University of Virginia Library

PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS.

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.

JAMES L. CABELL, M. D., M. A., LL. D., Professor of Physiology and Surgery.

JOHN STAIGE DAVIS, M. D., M. A., Professor of Anatomy and Materia Medica.

JAMES F. HARRISON, M. D., Professor of Medicine, Obstetrics, etc.

J. W. MALLET, M. D., Ph. D., F. R. S., Professor of Chemistry and Pharmacy.

WILLIAM B. TOWLES, M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy.

The Medical Department of the University aims at thorough work in
its special province, to wit: the instruction of the student in the principles
of medicine, and his discipline in the modes of acquiring and applying
knowledge. Thus, whilst the only solid foundation of professional
attainments is laid, the mental faculties are expanded and strengthened
for that growth in knowledge, usefulness and distinction to which every
one who enlists in an honorable and responsible profession should aspire.
The organization and arrangements by which these aims are successfully
accomplished may be briefly stated as follows:

ARRANGEMENT OF STUDIES.

The length of the session (nine months) renders it practicable and convenient
to distribute the subjects of instruction among a smaller number
of Professors than in other medical schools of the United States, whose
sessions are only four or five months long. This distribution brings the
different subjects to the attention of the student in their natural and successive
order. The arrangement of the lectures is such that he acquires
a competent knowledge of Anatomy, Physiology and Chemistry before
he enters upon the study of the principles and practice of Medicine and
Surgery, which can only be studied properly in the light of the former.
The instructions in Materia Medica and Pharmacy are also given in due
relation to the progress of the student in chemistry.

SCHOOL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND SURGERY.

Prof. Cabell.

Text-Books:—Dalton's Physiology; Wilson's Manual of Hygiene and Sanitary
Science, Fourth Edition, 1880; Green's Pathology; Ashurst's Surgery; Saterthwaite's
Histology.

SCHOOL OF ANATOMY AND MATERIA MEDICA.

Prof. Davis.

Text-Books:—Wilson's or Gray's Anatomy; Farquharson's Materia Medica.

N. B.—This School furnishes every facility for the study of Practical
Anatomy that can be found in similar institutions elsewhere. Adequate
provision is made for the supply of subjects, and each student has the
opportunity, by actual dissection under the guidance of Doctor Towles,
Demonstrator of Anatomy, of acquiring a practical knowledge of the
structure of the human body in all its parts.

SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, OBSTETRICS, AND MEDICAL
JURISPRUDENCE.

Prof. Harrison.

Text-Books:—Taylor's Medical Jurisprudence (last edition); Playfair's with Roberts'
Midwifery (last edition); Roberts' Practice of Medicine (last edition); Hartshorne's
Essentials.

SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACY.

Prof. Mallet.

For the course in General Chemistry, see page 33. Throughout
the course the attention of medical students is particularly drawn to the
physiological, medical and sanitary relations of the subject. A special
course of lectures on Pharmacy is given, beginning soon after the intermediate
examinations.

Text-Books:—Fowne's Chemistry; Parrish's Pharmacy.

N. B.—In addition to the above, two special courses of instruction
will be given by the Professor of Analytical Chemistry, as follows:

1st, Sixteen lessons in the practical applications of Chemistry to
Medicine; as, the detection of poisons, chemical and microscopic examination
of animal products, urine, blood, etc.

2nd, Fourteen lessons in practical pharmaceutical manipulations.

APPARATUS AND ILLUSTRATION.

The equipment of the Medical Department in apparatus, specimens
and drawings, is extensive and excellent. The collection of paintings
for the illustration of the lectures on Anatomy, Physiology and Surgery,
several hundred in number, is unequalled by anything of the kind in the
United States, or perhaps abroad.

LECTURES AND EXAMINATIONS.

