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Parkways and park roads

Howland, Benjamin Cregan
 
[copyright]
 
[frontispiece]
 
AN ATTITUDE:

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1982 PARK ROADS AND PARKWAYS LAR 525
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LECTURE 1: PREFACE
 
GLOSSARY:
 
THOUGHTS ON THE HISTORY OF ROADS
 
THE FUTURE:
 
COMPARISON OF PRIORITIES:
 
LECTURE 2: ASLA POLICY AND LEGISLATION
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LECTURE 3: SAFETY
 
Summary:
 
LECTURE 4 - CIRCULAR CURVES
 
LECTURE 5: SUPERELEVATION
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LECTURE 5 - THE PHYSICS OF MOTION
 
SUPERELEVATION:
 
DRIVER BEHAVIOR:
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LECTURE 6 - TRANSITION CURVES
 
HOWLAND'S FOURTEEN STEPS:
 
THE ENGINEER-LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT TEAM:
 
THE SPLINE LINE:
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LECTURE 7 - VERTICAL CURVES
 
Discussion:
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LECTURE 8 - DRAINAGE
 
DIVERSION DITCHES:
 
CULVERTS:
 
BOX CULVERTS:
 
CAUSEWAYS:
 
SELECTION OF STRUCTURES:
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LECTURE 9 - ROUTE SURVEYS AND ALTERNATIVE LOCATIONS
 
Discussion:
 
Procedure:
 
Reconnaissance Survey:
 
Preliminary Survey:
 
Location Survey:
 
Construction Surveys:
 
Supervision:
 
Study of Alternatives:
 
The Taking Line:
 
GRADE SEPARATIONS AND INTERCHANGES
 
ADAPTABILITY OF INTERSECTIONS
 
SAFETY
 
STAGE DEVELOPMENT
 
ECONOMIC FACTORS
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STRUCTURES
 
MAJOR STRUCTURES:
 
MINOR STRUCTURES:
 
MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES:
 
DESIGN FACTORS:
 
BRIDGE TYPES:
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LECTURE 11- SLOPES
 
Howland's Theory:
 
The Seedbed:
 
CLIMATIC FACTORS:
 
Maintenance:
 
Aesthetics:
 
Running the job:
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LECTURE 12 - PAVEMENTS
 
CURBS:
 
BITUMINOUS PAVEMENTS:
 
SURFACING:
 
THICKNESS:
 
ASPHALT CURBS:
 
TRAILS:
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MIXES:
 
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS:
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LECTURE 13 - PARKING AREAS:
 
DETERMINING SIZE:
 
Dimensions of Spaces:
 
Shade Trees:
 
Surfacing:
 
Drainage:
 
Curbs versus Wheelstops:
 
CAUTION!!
 
SPECIAL CONDITIONS:
 
Campgrounds:
 
Bus Parking:
 
Amphitheaters:
 
Trailer Parking at Boat Ramps:
 
Picnic Areas:
 
Maintenance Areas:
 
Turning Radius:
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LECTURE 14 ROAD CONSTRUCTION
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THE SEQUENCE OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION
 
PHASE I: PRE-PLANNING
 
PHASE II: PRELIMINARY PLANNING
 
PHASE III: PROJECT PLANNING OR PS&E (Plans, specs & estimates)
 
PHASE IV: BIDS AND PRE-CONTRACT
 
PHASE V: CONSTRUCTION
 
PHASE VI: FINAL INSPECTION
 
PHASE VII: FINAL PAYMENT AND COMPLETION REPORT
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LECTURE 15 - MAINTENANCE
 
Working Relationships:
 
Roadside Vegetation:
 
De-icing Chemicals:
 
Maintenance Plans:
 
Ditches:
 
Inspection of Culverts:
 
Inspection of Bridges:
 
Resurfacing:
 
Uniform Traffic Control Devices:
 
Roadside Parking:
 
Overlooks:
 
Relocation:
 
Traffic Control Devices:
 
Roadside Markers:
 
Maintenance of Roadsigns:
 
International System of Sign Symbols:
 
Assimilation:
 
Scouting Problems:
 
Performance Standards:

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Addendum
 
References
 
Images
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Supervision:

Project engineers are assigned to supervise construction and to
administer contracts on those projects designated Major Roads by

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the National Park Service and the Federal Highway Administration
under the Interbureau Agreement of 1926. Minor Roads are those
designed by engineers and landscape architects in the National
Park Service working "in house" without help from Federal Highway.
In both cases, the landscape architect works hand in glove with the
engineer to merge their talents in the design and construction of
park roads.

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