subjects under discussion, involving questions put by, as well as to,
the students; and exercises in writing are from time to time given
out to afford practice in the calculations which are needed by the
chemist.
For Graduates Only.
For admission to a Ph. D. course in the School of Chemistry or in
the School of Analytical Chemistry, the previous completion of Courses 1
and 2 in both the Schools named will be required; but this part of the
requirement may be waived, provided satisfactory evidence be furnished
that the student has already made equivalent attainments elsewhere.
Graduate work is offered in either course, and either or both may
be taken by the candidate for the Ph. D. degree. Laboratory work
will be required on subjects involving original investigation. It is
desirable that the student shall, himself, as far as possible, select
subjects for investigation, but when he cannot do so, suitable questions
will be presented to him, and he will be encouraged to work
them out for himself, with only such aid and guidance as may prove
to be indispensable. Advanced reading may also be prescribed, especially
in the shape of the literature of particular topics, to be looked
up from various sources and condensed by the student.
No one can join the medical section of the class in General
Chemistry, or stand the corresponding examinations, unless he be a
regular student in the medical department of the University.
The Museum of Industrial Chemistry consists of a large number
of specimens, collected at much expense and pains in this country and
abroad, to illustrate the products and processes of Chemistry applied to
the arts and manufactures, and is so arranged as to be a most valuable
aid to the student of Industrial Chemistry.
SCHOOL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY.
Professor Dunnington.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination. The regular work of this School, constituting
a complete course in Practical Chemistry, is divided into
two courses, as follows:
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1: This course consists of three lessons a week throughout
the session, on each occasion the student sppending three or four hours
in practical experiments in the Laboratory. A course in Chemical manipulation
is first given, then Blowpipe Analysis, Fire Assaying of Ores of
Lead, Gold, and Silver, and a systematic course in inorganic Qualitative
Analysis, followed by practice in analysis of salts, alloys, and ores, determination
of minerals and the examination of potable water, coal, clay,
and so on, together with some simpler quantitative determinations. Weekly
writen exercises are required.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 2: The work of the second course is also given in three
lessons a week throughout the session, each being followed by four hours
or more of practical laboratory work. This course is primarily one in
Quantitative Analysis. After some training in manipulation and gravimetric
estimations, the class pursues volumetric estimations and a full
course in Quantitative Analysis of minerals, ores, coal, soil, technical
products, and so on. As the student advances in the course he is encouraged
to undertake original research and assist in its prosecution; and
in determining his fitness for graduation, work of this kind is considered
as having much weight.
The Laboratory is open to students six days in the week, during
all the working hours of the day.
Students may register either for the first course, or for both
courses at the same time; candidates for the M. A. elective are required
to complete both courses. Those who accomplish this are prepared
for work as Analytical Chemists, Assayers, Druggists, or Teachers
of Chemistry.
Among the works recommended to laboratory students are: Fresenius's Qualitative
and Quantitative Analysis, A. I. Cohn; Olsen's Quantitative Chemical Analysis;
Venable's Qualitative Analysis (3d ed.); Greville Williams's Hand-Book of Chemical
Manipulation; Woehler's Examples for Practice in Chemical Analysis; Foye's Hand-Book
of Mineralogy.
A course of lectures in Agricultural Chemistry is given in this
School (see p. 207).
For Graduates Only.
The graduate course is designed for those seeking the degree of Ph. D.,
and also for such students as desire to increase the range of their experience
as analysis, and to cultivate their powers for original investigation.
It is required of those who enter this course that they shall have
previously completed Courses 1 and 2, both in this School and in that
of General Chemistry, or that they shall have previously made equivalent
attainments elsewhere.
Laboratory work will be conducted daily, and suggestions and due
assistance will be given in its prosecution.
While the work is adapted to the special aims or tastes of each
student, it will in all cases comprise some practice in the more elaborate
processes of analysis, ultimate and proximate organic analysis, some
study in analytical methods and some original problems, also the reading
who are seeking the degree of Ph. D., a dissertation embodying the results
of some original research.
The Chemical Laboratory is a building planned and erected for the
purpose. It is warmed throughout by hot water, completely fitted with
the most approved appliances, and stocked with apparatus, models, materials,
and specimens. The commodious lecture-room, with work and
store-room attached, is provided with every convenience for exhibiting
a complete series of experiments illustrating the lectures on General
Chemistry. The Laboratory will accommodate forty working students,
and is furnished with work-tables, gas, water, and all proper laboratory
fixtures; smaller rooms are devoted to weighing, evaporations, assaying,
etc., and all requisite apparatus, chemicals, minerals, materials for analysis,
etc., are kept constantly supplied by home purchases and importation.
CORCORAN SCHOOL OF NATURAL HISTORY
AND GEOLOGY.
Professor Fontaine.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination. In this School two subjects are taught, Geology
and Descriptive Mineralogy. There are two courses, as follows:
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1.—Three lectures a week will be given throughout the session.
The design of the course is to enable the student to obtain such a
knowledge of the science of Geology as should be possessed by a welleducated
man. As full an exposition of the fundamental principles will
be given as the time will allow.
Text-Books.—Le Conte's Elements of Geology, and Notes of the Professor's
lectures.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 2: Course 1 prerequisite.—This course consists of two divisions,
one in Mineralogy, the other in Geology.
Mineralogy.—The course in Mineralogy closes in February.
Three lectures a week are given in it. In this course attention is
paid to crystallography, and especially to the physical properties of
minerals. In Descriptive Mineralogy the relations, geological occurrence,
and history of the individual species are made prominent.
Text-Books.—Dana's Manual of Mineralogy and Petrology. The instruction
will be in part by lectures.
Geology.—This division of the course begins after the completion
of Mineralogy in February. The more general and complicated
problems in all the branches of Geology will be dealt with in this
course. As thorough a treatment as possible will be given of Stratigraphy,
Lithology, and Paleontology. More stress will be laid on the
methods of field-work and the application of geological principles.
The aim will be to give such a knowledge of the subject as may be
useful to the student in bread-winning pursuits, or may serve as a
basis for the more specialized course required for the attainment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
Text-Books.—Chamberlin and Salisbury's Geology. For reference: Geikie's Text-Book
of Geology. The instruction will be in part by lectures.
For Graduates Only.
The advanced course in this School is intended to give the student
as large a stock of useful information as possible, to teach him methods
of investigation, and to train him in habits of observation. Original research
will be insisted on, and opportunity will be given for the student
to concentrate his efforts in some line of special study.
Topics for study will be taken from both of the subjects taught
in this School. The abundant material in the Lewis Brooks Museum,
mentioned below, gives unusual facilities for the pursuit of graduate
work.
Descriptive Mineralogy.—The course of Mineralogy is so selected
as to give the student a good knowledge of as wide a range of the
principles as possible, and at the same time to cause him to acquire a
practical knowledge of the various mineral species. In the practical study,
the more common minerals, and those of more importance from an
economic and geologic point of view, will have preference. A practical
knowledge of the crystal forms and of the characteristic groupings and
massive forms of minerals, will be required. Special attention will be
paid to the relations of minerals, their association in nature, and their
geological occurrence. The student will be trained to determine minerals,
as far as possible, by their obvious characteristics, without the help of
tests, and practical examinations will be held, from time to time, to test
his skill. One or more theses will be required.
Dana's Text-Book of Mineralogy, and Weisbach's Mineral Tables will be used,
and topics from various authors will be assigned for study in special cases.
Geology.—In Geology the aim will be to fit the student for independent
and original research. He will study as thoroughly as possible
the broader problems of the science, involving the knowledge of stratigraphical
principles. Special atention will be given to imparting a practical
of the different eras, with the view of using them in determining unknown
formations. Stress will be laid upon field work, and the methods
of determining and describing the geology of new regions. To impart
such knowledge, the student will be required to work up some particular
region or formation, and report his results. Topics involving a knowledge
of the literature and growth of opinion in relation to particular questions,
may be assigned to form the subject of theses.
Dana's Manual of Geology and Geikie's Text-Book of Geology will be used as
text-books, and selected books of other authors will be used when necessary.
The Lewis Brooks Museum contains collections illustrating the main
subdivisions of Natural History. Each of the collections is arranged so
as to exemplify the principles of the science, and at the same time offers a
large variety of subjects for advanced study. In Geology the specimens
show all the different kinds of rocks, classified according to mineral
character and the formation in which they occur; the collection of
fossils, plaster casts, maps, etc., is exceptionally fine, and fully illustrates
Historical Geology. In Mineralogy the principles of the science are
made plain by well-chosen suits of specimens, models of crystals, etc.
The general collection of minerals contains all the important minerals,
and many of the rarer ones, in good specimens. Zoology is well illustrated
by a fine and large collection of mounted skeletons, stuffed animals,
dried specimens, plaster casts, etc. In Botany the collections contain
charts, papier-maché models of flowers and fruits, sections of wood, etc.:
the bulk of the collection is in the form of an herbarium, selected from
the most important and interesting botanical regions of the world. In
addition to the above, a beginning has been made of a collection to
illustrate the geology and mineralogy of the State of Virginia, and
this will be increased as rapidly as possible.
These large and carefully selected collections of geological and
mineralogical objects afford unsurpassed facilities for the full illustration
of the principles taught. As free access to these collections is
allowed the student, he can find in their study an opportunity, rarely
obtained, for gaining a practical acquaintance with natural objects
acquired from various parts of the world, and chosen for their typical
character. These collections are especially useful to students pursuing
advanced work in Geology and Mineralogy.
MILLER SCHOOL OF BIOLOGY.
Professor Tuttle.
Mr. Kepner.
Required for Admission to the Work of the School: The General
Entrance Examination.
The work of this school is designed to meet the wants of students
who desire such knowledge of the principles of Biology and of the
methods of biological research as should properly form part of a
liberal education, or who desire such training as will fit them for
independent work as students or as teachers in that department of
knowledge; and of those who seek such acquaintance with the facts
and laws of Biology as will prepare them for an intelligent study of
the relations of the biological sciences to the art of Agriculture as
described in another portion of this catalogue (p. 205).
Each student who enters upon the work of either of the courses
described below is required to provide himself with a section razor,
a good pocket magnifier, a small case of dissecting instruments, and
a note book of approved pattern. All other necessary apparatus,
reagents, etc., are furnished by the laboratory. There is a laboratory
fee for materials consumed in connection with the work of all but
the first three courses.
Primarily for Undergraduates.
Course 1: General Biology.—In view of the fact that no elementray
instruction in either of the biological sciences is now given in
the majority of the schools tributary to the University, and that by far
the greater number of its students have therefore had no preliminary
training in the methods of experiment and observation necessary for their
pursuit, provision is for the present made for an introductory course in
Biology. This is intended primarily to make the student familiar with
the laboratory method of study, and at the same time to impart to him
some direct knowledge of the most readily discernible facts of structure
and laws of functions concerning a series of representative plants and
animals. In it he is taught to observe, to record the results of his observations,
and to make deductions therefrom; is made famaliar with the
microscope and with the simpler and more frequently used processes of
biological technique. A brief survey is made of both the vegetable and
the animal kingdom, preparing the student for the systematic study of
either of the great divisions of the organic world.
Course 2: Botany: Course 1 prerequisite.—The course in Structural
and Systematic Botany is largely given to the study of the anatomy
and histology of representatives of the principal divisions of the Vegetable
Kingdom, beginning with the lowest and passing to the highest
plants; as far as possible, representative life-histories are also studied and
discussed. The concluding portion of the course is devoted to the specific
study of the classification and distribution of the higher plants, and of the
local flora.
Course 3: Zoology: Course 1 prerequisite.—In this course a study
is made of a series of forms representative of the principal divisions of
the animal kingdom. The practical work of the laboratory is supplemented
by lectures upon the organization and life-history of the forms
examined, and that of allied forms, and upon their relations as indicated
thereby. The course is devoted chiefly but not wholly to the study of
the invertebrates, and one or more of the leading groups will be discussed
and studied somewhat in detail in such a manner as to illustrate the
principles and the meaning of zoological classification as based upon
structure and development.
Courses 2 and 3 are not both given the same year at present.
For Undergraduates and Graduates.
Course 4: Histology and Cytology: Course 1 prerequisite.—The
course comprises a comparative study of the elements of structure in the
lower and the higher animals, and of their embryological development,
in such manner as to elucidate the evolution of the tissues and tissue
elements; together with a study of the phenomena of cell organization
and cell life in both plants and animals. It includes practice in the more
advanced methods of technique, and a critical discussion of the microscope
and its intelligent use, as means of attaining the end in view.
Course 5: Plant Morphology: Courses 1 and 2 prerequisite.—An
advanced course based on Course 2, the completion of which, or its
equivalent, is necessary as a preliminary. In it the student is required
to make special study of at least one group of Algae and one of Fungi;
of one division of the Archegoniata, and of one family of Seed Plants
Careful examination will be made in each case of the structure and lifehistory
of as many species of the group as possible. Assignment of work
among the members of the class will be so made as to avoid as far
as possible the duplication of work by students of the same class,
each member working altogether independently.
Course 6: Invertebrate Morphology: Courses 1 and 3 prerequisite.—In
this course the student will be required to make detailed
and critical study of at least one class of the Protozoa; of one order of
the Coelentera; and of the anatomy, histology, and as far as possible
the embryology of representative members of one phylum of the
Coelomatous Metazoa. As in the preceding course, work will be
assigned independently to the different members of the class.
