University of Virginia Library

Search this document 
Parkways and park roads

Howland, Benjamin Cregan
 
[copyright]
 
[frontispiece]
 
AN ATTITUDE:

collapse section
1982 PARK ROADS AND PARKWAYS LAR 525
collapse section
LECTURE 1: PREFACE
 
GLOSSARY:
 
THOUGHTS ON THE HISTORY OF ROADS
 
THE FUTURE:
 
COMPARISON OF PRIORITIES:
 
LECTURE 2: ASLA POLICY AND LEGISLATION
collapse section
LECTURE 3: SAFETY
 
Summary:
 
LECTURE 4 - CIRCULAR CURVES
 
LECTURE 5: SUPERELEVATION
collapse section
LECTURE 5 - THE PHYSICS OF MOTION
 
SUPERELEVATION:
 
DRIVER BEHAVIOR:
collapse section
LECTURE 6 - TRANSITION CURVES
 
HOWLAND'S FOURTEEN STEPS:
 
THE ENGINEER-LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT TEAM:
 
THE SPLINE LINE:
collapse section
LECTURE 7 - VERTICAL CURVES
 
Discussion:
collapse section
LECTURE 8 - DRAINAGE
 
DIVERSION DITCHES:
 
CULVERTS:
 
BOX CULVERTS:
 
CAUSEWAYS:
 
SELECTION OF STRUCTURES:
collapse section
LECTURE 9 - ROUTE SURVEYS AND ALTERNATIVE LOCATIONS
 
Discussion:
 
Procedure:
 
Reconnaissance Survey:
 
Preliminary Survey:
 
Location Survey:
 
Construction Surveys:
 
Supervision:
 
Study of Alternatives:
 
The Taking Line:
 
GRADE SEPARATIONS AND INTERCHANGES
 
ADAPTABILITY OF INTERSECTIONS
 
SAFETY
 
STAGE DEVELOPMENT
 
ECONOMIC FACTORS
collapse section
STRUCTURES
 
MAJOR STRUCTURES:
 
MINOR STRUCTURES:
 
MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES:
 
DESIGN FACTORS:
 
BRIDGE TYPES:
collapse section
LECTURE 11- SLOPES
 
Howland's Theory:
 
The Seedbed:
 
CLIMATIC FACTORS:
 
Maintenance:
 
Aesthetics:
 
Running the job:
collapse section
LECTURE 12 - PAVEMENTS
 
CURBS:
 
BITUMINOUS PAVEMENTS:
 
SURFACING:
 
THICKNESS:
 
ASPHALT CURBS:
 
TRAILS:
collapse section
MIXES:
 
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS:
collapse section
LECTURE 13 - PARKING AREAS:
 
DETERMINING SIZE:
 
Dimensions of Spaces:
 
Shade Trees:
 
Surfacing:
 
Drainage:
 
Curbs versus Wheelstops:
 
CAUTION!!
 
SPECIAL CONDITIONS:
 
Campgrounds:
 
Bus Parking:
 
Amphitheaters:
 
Trailer Parking at Boat Ramps:
 
Picnic Areas:
 
Maintenance Areas:
 
Turning Radius:
collapse section
LECTURE 14 ROAD CONSTRUCTION
collapse section
THE SEQUENCE OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION
 
PHASE I: PRE-PLANNING
 
PHASE II: PRELIMINARY PLANNING
 
PHASE III: PROJECT PLANNING OR PS&E (Plans, specs & estimates)
 
PHASE IV: BIDS AND PRE-CONTRACT
 
PHASE V: CONSTRUCTION
 
PHASE VI: FINAL INSPECTION
 
PHASE VII: FINAL PAYMENT AND COMPLETION REPORT
collapse section
LECTURE 15 - MAINTENANCE
 
Working Relationships:
 
Roadside Vegetation:
 
De-icing Chemicals:
 
Maintenance Plans:
 
Ditches:
 
Inspection of Culverts:
 
Inspection of Bridges:
 
Resurfacing:
 
Uniform Traffic Control Devices:
 
Roadside Parking:
 
Overlooks:
 
Relocation:
 
Traffic Control Devices:
 
Roadside Markers:
 
Maintenance of Roadsigns:
 
International System of Sign Symbols:
 
Assimilation:
 
Scouting Problems:
 
Performance Standards:

collapse section
Addendum
 
References
 
Images
collapse section Collapse All | Expand All expand section
previous section Parkways and park roads
next section

Construction Surveys:

Centerline stakes, slope stakes, grade stakes, and off-set
stakes are then surveyed in to lay out construction. The first
operation by the contractor is clearing and grubbing the site which
often knocks out survey stakes and causes constant replacement by
a survey crew!

previous section Parkways and park roads
next section