Favored as the student is in the comprehensiveness, scientific basis
and order of his studies, he is not less favored by arrangements which
give ample time for the preparation of every lecture, and address motives
to him for such preparation. Each Professor gives three regular lectures
a week, with occasional extra lectures, making the average weekly
aggregate not over fourteen, or a little more than two a day. The
student, therefore, is not over-burdened with lecture-room attendance.
He has time for study in his private room, to consult books, and compare
their teachings with the oral instructions of his Professor, and to digest
and systematize his acquisitions from both sources. The daily examinations
which precede every lecture supply the stimulus to regular and
active study, serve as summary reviews of what he has already heard or
read, and as correctives of any misconceptions he may have fallen into
in his hearing or reading. The daily examinations constitute a very
valuable part of the exercises of the Institution, and are taken into account
in determining the fitness of a student for graduation.

DEGREE.

The degree of Doctor of Medicine is conferred upon such students as
prove their fitness for the same by rigid and searching examination. It
has ever been the policy of the Institution to make its honors testimonials
of merit, and not merely certificates of attendance on a prescribed
course of instruction. (See p. 52.)

EXPENSES.

The expenses of a medical student are from $333 to $369. (See
page 53.)

LAW DEPARTMENT.

JOHN B. MINOR, LL. D., Professor of Common and Statute Law.

STEPHEN O. SOUTHALL, LL. D., Professor of International and Constitutional
Law, Equity, etc.

This Department is organized with a view to acquaint the student
familiarly and practically with the principles of his profession. The instruction
is as thorough as possible, and is given partly through textbooks
and partly through lectures, with daily examination upon both.

A Moot-court, in connection with other instruction, tends to perfect
the student in the details of practice. Under the immediate supervision
of the Professors, he is required to pronounce opinions upon supposed
cases; to devise and institute remedies by suit or otherwise; to conduct
suits at law and in equity from their inception, through all their stages;
to draw wills, conveyances, and other assurances; and in short, to perform
most of the functions of a practising lawyer.

The Department comprises two Schools, each of which is divided into
two classes, and the course of study is as follows:

SCHOOL OF COMMON AND STATUTE LAW.

Prof. Minor.

Junior Class:—Minor's Institutes of Common and Statute Law, namely:

Vol. I, The Rights which Relate to the Person.

Vol. II, The Rights which Relate to Real Property.

Minor's Synopsis of Criminal Law.

Blackstone's Commentaries.

Senior Class:—Minor's Institutes of Common and Statute Law, namely:

Vol. IV, The Practice of the Law in Civil Cases, including Pleading.

Vol. III, The Rights which Relate to Personal Property.

Stephen on Pleading.

For reference:—Virginia Code (1873); Revised Statutes of United States.

SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL
LAW, MERCANTILE LAW, EVIDENCE, AND EQUITY.

Prof. Southall.

Junior Class:—Vattel's International Law, with Lectures; Lectures on Government,
Federalist.

Senior Class:—Smith's Mercantile Law; Greenleaf's Evidence; Adams Equity,
with Lectures.

For reference:—Stephen's Digest of the Law of Evidence.

In the Department of Law, the degree of Bachelor of Law is conferred
upon those who, upon examination conducted in writing, manifest
an intimate acquaintance with the subjects taught in all the classes;
and to those who, upon like examination, exhibit a competent knowledge
of International and Constitutional Law, including the Science of
Government, a Certificate of Proficiency is awarded.

In order to obtain the degree, the whole of the course must be completed
here, no preliminary examination being had upon entering.

The course is designed for two sessions, and in general it is not prudent
to devote less to it; the future professional success of the student
depending much upon his full mastery of it. It is a maxim sanctioned
by long and wide experience, that "he who is not a good lawyer when he
comes to the bar, will seldom be a good one afterwards." And in order
to such thorough acquaintance with the elements of the law, thought is
requisite as well as reading; and for the purpose of thought, there must
be time to digest, as well as industry to acquire. One cannot expect to
gorge himself with law, as a boa constrictor does with masses of food,
and then digest it afterwards; the process of assimilation must go on,
if it is to proceed healthfully and beneficially, at the same time with
the reception of the knowledge. So the athlete judges, who wishes
to train the physical man to the most vigorous development, and the
intellectual athlete should imitate the example.

But whilst the student is advised, as a general rule, not to attempt
to complete the course in a single session, yet, if he chooses to essay
it (as some do successfully,) he is admitted to the graduating examinations,
and if he attains the standard required, he is entitled to the degree.