Courses 4 and 5 are not both given the same year at present.
For Graduates Only.
Course 7: Vertebrate Morphology: Courses 1, 3 and 4 prerequisite.
—The work of the course begins with a study of Vertebrate Embryology:
development of one or more systems of organs as existing in the vertebrates
and in those forms which may be regarded as phylogenetically related
to the vertebrate stock. The library of the department contains a
large amount of standard and periodical literature bearing on the subject
matter of this course, and the reading of the student will be directed as
far as possible in accordance with his individual needs.
The more advanced work in Biology will be devoted chiefly to
Vertebrate Histology and Morphology, each of the systems of organs
being in turn critically studied; it will in substance be an extension
of the work of Course 6. Such lectures will be given and such reading
assigned as may be deemed advisable, but the larger part of the
work will be done in the laboratory of the University and at such
seaside or other laboratories elsewhere as may be designated, the
principal object of the course being to train the student in methods
of original investigation while he is becoming acquainted with the
present state of our knowledge of the vertebrates and their allies.
DEPARTMENT OF LAW.
EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D. C. L., LL. D., President.
WILLIAM MINOR LILE, LL. D., Dean.
CHARLES ALFRED GRAVES, M. A., LL. D.,
Professor of the Law of Contracts, Torts, and Civil Procedure.
WILLIAM MINOR LILE, LL. D.,
Professor of the Law of Persons, Mercantile Law, Corporations,
and Equity.
RALEIGH COLSTON MINOR, M. A., B. L.,
Professor of the Law of Real Property, and Public Law.
Among the original schools contemplated in Mr. Jefferson's plan for
the organization of the University of Virginia, was "Law: Municipal and
Foreign; Embracing the General Principles, Theory, and Practice of
Jurisprudence, together with the Theory and Principles of Constitutional
Government." Accordingly the School of Law was established in 1826, and
has been in continuous operation since, even during the four years of
the civil war. The aim of the Department of Law has always been to
maintain a high standard as a requirement for graduation—the degree
being conferred only upon such students as are thorough masters of
the prescribed course of study. This policy has been rigorously enforced,
and its wisdom has been vindicated by the high positions to
which the graduates of the law school are accustomed to attain at the
bar or in public life. The course of instruction has been extended
from time to time to conform to changing conditions and to meet
the increasing needs of the profession. It is confidently believed that
the enlarged course now offered will enable those who complete it
more surely to maintain that rank at the bar which the University
has always expected of her sons.
Formerly it was possible for the law student to begin and complete
his professional studies in the office of some friendly member
of the bar—Blackstone's Commentaries and the Code of his State
forming the main portion of his curriculum. Then the authorities
were few, the leading principles alone were settled, and their application
was comparatively simple. In more recent times, so widened
is the scope of the law, so complex its principles, so nice and yet so
that it is scarcely practicable for even the most diligent student to
master the subject, in its multiform phases, without the systematic
instruction of skilled teachers. Furthermore, the increased and increasing
scope and rigor of the examinations for admission to the
bar in the several States, call for a more extensive course of study
than was afforded in former days by the law school, and a wider and
more intimate knowledge of legal principles than can generally be
acquired by private study.
These considerations have led to a general conviction among the
leaders of professional thought throughout the country that no
student should essay the practice of the law who has not spent at least
two years in close and attentive study in a law school. Indeed, the
tendency is toward requiring even a longer period of study, as essential
either to graduation or to admission to the bar.
Required for Entrance upon the Work of the Department.—The
General Entrance Examination, or admission to the University by
certificate or diploma, as stated in a preceding portion of this catalogue,
pp. 76-85. For exemption from this rule in the case of Special
Students not candidates for degrees in Law, see p. 170.
Course of Study.—The course is planned with a view to acquaint
the student familiarly and practically with the principles of his profession.
Care is taken to teach him to think for himself, and to rely
upon reason and principle, rather than upon memory; it being considered
better that the student follow principle to its legitimate
conclusion, though this be at variance with the decisions of the
courts, than that he should arrive at a faultless result by the exercise
of memory or by accident.
The instruction is as thorough as possible, and is given partly
through text-books and partly through lectures (on some subjects
with the addition of illustrative cases), with careful daily examinations
upon both. The daily quiz has long been a marked and, as experience
has proved, a most valuable feature of the system of instruction.
As cross-examination exposes error and develops truth, so the daily
quiz enables the instructor to discover and rectify misconceptions of
legal principles on the part of the student.
The course occupies two years, and it is not permissible to apply
for graduation in less time. Indeed, since future professional success
depends upon complete mastery of elementary principles, it is not advisable
for the student to devote less time to preparation for practice,
even though he be not a candidate for graduation. It is a maxim
sanctioned by long and wide experience that "he who is not a good
lawyer when he comes to the bar, will seldom be a good one afterwards."
of the law, thought as well as reading is requisite; and, for the
purpose of thought, there must be time to digest as well as industry
to acquire. One cannot gorge himself with legal principles and digest
them afterwards; the process of assimilation, if it is to proceed
healthfully and beneficially, must accompany the reception of knowledge.
Arrangement of Classes.—The course of instruction in the Department
of Law comprises twelve separate classes. Six of these
classes constitute the first year's studies, and six the studies of the
second year.
In the work of each year, there are nine lectures a week. The
lectures occupy an hour and a half each, so that each year's course
demands thirteen and a-half hours of class-work each week, besides
the work of the Moot and Practice courts.
The following table exhibits an outline of the course:
| [3]
First Year. |
1. The Law of Persons; Personal Property (including Sales); Wills of Personalty, and Administration. |
| 2. The Law of Contracts. | |
| 3. The Law of Crimes and Criminal Procedure. | |
| 4. Mercantile Law: Negotiable Paper; Partnership; Insurance. | |
| 5. Torts, Bailments, and Carriers. | |
| 6. Theory of Government; Constitutional Law; International Law. |
|
| Second Year. |
7. Equity Jurisprudence and Procedure; Bankruptcy. |
| 8. Pleading and Practice in Civil Cases. | |
| 9. The Law of Real Property. | |
| 10. The Law of Corporations. | |
| 11. The Law of Evidence. | |
| 12. Conflict of Laws. |
FIRST YEAR COURSE.
1. Law of Persons; Personal Property; Wills and Administration.
Professor Lile.
The preliminary lectures in this class are devoted to the nature,
sources and evidences of the law; the absolute and relative rights of
persons, and their constitutional guaranties; citizenship and naturalization;
and subordinate magistrates. This is followed by a thorough drill in the
subjects of principal and agent; husband and wife, including their common
law property rights, with the modern statutory modifications; parent
and child; and guardian and ward. Later, the study of the law of personal
property (including the law of sales) is pursued in its various
phases, followed by that of wills of personalty and administration. Under
the latter classification are included the execution of wills; the qualification
of personal representatives and the settlement of their accounts;
the law of legacies and of distribution; and the complete administration
of estates.—September 17 to March 1—Three times a week.
Text-Books.—Long's Domestic Relations; 3 Minor's Institutes; R. M. Benjamin's
Principles of Sales (2d ed.); The Professor's Printed Notes—(Others to be
announced).
2. The Law of Contracts.
Professor Graves.
In this class, coming appropriately at the beginning of the Junior
year, an effort is made to give a thorough, though elementary, course in
the fundamentals of contract law — the formation, operation, and discharge
of contracts — with a full discussion of the doctrine of consideration,
the requirements of the Statute of Frauds, and the consequences
of the various kinds of illegality, whether at common law or by statute.
The important subject of Quasi-Contract also receives adequate attention.
The text-book on Contracts (Clark, following the analysis of Anson) is
accompanied by a volume of Illustrative Cases, and is supplemented by the
Professor's Printed Notes, explaining obscurities in the text, and calling
attention to the recent cases in Virginia and elsewhere.—September 17
to December 22—Three times a week.
Text-Books.—Clark on Contracts, 2d ed.; Hopkins's Cases on Contracts; The
Professor's Printed Notes.
3. The Law of Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
Professor Minor.
In the study of this subject the student is made familiar with the
general principles enforced by the courts in the administration of
the more important crimes, both common law and statutory. Attention
is given rather to the acquisition of a thorough knowledge of
the leading principles than to the less important details, which, with
a knowledge of the former, may readily be acquired. The course
of instruction further embraces a study of the forms of procedure,
the nature, organization and duties of the courts, and of grand and
petit juries; arrests and bail; indictments, presentments, informations,
and the various defenses, by way of demurrer, plea, or otherwise; together
with the ordinary incidents of a criminal trial, such as challenges
of jurors, motions for a new trial, bills of exceptions, motions
in arrest of judgment, and writs of error.—September 17 to January 19—
Three times a week.
Text-Books.—Clark's Criminal Law; Beale's Criminal Pleading and Practice;
The Professor's Notes.
4. Mercantile Law.
Professor Lile.
Under this head are grouped the subjects of Negotiable Instruments,
Insurance, and Partnership. The instruction is made as practical
as possible, by frequent use of the various mercantile instruments,
as exhibits, in the course of the lectures. In the study of the
law of negotiable paper, constant reference is made to the Negotiable
Instruments Law, recently enacted in many States, including Virginia,
and likely to be adopted throughout the country. In addition
to the study of the general principles of the law of insurance, attention
is devoted to particular clauses most usual in life, marine, and
accident policies, and the New York Standard fire policy is studied,
clause by clause, in the light of judicial construction.—March 1 to end
of session — Three times a week.
Text-Books.—Bigelow on Bills, Notes, and Cheques (Student's Series—2d
ed.); Vance on Insurance; Mechem on Partnership; The Negotiable Instruments
Law; The Professor's Notes.
5. Torts, Bailments, and Carriers.
Professor Graves.
The instruction in these subjects continues, with recitations three
times a week, from the beginning of January until the end of the
session.
The Law of Torts (or Non-Contract Law) is first taken up, and
is studied in the order of Professor Bigelow's analysis, viz: (1) Breach
Duty; and (3) Breach of Duty to Refrain from Negligence. In connection
with the text-book, a volume of cases is used, which serve
to illustrate and impress the abstract principles by concrete examples.
On the completion of Torts, the subject of Bailments is entered
upon, and after an outline of the doctrines concerning the several
kinds of Bailees (including Innkeepers), the Law of Carriers (of
goods and of passengers) is begun, and is considered with the fulness
and thoroughness due to this important topic. No case-book is used,
as the text and notes of Hutchinson's excellent work on Carriers furnish
abundant illustrations.—From January 3 to end of session — Three
times a week.
Text-Books.—Bigelow on Torts (7th ed.); Chase's Cases on Torts (2d ed.);
Hutchinson on Carriers (2d ed.); The Professor's Notes.
6. Theory of Government; Constitutional Law; International Law.
Professor Minor.
The first lectures of this course are devoted to the Theory and
Practice of Government. It is traced from its generally accepted
origin — the family — through its various stages to the modern forms,
and effort is made by reasoning and comparison to point out the
benefits of good government, the dangers of the bad.
This is followed by Constitutional Law, in the study of which
close attention is given to the judicial interpretation of the Federal
Constitution, and to the great constitutional principles prevailing
throughout the Union. As occasion demands, attention is called to
the policy of various acts of legislation, and the student is warned
against such as tend to exceed the limits of safe and constitutional
restrictions. The checks and balances of the constitution are pointed
out, and by comparing it with other constitutions, notably that of
England, its weak as well as strong points are developed. Especial
attention is given to such important subjects as ex post facto laws,
laws impairing the obligation of contracts, due process of law, trial
by jury, the power of taxation and of eminent domain, the police
power, interstate commerce, etc.
In the lectures upon Public International Law are considered the
various rules which regulate the intercourse of one nation with another—such
as the principles governing the origin, recognition, and
equality of States; their rights in time of peace, and the means
whereby they peaceably procure the enjoyment of those rights; the
laws of war, and the rights and duties of belligerents, and the rules
to May 8 — Three times a week.
Text-Books.—McClain's Constitutional Law in the United States; Davis's International
Law (2d ed.); The Professor's Notes.
SECOND YEAR COURSE.
7. Equity Jurisprudence and Procedure; Bankruptcy.
Professor Lile.
After consideration of the origin and rise of the chancery jurisdiction,
the student is led carefully through the usual subjects of
equitable cognizance, and thence into the methods of procedure, as
recognized in the High Court of Chancery in England, and as modified
by statute or by rules of court in America. The contrast between
legal and equitable principles and procedure is constantly
adverted to, and the student is incited to the appreciation and cultivation
of the fine sense of moral right underlying the doctrines of
technical equity. The procedure in the Federal courts of chancery
and in the chancery courts of Virginia (where the distinction between
legal and equitable procedure is still maintained) is made the basis of
instruction. Practical work is required in draughting the various
forms and pleadings, from the subpœna to the final decree.
In the law of Bankruptcy, sufficient instruction is given to afford
to the student a fair working knowledge of general principles, and
effort is made to secure as great familiarity as possible with the
specific provisions of the National Bankruptcy Act of 1898, and the
prescribed rules of procedure thereunder.—September 17 to February 1.
Three times a week.
Text-Books.—Merwin's Equity; Text-books on Equity Practice and Bankruptcy
(to be announced); The Professor's Notes.
