14. What passions all men have.
These two last, envy and anger, not being caused by pain and pleasure simply in
themselves, but having in them some mixed considerations of ourselves and others, are not therefore to be found
in all men, because those other parts, of valuing their merits, or intending revenge, is wanting in them. But all the
rest, terminating purely in pain and pleasure, are, I think, to be found in all men. For we love, desire, rejoice, and
hope, only in respect of pleasure; we hate, fear, and grieve, only in respect of pain ultimately. In fine, all these
passions are moved by things, only as they appear to be the causes of pleasure and pain, or to have pleasure or
pain some way or other annexed to them. Thus we extend our hatred usually to the subject (at least, if a sensible
or voluntary agent) which has produced pain in us; because the fear it leaves is a constant pain: but we do not so
constantly love what has done us good; because pleasure operates not so strongly on us as pain, and because we
are not so ready to have hope it will do so again. But this by the by.