The expenses of a Law student are from $303 to $339 for the session;
books will cost about $80 additional. (See page 53.)

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING.

W. M. THORNTON, Adj. Professor of Mathematics Applied to Engineering.

CHARLES S. VENABLE, LL. D., Professor of Mathematics.

FRANCIS H. SMITH, M. A., LL. D., Professor of Natural Philosophy.

JOHN W. MALLET, Ph. D., M. D., LL. D., F. R. S., Professor of Chemistry.

F. P. DUNNINGTON, B. Sc., Adj. Professor of Analytical Chemistry.

WM. M. FONTAINE, M, A., Professor of Natural History and Geology.

This Department is designed to furnish intending engineers thorough
and practical instruction in the principles of Engineering and the sciences
connected therewith. For this purpose, in addition to the Schools of
Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and Natural History and
Geology, already existing in the University, there have been organized
(since 1867) the Schools of Analytical Chemistry, and of Mathematics Applied
to Engineering. For the first five Schools the courses of instruction
are given in detail in the Scientific Department.

SCHOOL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS.

Prof. Thornton.

The courses of this School are arranged as follows:

I. Civil Engineering.

Junior Class:—Projective Geometry, Engineering Geodesy, Engineering
Construction, Lines of Communication.

Senior Class:—Elementary Mechanics, Resistance of Materials, Stability
of Structures, Hydraulic Engineering.

II. Mining Engineering.

Junior Class:—Projective Geometry, Engineering Geodesy, Engineering
Construction, Exploitation of Mines.

Senior Class:—Elementary Mechanics, Resistance of Materials, Mechanics
of Machines, Theory of Prime Movers.

Instruction in the foregoing subjects is conveyed by a course of systematic
lectures, combined with assiduous practice in the field and at
the drawing-board, continued throughout the course.

In the lecture course, after careful elucidation of fundamental principles,
the rules of construction are deduced, and applied to the criticism
of existing structures and the design of proposed works.

In the field course the adjustments and use of the instruments are
carefully taught, and the student, after a thorough drill in the methods
of measuring and estimating lengths, altitudes, and angles, is required to
execute for himself surveys of lands, buildings, and topography; to locate
lines for railways, highways, and canals; and to set out curves, earthworks
and masonry.

In the course of design the easy and accurate use of pen and brush is
first acquired by exercises in projective and topographic drawing. The
student is then required, from assigned data, to compute the dimensions
of proposed structures, and on the basis of his computations to prepare
bills of material, and general and detailed drawings of the works; to
draw up specifications and furnish estimates of cost in accordance with
prices current.

To facilitate the instruction in this department, the University has
provided a commodious and well-lighted lecture room and drawing hall,
a liberal supply of field instruments of the best construction, and models
and drawings of a large variety of structures, illustrating the best
practice of modern engineers, American and foreign.

Note.—Applicants for Degrees in Engineering (see p. 52) should possess
an accurate knowledge of the elements of Algebra, Geometry, and
Trigonometry. With such preparation the following arrangement of
studies, leading to the Degrees of C. E. and M. E. respectively, is recommended:

Degree of C. E.—First Year:—Junior Applied Mathematics, Chemistry,
Mathematics. Second Year:—Senior Applied Mathematics, Natural
Philosophy, Mineralogy and Geology.

Degree of M. E.—First Year:—Junior Applied Mathematics, General
Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics. Second Year:—Senior Applied
Mathematics, Industrial Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Mineralogy
and Geology.

The annual expenses of students of Civil Engineering are from $325
to $360; those of students of Mining Engineering from $390 to $425;
according to the price paid for board. Virginia students in this department,
over eighteen years old, who have passed the requisite entrance
examinations pay no tuition (see p. 62), except in Applied Mathematics
and Analytical Chemistry.

AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.

JOHN R. PAGE, M. D., Professor of Agriculture, Zoology and Botany.

FRANCIS H. SMITH, M. A., LL. D., Professor of Natural Philosophy.

JOHN W. MALLET, Ph. D., M. D., LL. D., F. R. S., Professor of Chemistry.