Pleading and Practice.
Professor Graves.
In this class the subjects are Pleading and Practice at common
law, and under the Virginia Statutes; Code Pleading; and Federal
Jurisdiction and Procedure. These are all confined to civil cases at
law; criminal procedure and equity jurisdiction and procedure being
taught elsewhere in the course.
An outline of the instruction in this class may be given as follows:
(1) The principles and rules of pleading, at common law and
rules and principles being insisted upon as essential to a proper
knowledge of pleading under any system.
(2) The organization and jurisdiction of the Virginia courts, and
the proceedings in a law suit from beginning to end, including appellate
proceedings; and the law of attachments, executions, homestead
exemptions, etc.
(3) The organization and jurisdiction of the Federal courts, removal
of causes from State to Federal courts; the conformity or nonconformity
of the procedure at law in the Federal courts with that
in the courts of the State wherein they are held; and appellate proceedings
in the Federal courts.—September 17 to March 9—Three times
a week.
Text-Books.—Andrews's Stephen on Pleading; Hughes's Jurisdiction and Procedure
of the United States Courts; Phillips's Code Pleading; The Professor's Printed
Notes on Pleading, and Printed Questions; Burks's Printed Notes on Pleading, and
Printed Questions.
9. The Law of Real Property.
Professor Minor.
The instruction in this class covers a detailed and careful study
of the subject of Real Property Law, in all its branches. The nature
and several kinds of real estate, and the various interests therein, with
the principles appertaining to each, curtesy and dower, the relations
of landlord and tenant, co-tenancies, the feudal tenures and principles,
uses and trusts, the far-reaching effects of the Statute of Uses, the
conditions, covenants, and other qualifications attached to conveyances
of land, are reviewed at length. The historical connection
between ancient and modern doctrines of conveyancing, with the
statutory changes, are carefully traced. Remainders, reversions, and
executory limitations, and the principles governing their creation,
validity, and effect, together with the sources of title to lands, whether
by descent or by the manifold forms of purchase, and the principles
controlling each, the subjects of conveyances, contracts to convey,
wills of lands, adverse possession, the registry of instruments of title,
and the principles regulating the acquisition and validity of tax-titles,
are investigated in detail.
Throughout this course, emphasis is placed on common law principles,
and effort is made to give the student a clear comprehension
of these, by tracing them to their feudal or other sources, and by
following them into the modern forms they have assumed under the
Three times a week.
Text-Books.—Tiffany on Real Property; Minor on Tax Titles; The Professor's
Notes.
10. The Law of Corporations.
Professor Lile.
In view of the modern development of the law of corporations,
both in extent and importance, increasing attention is devoted to this
branch of the curriculum. Among other subjects of lesser import, the
lectures embrace the promotion, organization, and management of
business corporations; the formation and enforcement of subscriptions
for shares; corporate duties, powers, and liabilities; the relations between
the corporation and the State, between the corporate body and
its shareholders, officers, agents, and creditors, and the reciprocal relations
of these with one another; the consolidation, dissolution, and
winding up of corporations; and the appointment, duties, and powers
of receivers. The principles applicable to municipal corporations,
whether in their public or their proprietary characters, are fully
elucidated; the subjects of municipal taxation, municipal bonds, franchises,
rights and liabilities in connection with streets, as affecting the
municipality, the public generally, and the abutting proprietors, are
dealt with in detail.—February 1 to end of session — Three times a week.
Text-Books.—Taylor on Corporations (5th ed.); Clephane on Business Corporations
— their Organization and Management; The Professor's Printed Notes on
Private Corporations; The Professor's Printed Notes on Municipal Corporations.
11. Law of Evidence.
Professor Graves.
The principles of this difficult subject are sought to be elucidated
by the aid of the latest and most philosophical expositions of evidence,
notably those of the late Professor James B. Thayer, of Harvard
University, to whose recent work, "A Preliminary Treatise on Evidence
at the Common Law," constant reference is made. The textbook
used — Volume I of Greenleaf — is edited by Professor Wigmore,
and in it have been incorporated the results of the historical
research and scientific analysis of Professor Thayer and others.
But while great attention is paid to the rationale of the law of evidence,
as indispensable to a mastery of its principles, the practical
character of the rules of evidence is not overlooked, and an earnest
to give the student such a working knowledge of the subject as will
enable him to apply its principles in the course of judicial investigations.—From
March 10 to end of session—Three times a week.
Text-Books.—Greenleaf on Evidence (16th ed., by Wigmore); The Professor's
Printed Questions.
12. The Conflict of Laws.
Professor Minor.
As the facilities of commerce and intercourse between the various
States and countries of the world increase, this subject becomes of
graver importance, though as yet it has received rather scanty recognition
at the hands of text-writers and law-schools.
The course includes a discussion of the nature and various kinds
of domicil; the law governing status, and the conveyance of personal
property abroad; the validity, construction, and effect of foreign
wills, successions, and administrations; foreign marriages and divorces;
transactions relating to real estate; the execution, interpretation,
and validity of foreign contracts; the law governing the effect
of foreign judgments in rem or in personam; the recovery of damages
for foreign torts; the situs of crimes; the application of the lex fori;
and the modes of pleading and proving foreign laws.—March 26 to
end of session — Three times a week.
Text-Book.—Minor on Conflict of Laws.
MOOT COURT.
A Moot Court is organized from the students in the First Year's
course for the discussion of legal questions. Its meetings begin at
the opening and continue to the end of the session, with such interruptions
only as are incident to the proximity of the examinations.
Attendance is voluntary, as presence during the debates is intended
to be a privilege and not a burden. But every candidate for the degree is
required to argue at least one case in the Moot Court, and to hand in a
carefully prepared brief of his argument, with a digest of the authorities
relied on. The questions are chosen by the Law Faculty, one or
more of whom preside over the discussions. Interest and life are
added to the proceedings by the open debate held after the argument,
the presiding judge acting as interlocutor, and leading into the debate
those whom diffidence prompts to silence.
The following gentlemen served as officers of the Moot Court
during the session of 1905-1906:
| Associate Judges | Alvan H. Foreman, Norfolk, Va. |
| Charles B. Law, Easton, Md. | |
| Clerks | H. Evans Davis Wilson, Norfolk, Va. |
| William K. Jackson, Inverness, Fla. |
PRACTICE COURT.
The Practice Court, which is presided over by one or more members
of the Law Faculty, and designed chiefly for students of the
second year, is organized October 1, two weeks after the beginning
of the session. Its terms are held weekly, throughout the Senior
year. Attendance is obligatory on all candidates for graduation.
The object of the Practice Court is to afford to the student practical
facility in the procedure which he will be called on to apply at
the bar, and to familiarize him with the whole proceedings in actions
at law, suits in equity and in criminal cases.
The Practice Court is also utilized in connection with the course
on Real Property, as a school of conveyancing; the student being
required to prepare contracts, deeds, wills, powers of attorney, etc., to
construe written instruments of all kinds, to examine and pass upon
titles; and, in short, to perform most of the functions of practising
counsel.
PRIZES.
Edward Thompson Company Prize.—This prize, for the best thesis on
a subject assigned by the Law Faculty, in a competition open to all
members of the Law School, was awarded, at the close of the session
of 1904-1905, to Mr. Herman Melvin Roberts, B. A., of Henderson,
Kentucky. This prize is an annual one, donated by the Edward
Thompson Company, of Northport, N. Y., and consists of a full set
of the second edition of the American and English Encyclopedia of
Law (32 volumes), of the estimated value of $240.
The subject for the thesis for 1904-1905 was: Curative Legislation
as affected by the Fourteenth Amendment.
LIBRARY—LEGAL BIBLIOGRAPHY.
The Law Library is accommodated by its own library rooms,
separate from the general University library. The rooms are heated
reference to the convenience of the law students. A librarian is in
attendance during working hours.
The library contains complete sets of the decisions of Arizona, Arkansas,
California, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky,
Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York,
North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, United States Supreme
Court, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. It contains the
National Reporter System, complete; the American Decisions; American
Reports; American State Reports; Law Reports Annotated; a valuable
collection of English Reports; and all the modern search-books, in the
form of general digests (including the Century), and Encyclopedias,
besides a large collection of text-books.
While the student is not encouraged too early to venture for himself
into either cases or text-books, save for the purpose of verifying
or clearing up some proposition of the lecture, or for the preparation
of opinions or briefs, he is incited to familiarize himself not only
with the leading cases to which his attention is called, but especially
with the bibliography of the law and the use of the books. To the
latter subject, in addition to the instruction incidentally given,
several lectures are specially devoted. The student is taught that
books are the working tools of the lawyer, and that facility in handling
them, in the office and in the court room, is an indispensable professional
acquirement. He is instructed how to consult authorities
and run down cases; to distinguish doctrine from dicta; to analyze,
criticise, and compare cases; to distinguish imperative authority from
that which is persuasive only; to prepare briefs; and, generally, so
to accustom himself to law books and their use as to enable him to
investigate, with intelligence and skill, any question that may come
within the scope of his duty at the bar.
EXAMINATIONS AND DEGREES.
The degree of Bachelor of Laws (LL. B.) is conferred upon such
students as have attended two full sessions (of nine months each: for
provision as to late entrance see page 171) of the law school, and
who manifest an intimate acquaintance with all the subjects embraced
in the course, evidenced by successfully passing all written
examinations, and who have satisfactorily performed the work of
the Moot and Practice courts and other assigned work.
Any one of the classes of the first or second year may be completed
separately. Upon the satisfactory completion of any class, a
certificate is issued to the student, followed by the diploma of graduation
when (and not until) all the examinations have been successfully
passed.
Candidates for the degree, who in any session have less than
one full year's course to complete, may be required to take such
additional work, and to stand such additional examinations as shall
be prescribed.
Fall Examinations.—The privilege of standing Fall examinations
is granted to candidates for graduation who have fallen slightly below
the required standard and who have not more than two classes to
complete.
The Fall examinations for the session of 1906-1907 will begin
September 18th, 1906, and will continue from day to day until completed,
in the following order: (1) Equity Jurisprudence and Procedure;
(2) Pleading and Practice; (3) Conflict of Laws; (4) Corporations;
(5) Evidence; (6) Real Property.
Admission to Advanced Standing.—No credit is given for attendance
at another law school, nor for time spent in private reading. The
candidate for graduation must spend both the Junior and Senior year
in residence here.
Preliminary Education.—Students, and their parents and guardians,
are warned that the Law is peculiarly an intellectual profession,
and demands for its successful prosecution, whether at the Law
School or in the broader fields of professional life, a well-trained
mind. If it be true that untrained intellects, in rare instances, under
diligent and persistent effort, develop after entrance upon practice,
such exceptional cases but serve to illustrate the rule, that out of a
given number of young men entering upon the study of the Law,
those with sound preliminary training will have incomparably the
advantage, while those without it will be seriously handicapped, and
are likely never to rise above mediocrity in their profession.
The experience of the Law Faculty—nay, of all law teachers—
is, that the standing and progress of law students are, in large measure,
in the ratio of their academic preparation. Young gentlemen
are therefore advised not to begin their legal studies until they have
completed an academic course approximating that ordinarily required
for the degree of Bachelor of Arts.
Special Students.—Students who can attend but a single session
are advised to take special courses, which the arrangement of the
classes readily permits. Over-zealousness, by which an ambitious
student is beguiled into the assumption of more work than he can
thoroughly master in a single year, leads to cramming and inaccuracy,
and often to complete failure. With this admonition, the special
student is free to select his own work. The following course is suggested
First year classes 1, 3, and 4 (see p. —); second year classes, 8,
9, and 11; or, if the student has already had some legal training, numbers
7 and 10 of the second year may be added. The first course suggested
would require 15 hours, and the second 19½ hours, of classwork
a week.
Late Entrance.—The work of the Law School begins promptly
September 17, and continues until the middle of June. Students are
advised that late entrance is a serious hindrance to progress. The
student who enters late must begin his work at the point to which the
work has advanced at the time of his entrance, and credit for a full
year's attendance cannot be given in case of entrance after November
1.
As regards conditions of admission in case of late entrance, reference
is made to the General Entrance Requirements, as stated on a
preceding page.
EXPENSES.
The necessary expenses at the University of a student in the
Department of Law may be estimated at from $320 upwards, according
to the mode of living, for each session. A fuller statement regarding
expenses may be found on preceding pages of this catalogue.
SCHEDULE OF LECTURES AND EXAMINATIONS.
1906-1907.
LAW DEPARTMENT.
(Subject to change as circumstances may require.)
| Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday | |
| 9.30 to 11 |
Prof. Graves. | Prof. Graves. | Prof. Graves. | Prof. Graves. | Prof. Graves. | Prof. Graves. |
| 2d year course. | 1st year course. | 2d year course. | 1st year course. | 2d year course. | 1st year course. | |
| 11 to 12.30 |
Prof. Minor. | Prof. Minor. | Prof. Minor. | Prof. Minor | Prof. Minor. | Prof. Minor. |
| 1st year course. | 2d year course. | 1st year course. | 2d year course. | 1st year course. | 2d year course. | |
| 12.30 to 2 |
Prof. Lile. | Prof. Lile. | Prof. Lile. | Prof. Lile. | Prof. Lile. | Prof. Lile. |
| 2d year course. | 1st year course. | 2d year course. | 1st year course. | 2d year course. | 1st year course. |
* For several months after Christmas, Professor Minor will substitute one lecture to the first year class at three o'clock in the
afternoon in place of one of his morning lectures.
|
|
The first year Law Course may be substituted for certain electives in the College,
by candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts.
