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Dictionary of the History of Ideas

Studies of Selected Pivotal Ideas
103 occurrences of allegory
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103 occurrences of allegory
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BIBLIOGRAPHY

The idea of conservation, related as it is to the man-nature
theme, can be traced through Clarence Glacken, Traces on
the Rhodian Shore
(Berkeley, 1967). Glacken follows the
theme of nature and culture in Western thought from an-
cient times up through the eighteenth century, and presents
a comprehensive bibliography. William L. Thomas, ed.,
Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth (Chicago,
1956), is the transactions of a conference sponsored by the
Wenner-Gren Foundation, and pursues many of the con-
cepts basic to the idea of conservation. For the development
of the conservation idea in America, Stewart L. Udall, The
Quiet Crisis
(New York, 1963), is particularly useful. It can
be supplemented by Gifford Pinchot, Breaking New Gound
(New York, 1947), and by Roderick Nash, The American
Environment: Readings in the History of Conservation

(Reading, Mass., 1968). A history of ideas on wildlife con-
servation is presented by Aldo Leopold, Game Management
(New York, 1933), and Edward H. Graham, The Land and
Wildlife
(New York, 1947). The urban environment and the
conservation problems related to it can be examined in
Lewis Mumford, The City in History (New York, 1961).

The first books relating the world population problem
to the problems of conservation are those of William Vogt,
Road to Survival (New York, 1948), and Fairfield Osborn,
Our Plundered Planet (Boston, 1948), covering the period
of population crisis following the end of the Second World
War. The modern scope of conservation is presented in
Raymond F. Dasmann, Environmental Conservation (New
York, 1968), and in Udall's book mentioned above.

Other references included in the discussion are: Shirley
Allen, Conserving Natural Resources (New York, 1959).
William Bartram, The Travels of William Bartram... (1791;
various reprints). Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon,
Natural History, General and Particular (1749ff.; London,
1812). Frederick Clements, Plant Succession (Pittsburgh,
1916). M. J., Marquis de Condorcet, Sketch for a Historical
Picture of the Conquest of the Human Mind
(1795; New
York, 1955). Charles Elton, Animal Ecology (London, 1927);
idem, The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants
(London and New York, 1958). John Evelyn, Silva: or, A
Discourse of Forest-Trees, and the Propagation of Timber in
His Majesty's Dominion
(1664; later reprints). William
Godwin, Of Population (London, 1820). Alexander von
Humboldt, Cosmos: A Sketch of a Physical Description of
the Universe
(1845-62; many editions). Joseph Illick, An


477

Outline of General Forestry (New York, 1939). Aldo Leopold,
A Sand County Almanac (New York, 1949). Arthur O.
Lovejoy, The Great Chain of Being: A Study of the History
of an Idea
(Cambridge, Mass., 1936). Thomas Malthus, An
Essay on Population
... (1798; various reprints). George
P. Marsh, Man and Nature, or Physical Geography as Modi-
fied by Human Action
(1864; Cambridge, Mass., 1965). John
Muir, The Mountains of California (New York, 1894); idem,
Our National Parks (Boston, 1901). T. S. Palmer, “Chronol-
ogy and Index of American Game Protection, 1776-1911,”
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Biological Survey, Bulletin
41 (1912). John Wesley Powell, Report on the Lands of the
Arid Region of the United States
(Washington, D.C., 1878).
Carl O. Sauer, Agricultural Origins and Dispersals (Ameri-
can Geographical Society, 1952). Guy-Harold Smith, ed.,
Conservation of Natural Resources (New York, 1950). Henry
David Thoreau, Excursions, the Writings of Henry David
Thoreau
(1863; reprint Boston, 1893).

RAYMOND F. DASMANN

[See also Environment; Environment and Culture; Evolu-
tionism; Nature; Perfectibility.]