F. P. DUNNINGTON, Adj. Professor of Analytical and Agricultural Chemistry.

WM. M. FONTAINE, M. A., Professor of Natural History and Geology.

W. M. THORNTON, Adj. Professor of Mathematics Applied to Engineering.

The late Samuel Miller, of Lynchburg, having by deed given in trust
one hundred thousand dollars for the establishment of a Department of
Scientific and Practical Agriculture in the University of Virginia, the
Trustees, under this deed, met the Rector and Visitors of the University
on the 17th of September, 1869, and arrangements were made for putting
the said department in operation. These arrangements have subsequently,
by action taken at various times, been extended and added to;
the above-named Professors have been nominated by the trustees of the
Miller Fund, and elected by the Board of Visitors of the University;
certain lands belonging to the University have been set aside, and

brought into cultivation as an Experimental Farm; a machine for the
manufacture of drain tiles has been imported from England; and implements,
apparatus, models and specimens of various kinds have been collected
as material aids to the course of instruction.

In this, as in all the other Departments of the University, entire freedom
of choice is left to the student as to the Schools he shall attend, and
the order in which he shall attend them; and this choice will be influenced
in individual cases by the nature and extent of previous preparation,
as well as by difference of ulterior aim; but a student of average
ability, who has already had a fair general education, and who comes to
the University with the intention of devoting himself to a study of the
principles upon which Agriculture is based, will probably do well to
select for the first year Natural Philosophy (Junior Class), Chemistry
(general), Zoology, Agricultural Botany and Agriculture, and Mineralogy
and Geology; and for the second year Scientific and Practical Agriculture,
Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry (including the first Laboratory
Class of Analytical Chemistry) and Agricultural Engineering. This
arrangement of studies may, with advantage, be expanded to a course
for three years, or may be varied by the selection of other Schools when
deemed desirable. For the plan of study in the respective Schools,
reference may be made to the preceding pages.

The degree of Bachelor of Scientific Agriculture is conferred in this
department (see page 53.)

Trustees of the Miller Fund.

         

J. F. SLAUGHTER, President.
W. W. MINOR,	S. V. SOUTHALL,
S. W. FICKLIN,	H. W. JONES,
GEO. W. PALMER,	B. JOHNSON BARBOUR.
R. T. W. DUKE, Secretary.

MILLER SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE, ZOOLOGY,
AND BOTANY.

Prof. Page.

In this School are three classes:

I. Agriculture; divided into two courses, Scientific and Practical.

1. The Scientific course comprises a review of what is known of the
chemical composition, the structure and the functions of the organs of
plants; and of the atmosphere and soil, as related to vegetable production.

2. The course on Practical Agriculture comprises the study of the
nature and formation of soils; their exposure and drainage; the best
methods of tillage; and the use of manures and fertilizers, with experiments
to show their effects. Special instruction is given in the mechanical
operations of the farm, and in the practical management of teams.

This class is continued throughout the whole session.

II. Zoology.—This class studies the leading principles of the science,
with special reference to the anatomy, physiology and morphology of
typical species throughout the animal kingdom.

Special lectures are given during this course on insects injurious to
vegetation, on fish and oyster culture, and on the breeding, rearing, and
diseases of domestic animals.

The fine collection of Zoological specimens in the Brooks Museum
affords excellent facilities for study of the science. The class is continued
until the examination, about the middle of March.

III Botany.—This class commences about the middle of March,
and continues until the end of the session.

The time is mainly devoted to the study of flowering plants, their
analysis and determination. Cryptogamic Botany, especially fungi and
fungoid diseases of plants, receive as much attention as possible.

Text-Books.—"How Crops Grow," and "How Crops Feed," by Johnson; "Scientific
Agriculture," by Pendleton: "Manual of Zoology," by Nicholson; "School and
Field Book of Botany," by Gray. For reference:—Carpenter's Zoology; Harris' Insects
Injurious to Vegetation; Mivart's Comparative Anatomy; "Flora of the Southern
States," by Chapman; Armsby on "Cattle Feeding," and Law's Veterinary Adviser.