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE.
| EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D. C. L., LL. D., | President. |
| RICHARD HENRY WHITEHEAD, M. D., | Dean. |
| JOHN WILLIAM MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., F. R. S., | |
| Professor of Chemistry. | |
| ALBERT HENRY TUTTLE, M. S., | Professor of Histology and Embryology. |
| PAUL BRANDON BARRINGER, M. D., LL. D., | |
| Professor of Physiology and Materia Medica. | |
| AUGUSTUS HARPER BUCKMASTER, M. D., | |
| Professor of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Abdominal Surgery. | |
| JOHN STAIGE DAVIS, M. A., M. D., | |
| Professor of Pathology and Practice of Medicine. | |
| FRANCIS PERRY DUNNINGTON, B. S., C. E., | |
| Professor of Practical Chemistry. | |
| WILLIAM ALEXANDER LAMBETH, M. D., Ph. D., | |
| Professor of Hygiene and Materia Medica. | |
| RICHARD HENRY WHITEHEAD, M. D., | Professor of Anatomy. |
| [4] — — —, | Professor of Surgery. |
| JAMES CARROLL FLIPPIN, M. D., | Adjunct Professor of Bacteriology. |
| WILLIAM MANN RANDOLPH, M. D., | Adjunct Professor of Surgery. |
| EDWARD MAY MAGRUDER, M. D., | Clinical Instructor in Physical Diagnosis. |
| JAMES HAMILTON BROWNING, M. D., | |
| Clinical Instructor in General Surgery. | |
| HALSTEAD SHIPMAN HEDGES, M. A., M. D., | Clinical Instructor in Ophthalmic Surgery. |
| CHARLES SCOTT VENABLE, M. D., | Clinical Instructor in Skin Diseases. |
| WILLIAM DOUGLAS MACON, M. D., | Clinical Instructor in Medicine. |
| FRANCIS HOWISON DUNNINGTON, B. A., | |
| Instructor in Physics. | |
| JOHN BEVERLEY POLLARD, M. D., | Demonstrator of Anatomy. |
| JOHN SEBASTIAN DERR, M. D., | |
| Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy. | |
| GEORGE LESTER KITE, M. D., | Assistant Demonstrator of Histology and Pathology. |
| CLIFTON HOPEWELL HOGAN, M. D., | House Surgeon. |
| RICHARD PHILLIPS BELL, M. D., | Assistant House Surgeon. |
| CHARLES MAGILL FAUNTLEROY, | Chief of Clinic. |
| THOMAS WISTAR WHITE, | Dispensary Pharmacist. |
| WILLIAM WILSON SAMUEL BUTLER, B. A., | |
| Assistant Instructor in Medical Physics. | |
Required for Admission to the Work of the Department (for the
Session of 1906-7):—The General Entrance Examination for admission
to the University, as stated below. Applicants for admission
who present a diploma of graduation or a certificate of good standing
from a recognized institution of learning of Collegiate rank, or acceptable
certificates from an accredited school, are exempted from
standing the General Entrance Examination. All applicants for
admission are urged to avoid delay in entering by corresponding with
Dr. James M. Page, Dean of the University, from whom blank forms
for certificates can be obtained on request.
At the opening of the session of 1907-8, and thereafter, applicants
for admission to the first year of the Course in Medicine are required
to present the diploma of a recognized institution of colegiate rank,
a certificate of good standing in such an institution, the diploma of
a recognized high school having at least a three years' course, or
acceptable certificates which represent work fully equivalent in
amount and character to such a high school course; and in addition
to complete the college courses at this University in Physics, General
Chemistry, and Biology; or to present acceptable college certificates
showing that they have completed elsewhere courses in these subjects
fully equivalent to (though not necessarily identical with) those at
this institution; the validity of such certificates being in each case
decided by the professors here in charge of the classes in these
subjects.
General Entrance Examinations:—Every applicant (with the exceptions
above mentioned) is required to pass a general entrance
examination in
1. English: the standard entrance requirements of the Association
of Colleges and Preparatory Schools of the Southern States, or
equivalents therefor.
2. Mathematics: Arithmetic, with (a) Algebra through Quadratics,
or (b) Algebra to Quadratics and three books of Plane Geometry.
And in two subjects elected by the candidate from the following
list:
|
|
Further information concerning the character of these examinations
may be obtained by addressing the Dean of the University, or
Mr. Howard Winston, Registrar, at the University.
The work of each of the four years of the course in Medicine
continues through the nine months of the University session, beginning
on the thirteenth day of September and closing on the Saturday
immediately preceding the fifteenth day of the following June. The
studies included are arranged as follows:
During the first session: Elementary Biology; Chemistry (with
an Introductory course upon the principles of Chemical Physics);
Practical Physics; Practical Chemistry; Medical Biology (Physiological
Anatomy, Normal Histology and Embryology); and Descriptive
Anatomy.
During the second session: Physiology; Bacteriology; General
Pathology; Special Pathology; Descriptive Anatomy; Regional
Anatomy.
During the third session: Obstetrics; Materia Medica; Practice
of Medicine; Surgery; Clinical Diagnosis, and Dispensary Clinic.
During the fourth session: Practice of Medicine; Therapeutics;
Hygiene; Clinical Surgery; Dermatology; Diseases of the Eye and
Ear; Gynecology and Medical Jurisprudence; Diseases of Children;
Dispensary and Hospital Clinic.
An examination of this system will show that the work of the
first year is given to those sciences which are fundamental to the
year includes the study of those sciences, more distinctively medical,
which are based upon the work of the previous year, while they in
turn underlie the more strictly professional subjects of study; these
latter are begun in the second year, while the third and fourth years
are devoted wholly to them. The larger part of the work of the
first year is accompanied by practical work in the laboratory; the
same is true in great measure of the work of the second year, while
in the third, and especially the fourth year, the time of the student
is devoted largely to practical clinical instruction. The facilities
afforded by the University for such work will be more fully described
in the statements which follow concerning the different subjects included
in the course.
Methods of Instruction.—The instruction is given by systematic
lectures and frequent oral examinations, with associated laboratory
work in Anatomy, Physics, Chemistry, Histology, Bacteriology,
Pathology, and Obstetrics. The oral examinations on the subjects of
the previous lectures are of great value in stimulating the student to
regular and systematic habits of study, and furnishing the professor an
opportunity of discovering and removing difficulties met with by
the student.
Relations of the Student in the Second and Succeeding Years.—
For the purposes of this Department the attainment of a grade
of eighty per cent. upon a subject is regarded as satisfactory, and students
who obtain such grades are excused from further attendance
upon the subjects in question. Students who attain a grade less than
eighty per cent. but as much as seventy per cent. on one or more subjects
are entitled to admission to the Fall Examinations of the following
session as explained in a subsequent paragraph, when deficiencies
may be removed by satisfactory examinations. Those who receive
a grade of less than seventy per cent. on one or more subjects are
regarded as having failed thereon, and are required to take such subject
or subjects over during the succeeding year, without, however,
the payment of any additional fee. Students whose failures extend
to all the subjects of a given year are not permitted to go on to the
work of the succeeding year, but are required to confine themselves
to a repetition of the work of the year upon which they have failed.
Students whose failures extend to three-fourths of the work of a given
year (estimated in hours) are admitted to the succeeding year, but
the amount of work they may take in that year is limited to the
equivalent of that which they have completed in the preceding year.
Provided, however, that students will not be allowed to undertake
the work of the third or fourth year until they have completed that
in each case upon a careful examination of the student's real interest.
A student may not be examined upon the entire course in any
subject more than three times. Failure upon the third trial involves
withdrawal from the Department of Medicine.
Advanced Standing.—Students are admitted to advanced standing
in the second and third years under the following conditions:
1. Satisfaction of the requirements for entrance into this Department.
2. The presentation of a certificate from an accredited school of
medicine showing that the applicant has completed work equivalent
to that maintained by this Department with a grade of at least eighty
per cent. in each subject for which credit is sought. Applicants complying
with these conditions will be admitted to advanced standing
without examination. Applicants who have not completed all of the
work of the year or years preceding that to which they seek admission
are admitted to the Fall Examinations under the conditions stated
in the preceding paragraph. The right is reserved in every case to
obtain satisfactory evidence of the genuineness of a certificate by
correspondence with the proper authority of the school from which
the applicant comes.
No credit can be allowed for time not spent in a regular school
of medicine; except that applicants holding the degree of A. B. or
B. S. from a reputable college or university will be admitted to the
second year, provided their academic course has included the equivalent
of the first-year medical course.
A student who is already a graduate of a reputable school of
medicine may be received as a student in this Department for the
fourth year.
Certificates of Attendance.—Students who attend the whole regular
course of one or more of the four years are entitled to certificates
of attendance.
Requirements for Graduation.—The degree of Doctor of Medicine
is conferred by the University of Virginia upon candidates who have
complied with the entrance requirements of this Department; attended
a regular medical course of four years of at least eight months each,
the last two of which must have been at this institution; and passed
satisfactory, examinations upon all of the subjects included in the
medical course.
Examinations.—These are in writing, accompanied, in some subjects,
by individual practical examinations. Two sets of these are
held each year—one near the close of the session, the other, the Fall
of lectures the succeeding session. To the latter are admitted:
1. Students of the previous session, who from illness or other
equivalent cause approved by the faculty, were unable to present
themselves for examination in any particular subject at the regular
time.
2. Students who at the regular examination of the preceding
year have attained a grade less than eighty per cent. but as much as
seventy per cent. on one or more subjects, as explained in a preceding
paragraph.
3. Certain applicants for advanced standing, as explained in the
paragraph under that heading.
The Fall Examinations for 1906-7 begin September tenth, and
close September fifteenth. Application for admission to them should
be made in writing to Dr. R. H. Whitehead, Dean of the Department
of Medicine, not later than September first.
A General Examination for Graduation is held at the close of
the session on all the different branches on which the candidates for
the degree of Medicine has passed during either that session or some
preceding one. This is intended to test the permanent acquisition
of such general knowledge as every practitioner of medicine should
possess.
Expenses.—The tuition fees are $110 for the first year, $100 for
the second year, $80 for the third year, and $60 for the fourth year.
The annual expenses exclusive of tuition are $40 for the University
fee (which entitles the student to the use of the library, the gymnasium,
to medical attention, etc.), an average of about $200 for living
expenses, and of $20 for books. The special fees for single subjects
are, Medical Chemistry, $30; Histology and Embryology (including
materials), $35; Anatomy (including materials), $45; General Pathology,
$25; Pathogenic Bacteriology and Surgical Diseases, $35; Physiology,
$30; Materia Medica, $20; Therapeutics, $10; Embryology, $10;
Obstetrics (with manikin work), $20; Gynecology, $20; Surgery, $20;
Practice of Medicine, $30; Special Pathology and Clinical Diagnosis,
$10; Dermatology and Diseases of the Eye and Ear, $15; Hygiene, $10;
Medical Jurisprudence, $10; Clinics (collectively), $30.
CHEMISTRY.
Professor Mallet.
Professor Dunnington.
In this course the students are taught Chemical Physics and the
general principles of Chemistry, and are carried through a course of
directed, whenever an occasion presents itself, to the application
of chemical principles to Physiology, the Practice of Medicine,
Therapeutics, Toxicology, and Sanitary Science.
Practical Physics and Chemistry.
A course of laboratory exercises in Practical Physics with
especial relation to the needs of the medical student is given by Mr. F.
H. Dunnington, with the consent of Professor Smith, and a like course
in Practical Chemistry is given by Professor Dunnington. These
form a part of the prescribed general course in Medicine.
HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY.
| Professor Tuttle. | Dr. Kite. |
| Adjunct Professor Flippin. |
Each lecture of the course is accompanied by two hours of
practical work in the laboratory illustrative of the topics discussed.
The laboratory is convenient, well lighted, and amply equipped;
twenty-four desks are provided with microscopes, accessory apparatus,
and all necessary reagents, and the class is divided into working sections
not exceeding that number; desks are assigned by lot at the
opening of the session, and apparatus issued as needed from time
to time. Each student is required to provide himself with a section
razor, a set of dissecting instruments, and with slides, covers, and
labels for miscroscopical preparations; all other appliances are provided
by the laboratory without charge.
The lectures of the course are devoted in part to the allied subjects
of Histology and Histological Anatomy, and in part to Embryology.
In the first part of this division of the course the tissues
and their component elements are carefully examined, both singly
and in their primary aggregations, as are also those organs which
consist largely of one form of tissue. This is followed by a discussion
of the essential structure of the animal cell and of the phenomena
of cell-division. The reproductive elements, the process of fertilization,
and the formation of the blastoderm and its primary layers
are then considered. The remainder of the course is devoted to an
examination of the more complex organs and systems of organs,
their constituent tissues and the relations between them being studied;
and to a description of the embryological development of each system
in connection with the study of its adult structure.
The attainments of the student are tested by both written and
practical examinations; his standing for the year is determined by
an average of the total marks received.
ANATOMY.
| Professor Whitehead. | Dr. Derr. |
| Dr. Pollard. |
The course in Anatomy extends over two years.
1. In the first year a systematic study is made of the bones, muscles,
fasciae, viscera, and the general topography of the body. For
this purpose the class is divided into small sections, to each of which
a cadaver is assigned. On the completion of this study one part for
dissection is assigned to each student.
2. In the second year the student dissects three parts in addition
to the one dissected in the first year, thus obtaining a practical knowledge
of the entire body in detail. At the beginning of this year there
is a rather extensive study of the anatomy of the central nervous
system.
In both years there are occasional lectures, and frequent quizzes
and practical examinations upon various portions of the body. A
written examination is held each year.
Textbooks.
Cunningham or Gray; Cunningham's Manual; The Professor's
Anatomy of the Brain.
PHYSIOLOGY.
Professor Barringer.
The study of Physiology is not begun until the second year, at
which time the student, having completed the courses in Chemistry,
Anatomy, and Histology, is well prepared to appreciate the broader
principles of this subject. The work of the school is designed with
reference to its practical bearings, especially on the subsequent studies
of Pathology and Therapeutics.
While only the usual amount of time is given to the general functions,
to the study of the nervous system an amount of time is allotted
fully commensurate with its importance to the practitioner. In the
later study of the functions of the eye and the ear, an attention to detail
is required which it is believed gives an excellent preparation for subsequent
specialism in this line.
BACTERIOLOGY.
| Adjunct Professor Flippin. | Dr. Kite. |
Bacteriology is taught by lectures accompanied by practical
work in the laboratory. The course embraces a study of the special
relations to disease; and a discussion of the modern theories of immunity.
The pathogenic forms are considered in detail.
The laboratory is well equipped with modern apparatus, and
each student is required to practice the most important process of
bactericultural technique, including the preparation of culture media,
methods of sterilization, and the examination for bacteria of air and
of water. Special attention is given to the practical study of the
principal pathogenic bacteria, and to methods of bacteriological
diagnosis.
PATHOLOGY.
| Professor Davis. | Dr. Kite. |
| Adjunct Professor Flippin. |
The principles of General Pathology are discussed by lectures and
illustrated in the laboratory. The processes of disease are studied
in detail, with the unaided eye and with the microscope upon selected
specimens.
Instruction is given in the method of conducting an Autopsy,
in which the object of preserving for future investigation desirable
parts is kept particularly in view. This involves pathological technique,
in which students receive a thorough drill, and are allowed to
retain their own preparations.
A practical as well as written examination is required of each
student.
Special Pathology is then taken up and illustrated by appropriate
laboratory exercises, in which the lesions of the chief diseases of each
system are carefully studied.
In the third year practical exercises are given in Clinical Diagnosis,
in which examinations of blood, sputum, vomitus, urine, faeces, exudates,
transudates and milk are required.
Fidelity to the Laboratory work is an indispensable condition of
success.
HYGIENE.
Professor Lambeth.
The course begins with an historical sketch of the development
of preventive medicine, including short, biographical sketches of the
pioneers of Hygiene. With this introduction the story of the natural
history of contagious and infectious diseases, modes of propagation
and methods of prevention engage the attention of the student.
of food, water, air, and soil is made an important study. Instruction
is also begun in the proper location and construction of habitations,
hospitals, schoolhouses, etc., with especial reference to the modern
methods of heating, ventilating and draining. Notice is taken of the
special relations involved in military and naval hygiene.
OBSTETRICS.
Professor Buckmaster.
This subject is presented to the student by lectures, with frequent
oral examinations, by a series of manikin demonstrations, by work
with the living subject in the wards of the Hospital, and by attendance
on patients in the out-patient obstetric service connected with the
Dispensary.
The manikin course forms an important part of the work not
only for teaching presentation, position and posture, but also the
mechanism of normal and abnormal labor. A thorough knowledge
of operative procedure may be acquired by this means; for instance,
the application of the forceps, the packing of the puerperal uterus,
the delivery of the arms caught above the after-coming head, version
and many other procedures. Cleansing of the hands forms a part
of the drill. In fact the student is required not only to describe but
to carry out the technique of the lying-in chamber. The class is
divided into sections of five each, and a knowledge of the manikin
work will form a part of the examination for graduation in this
department.
After a section has finished the manikin course, it is taken into
the wards of the Hospital where the methods of examination, particularly
abdominal palpation, are practised on the living subject.
Each section is required to fill up a carefully prepared form so that
all the details of the case of the patient before labor is made familiar
to the student.
The number of out-patient cases is increasing year by year and
is becoming an important part of the teaching. The clinical assistant
in obstetrics is prepared at any time to accompany a student to the
home of a patient, and is provided with the necessary armamentarium
for conducting a case. The large negro population in the
neighborhood of Charlottesville affords a class of patients which
presents all the difficulties to clean work that are offered by ignorance
and poverty. No better practice can be had for one who is trying
to educate an "aseptic center." If asepsis can be secured in a hovel
manage cases by himself and at the same time avoids falling into the
slovenly habits he is sure to form without proper guidance.
SURGERY.
Professor ——[5]
Adjunct Professor Randolph.
In Operative Surgery the first aim is to ground the student
thoroughly in the principles and technique of modern aseptic surgical
procedure. All amputations and ligations, the application of splints,
bandages and apparatus for different fractures, are shown upon the
cadaver. To insure a practical knowledge of the subject, each student
will be required to perform the operations upon the cadaver as a
part of his examination for graduation.
Radiography.—A brief course of lectures accompanied with ample
laboratory work is given to the students of the fourth year, with the
purpose of making clear the principles of X-ray phenomena and of
giving to each student such practical experience with the necessary
apparatus as will enable him to make a professional use thereof with
skill and safety. This course is given in the Rouss Physical Laboratory,
which is unusually well equipped for this work.
MATERIA MEDICA.
Professor Lambeth.
In Materia Medica particular stress is laid upon the physiological
action of drugs as furnishing the only basis for a rational system of
therapeutics. The Department is provided with a good collection
of drugs, both crude and prepared, with which the students are made
familiar as dealt with in the lectures. Exercises in prescriptionwriting
are given weekly for several months, these exercises being
required both in the ordinary English or apothecary system and the
French or metric system.
PRACTICE OF MEDICINE.
| Professor Davis. | Dr. Macon. |
| Dr. Magruder. |
The Theory and Practice of Medicine is taught in a systematic
course of lectures, which are supplemented by clinical teaching at
the Dispensary and Hospital.
The students of the graduating class are taken daily in sections
through the wards of the Hospital and individually instructed on the
cases present. At the Dispensary case-histories are taken and management
indicated by the students of the third and fourth years,
whose methods and results are then criticised by the teacher.
THERAPEUTICS.
Professor Barringer.
The subject of Therapeutics is taken up among the studies of the
fourth year. The range of the work embraces both general and
special therapeutics, whether rational or empirical, but a constant
effort will be made throughout to trace those general underlying
principles, the existence of which alone enables this subject to be called
a science. The method pursued will be that of taking up in order
the perversions of the various organs and functions rather than the
specific forms of disease.
DISEASES OF THE EYE AND EAR.
Professor Barringer.
The study of the Diseases of the Eye and Ear is here solely from
the standpoint of the general practitioner. No attempt is made to
prepare a "specialist" and no instruction is given in refraction. In
the belief, however, that a good practitioner should have a reasonable
knowledge of any disease he is likely to meet, a two months' course
on the above subjects is given. The elementary use of the ophthalmoscope
as an instrument of diagnosis, as well as the use of the head
mirror, etc., is practically taught.
GYNECOLOGY AND ABDOMINAL SURGERY.
Professor Buckmaster.
In Gynecology instruction is given by lectures and recitations,
and the plastic operations necessary to repair injuries of the pelvic
structures are shown during the course. Practical training in the
details of gynecological treatment is given at the Dispensary.
Abdominal Surgery.—The principles of abdominal surgery will
be stated in a course of twenty lectures. Each member of the class
will have an opportunity of acting as an assistant at two or more
laparotomies, so that all may acquire a practical knowledge of the
technique of abdominal section.
DISEASES OF CHILDREN.
Professor Buckmaster.
This course of lectures is intended to point out in a brief way
how disease is modified by childhood and to indicate how the difficulties
of diagnosis and treatment due to an early age may be best encountered.
The student is taught how to prepare food for infants.
Practical details of the subject will be taught as far as possible by
work in the wards of the hospital.
MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE.
Professor Buckmaster.
In this course the student is instructed in the principles of the
science, and taught how to apply these principles when he is summoned
as a witness in a court of law.
CLINICAL INSTRUCTION.
| Dr. Buckmaster. | Dr. Davis. |
| Dr. Magruder. | Dr. Browning. |
| Dr. Randolph. | Dr. Venable. |
| Dr. Hedges. | Dr. Macon. |
| Dr. Hogan. | Dr. Bell. |
DISPENSARY.
The opportunities for clinical instruction at the University are
very good. The Dispensary has been remodeled and refitted along
modern lines during the past year so that the material is utilized for
purposes of instruction to a much greater extent than is usually done
in clinical teaching. The amphitheatre is so arranged that no student
is over fifteen feet from the clinical chair, and each can thus understand
and appreciate all that is shown him. Sections of the graduating
class assemble in turn before the hour for the clinic and examine
the cases, on which they report and are questioned by the instructor.
A record is kept of their proficiency in this respect; to which special
importance is attached when estimating their fitness for graduation.
About fifteen hundred cases are treated each year. There is a daily
clinic at the Dispensary, in each case occupying the entire afternoon,
distributed through the week as follows:
| Monday, | Dr. Davis, Dr. Macon, | Medical. |
| Tuesday, | Dr. Venable, | Dermatologic. |
| Wednesday, | Dr. Buckmaster, | Gynecological and Obstetrical. |
| Thursday, | Dr. Magruder, | Physical Diagnosis. |
| Friday, | Dr. Hedges, | Ophthalmic. |
| Saturday, | Dr. Randolph, | Genito-urinary. |
In addition to the work at the Dispensary, the class in sections
have seen numerous important surgical operations outside (besides
those at the Hospital), under the care of the clinical teachers, and
a large number of the class have been in a similar manner brought
into intimate contact with cases of serious illness of various kinds.
In obstetrical work, most of the class have been able to see at least
one case each, while some members have had as many as eight or
nine cases; it is believed that more systematic arrangements can now
be made, and that in the future every member of the class can have
one or more cases during the session. Regular attendance upon the
daily clinics is required in the last two years of the course.
THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HOSPITAL.
This hospital is the property of the University, and is under the
exclusive control of its Medical Faculty. It is a pavilion hospital,
conveniently located upon the University grounds, with a present
capacity of sixty-five beds. About five hundred cases a year are
now treated here, two-thirds of which are surgical.
It received patients from nearly all parts of the State, over
thirty counties being represented during the past twelve months.
It was designed and is administered as a teaching hospital, being
so arranged that free use can be made of its clinical material without
in any way disturbing or violating the privacy of other patients.
The equipment is new and in all respects conforms to the best usage
of the day.
The hospital consists of a central building four stories in height
devoted to the purposes of administration. This building contains
on the main floor reception and consultation rooms and a well
furnished operating amphitheatre, with sterilizing, anaesthetising, and
X-ray rooms attached. The upper floors of this building furnish accommodations
for the nurses of the training school, while the basement
contains the heating plant, laundry, kitchen, etc.
From this building corridors three stories in height lead out to
the wards. These wards can hold eighteen beds each, are beautifully
lighted, have direct-indirect hot water radiation, and forced
ventilation. Opening from each ward on the east is a large protected
porch of great value to convalescents.
This plan, as can be seen, admits of indefinite extension without
in any way disturbing the relations of the original buildings.
During the past year the number of patients, both medical and
surgical, has steadily increased, the range of influence of the hospital
has been greatly widened, and this without in any way lowering the
previous good record of the institution.
- Board of Control: Drs. Barringer, Buckmaster, and Davis.
- Visiting Staff: Drs. Barringer, Buckmaster, Davis, Magruder,
Randolph, Browning, Venable, Hedges, and Compton. - House Surgeon: Dr. Hogan.
- Assistant House Surgeon: Dr. Bell.
- Superintendent of Nurses: Miss Florence Eugenia Besley.
- Head Nurse: Miss Isla Bragg.
- Dietician: Miss Mary Carr.
HOSPITAL STAFF.
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HOSPITAL
TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSES.
This School was established in 1901 and turned out its first graduating
class in June, 1903. Its aim is to give young women, desirous of
acquiring the art of nursing, the same care and thorough training in
their calling which is now afforded young men studying the science
of medicine. Instruction in the primary branches of medicine is given
to pupil-nurses by the professors in the medical department of the
University of Virginia, while the clinical instructors at the University
Hospital give lectures upon their respective courses. Two years
is the required time for graduation, and all candidates must enter
prepared to go through the full course of instruction and hospital
training.
Candidates for the school should apply in their own handwriting
to the Superintendent of Nurses, University Hospital, Charlottesville,
Va. These applications must be accompanied by certificates
of good character, good health and sufficient education to profit by
the instruction offered. No candidate under twenty-one years of age,
or over thirty-five, will be received.
Pupil Nurses: Misses Elizabeth Boker, Caroline Bragg, Mildred
Fitzhugh, Evelyn Mackreth, Georgia Nottingham, Marion Sampson,
Caroline Watson.
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HOSPITAL
NURSES' EXCHANGE.
Misses Virginia Bailey, Grace Herndon, Mary Jones, Alice
Leathers, Robinette Thompkins, Ada Wilton, Emma Wood.
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING.
| EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D. C. L., LL. D., | President. |
| WILLIAM MYNN THORNTON, LL. D., | Dean. |
| FRANCIS HENRY SMITH, M. A., LL. D., | |
| Professor of Natural Philosophy. | |
| WILLIAM MORRIS FONTAINE, M. A., | |
| Professor of Geology and Mineralogy. | |
| WILLIAM MYNN THORNTON, LL. D., | |
| Professor of Applied Mathematics. | |
| FRANCIS PERRY DUNNINGTON, B. S., C. E., | |
| Professor of Analytical Chemistry. | |
| JOHN WILLIAM MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., F. R. S., | |
| Professor of General and Industrial Chemistry. | |
| WILLIAM HOLDING ECHOLS, B. S., C. E., | |
| Professor of Pure Mathematics. | |
| JAMES MORRIS PAGE, M. A., Ph. D., | Professor of Pure Mathematics. |
| LEWIS LITTLEPAGE HOLLADAY, B. S., | |
| Adjunct Professor of Electrical Engineering. | |
| CHARLES MILLAR McKERGOW, M. S., | |
| Adjunct Professor of Mechanical Engineering. | |
| JOHN LLOYD NEWCOMB, C. E., | |
| Adjunct Professor of Civil Engineering. | |
| WILLS JOHNSON, | Instructor in Shop-work and Drawing. |
| THOMAS GRAYSON POATS, | Instructor in Shop-work and Drawing. |
| FRANCIS OLIN RICHEY, | Instructor in Electricity and Magnetism. |
| JOHN WINFREE WEST, | Assistant Instructor in Drawing. |
| MARSHALL GOODE HOMES, | Assistant Instructor in Drawing. |
Required for Entrance upon the Work of the Department.
The preparation necessary for a successful prosecution of the courses
in Engineering is a sound working knowledge of Numerical Arithmetic,
must pass the written Entrance Examinations on these subjects, on Elementary
English and on one Entrance Elective,[6] or must present an
equivalent certificate of preparation from a recognized institution of learning
of collegiate rank, or from some training school accredited by this
University.
The regular entrance examinations are held at the University in
June (1906, 5th-8th) and in September (1906, 11th-14th). Certificates of
preparation should be submitted to the Dean of the University not later
than September 1st. Sample Entrance Examination papers will be furnished
on request.
For admission as a student the age of the applicant must be at
least sixteen years. A certificate of honorable discharge from the school
last attended by him or other evidence of general good conduct must be
presented. Candidates, who have furnished such certificates, and have
satisfied the entrance requirements as above stated, will be registered
by the Dean with the concurrence of their several professors as students
of Engineering. The formal registration must be made during the first
four days of the session (1906, September 11th-15th). Late entrance is
forbidden except by special consent of the President and then with an
additional fee.
The lectures begin on the first Monday of the session, on and after
which day all classes meet in exact accordance with the official schedule.
No excuse for absence at lecture or other required exercise will be
granted, except by reason of sickness or upon the written leave of the
Dean. The laws of the University require from every student regular
and diligent application to his studies, as well as decorous, sober, and
upright conduct, as long as he remains a member of the school, whether
he be within the precincts or not. If any student fails to fulfil the purposes
for which he ought to have come to the University and be not
likely to fulfil them, the Dean will inform him of the objections to his
conduct and afford him reasonable opportunity of defense and amendment.
If the student continues delinquent, the Faculty will request his
withdrawal.
METHODS OF INSTRUCTION.
The Department of Engineering is conducted by a Faculty of fifteen
professors and other instructors. It furnishes complete four-year courses
Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, and Mining. Their common basis is the
axiom that clear understanding and firm grasp of scientific principles
furnish the only sure foundation for the labors of the modern scientific
engineer. Their aim is to secure:
First, thorough drill in Pure and Applied Mathematics, without
which no engineer can justly pretend to a sound knowledge of his profession.
Second, broad and accurate training in those Pure and Applied
Sciences, of which rational engineering is simply the concrete expression.
Third, adequate knowledge of the Special Elective Topics, which
constitute the subject matter of each great division of Engineering
Science.
The methods of instruction employed to effect this aim are thorough,
rational, and modern. The courses are given by the joint use
of text-books and lectures. They are made objective by parallel practical
courses in the drafting room, the shop, the laboratory and the field.
They are enforced by daily oral examinations, by frequent written reviews,
by copious exercises in drafting and computation, and by abundant
illustration from experiments and specimens. At the end fo each term
the student's mastery of the course is tested by a rigid written examination,
and his fitness for graduation is judged by the combined result of
term work and examination grades. The object pursued throughout is
to give to the thoughtful student an intelligent mastery of scientific
method and with this aim in view certain departures have been made
from the more ordinary routine process of engineering education.
The Drafting Exercises are not separated from and independent of
the theoretical studies, designed to give merely a technical mastery of
the draftsman's tools. They run parallel with the lecture course, and
are used to illustrate and enforce its lessons. Each problem assigned is
an exercise not only in drawing but in design, and serves to cultivate
power of analysis as well as manual skill.
The Shop-work is planned for engineers and not for artisans. The
equipment is of the best quality, but the time and energies of the student
are not wasted on too extended a course. Enough is done to give intelligent
ideas as to constructive materials and shop methods, and the manual
dexterity necessary for laboratory research is in some measure secured.
After that the student turns to higher problems.
The Laboratory Exercises begin with the beginning of the Student's
work and continue to the end. Like the drafting exercises they run
far as is possible each student verifies for himself by actual tests and
measurements the fundamental laws of engineering science.
Enough practice in Field-work is required from every student to
give him clear understanding and ready use of the standard field instruments.
Students of Civil Engineering have ampler practice in the later
years of the course, in conjunction with the special elective topics pursued
by them.
COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.
The following condensed summary gives by title the various courses
of instruction offered in the Engineering Department, arranged in an
orderly curriculum of four years. Those courses, for which no special
note is given, must be taken by all candidates for degrees. The special
elective courses are in each case followed by a note, showing the degree
for which they are required. The name of the professor and the lecture
hour follow in brackets after each title; Arabic numbers are for lectures
on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday; Roman for lectures on Tuesday,
Thursday, and Saturday.
The courses are so ordered that the specified entrance requirements
are adequate for the work of the First Year. Each succeeding year presupposes
the completion of the work of all the foregoing years. Students
are advised to adhere strictly to the regular programmes. The arrangements
specified in them have been carefully planned and are the best.
Haphazard election is discouraged and in extreme cases will be prohibited.
FIRST YEAR.
Pure Mathematics 1. [Page, IX.]
FIRST TERM.—Geometrical Exercises. Solid Geometry.
SECOND TERM.—Plane and Spherical Trigonometry.
THIRD TERM.—Algebra from Progressions through Theory of Equations.
Applied Mathematics 1. [Thornton, 10.]
FIRST TERM.—Practical Plane Geometry. Descriptive Geometry.
SECOND TERM.—Plane Surveying.
THIRD TERM.—Descriptive Geometry. Shades, Shadows, and Perspective.
Chemistry 1. [Mallet, 11.]
FIRST TERM.—Introduction to Chemical Physics. Atomic Theory.
SECOND TERM.—Inorganic Chemistry.
THIRD TERM.—Introduction to Organic Chemistry.
Drawing 1. [Instructors, XII-II.]
FIRST TERM.—Mechanical Drawing. Projection Drawing.
SECOND TERM.—Plan and Map Drawing. Lettering.
THIRD TERM.—Shades, Shadows, and Perspectives.
Shop and Field Work. [Instructors; afternoon hours.]
FIRST TERM.—Wood Shop.
SECOND TERM.—Forge Shop.
THIRD TERM.—Field Work.
Mechanical Laboratory. [McKergow and Newcomb; afternoon hours.]
FIRST TERM.—Cement tests.
SECOND TERM.—Timber tests.
THIRD TERM.—Tests and adjustments of Field Instruments.
SECOND YEAR.
Pure Mathematics 2. [Echols, 11.]
FIRST TERM.—Plane Analytical Geometry.
SECOND TERM.—Differential Calculus.
THIRD TERM.—Integral Calculus.
Applied Mathematics 2. [Thornton, X.]
FIRST TERM.—Introduction to General Mechanics.
SECOND TERM.—Elementary Statics. Analysis of Structures.
THIRD TERM.—Strength of Materials.
Experimental Physics. [Smith, XI.]
FIRST TERM.—Experimental Mechanics. Laws of Motion and Force.
SECOND TERM.—Physical Measurements. Hydrostatics and Hydrokinetics.
THIRD TERM.—Heat. Electricity and Magnetism. Sound. Light.
Drawing 2. [Instructors, 9-11.]
FIRST TERM.—Elementary Structural and Machine Drawing.
SECOND TERM.—Exercises in Graphical Statics.
THIRD TERM.—Elementary Structural Drawing and Design.
Shop-Work. [Instructors; afternoon hours.]
FIRST TERM.—Machine Shop.
SECOND TERM.—Pattern Shop.
Mechanical Laboratory. [McKergow and Newcomb; afternoon hours.]
FIRST TERM.—Laboratory measurements.
SECOND TERM.—Strength and Elasticity of Timber.
THIRD TERM.—Strength and Elasticity of Metals.
The foregoing courses contain the fundamenta of education in
the Applied Sciences and are taken in common by all students of
Engineering. The succeeding years are largely devoted to the specialized
elective courses which deal with the subject matter of professional
practice in the various branches of Engineering. To these
courses only such students are admitted as have an adequate preliminary
training in Pure Mathematics, in Theoretical and Applied
Mechanics, and in Drawing and Design.
THIRD YEAR.
Applied Mathematics 3. [Thornton, 12.]
FIRST TERM.—Kinematics. General Principles of Dynamics.
SECOND TERM.—Statics. Dynamics of a Particle.
THIRD TERM.—Dynamics of a Rigid Body.
Geology 1: required for C. E. and E. M. [Fontaine, IX.]
FIRST TERM.—Dynamical Geology.
SECOND TERM.—Structural Geology.
THIRD TERM.—Historical Geology.
Electricity and Magnetism: required for E. E. and M. E.
Elementary Lessons in Electricity and Magnetism.
Mathematical Theory of Electricity and Magnetism.
Electromagnetic Fields. Magnetic Induction in Metals.
Civil Engineering 1: required for C. E. [Newcomb, 11.]
FIRST TERM.—Railway Location and Construction. Field Work.
SECOND TERM.—Bridge Stresses. Graphical Statics of Bridges.
THIRD TERM.—Bridge Design. Bridge Drafting.
Mechanical Engineering 1: required for M. E. [McKergow, 1.]
FIRST TERM.—Machine Kinematics. Elementary Machine Design.
SECOND TERM.—Steam Engine Theory. Steam Engine Design.
THIRD TERM.—Steam Boilers; construction, design, operation.
Electrical Engineering 1: required for E. E. [Holladay, 9.]
FIRST TERM.—Fundamental Principles. Electrical Measurements.
SECOND TERM.—D. C. Generators. Dynamo Design. Testing
Dynamos.
THIRD TERM.—D. C. Motors; theory, design, operation, and testing.
Analytical Chemistry 1: required for E. M. [Dunnington, X.]
FIRST TERM.—Chemical manipulation. Blowpipe analysis. Fire
assays.
SECOND TERM.—Inorganic Qualitative Analysis of Salts, Ores, etc.
THIRD TERM.—Determinative Mineralogy. Analysis of Waters,
Coals, Oils, etc.
N. B.—A special fee of $60 is charged for this course.
Shop-Work. [Instructors; afternoon hours.]
FIRST TERM.—Moulding and Casting—Foundry.
SECOND YEAR.—Advanced Course in Machine Shop [Mechanical
Engineers].
FOURTH YEAR.
Applied Mathematics 4. [Thornton, XII.]
FIRST TERM.—Hydraulics and Hydraulic Motors.
SECOND TERM.—Building Materials and Building Construction.
THIRD TERM.—Thermodynamics; Steam and Gas Engines.
Chemistry 2. [Mallet, 3.]
FIRST TERM.—Industrial Chemistry of the Metals.
SECOND TERM.—Building Materials and Explosives.
THIRD TERM.—Fuels, Paints, Oils, Dyes, etc.
Geology 2: required for E. M. [Fontaine, IX.]
FIRST TERM.—Physical Properties of Minerals. Crystallography,
Descriptive Mineralogy.
SECOND TERM.—Stratigraphic Geology. Lithology.
THIRD TERM.—Palaeontology. Field Geology.
Civil Engineering 2: required for C. E. [Newcomb, XI.]
FIRST TERM.—Masonry Construction.
SECOND TERM.—Waterworks and Sewers.
THIRD TERM.—Roads, Streets, and Pavements.
Mechanical Engineering 2: required for M. E. [McKergow, I.]
FIRST TERM.—Hydraulic Machinery.
SECOND TERM.—Mechanical Power Plants.
THIRD TERM.—Valve Gears. Power Transmission.
Electrical Engineering 2: required for E. E. [Holladay, IX.]
FIRST TERM.—Alternating Currents; AC Generators and Transformers.
SECOND TERM.—Induction Motors. Electric Lighting. Photometry.
THIRD TERM.—AC Phenomena. Long Distance Power Transmission.
Mining Engineering: required for E. M. [Thornton, I.]
FIRST TERM.—Exploitation of Mines.
SECOND TERM.—Mining Power Plants. Electricity in Mining.
THIRD TERM.—Mining Machinery.
Mechanical Laboratory.
FIRST TERM.—Hydraulic tests; measurements of velocity and discharge.
SECOND TERM.—Steam tests. Engine tests. Mechanical equivalent
of heat.
THIRD TERM.—Friction tests. Study of lubricants.
Thesis Work.
Every candidate for a degree in Engineering will be required at
the beginning of his graduating year to submit to the Dean some
subject for independent study suited to the student's special course
and aims. After such subject has been approved by the Dean and
the Professor in charge, the student will be expected to carry out
for himself the necessary literary and laboratory researches and to
present his results in the form of a thesis. Such thesis must be
typewritten on standard sheets, bound in a proper cover, and handed
in for final approval not later than May 25th. All necessary computations
and drawings must accompany the thesis. Serious weight will
be given to this work in estimating the student's fitness for graduation.
EQUIPMENT.
The equipment of the Engineering Department for the work of
instruction includes shops, laboratories and museums, an excellent
outfit of field instruments, and ample facilities for engineering drawing.
SHOPS.
The Wood-shop contains a full outfit of hand-tools, lathes for
ordinary turning and for pattern-making, machine-saws for ripping
and slitting and cross-cutting, band-saw, jig-saw, planer, jointer, and
trimmer.
The Machine-shop is supplied with the necessary hand-tools for
bench-work, engine lathes, planer, shaper, sensitive drill, power drill,
universal milling machine, universal grinding machine, cut-off saw,
gas forge for tempering tools, and the accessory instruments needed
for exact work in metals.
The Forge-shop has a full outfit of smith's tools, and is equipped
with forges having down draft and mechanical exhaust operated by
a special engine and fan.
The Foundry has a cupola furnace for work in cast iron, and a
brass furnace for soft metal castings. The cupola is operated by a
blower, driven by a special engine. The necessary appliances for
moulding are also provided.
LABORATORIES AND MUSEUMS.
The Sinclair Laboratory for work in Strength of Materials was
equipped through the generosity of Mrs. John Sinclair, of New York
City, as a memorial to her late husband. The outfit comprises Riehle
and Olsen machines, each of 100,000 pounds capacity, for tests of
tensile, compressive and transverse strengths and elasticities; an
Olsen Torsion machine of 50,000 inch-pounds capacity; hand machines
for tensile and transverse tests; Fairbanks and Olsen cement
testing machines of 1,000 pounds capacity each; special apparatus
for impact tests and tests of reinforced concrete; moulds for briquettes,
scales, graduates, flasks, and other fittings; and the necessary extensometers
and micrometers for delicate measurements.
The John Waverly Scott Laboratory for Electrical Engineering
was both equipped and endowed by Mrs. Frances Branch Scott, of
Richmond, Virginia, as a memorial to her late son, a former student
of both direct and alternating currents, with transformers of various
types and capacities, with DC motors and induction motors, with
electric meters of all the requisite ranges, and with the laboratory
standards needed for testing and calibrating them, and the brakes
and rheostats used in testing the electrical machines. The equipment
contains also a full outfit of apparatus of the best and most
modern construction for delicate electrical measurements, together
with a full supply of the necessary electrical standards. Two storage
batteries have been provided, one for pressure and one for current.
A Duddell oscillograph is used for the study of alternating current
phenomena, and is arranged to permit the projection of the wave
forms on a screen. A well equipped photometer cabinet is used for
the testing and study of electrical lamps.
For Hydraulic and Steam Tests the equipment contains a full
series of pressure gauges, gauge testers, thermometers, steam calorimeters,
fuel calorimeters, apparatus for chimney gas analysis, indicators,
friction brakes, apparatus for testing the thermal qualities of
steam, apparatus for measuring the mechanical equivalent of heat,
and the heat equivalent of electrical energy, and all the appliances
needed for the proper utilization of this outfit. A machine for
testing lubricants and apparatus for measuring the density, viscosity,
and flash print of oils has also been provided. The laboratory engine
has been equipped with rope brake and indicators, steam calorimeters
and steam separator, and is connected with a condenser, so that tests
of indicated and brake horsepower may be made both with and
without condensation. In addition the boilers and engines of the
electric light and heating plant of the University are available for
testing purposes.
The Rouss Physical Laboratory, the Chemical Laboratory and
the Brooks Museum, while designed primarily to foster the scientific
studies of the Academical Department of the University, are also
available and utilized for the instruction of the classes in Engineering.
The Physical Laboratory is not only provided with a large collection
of apparatus for demonstrative experiments in illustration of
the lectures on Physics, but possesses also the necessary instrumental
equipment for exact measures in Physics, in Electricity and Magnetism,
and in Photometry.
The Chemical Laboratory is furnished with all the appliances and
supplies needed for illustrating the lecture course in General Chemistry,
and possesses also a remarkable museum of Industrial Chemistry,
are well equipped and the course of instruction has been
especially adapted to the needs of students of Mining Engineering.
The Brooks Museum contains the collections of the University
in Geology and Mineralogy, collections of great value and of especial
interest to students of Civil and Mining Engineering. These collections
are used to illustrate the lectures and are thrown open to
students for individual study.
FIELD INSTRUMENTS.
The outfit of instruments for field-work in surveying, levelling
and location contains transits and levels of various approved makes,
compasses, hand-levels and clinometers, a plane-table, a sextant,
mercurial and aneroid barometers, a current-meter, a solar transit,
and the usual provision of rods, chains, tapes, and like accessories.
Instruction is given to all students in the accurate testing and adjustment
of the standard instruments, and in their use for the solution of
all the ordinary field problems. In addition they are taught and
practised in simple but accurate methods for locating the True
Meridian, and for determining Latitude, Time, and Longitude. Students
of Civil Engineering execute more extended surveys for the
location of roads, railways, hydraulic works, and so on.
DRAFTING ROOMS.
The drafting rooms are abundantly lighted and are provided
with solidly constructed tables with locked drawers for instruments
and materials. Each student is assigned to a table and has a board
and a drawer for his exclusive use. The classes of the First
and Second years execute each one plate a week under the supervision
of the Instructors. The more advanced students have such
drawings assigned by their respective professors as are needed for
the full development of the courses of study.
Careful attention is given to the training of the students in lettering,
in the conventional signs of mechanical drawing, in the
proper lay-out of drawings, and in neat and accurate execution.
Exercises are required also in tracing and in blue-printing, the rooms
for which are conveniently arranged and in close contiguity to the
drafting rooms. While, however, technical dexterity is demanded,
the graphical method is taught and used as a powerful and indispensable
instrument of research, the thoughtful mastery of which
is essential for the instructed Engineer.
EXPENSES.
The expenses of a student of Engineering will vary slightly with
his year of residence, largely with his personal habits. The following
estimates presuppose a reasonable economy, equally removed
from parsimony on the one hand and from profusion on the other.
They may be somewhat reduced by strict economy. They may be
largely and disastrously augmented by extravagance.
REGULAR STUDENTS.
The average annual expense of a student who pursues the regular
course of the Engineering Department will be:
| University Fee | $ 40 |
| Department Fee (average of four years) | 65 |
| Living Expenses (for nine months) | 225 |
| Books and Drawing Materials | 20 |
| Incidental Expenses | 50 |
| Total for outside students | $400 |
| Deduction for Virginians | 45 |
| Total for Virginians | $355 |
Strict economy may reduce the living expenses from $25 a month,
as estimated above, to $18 or $20, and may take off something also
from the incidental expenses. A more liberal estimate will increase
them by about the same amount. We should thus have the following
average annual allowances:
| ANNUAL ALLOWANCES. | MIN. | MEAN. | MAX. |
| Outside students | $320 | $400 | $480 |
| Virginians | 275 | 355 | 435 |
These estimates are exclusive of clothing and traveling expenses,
items which vary too much to be introduced into any general
estimate.
The University Fee of $40 is paid by every student. It entitles
the student to the free use of the Library, and of the Gymnasium; to
the advice and direction of the Instructor in Physical Culture; to
free medical advice and attendance by the Health Officers of the
University; to the facilities of the University Hospital in case of
need; and it covers all fees for examinations, diplomas, and degrees.
The Department Fee is $80 for the First Year course, $70 for the
Second, $60 for the Third, $50 for the Fourth, and thus averages $65.
It covers the tuition and laboratory fees for all the classes (except
Analytical Chemistry). It entitles the student also to take over
again without additional charge any course of the previous year
which he may have failed to complete. Virginians have free tuition
in the academical schools, and are therefore allowed a deduction of
$45 a year.
The item of Living Expenses includes board, lodging, fuel, lights,
servant, and laundry. A fair average allowance is $25 a month.
Severe economy may reduce it to $18. Ample generosity would
place it at $32, but no higher.
The Books, Drawing Instruments, Drawing Materials and Stationery
will cost about $80 for the four-year course, an average of
$20 a year. It is wise economy for the young engineer to buy good
instruments and to collect during his college life a few good books,
as the nucleus of his professional library.
The Incidental Expenses of the student ought to be kept within
modest bounds. The allowances made above are liberal enough.
Large expenditures as a rule promote idleness and attract companions
of the baser sort.
The items payable at entrance are the University Fee of $40, the
Department Fee, and a Contingent Deposit of $10 to cover library
fines and damages to University property, if such should occur. The
last item is credited in the student's final settlement with the Bursar.
The First Year Student of Engineering should bring with him about
$200 to meet these charges and cover the initial payments for books,
instruments, room, furniture, board, and so on.
SPECIAL STUDENTS.
Applicants for admission to the Engineering Department, who
are more than twenty years old, and desire to enter for the pursuit
of special elective courses, must present adequate proofs of
good character and of the needful maturity and training. Such applicants
are then registered as Special Students, and are admitted without
formal examination to the privileges of the University, but not
as candidates for any titled degree. Such students pay the University
Fee of $40, a Tuition Fee of $25 for each class attended, and the
proper Laboratory Fees ($5 per class in Applied Mathematics and
Engineering; $35 in Analytical Chemistry). Virginians have free
tuition in the Academic Schools.
Under the general elective plan of this University, many young
themselves by such studies for highly successful professional careers.
Any student, who possesses a good working knowledge of Pure
Mathematics and some acquaintance with the Natural Sciences, may
attempt with success the following shorter course in Engineering:
First Year.—Applied Mathematics 1 and 2. Engineering 1.
Second Year.—Applied Mathematics 3 and 4. Engineering 2.
Upon its completion he receives a diploma of graduation in Applied
Mathematics and Engineering.
STUDENTS ADMITTED WITH ADVANCED STANDING.
Applicants from other colleges will be admitted provisionally
to advanced standing as candidates for a degree in Engineering
upon presentation of proper certificates covering the courses for
which credit is desired. Such certificates must be filed with the
Dean, and must be acceptable both to him and to the professors in
charge of the accredited courses. The certificate must bear the official
signature of the head of the college; must specify the character
and content of the course followed by the student; must give his
marks, which should not fall below the standard 75% of this University;
and must recommend the student as worthy of admission to
the University of Virginia in respect of both character and scholarship.
The final validation of such a certificate is effected by the successful
completion of the courses attended in this University.
SCHEDULE OF LECTURES AND EXAMINATIONS.
1906-7.
| Hour: | Mon. Wed. Fri. | Tues. Thur. Sat. | Hour: |
| 9 | Electrical Engineering 1. | Mathematics 1. | IX |
| Geology 1. | Geology 2. | ||
| Dec. 13 March 14 May 28 | Dec. 20 March 21 June 4 | ||
| 10 | Applied Mathematics 1. | Applied Mathematics 2. | X |
| Analytical Chemistry 1. | |||
| Dec. 12 March 13 June 6 | Dec. 17 March 18 May 31 | ||
| 11 | Chemistry 1. | Physics 1. | XI |
| Mathematics 2. | Civil Engineering 2. | ||
| Civil Engineering 1. | Electrical Engineering 2. | ||
| Dec. 22 March 23 May 27 | Dec. 18 March 19 June 1 | ||
| 12 | Applied Mathematics 3. | Applied Mathematics 4. | XII |
| Industrial Chemistry Exam. | |||
| Dec. 19 March 20 June 3 | Dec. 14 March 15 May 29 | ||
| 1 | Mechanical Engineering 2. | Mechanical Engineering 1. | I |
| Mining Engineering. | |||
| Dec. 21 March 22 June 5 | Dec. 15 March 16 May 30 |
PROGRAMME OF REQUIREMENTS
FOR DEGREES.
| C. E. | M. E. | E. E. | E. M. | |
| FIRST YEAR | 1 Mathematics IX 1 Applied Math. 10 1 Chemistry 11 1 Draw'g XII to II |
1 Mathematics IX 1 Applied Math. 10 1 Chemistry 11 1 Draw. XII to II |
1 Mathematics IX 1 Applied Math. 10 1 Chemistry 11 1 Draw. XII to II |
1 Mathematics IX 1 Applied Math. 10 1 Chemistry 11 1 Draw. XII to II |
| AFTERNOONS Shop-work Field-work Laboratory |
AFTERNOONS Shop-work Field-work Laboratory |
AFTERNOONS Shop-work Field-work Laboratory |
AFTERNOONS Shop work Field-work Laboratory |
|
| SECOND YEAR | 2 Mathematics 11 2 Applied Math. X 1 Physics XI 2 Drawing 9 to 11 |
2 Mathematics 11 2 Applied Math. X 1 Physics XI 2 Drawing 9 to 11 |
2 Mathematics 11 2 Applied Math. X 1 Physics XI 2 Drawing 9 to 11 |
2 Mathematics 11 2 Applied Math. X 1 Physics XI 2 Drawing 9 to 11 |
| AFTERNOONS Shop-work Laboratory |
AFTERNOONS Shop-work Laboratory |
AFTERNOONS Shop-work Laboratory |
AFTERNOONS Shop-work Laboratory |
|
| THIRD YEAR | 3 Applied Math. 12 1 Geology 9 1 Civil Eng. XI |
3 Applied Math. 12 Electricity 1 Mech. Eng. I |
3 Applied Math. 12 Electricity 1 Elec. Eng. 9 |
3 Applied Math. 12 1 Geology 9 1 Anal. Chem. X |
| AFTERNOONS Laboratory Field-Work |
AFTERNOONS. Laboratory Drawing |
AFTERNOONS Laboratory Drawing |
AFTERNOONS Chem. Laboratory. |
|
| FOURTH YEAR | 4 Ap. Math. XII 2 Chemistry 3 2 Civil Eng. 11 |
4 Ap. Math. XII 2 Chemistry 3 2 Mech. Eng. 1 |
4 Ap. Math. [XII 2 Chemistry 3 2 Elec. Eng. XI |
4 Ap. Math. XII 2 Chemistry 3 Mining Eng. I 2 Geology IX |
| AFTERNOONS Laboratory Thesis Work |
AFTERNOONS Laboratory Thesis Work |
AFTERNOONS Laboratory Thesis Work |
AFTERNOONS Laboratory Thesis Work |
|
Entrance Electives are Latin, Greek, French, German, Spanish, U. S. History,
Physical Geography, Solid Geometry, Plane Trigonometry, Astronomy, Physics,
Chemistry, Botany.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
| EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, D. C. L., LL. D., | President. |
| ALBERT HENRY TUTTLE, M. S., | |
| Professor of Biology and Agriculture. | |
| FRANCIS HENRY SMITH, M. A., LL. D., | |
| Professor of Natural Philosophy. | |
| JOHN WILLIAM MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., F. R. S., | |
| Professor of General and Industrial Chemistry. | |
| FRANCIS PERRY DUNNINGTON, B. S., C. E., | |
| Professor of Analytical and Agricultural Chemistry. | |
| WILLIAM MORRIS FONTAINE, M. A., | |
| Professor of Natural History and Geology. | |
| WILLIAM HOLDING ECHOLS, B. S., C. E., | |
| Professor of Mathematics. | |
| JAMES MORRIS PAGE, M. A., Ph. D., | Professor of Mathematics. |
| WILLIAM MYNN THORNTON, LL. D., | |
| Professor of Applied Mathematics. | |
| ORMOND STONE, M. A., | Professor of Astronomy. |
| JAMES ALBERT HARRISON, L. H. D., LL. D., | |
| Professor of Teutonic Languages. | |
| RICHARD HENRY WILSON, M. A., Ph. D., | |
| Professor of Romanic Languages. | |
| WILLIAM HARRISON FAULKNER, M. A., Ph. D., | |
| Adjunct Professor of Teutonic Languages. | |
| WILLIAM ALLISON KEPNER, M. A., | Instructor in Biology. |
| GEORGE DIUGUID DAVIDSON, Ph. D., | Instructor in French. |
| FRANCIS OLIN RICHEY, | Instructor in Physics. |
The Department of Agriculture is founded on the gift of one hundred
thousand dollars by the late Samuel Miller, of Lynchburg, Va.;
this sum having been given to establish a fund, the income of which
should be applied, as far as practicable, to the maintenance of experiments
in agriculture, training in the art of farming, and instruction
relations thereto. Since the income in question is manifestly inadequate
to provide for all these important ends in an efficient manner,
it has become necessary for those directly charged with its
administration to decide how it can be most usefully applied within
the limits indicated.
Agriculture is the art of cultivating the soil with a view to profit;
as usually applied, the term implies the successful raising and marketing
of crops of plants or of animals, or of their products. Its theory
is based directly upon the sciences of Chemistry, Botany, and
Zoölogy; and also, but less directly, upon the allied sciences of
Physics, Mechanics, and Geology. Education adapted to the prosecution
of this vocation calls, therefore, at the outset, for sound and
thorough instruction in these sciences; and subsequently for the discussion
of its principles and processes as based upon them. The experience
of some years has shown conclusively that neither agricultural
experimentation nor instruction in the routine of farm work
can be profitably conducted here with the means at command;
nor is such application of these means in accordance with the needs
or expressed desires of students who come to the University for the
purpose of entering this Department.
It seems wisest, therefore, as well as most consonant with the
other functions of the University, to apply the income of this fund
to the enlargement, as far as possible, of the opportunities here
afforded to those who desire to acquire a knowledge of the sciences
on which the art of agriculture is based, and of which it is the practical
application; to understand their theoretical principles, as well
as their economic relations; and to be capable of following their
progress in all its bearings. Instruction is therefore offered in this
Department to all who desire such training in the descriptive and
experimental sciences as this would imply, together with a knowledge
of the closely affiliated mathematical sciences, and of the modern
languages of immediate importance to the scientific student; in accordance
with the following plan.
Required for Entrance Upon the Work of the Department.—The
General Entrance Examination, or admission to the University by
certificate or diploma, as stated in a preceding portion of this
catalogue.
Based upon this preparation the degree of Bachelor of Science
will be conferred upon students who satisfactorily complete one B. S.
course each in General Biology, Botany, Physics, General Chemistry,
Zoölogy, Geology, and Analytical Chemistry; together with an advanced
course in each of any two of the Schools represented by these
group of mathematical sciences, viz., Pure Mathematics, Applied
Mathematics, or Astronomy; and of the B. S. courses in French and
German. The B. S. courses are the same as, or the equivalent of the
B. A. courses described in a previous portion of this catalogue; the
advanced courses in the various scientific Schools have also been previously
described.
Agricultural Chemistry.—There is offered in connection with the
graduating course in Analytical Chemistry a course of lectures in
Agricultural Chemistry, including a discussion of the chemical and
physical properties of the atmosphere, of soils, and of plants; the
chemistry of the processes of vegetable life so far as they are related
to Agriculture; the chemical composition and preparation of manures;
the chemistry of stock feeding, and of fungicides and insecticides.
This course is open without charge to students who have registered
in Analytical Chemistry, to Virginia students, and to farmers who
are not matriculated students.
For Reference: Johnston's Elements of Agricultural Chemistry, 17th Edition;
London, 1894.
In addition to the courses in Biology described in a previous
portion of this catalogue, there is offered in the School of Biology
and Agriculture the following course, which provides for the discussion
of the relation of the biological sciences to the art of Agriculture.
Practical Biology and Agriculture.—The relations of Biology to
Agriculture are so manifold, and the subdivisions of the latter subject
so numerous, that it would be impossible to exhaust the discussion
of either in the work of any one year. A course consisting
in part of lectures and in part of an equivalent amount of practical
work and collateral reading will be offered yearly. It will include
the discussion of selected topics pertaining to Economic Botany
(such as the bacterial and fungous diseases of plants, the natural
history of cultivated varieties, and the like); to Economic Zoölogy
(such as the life-history and treatment of injurious or beneficial insects,
external or internal parasites, the special anatomy and physiology
of the domestic animals, etc.); and to questions connected with
the Principles of Agriculture (such as the laws of growth and
nutrition of crops, the drainage and tillage of soils, systems of rotation
and allied topics). The topics discussed in such a course will be, to
some extent, selected in accordance with the objects in view of those
electing it in any year. The following literature will indicate a
possible arrangement of subjects.
During the session of 1906-7 a course is offered to students in
this Department in the Principles of Forestry.
Text-Books for 1905-1906.—Sorauer's Physiology of Plants (Weiss tr.); Tubeuf's
Diseases of Plants induced by Cryptogamic Parasites (Smith tr.); Chauveau's
Anatomy of the Domestic Animals (Fleming tr.); Vorhee's Principles of Agriculture.
Candidates for a diploma of graduation in Biology and Agriculture
are required to complete the courses in Botany, Zoölogy, and
Comparative Anatomy, and also the course in Practical Biology and
Agriculture above described.
In this Department, as in the College, the order in which studies
shall be taken is left largely to the discretion of the student (subject
to the restriction that not more than three classes may be undertaken
in any one session without the consent of the Faculty): the following
is, however, suggested as a convenient arrangement of a four
years' course for this degree; and as one of several combinations
of subjects possible under the requirements above stated.
| First Year: | ||
| Geology 1; | Physics 1; | General Biology 1; |
| Second Year: | ||
| French 2; | General Chemistry 1; | Botany 2; |
| Third Year: | ||
| German 3; | Analytical Chemistry 1; | Zoölogy 3; |
| Fourth Year: | ||
| [7] Mechanics 1; | [8] Analyt. and Agri. Chem. 2; | [8]Agriculture 1. |
EXPENSES.
The necessary expenses at the University of a student in the
Department of Agriculture may be estimated at from $290 a year
upwards, according to the mode of living. A fuller statement of expenses,
including the conditions under which Virginia students are
entitled to free tuition, may be found in a preceding section. (See pp.
91-95.
MILLER SCHOLARSHIPS.
A scholarship is awarded at the end of each session to the candidate
who at that time passes the graduation examinations in the
B. S. courses of General Biology, Chemistry, and Physics with the
highest aggregate of marks. The scholarship is tenable for the following
two years. The emoluments consist of $250 a session, with
free tuition in the Schools of the Department of Agriculture. The
holder of a Miller Scholarship is required to elect at least one-third
of his work in Biology and Agriculture, Analytical Chemistry, or
Applied Mathematics. The tenure of the scholarship depends upon
the good conduct and studious diligence of the scholar, the Faculty
being authorized to withdraw its benefits from any student who does
not avail himself of the opportunities for study which it is intended
to secure. Candidacy should be announced at the beginning of the
session.
Substitution may be made of either Pure Mathematics 2 or Astronomy 1 for
Mechanics; each of these three courses requires the previous completion of Mathematics
1.
Substitution may be made for either of these advanced courses by advanced
courses in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, or Geology.
THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.
| JOHN SHELTON PATTON, | Librarian. |
| ANNA SEELEY TUTTLE, B. A., | Assistant Librarian. |
The General Library is open daily from 9 a. m. to 1:30 p. m., and
from 3 to 5 p. m.
The collection contains more than sixty thousand volumes, and
is available for use by the officers and students and some others
under the following regulations:
1. All visitors are expected to preserve order, and to avoid unnecessary
noise or conversation.
2. Books of the Reference Collection are not to be moved from
the Library by any one, but may be freely consulted at the tables.
[All bound magazines are treated as reference books].
Books in current use in connection with the courses of instruction
will be temporarily placed on the shelves of the Reference Collection,
and will then be subject to the above rule.
Works of special value or specially liable to injury on account
of their rarity, illustrations, etc., are not to be removed from the
Library, except by permission.
New periodicals cannot be borrowed by any one for the first two
weeks after they are placed on the shelves.
3. The Librarian is required to make an entry of every book
removed from the Library with the time when the same is due.
4. Students may borrow books upon the following terms:
No student can have out more than three volumes at the same
time.
Each book must be returned by the borrower within two weeks
from the date of its withdrawal. The loan may be renewed unless
some other person entitled to books has signified his need of it.
Ten cents a volume will be charged for each day that a volume
remains unreturned after the two weeks for which it was withdrawn.
Before a student can honorably withdraw from the University
he must present to the Bursar a certificate from the Librarian to
show that he has settled with that officer.
5. Members of the Faculty have at all times free use of the
Library within its walls, and borrow books under the following regulations:
Each book borrowed is to be presented to the Librarian to be
charged to the borrower.
Each book borrowed is understood to be taken out for a period
not exceeding one month, but this time may be extended unless the
Librarian notify the borrower that some one else desires the book.
Not more than two volumes at a time may be borrowed for the
use of any other person than the professor himself, and the Librarian
is always to be notified at the time of borrowing that the book is not
for individual use.
6. All books borrowed from the Library must be returned and
on the shelves by the fifth day before the close of each session:
7. The Librarian may permit persons residing at the University
for the purpose of studying during the vacation to use the Library,
with the approval of the President, and under the above general
regulations, but at such hours as may be specially arranged for, on
condition that each such person pay to the Librarian a fee of $3
and make a contingent deposit of $15, against which may be
assessed any charges for loss of or injury to books.
8. The Librarian is charged with the general duty of maintaining
order in the Library, preserving the room and its contents from
damage and reporting to the Bursar any fines and penalties which
may have to be enforced.
| University of Virginia April, 1906 | |